“I was very lucky growing up in New York to be surrounded by Introduction great music from the beginning. Every child deserves a rich experience in the arts, and the Philharmonic is here to provide that with the great music composed for orchestra.” Alan Gilbert, Music Director “With this engaging music Pathways to the Orchestra is a music curriculum developed by New York Philharmonic Teaching Artists and their partner teachers curriculum for schools, we in New York City public schools. The lessons in this book form the continue our long-standing backbone of a student’s three years in the School Partnership Program (SPP), in grades three to five. Classroom-tested over a tradition of sharing the joy of number of years, Pathways lessons constitute a three-year curriculum music with young people. As based on United States, New York State, and New York City standards they discover the world of the in music. Like New York City’s Blueprint for Teaching and Learning in Music, which the Philharmonic played a lead role in developing, orchestra, we share in their Pathways is a repertory-based approach to music, developing students excitement, and it energizes as listeners, performers, and composers around an encounter with major works of musical art. Important additional components of the SPP our world as well as theirs.” include In-School Concerts of the Teaching Artists Ensemble, and the Zarin Mehta, President and annual School Day Concert by the full New York Philharmonic at Avery Executive Director Fisher Hall, with its own repertory and curriculum. Pathways lessons are designed so that classroom teachers with limited musical background can carry them out and discover rich possibilities for integration into other areas of the curriculum — while Teaching Artists and music specialists can use them as springboards for creative musical extensions. With this second edition, we update favorite lessons and introduce several new ones. We also connect this print material with expanded resources online at nyphil.org/teachers, enabling teachers to extend units into additional repertory and activities. Pathways to the Orchestra is a manifestation of a dynamic, ever- deepening learning process among students, teachers, and Teaching Artists. We welcome you into this world, whether as an SPP participant or an online user. Let us know how Pathways works for you, and what we should include online or in the next edition, by writing to [email protected]. PHOTO CREDIT:TK PHOTO PHOTO: Chris Lee Chris PHOTO: Theodore Wiprud Director of Education Opposite page: Music Director Alan Gilbert IFCB I For Teachers in A Typical Year in the School School Partnership Schools Partnership Program Welcome to the School What to Expect in the School Partnership Program! Partnership Program Perform/ Teacher Begin Record The School Partnership Program was founded in 1994 to As a teacher in the School Partnership Program, you will Orientation In-school Begin Final Final address the decline of music education in New York City’s partner with a Teaching Artist who will visit your classroom & Workshop Concerts SDC Prep Projects Projects schools. From three initial partner schools, it has grown 17 times this year. At each visit, you will have an opportunity to more than 150 classrooms in 15 New York City schools, to plan with the Teaching Artist for the next visit, as well making music integral to the experience of over 3,000 as address any issues or changes that may arise during TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit students each year. Our faculty of Teaching Artists share the course of your work in the classroom. To support your their work with colleagues around the world as part of the work in the classroom, you will be given resource materials New York Philharmonic’s global presence. that include recorders, instrument posters, percussion boxes, and journals. You will also enjoy two In-School September October November December January February March April May June The School Partnership Program (SPP) is the most Concerts performed at your school, one in the fall and one comprehensive program of its kind in the United States. in the spring, as well as attending the School Day Concert The New York Philharmonic devotes tremendous (SDC) at Avery Fisher Hall. You can also expect to make TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit TA Visit resources to its partner schools and commits itself for connections to your curriculum through your work with your the long term. The Philharmonic partners with schools Teaching Artist, and as a part of projects in the classroom. that are able to make a similar level of commitment. Initial School Final The SPP is not simply a residency. It aims to integrate We hope that you enjoy the year, and enjoy working with Planning Day Concert In-school TA the orchestra into the life of a school. Workshops your Teaching Artist. Most of all, we hope that you are Session Ensemble are co-taught by Philharmonic Teaching Artists and both excited about bringing music into your classroom, and into Concerts classroom teachers and music teachers. All teachers the lives of your students. Thanks so much for being a part take part in professional development. Parents, teachers, of the Program! and administrators are invited to special events including New York Philharmonic concerts. The SPP outcomes 7. Scholarship support for select students for private for teaching and learning, not only in music, are spectacular Elements of the New York instrumental lessons where the program is fully realized. Philharmonic School 8. On-going evaluation and assessment work 9. Commitment of time from schools for: Toya A. Lillard Partnership Program include: a. Instructional time during the day (for teacher-led Director, In-School Programs and co-led sessions) 1. On-going presence of a Teaching Artist in the school PHOTO:Michael DiVito b. Release time for planning and after-school 2. Shared responsibility of instruction professional development 3. Multiple visits by individual musicians and ensembles c. A demonstrable plan for helping students take to the schools advantage of the scope-and-sequence nature of 4. Multiple visits by teachers, students, and parents to the partnership’s curriculum. (i.e., a typical student the New York Philharmonic at Avery Fisher Hall would have the opportunity to participate in the (School Day Concerts, Young People’s Concerts, partnership over three years) Teacher Workshops rehearsals, etc.) d. A plan for ensuring that the partnership will have 5. Resource materials provided to schools: student an impact on the school community as a whole journals, programs, CDs, posters, percussion instruments, recorders, teacher resources, and books 6. Basic recorder instruction for both teacher and students Teaching Artist Justin Hines in P.S. 108 classroom II III Contents Preface I Welcome to the School Partnership Program II LEVEL 1 Discovering Orchestral Music 3 Unit 1: What Is an Orchestra? 4 Unit 2: Rhythm 8 Unit 3: Melody 10 Unit 4: Dynamics 14 Unit 5: Musical Layers 17 Unit 6: Final Project: Music & Stories 21 LEVEL 2 The Composer’s Process 25 Unit 1: Musical Inspiration 26 Unit 2: Harmony 30 Unit 3: Musical Form 36 Unit 4: Orchestration 41 Unit 5: Level Review 44 Unit 6: Creating a Final Project 46 LEVEL 3 Exploring Orchestral Masterworks 49 Unit 1: The Art of Musical Storytelling 50 Unit 2: A Musical Ghost Story 55 Unit 3: Jazzin’ It Up 55 Unit 4: A Jazzy Neighborhood Journey 61 Unit 5: Musical Portraits 64 Unit 6: Creating a Final Project 74 Courtesy of New York Philharmonic Archives, and Michael DiVito Michael and Archives, Philharmonic York New of Courtesy PHOTOS:Chris Lee,Courtesy PhilharmonicNew ofYork Archives, Glossary 77 Additional Units of Study Available from the New York Philharmonic 78 New York Philharmonic Roster 79 © 2009 New York Philharmonic Credits 80 Photocopying and reproduction permitted Track Listings 81 with proper crediting Recordings courtesy of Sony Classical and Members of the New York Philharmonic ©1994-2009 by the New York Philharmonic Concertmaster Glenn Dicterow and Principal Associate Concertmaster Sheryl Staples; Aaron Copland with Leonard (Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York, Inc.) Bernstein; Duke Ellington; Students in the School Partnership Program 1 LEVEL 1 Discovering LEVEL Orchestral Music In Level 1(usually the third grade year), students are introduced to the orchestra. They learn about what makes the orchestra a vibrant, creative community, and they explore basic musical concepts. An understanding of these central musical ideas — Rhythm, Melody, Dynamics, and Musical Layering — is the foundation upon which students’ continued progress in the Philharmonic’s Pathways to the Orchestra is built. At the same time, teachers are encouraged to seek ways to connect this work to the literacy and social studies curricula, especially in regard to the Final Project, which focuses on the adaptation of a story for performance with music. PHOTO CREDIT:TK PHOTO DiVIto Michael PHOTO: 12 3 LEVEL LEVEL What Is an Orchestra? sure to mix up the cards so that all four families are well · On the left half of the paper, write the names of your UNIT 1 represented. instruments. · Ask students to stand in a circle with their instrument · On the right half, list observations about what your 1 pictures, facing out. After the students take a good look instruments have in common. Note any differences 1 at each other’s cards, with no further information, give as well. them thirty seconds to arrange themselves into groups Focal Work according to which instruments they think belong Once each group has thoroughly explored its cards, have The Young Person’s Guide to together. one member of each group share its findings with the class.