DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnobotanical Study and Conservation Status of Trees in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ethnobotanical study and conservation status of trees in the district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Estudio etnobotánico y estado de conservación de los árboles en el Distrito Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistán Shah A1*, S Rahim1,5 , KH Bhatti2, A Khan1, N Din1, M Imran1, M Mohsin3, M Ishtiaq4, A Nabila1, A Ansari1, S Hussain1, M Zafar5, M Mushtaq5, E Mumtaz1, J Iqbal6 Abstract. Sargodha district is one of the least studied regions of Resumen. El distrito de Sargodha es uno de los menos estudia- Pakistan regarding its ethnobotanical values. This paper is the first dos de Pakistán en lo que se refiere a sus valores etnobotánicos. Este report related to the documentation and conservation status of the paper es el primer informe con respecto a la documentación y estado tree species in the Sargodha district, and their folk ethnobotanical de conservación de las especies arbóreas en el Distrito de Sargodha, uses. An interview base survey was conducted in the study area in y sus usos etnológicos vulgares. En el área de estudio se condujo un 2010-2013. The ethnobotanical data revealed the use of 100 tree spe- estudio de entrevistas durante 2010-2013. Los datos etnobotánicos cies (6 gymnosperms, 94 angiosperms) belonging to 77 genera (6 revelevaron el uso de 100 especies de árboles (6 gimnospermas, 94 gymnosperms, 71 angiosperms) and 39 families (4 gymnosperms, 35 angiospermas) pertenecientes a 77 géneros (6 gimnospermas, 71 angiosperms), with the Fabaceae ranking first with 19 tree species, angiospermas) y 39 familias (4 gimnospermas, 35 angiospermas). followed by the Moraceae (12 species). Tree species like Aegle marme- Las Fabaceae fueron primeras con 19 especies de árboles, seguidas los, Butea monosperma, Diospyrus malabarica, Gmelina arborea, Kige- por las Moraceae con 12 especies. Especies arbóreas como Aegle lia africana, Manilkara hexandra, Manilkara zapota, Mimusops elengi, marmelos, Butea monosperma, Diospyrus malabárica, Gmelina arbórea, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Putranjiva roxburghii, Terminalia arjuna and Kigelia africana, Manilkara hexandra, Manilkara zapota, Mimusops Terminalia bellerica are not only unique in their medicinal value but elengi, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Putranjiva roxburghii, Terminalia ar- also interesting because of their unusual occurrence here. Theve- juna y Terminalia bellerica no son solo únicas en su valor medicinal tia peruviana, Cassia fistula, Celtis australis, Delonix regia, Diospyrus sino también interesantes debido a su ocurrencia inusual en el Dis- malabarica, Grevillea robusta, Haplophragma adenophylum, Jacaranda trito. Thevetia peruviana, Cassia fistula, Celtis australis, Delonix regia, mimosifolia, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Plumeria rubra, Pterospermum ac- Diospyrus malabárica, Grevillea robusta, Haplophragma adenophylum, erifolium, Roystonea regia, Taxodium distichum and Tectona grandis are Jacaranda mimosifolia, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Plumeria rubra, Pteeo- included among the worth looking ornamental tree species. Capparis spermum acerifolium, Roystonea regia, Taxodium distichum y Tectona decidua, Dalbergia sissoo, Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix dioica, Prosopis cin- grandis están incluidas dentro de las especies leñosas ornamentales eraria and Ziziphus mauritiana are the most commonly used timber que vale la pena tener. Otros usos etnobotánicos comunes de estos species. Other common ethnobotanical utilization of these trees in- árboles incluyen su utilidad como cobertura, combustible o usos cludes either sheltering or fuel or agricultural uses. Lack of awareness agrícolas. La falta de conocimiento acerca de los usos potenciales about the potential uses of these species, and particularly ignorance de estas especies, y especialmente la ignorancia de las autoridades of the concerned authorities, have led to a decline in the population involucradas, han conducido a una reducción en las poblaciones de of this precious tree flora. Documentation of this tree flora, and as- esta valiosa flora arbórea. La documentación de esta flora arbórea, y 1 Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. 2 Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan. 3 Department of Textile Engineering, UET Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan. 4 Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST). Bhimber Campus, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. 5 Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 6 Department of Biology, Government College Mankera, Punjab, Pakistan. Address Correspondence to: Amin Shah, e-mail: [email protected] Recibido / Received 2.II.2014. Aceptado / Accepted 31.III.2014. FYTON ISSN 0031 9457 (2015) 84: 34-44 Ethnobotanical study of trees of Sargodha, Pakistan 35 sociated indigenous knowledge, can be used as a basis for developing conocimiento indígeno asociado, se puede usar como una base para el management plans for conservation and sustainable use of this flora desarrollo de planes de manejo para la conservación y uso sustentable in the study area. A well-organized management is critical to restore de esta flora en la región de estudio. Un manejo bien organizado es and conserve this endangered natural resource in the District Sar- crítico para restaurar y conservar este recurso natural en peligro en el godha, Pakistan. The immense medicinal and timber value of these Distrito de Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistán. El inmenso valor que estos tree species make it necessary to promote their conservation to si- árboles tienen desde el punto de vista medicinal y como madera hace multaneously alleviate the poverty and improve the socio-economic necesario promover su conservación, para simultáneamente aliviar la status of the study area. pobreza y mejorar el nivel socio-económico del área en estudio. Keywords: Ethnobotanical study; Medicinal plants; Sargodha; Palabras clave: Estudio etnobotánico; Plantas medicinales; Sargo- Pakistan. dha; Pakistán. INTRODUCTION when temperatures reach 50 °C. Most of its area consists of smooth land, except some hilly areas (known as Kirana Hills) Trees are an important source of wood for timber and lum- with an altitude of approximately 187 m.a.s.l. Two main rivers ber, but also provide non-timber forest products (e.g., medi- of Pakistan touch Sargodha, and make the land fertile. The cines, fuel, fodder, and ornamental and agricultural uses). The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides, and the prosperity of any country might be partially determined by River Chenab flows on the eastern side of the city. The district its forest and tree resources. In addition to their productive includes villages and towns inhabited by a number of castes and protective benefits, tree species might play a vital role in and ethnic groups (namely: Jats, Rajputs, Arayein, Qureshi, ecosystem stability, providing of habitat to a large number of Cheenas, Awans, Tiwanas, Ranjhas, Sials, Gondals, Bhattis, faunal diversity (Sheikh, 1993; Shah, 2005). Systematic explo- Khokhar, Balochs, Kumhars, Naaii, etc.), each with its own rations of the traditional use of plants are urgently needed to religious, cultural and social traditions. The Sargodha district unravel the botanical species richness of an area. Pakistan is and its surrounding areas mainly constitute fertile and irri- endowed with a rich plant biodiversity due to its unique geo- gated land. There is a rich diversity of cultivated and wild trees graphic and climatic conditions, and the Sargodha District is throughout the area. Local inhabitants of the area are very one of such regions. Ethnobotany is a very important area of much close to this natural tree richness for their daily uses. study all over the world (Singh & Singh, 2009). It is the study There are diverse ethnic groups in the area having rich indig- of how the people of a particular region and culture make enous knowledge about the use of trees especially for medi- use of indigenous plants. Ethnobotanists explore how plants cines, non-timber forest products (NTFPs), fuel wood, timber, might be used in medicine, food, fodder, timber, shelter and thatching and roofing, etc. In other parts of the country a lot religious ceremonies (Badshah et al., 2012). In the context of of work has been reported by many other workers, particularly a complex ethnobotany, there are people who identify plants the documentation of indigenous uses of plants. In the Sar- that are used simultaneously with both food and therapeutic godha District, some studies have been conducted on trees, purposes (Hurrell & Albuquerque, 2012). This science pro- but their ethnobotanical importance has been neglected so far. vides the possibility of finding new medicines derived from Field work was carried out in 2010-2013, working plan was plants (Heinrich, 2000). Ethnobotanical information is neces- prepared according to the life forms of the plants, and season sary to document plant life in any area, especially those which of utilization of plant products by the local people. Several are unexplored. This preliminary taxonomic documentation, field trips were arranged for collecting the trees, especially the and the folk knowledge of indigenous people about the native wild ones. Ethnobotanical information was collected through flora, will serve as a guide for the next coming generations. semi-structured interviews as described by Cotton (1996). Col- Sargodha district is one of the least studied regions of lected plants were dried, pressed and mounted properly fol- Pakistan regarding its ethnobotanical values. The objective of lowing
Recommended publications
  • Conocarpus Erectus

    Conocarpus Erectus

    Conocarpus erectus (Button Mangrove, Green Buttonwood) Button mangrove is a broadleaf evergreen trees which can withstand drought, salt, heat and high winds.The fruit looks like a dried raspberry or a pine cone. Its flaky brown bark is very attractive. Throughout the year, greenish-white and purple flowers are produced, but they are not noticeable. Due to the high tolerance of heat and drought it is used a lot in hot and arid climate as hedge, street tree or windbreak. Landscape Information French Name: Chêne Guadeloupe ﺩﻣﺲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :Arabic Name Pronounciation: kawn-oh-KAR-pus ee-RECK- tus Plant Type: Tree Origin: Florida and the West Indies Heat Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Screen, Hedge, Bonsai, Specimen, Container, Shade, Windbreak, Pollution Tolerant / Urban, Reclamation Size/Shape Growth Rate: Moderate Plant Image Tree Shape: Spreading, Vase Canopy Symmetry: Symmetrical Canopy Density: Medium Canopy Texture: Fine Height at Maturity: 8 to 15 m Spread at Maturity: 8 to 10 meters Conocarpus erectus (Button Mangrove, Green Buttonwood) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Lanceolate Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Glossy, Fine Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: False Flower Color: Green, White Seasons: Year Round Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage Number of
  • Conocarpus Erectus" Plant As Biomonitoring of Soil and Air Pollution in Ahwaz Region

    Conocarpus Erectus" Plant As Biomonitoring of Soil and Air Pollution in Ahwaz Region

    Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (10): 1319-1324, 2013 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.10.1182 Evaluation of "Conocarpus erectus" Plant as Biomonitoring of Soil and Air Pollution in Ahwaz Region 12Ali Gholami, Amir Hossein Davami, 3Ebrahim Panahpour and 4Hossein Amini 1,3Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran 2Department of Environmental Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran 4Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran Abstract: Effects of soil and atmosphere pollution on some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd) concentration in Button-tree (Conocarpus erectus) leaves were studied in the city of Ahwaz (Khouzestan, Iran). Samples were collected from four sampling sites representing area of high traffic density, area future away from traffic and Industrial area. Samples were collected in two stages (May and October) in 2011 for chemical analysis. Samples from village near the city also analyzed for comparison. Based on the results, the stages of leaf sampling did not showed any significant effect on the concentration of the measured heavy metals in leaf samples. Chemical analysis of soil samples at depth of 0-10cm showed that concentration of most of these elements was lower than the maximum recommended levels. Concentrations of measured heavy metals in washed leaves were lower than those of unwashed leaves of Conocarpus and different was significant. In spite of that, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals in washed leaves and soil samples.
  • Morphological and Molecular Barcode Analysis of the Medicinal Tree Mimusops Coriacea (A.DC.) Miq

    Morphological and Molecular Barcode Analysis of the Medicinal Tree Mimusops Coriacea (A.DC.) Miq

    Morphological and molecular barcode analysis of the medicinal tree Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq. collected in Ecuador Katherine Bustamante1, Efrén Santos-Ordóñez2,3, Migdalia Miranda4, Ricardo Pacheco2, Yamilet Gutiérrez5 and Ramón Scull5 1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudadela Universitaria “Salvador Allende,” Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 3 Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 4 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 5 Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, Ciudad Habana, Cuba ABSTRACT Background: Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq., (Sapotaceae), originated from Africa, were introduced to coastal areas in Ecuador where it is not extensively used as a traditional medicine to treat various human diseases. Different therapeutically uses of the species include: analgesic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, inflammation and pain relieve associated with bone and articulation-related diseases. Furthermore, Mimusops coriacea could be used as anti-oxidant agent. However, botanical, chemical or molecular barcode information related to this much used species is not available from Ecuador. In this study, morphological characterization was performed from leaves, stem and seeds. Furthermore, genetic characterization was performed using molecular barcodes for rbcL, matk, ITS1 and ITS2 using DNA extracted from leaves. Methods: Macro-morphological description was performed on fresh leaves, stem Submitted 25 March 2019 and seeds. For anatomical evaluation, tissues were embedded in paraffin and Accepted 29 August 2019 transversal dissections were done following incubation with sodium hypochlorite Published 11 October 2019 and safranin for coloration and fixated later in glycerinated gelatin.
  • Sargodha District Sargodha

    Sargodha District Sargodha

    DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 DIVISION SARGODHA DISTRICT SARGODHA IDP Camp in 2009 Earthquake Flood Mock Exercise in May 2020 Corona virus Pandemic-Training to wear PPE’s Prepared by: MAZHAR SHAH, DISTRICT EMERGENCY OFFICER Approved by: DDMA Sargodha DDMP 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Aim and Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 District Profile .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Coordination Mechanism ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Risk Analysis............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Early Warning .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Rescue Strategy .....................................................................................................................................................
  • TAXON:Conocarpus Erectus L. SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate

    TAXON:Conocarpus Erectus L. SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate

    TAXON: Conocarpus erectus L. SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Conocarpus erectus L. Family: Combretaceae Common Name(s): button mangrove Synonym(s): Conocarpus acutifolius Willd. ex Schult. buttonwood Conocarpus procumbens L. Sea mulberry Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 30 Jul 2018 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Tropical Tree, Naturalized, Coastal, Pure Stands, Water-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 30 Jul 2018 (Conocarpus erectus L.) Page 1 of 17 TAXON: Conocarpus erectus L.
  • A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-Infectives

    A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-Infectives

    fmicb-07-01956 November 30, 2016 Time: 12:40 # 1 REVIEW published: 02 December 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01956 Beyond Traditional Antimicrobials: A Caenorhabditis elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-infectives Cin Kong†, Su-Anne Eng, Mei-Perng Lim and Sheila Nathan* School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia The spread of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens has led to an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds with novel modes of action that minimize the potential for drug resistance. To date, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is still lagging far behind the rising demand, partly owing to the absence of an effective screening platform. Over the last decade, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Edited by: Luis Cláudio Nascimento Da Silva, has been incorporated as a whole animal screening platform for antimicrobials. This CEUMA University, Brazil development is taking advantage of the vast knowledge on worm physiology and how it Reviewed by: interacts with bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition to allowing for in vivo selection Osmar Nascimento Silva, of compounds with promising anti-microbial properties, the whole animal C. elegans Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Brazil screening system has also permitted the discovery of novel compounds targeting Francesco Imperi, infection processes that only manifest during the course of pathogen infection of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy host. Another advantage of using C. elegans in the search for new antimicrobials is that *Correspondence: Sheila Nathan the worm itself is a source of potential antimicrobial effectors which constitute part of its [email protected] immune defense response to thwart infections.
  • Phytocompounds Investigation, Isolation of Flavan-3-Ol from the Stem of Manilkara Hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard and Its Potential in Anti- Oxidant

    Phytocompounds Investigation, Isolation of Flavan-3-Ol from the Stem of Manilkara Hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard and Its Potential in Anti- Oxidant

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Phytocompounds Investigation, Isolation Of Flavan-3-Ol From The Stem Of Manilkara Hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard And Its Potential In Anti- Oxidant S.Irudaya Monisha, J.Rosaline Vimala Abstract: The plant poly phenols are present adequately which has high impact on human drugs. Flavan- 3- ol consist in the stem of Manilkara hexandra and it has rich medicinal value like anti-oxidant. The physical and chemical properties were investigated from the stem of Manilkara hexandra. Proximate, histochemical, fluorescence, mineral analysis were examined by using standard procedures. The flavan-3-ol was isolated using chromatographics method such as coloumn chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Then it was characterized by UV, FT-IR, LC-Ms, NMR (1H & 13 C) and it is further extended to in-vitro anti-oxidant (DPPH method) potential. The flavanoid was identified by preliminary investigation after then flavan-3-ol was isolated and it gives good response for anti-oxidant activity. The isolated catechin has a unique biological behaviours, and act as a metal chelating agent. So it can be used for further research from this plant. Index Terms: Anti-Oxidant, Fluorescence , Histochemical, Isolation, Manilkara Hexandra , Mineral Analysis ,Proximate. 1 INTRODUCTION properties,such as sapotaceae [14]. The genus Manilkara includes 135 plants that are distributed worldwide. MEDICINAL plants are used in all the cultures as a basic Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) and Manilkara zapota(L) are source for medicines.[1], [2], [3]. Plant posses’ secondary native to south Asia*15+. Plant’s minerals have nutritional metabolities which contain pharmacological and chemical importance [16] and it thus finds its applications in curing properties it is also encouraging tool for human health [4], diseases related to liver, kidney, hepatitis and cancer [5].
  • Population Structure of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit As Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

    Population Structure of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit As Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

    Management and Conservation Note Population Structure of the Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit as Determined by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis AMANDA L. CROUSE, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4461, USA RODNEY L. HONEYCUTT, Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263-4321, USA ROBERT A. MCCLEERY,1 Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA CRAIG A. FAULHABER, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA NEIL D. PERRY, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Cedar City, UT 84270-0606, USA ROEL R. LOPEZ, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA ABSTRACT We used nucleotide sequence data from a mitochondrial DNA fragment to characterize variation within the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri). We observed 5 unique mitochondrial haplotypes across different sampling sites in the Lower Florida Keys, USA. Based on the frequency of these haplotypes at different geographic locations and relationships among haplotypes, we observed 2 distinct clades or groups of sampling sites (western and eastern clades). These 2 groups showed low levels of gene flow. Regardless of their origin, marsh rabbits from the Lower Florida Keys can be separated into 2 genetically distinct management units, which should be considered prior to implementation of translocations as a means of offsetting recent population declines. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(3):362–367; 2009) DOI: 10.2193/2007-207 KEY WORDS Florida Keys, genetic, marsh rabbit, mitochondrial DNA, population structure, Sylvilagus palustris hefneri. The Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri)is (Forys and Humphrey 1999b).
  • Chapter 3 Protection from Wind and Salt Spray

    Chapter 3 Protection from Wind and Salt Spray

    CHAPTER 3 PROTECTION FROM WIND AND SALT SPRAY Thematic paper: Protective functions of coastal forests and trees against wind and salt spray Eugene S. Takle, T.-C. Chen and Xiaoqing Wu1 This paper provides an overview of the hazard potential presented by wind and salt spray to human settlements in coastal areas of Southeast Asia. Damage to infrastructure (such as buildings, dams, bridges and dykes) and degradation of natural systems in Southeast Asia and India due to wind and salt spray are closely linked to climatological conditions that lead to high wind in the region (Section 1.1). The mechanisms for generation of salt spray and their relation to windspeed are discussed in Section 1.3. Introducing shelterbelts and coastal forests is proposed as an environmentally attractive method for suppressing damage due to wind and sea spray. The properties of shelterbelts that define their effectiveness for reducing wind and capturing sea salt are described in Section 2 and the development of guidelines for their re-establishment in coastal areas is addressed in Section 3. There is a brief discussion on economics and social aspects of establishing coastal forests in Section 4, and Section 5 offers concluding remarks. 1 Wind and salt spray damage in Asia Section 1 gives an overview of wind and salt spray damage potential for Southeast Asia. Actual records or maps of past damage to human assets in the region are neither comprehensive nor widely available, particularly in the context of salt spray damage. Available data for assessing wind and salt spray damage potential in Southeast Asia are perhaps a useful surrogate and arguably more relevant for policy-making, as actual damage maps would be highly dependent on the value of coastal human assets exposed to damaging conditions.
  • Ethnomedicinal Recipes of Wild Fruits of Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ethnomedicinal Recipes of Wild Fruits of Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan

    J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 262-271, 2019 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Ethnomedicinal recipes of wild fruits of Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan Asif Abbas Shah1, Amin Shah1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Sarvat Rahim*1 1Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan 2Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Article published on June 30, 2019 Key words: Wild fruit, Indigenous communities, Folklore, Curative flora. Abstract The The present study was conducted in the Sargodha district, Punjab, to underline indigenous knowledge of wild edible fruits as for therapeutic use by the local inhabitants. Folklore traditions with respect to curative flora were gathered through meetings and surveys from key informants including local residents, shepherds, herders, ranchers, traditional healers and herbalists. Rural vicinities were engaged to investigate reliable clients of wild edible fruits. Such studies not just assume a significant role in saving the native medica-ethnobotanical information yet in addition help to update the social status and economic values of the indigenous communities that consequently preserve the global heritage. 27 fruit species belonging to 15 families were recorded in the territory. All the plants were extremely compelling against various diseases and native to the area. The data about their botanical names, local names, families, part used, method of use and used for, all were recorded. The fruits and other plant samples of the investigated plants were collected, identified, preserved and deposited in the Herbarium of University of Sargodha (SARGU) for future references.
  • Audit Report on the Accounts of Tehsil Municipal Administrations District Sargodha

    Audit Report on the Accounts of Tehsil Municipal Administrations District Sargodha

    AUDIT REPORT ON THE ACCOUNTS OF TEHSIL MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONS DISTRICT SARGODHA AUDIT YEAR 2015-16 AUDITOR GENERAL OF PAKISTAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ..................................................... i PREFACE .............................................................................................. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................... iii SUMMARY TABLES AND CHARTS................................................ vii Table 1: Audit Work Statistics ............................................................... vii Table 2: Audit Observations regarding Financial Management ............... vii Table 3: Outcome Statistics ................................................................... viii Table 4: Irregularities Pointed Out ........................................................ viii Table 5: Cost-Benefit ............................................................................ viii CHAPTER-1 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 TEHSIL MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONS, DISTRICT SARGODHA .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Comments on Budget and Accounts (Variance Analysis).............. 2 1.1.3 Brief Comments on the Status of Compliance on MFDAC Paras of Audit Year 2014-15 .....................................................................
  • International Journal of Modern Pharmaceutical

    International Journal of Modern Pharmaceutical

    IJMPR 2021, 5(4), 39-46 ISSN: 2319-5878 IJMPR Amandeep et al. International Journal International of Journal Modern of Modern Pharmaceutical Research 39 Review Article Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor: 5.273 www.ijmpronline.com REVIEW ARTICLE ON MANILKARA HEXANDRA (KHIRNI) Amandeep Kaur* and Dr. Naresh Singh Gill Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra. Received on: 25/05/2021 ABSTRACT Revised on: 15/06/2021 Manilkara hexandra commonly known as Rayan and Khirni is an evergreen tree Accepted on: 05/07/2021 species with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in South Asia chiefly in western and central India, belongs to family Sapotaceae. The genus Manilkara includes *Corresponding Author 135 plants that are distributed Worldwide. Sapotaceae family consists of 58 genus and Amandeep Kaur just about 1250 species with morphological variation, ranging from shrubs to medium and giant trees. Brazil comprises of 11 genera, and 231 species, covering 1 endemic Department of genus, and 104 endemic species. The plant has been famous for its curative properties Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and has been put to use for treatment of various ailments suchlike ulcer, bronchitis, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, jaundice, fever, hyper dyspepsia, arthritis and alimentary disorders. A record of the Railmajra. literature show extracts and metabolites from this plant having pharmacological properties such as anti–inflammatory, antiulcer, aphrodisiac, alexipharmic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and free radical scavenging activity. Apart from medicinal uses, plant has high scale value because of its edible and nutritive fruit, useful wood, latex and bark and contributes substantial livelihood support to local inhabitants. KEYWORDS: Khirni, Manilkara hexandra, Sapotaceae, Rayan, Pharmacological properties.