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Spirulina Platensis Türünün Bakir, Kadmiyum Ve Toksisite

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Spirulina Platensis Türünün Bakir, Kadmiyum Ve Toksisite T.C. NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DALAMAN ÇAYI HAVZASINDA DAĞILIM GÖSTEREN Cobitis (Teleostei: Cobitidae) TÜRLERİNİN MORFOMETRİK ANALİZİ Tezi Hazırlayan Burak SEÇER Tezi Yöneten Prof. Dr. Erdoğan ÇİÇEK Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ocak 2018 NEVŞEHİR T.C. NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DALAMAN ÇAYI HAVZASINDA DAĞILIM GÖSTEREN Cobitis (Teleostei: Cobitidae) TÜRLERİNİN MORFOMETRİK ANALİZİ Tezi Hazırlayan Burak SEÇER Tezi Yöneten Prof. Dr. Erdoğan ÇİÇEK Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ocak 2018 NEVŞEHİR TEŞEKKÜR Yüksek lisans öğrenimim ve tez çalışmam süresince bilgilerini benimle paylaşmaktan kaçınmayan, her türlü konuda desteğini benden esirgemeyen ve güler yüzünü hiç eksik etmeyen değerli danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Erdoğan ÇİÇEK’e, Tez çalışmam süresince her türlü konuda desteğini benden esirgemeyen Yard. Doç. Dr. Sevil BİRECİKLİGİL’e, Arazi çalışmalarım sırasında yardımlarından dolayı Dr. Sadi AKSU, Muhammed KELLECİ, Elçin KEŞİR ve Selda ÖZTÜRK’e, Tez çalışmam sırasında maddi ve manevi olarak her zaman desteklerini hissettiren arkadaşlarım Ersin DOĞRU, Mustafa GÜLEÇ, Burak SAĞLAMDİN’e minnettarlığımı sunarım. Teknik ve idari yardımlarından dolayı Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Fen- Edebiyat Fakültesi Dekanlığına, Biyoloji Bölüm Başkanlığı’na ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü’ne teşekkür ederim. iii Dalaman Çayı Havzasında Dağılım Gösteren Cobitis (Teleostei: Cobitidae) Türlerinin Morfometrik Analizi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Burak SEÇER NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ Ocak 2018 ÖZET Çalışma 2014 Haziran-2017 Temmuz tarihlerinde Batı Akdeniz Havzasında yer alan Dalaman Çayı Havzasındaki Cobitis türlerinin belirlenmesi, daha önce alandan bildirilen türlerin yeniden değerlendirilmesi, türlerin dağılım alanlarının belirlenmesi, türlerin morfometrik ve meristik karakterlerinin kıyaslanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanında Cobitis dorademiri, Cobitis battalgili ve Cobitis sp. olmak üzere 3 tür tespit edilmiştir. Dalaman Çayında C. dorademiri ile Cobitis sp. türleri, Gölhisar Gölünde C. battalgili, Namnam çayında ise C. dorademiri türünün dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Literatür çalışmalarında bölgede dağılım gösterdiği bildirilen C. simplicispina, C. turcica, C. vardarensis ve C. taenia türlerinin bölgede dağılım göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Batı Akdeniz Havzası, Dalaman Çayı, Gölhisar Gölü, Namnam Çayı Tez Danışman: Prof. Dr. Erdoğan ÇİÇEK Sayfa Adedi: 39 iv Morphometric Analysis of Cobitis (Teleostei: Cobitidae) Species Distribution in Dalaman River Basin (M. Sc. Thesis) Burak SEÇER NEVŞEHIR HACI BEKTAŞ VELI UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES January 2018 ABSTRACT The study was carried out to determine the distribution areas and morphometric and meristic characters of the Cobitis species in the Dalaman Stream, Western Mediterranean Basin at June 2014-July 2017. A total of three species which are named Cobitis dorademiri, Cobitis battalgili and Cobitis sp. determinated in research area. Cobitis dorademiri sampled from in Dalaman and Namnam Streams, C. battalgili in Gölhisar Lake and Cobitis sp. in Dalaman Stream. On the other hand the species which are C. simplicispina, C. turcica, C. vardarensis and C. taenia reported in previous studies in the study area. It is determined that these species not distributed in this area. Keywords: Western Mediterranian Basin, Dalaman Stream, Gölhisar Lake, Namnam Stream Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Erdoğan ÇİÇEK Page Number: 39 v İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY .............................................................................................. i TEZ BİLDİRİM SAYFASI .................................................................................. ii TEŞEKKÜR .......................................................................................................... iii ÖZET..................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... v İÇİNDEKİLER ..................................................................................................... vi TABLOLAR LİSTESİ .......................................................................................... viii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ............................................................................................ ix SİMGE VE KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ ............................................................... x 1. BÖLÜM GİRİŞ .................................................................................................................... 1 2. BÖLÜM ÖNCEKİ ÇALIŞMALAR ..................................................................................... 4 3. BÖLÜM MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ................................................................................ 8 3.1. Çalışma Sahası ............................................................................................... 8 3.2. Materyal ......................................................................................................... 10 3.3. Laboratuvar Çalışmaları ................................................................................. 14 3.4. Morfometrik ve Meristik Özellikler ............................................................... 14 3.5. Doğrusal Ayırıcılar Yöntemi (DAY) (Linear Discriminant Analysis) .......... 16 4. BÖLÜM BULGULAR VE TARTIŞMA ............................................................................. 17 4.1. Cobitis dorademiri ............................................................................................ 17 4.2. Cobitis battalgili ............................................................................................ 23 vi 4.3. Cobitis sp. ....................................................................................................... 25 5. BÖLÜM SONUÇLAR VE ÖNERİLER .............................................................................. 32 KAYNAKLAR ..................................................................................................... 34 ÖZGEÇMİŞ .......................................................................................................... 39 vii TABLOLAR LİSTESİ Tablo 3.1. Örnekleme tarihleri ve örnekleme istasyonlarına ait bilgiler .................... 10 Tablo 3.2. Ölçümü yapılmış olan morfometrik ve meristik karakterler .................... 15 Tablo 4.1. Cobitis cinsine ait türlerin tespit edildiği istasyonlar ................................ 17 Tablo 4.2. Dalaman Çayı istasyonuna ait morfometrik ve meristik veriler (C. dorademiri)................................................................................................ 21 Tablo 4.3. Köyceğiz/Namnam Çayı istasyonuna ait morfometrik meristik veriler (C. dorademiri) .............................................................................. 22 Tablo 4.4. Gölhisar Gölü istasyonuna ait morfometrik ve meristik veriler (Cobitis battalgili) ..................................................................................... 25 Tablo 4.5. Gölhisar/Çavdır Çayı istasyonuna ait morfometrik ver meristik veriler (Cobitis sp.) .................................................................................... 29 Tablo 4.6. Dalaman Çayı istasyonuna ait morfometrik ve meristik veriler (Cobitis sp.) ............................................................................................... 30 viii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ Şekil 3.1. Dalaman Çayı Havzasını ve örnekleme istasyonlarını gösterir harita. ........ 8 Şekil 3.2. Namnam Çayı istasyonuna ait fotoğraf........................................................ 11 Şekil 3.3. Dalaman Çayı istasyona ait fotoğraf ............................................................ 12 Şekil 3.4. Dalaman Çayı istasyona ait fotoğraf ............................................................ 12 Şekil 3.5. Çavdır Çayı istasyona ait fotoğraf ............................................................... 13 Şekil 3.6. Gölhisar Gölü istasyona ait fotoğraf ............................................................ 13 Şekil 4.1. Cobitis dorademiri ....................................................................................... 19 Şekil 4.2. Cobitis battalgili. ......................................................................................... 24 Şekil 4.3. Cobitis sp. .................................................................................................... 27 Şekil 4.4. Batı Akdeniz Havzasına ait istasyonların LDA analizi ............................... 31 ix SİMGE VE KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources= Doğa ve Doğal Kaynakların Korunması için Uluslararası Birlik n : Birey sayısı cm : Santimetre g : Gram mm : Milimetre ÇŞB : Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı ÇTÜE : Çevre ve Temiz Üretim Enstitüsü TB : Total boy (cm) ÇB : Çatal boy (cm) SB : Standart boy (cm) LDA : Doğrusal Ayrıcılar Yöntemi km : Kilometre km2 : Kilometre kare D : Dorsal yüzgeç ışın sayısı A : Anal yüzgeç ışın sayısı P : Pektoral yüzgeç ışın sayısı Pe : Ventral yüzgeç ışın sayısı K : Kuyruk yüzgeç ışın sayısı x BÖLÜM 1 GİRİŞ Türkiye, Avrupa ve Orta Doğunun en zengin biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip ülkelerinin başında gelmektedir. Türkiye, coğrafi yapısı nedeniyle farklı iklim, flora ve fauna özelliklerine sahip alanlar ihtiva ettiğinden, bu farklılık yüksek endemizm ve genetik çeşitliliği de beraberinde getirmektedir
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