DOCSLIB.ORG

SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN Synopsis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN Synopsis SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN Color 14 minutes 43 seconds Produced by the National Film Board of Canada Suggested Uses : History classes in Grades 6 to 10. Synopsis The film traces the life of Champlain from his first use of the explorer's own words, drawn from his book, journey to Canada in 1603 to his death in Quebec in The Travels of Samuel de Champlain. Here is a cine- 1635. By a judicious use of original artwork, inter- matic glimpse into Canada's past which clearly reveals spersed with camera shots of the actual areas visited, why Champlain richly deserves to be called the this vital part of early Canadian history is vividly "Father of New France". recreated. This sense of realism is heightened by the Concepts Major Concepts: Samuel de Champlain was simple, straight-forward and devout. He had the immense curiosity, the tenacity and the endurance of the born explorer and colonizer. From the beginning he showed an almost intuitive grasp of the basic problem involved in the founding of French power in the valley of the St. Lawrence. His explorations into the interior, and his determination to establish permanent settlement at Quebec, give to him a position of major importance in the early history of New France. Supporting Concepts: Champlain, an observer and geographer, made his first voyage Champlain turned to his work as a geographer. He sailed up the to the New World on one of the fishing boats that had been St. Lawrence past the Montmorency Falls and finally reached coming to Canada since the time of Jacques Cartier. the site of Quebec. He met the Montagnais and Algonquin Indians at Tadoussac, a Later he arrived at the Indian village of Hochelaga on the center of the fur trade on the St. Lawrence River. Island of Montreal. An alliance was arranged between these tribes and the King of Champlain, as others before him, sought a passage to the West- France. ern Sea. He thought that beyond the Lachine Rapids lay such a passage. see over He ended his first voyage at this point and returned to France During the winter he studied Indian ways, observing their to publicize his findings. dress, dances and great hunting expeditions. Back in Canada in 1608, he built his Habitation at Quebec. By now, in the second part of his book, The Travels of Samuel de Champlain, he was able to describe quite accurately the The first winter was a nightmare; only eight survived out of general topography of Quebec. twenty-eight. In 1620 Champlain undertook the construction of Fort Diamant, In the spring, relations were re-established with the Algonquins overlooking the Habitation and the river. and Montagnais. However, colonists whom Champlain had encouraged soon Champlain needed the Indians to support his program of ex- realized that their interests were very secondary to those of the ploration, but they accepted him for military reasons, to make fur merchants. war on their enemies, the Iroquois. A life harsh and filled with pain was of so little interest to In 1609 Champlain successfully demonstrated his secret weapon, France, that by 1624 the colony at Quebec consisted of fewer the arquebus, a primitive, noisy fire-arm. It had the desired than sixty people. result; the Iroquois turned and fled. In 1627 the colony received a new lease on life when the Com- Champlain continued his explorations. In 1613 he pressed up the pany of the Hundred Associates was founded to put into effect Ottawa River as far as Allumette Island. In 1615 he followed the Champlain's colonial program. canoe route of the Ottawa to Lake Huron and wintered with the Huron Indians on Georgian Bay. In 1629 Quebec was surrended to the English; in 1632 it was returned. Persuaded to assist the Hurons in their war against the Iroquois, Champlain attacked the main fortress of the Onondago, south A fatal illness struck Champlain in October 1635; on Christmas of Lake Ontario. Day of that year he died. This time the attack was bungled and the Iroquois did not run. To Champlain must go a major part of the credit for the Champlain, wounded, was carried north to Cahiaque. survival of the French colony at Quebec. The title, Father of New France, is one he richly deserves. Suggested Class Preparation Introduction : Directive Questions: The use of this film should grow naturally out of the study of 1. Why did Champlain come to the New World? the early Canadian explorers. A picture of Champlain or his Habitation at Quebec would serve as an effective focus for 2. Why was Tadoussac important? class attention. Although his explorations are quite important, 3. Why did Champlain need an alliance with the Algonquins and particular attention should be given to his work as a colonizer. the Montagnais? Why did they want an alliance with him? 4. What occurred on the journey up the Richelieu River? 5. What did Champlain write about in his book? Words That May Cause Difficulty: 6. What happened at Champlain's second battle with the Iroquois iilln 1615.LUXU ?: envoy Montagnais disposition Tadoussac Algonquins scurvy 7. What difficulties did the colonists face at Quebec? 8. How did the French lose Quebec in 1629? How did they regain it in 1632? ordeal arquebus skirmish livres •, What title has Champlain been given? Suggested Follow-up Activities 1. Take up and discuss the directive questions. 4. Could Champlain have avoided a military alliance with the Al- gonquins? Discuss the long-range implications of this decision. 2. Prepare a map showing the route of Champlain's main explorations. 5. Outline the views of the fur traders, the missionaries, and Champlain, on the purposes of New France. 3. Discuss the relationship of the fur trade to the difficulties at Quebec. 6. Do you think Champlain merits the title, Father of New France? Distribution Branch National Film Board of Canada P.O. Box 6100, Montreal 3, Que. Printed in Canada.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Samuel De Champlain April 1882 Information About Samuel De
    For Educational Use Only www.MaineMemory.net Copyright 2018 Samuel de Champlain April 1882 A.A. Waterman, Cambridge Information about Samuel de Champlain Compiled/Written 1882 Contributed to Maine Memory Network by Mount Desert Island Historical Society MMN # 102778 Date: 1882 Description: Champlain Society log, Information about Samuel de Champlain, Cambridge References are to Otis’s translation. Prince Society’s Edition of Champlain’s works. Read by C.E. to Champlain Society, May 19, 1882 Samuel de Champlain On Christmas day 1635, [about a year before the foundation of Harvard College,] Samuel de Champlain, sol dier, explorer and first Governor of New France, died in the fort of Que- bec. The trading post which he had established twenty-three years before had become a mission house, and a black-robed Jesuit pronounced his funeral discourse. Champlain was born in a sea-coast town near La Rochelle about 1567, - in the middle of the religious wars. At the age of twenty-five, he was made quarter master in the army of Henry IV, and he served with distinction in Brittany until the close of the war against the League. The soldier’s life, however, was not his choice. In a letter addressed to the Queen Regent he says of the art of navigation, “This is the art which from my earliest years has won my love and induced me to expose myself all my life to the impetuous waves of the ocean.” An irresistible love of ad- venture and discovery was one of his most striking characteristics. It was this that led him to conceive the wild scheme of a voyage to the Spanish West Indies and Mexico, at a time when all but Spaniards were excluded from those countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Dams and Reservoirs in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin
    JUST THE FACTS SERIES June 2019 DAMS AND RESERVOIRS IN THE LAKE CHAMPLAIN RICHELIEU RIVER BASIN MYTH Water released from tributary dams in the United States causes flooding in Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River. FACT Water levels in Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River Generally, mass releases of water from flood control are primarily affected by precipitation from rain or dams are avoided. In addition to compromising the snowmelt. structural integrity of the dams, mass releases would also endanger the very communities that these dams are built Because of its size, Lake Champlain can store a lot of to protect. water; the flood control dams and reservoirs in the basin, which are very small in comparison to the lake, do not When conditions force the release of more water than significantly change water levels of the lake and river as hydropower plants can handle, the increase in water they release water. levels immediately below the dam will be much greater than the increase on Lake Champlain. This is true even during high water and flooding events. Consider, for instance, when Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River experienced extreme flooding between April and June 2011, the additional releases flowing from Waterbury Reservoir—the largest flood control reservoir in the Vermont portion of the basin, contributed less than 2 centimetres (¾ inch) to the elevation of Lake Champlain and the upper Richelieu River. International Lake Champlain-Richelieu River Study Board FACT FACT Dams in the US portion of the basin are built for one of Waterbury Reservoir in Vermont is the largest reservoir two purposes: flood control or hydroelectric power.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacques Cartier Did Find a Passage and Gathered a Great Deal of Information About the Resources, Land and People of North America
    SOCIAL 7 CHAPTER 2 Name________________________ THE FRENCH IN NORTH AMERCIA Read pages 30-35 and answer the following questions 1. Colony is a ___________________________________________ that is controlled by another country. The earliest colonists in Canada came from _______________________. (2) 2. Empires are _______________________ of ________________________ controlled by a single country, sometimes called the Home Country. (2) 3. Define Imperialism (1) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Please copy the diagram of Imperialism from pg. 31. (9) 4. Why did the imperial countries of Europe want to expand their empires to North America? Please explain each reason. (8) 1._______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2._______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3._______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4._______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • The Mapping of Samuel De Champlain, 1603–1635 Conrad E
    51 • The Mapping of Samuel de Champlain, 1603–1635 Conrad E. Heidenreich The cartography of Samuel de Champlain marks the be- roster of 1595 he was listed as a fourier (sergeant) and aide ginning of the detailed mapping of the Atlantic coast north to the maréchal de logis (quartermaster), apparently of Nantucket Sound, into the St. Lawrence River valley, reaching the rank of maréchal himself.4 The same pay ros- and, in a more cursory fashion, to the eastern Great Lakes. ter states that in 1595 he went on a secret mission for the Previous maps were based on rapid ship-board reconnais- king that was regarded to be of some importance. He also sance surveys made in the early to middle sixteenth cen- made a “special report” to Henri IV after his West Indian tury, particularly on the expeditions of Jacques Cartier and voyage (1601) and after the first two voyages to Canada Jean-François de La Rocque, sieur de Roberval (1534 – (1603 and 1607). These reports seem to indicate that 43). These maps conveyed little more than the presence of Champlain had a personal relationship with Henri IV, a stylized coastline. The immediate result of the Cartier- probably accounting for the pension the king awarded him Roberval expeditions was that France lost interest in sometime before 1603.5 After the war, Champlain joined North America, except for fishing off the northeast coast. his uncle’s ship, the 500-tun Saint-Julien, in Spanish The indigenous population was considered impoverished Caribbean service.6 In June 1601, Champlain was in and hostile, there were no quick riches, and the winters Cádiz where he was a witness to his dying uncle’s testa- were so brutal that the French wondered whether Euro- ment leaving him a large estate near La Rochelle as well as peans could live there.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex VIII Casestudy0304 Ch
    IEA Hydropower Implementing Agreement Annex VIII Hydropower Good Practices: Environmental Mitigation Measures and Benefits Case study 03-04: Fish Migration and River Navigation - Chambly Dam, Canada Key Issues: 3- Fish Migration and River Navigation Climate Zone: Cf: Temperate Subjects: - Fishway Effects: - Allow upstream migration of juvenile American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) Project Name: Chambly Dam Country: Canada Implementing Party & Period - Project: Hydro-Québec 1965 - Good Practice: Hydro-Québec 1997 Key Words: American eel, ladder, fish migration, Chambly Dam Abstract: For 150 years, the Richelieu River (Québec, Canada) supported a sizable commercial silver American eel fishery. A sharp and constant decline of annual landings since 1981 has been at least partly related to the rebuilding, in 1965, of an old cribwork. In 1997, a ladder was retrofitted on the 270-m Chambly Dam to allow eel migration and enhance recruitment. 1. Outline of the Project Chambly Dam is located on the Richelieu River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence near Montréal (Québec, Canada). It is a 270-m-long concrete overflow weir and the water head is approximately 5 m. It was built in 1965 to replace an old cribwork dam that was constructed in 1896. 2. Features of the Project Area The Richelieu River drains Lake Champlain, a large lake bordering New York and Vermont states (USA) and extending into Québec. Lake Champlain is connected to the Hudson River and to the Great Lakes by a network of locks and canals. The Richelieu River extends for 115 km between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River. Figure 1 Location Map of the project From June to September, the average discharge is 271 m3/s (1937-1996) or about 3.5% of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heritage Gazette of the Trent Valley Volume 19, Number 4, February 2015
    1 Heritage Gazette of the Trent Valley, vol 19, no 4 february 2015 ISSN 1206-4394 The heriTage gazeTTe of The TrenT Valley Volume 19, number 4, february 2015 President’s Corner: ….…………………………….…….…………..…………………..……… Guy Thompson 2 Samuel de Champlain and the Portage Road in 1615 …………………………………………… R. B. Fleming 3 Samuel de Champlain and the Portage Road in 1615, footnotes ………………………………… R. B. Fleming 43 Lieutenant Harold S. Matthews: Reflections on a family photo album …………………….… Elwood H. Jones 7 Mabel Nichols’ Science Note Book ……………………………………………..………………….. John Marsh 11 Thomas Morrow in World War I: Part 3 …………………………………………… Memoirs, Thomas Morrow 14 Hazelbrae Barnardo Home Memorial 1913 ………………………………………… Ivy Sucee and John Sayers 27 John Boyko and How Canada Fought the American Civil War ……………………………... Michael Peterman 30 World War I Nursing Sisters: Old Durham County ………………………...………………… Elwood H. Jones 32 Queries …………………………………………….………………… Heather Aiton Landry and Elwood Jones 33 Old Stone House, Hunter and Rubidge, 31; Peterborough’s Earliest Photographer? 33; PCVS Class 9-1 1943-44; A New Pulpit at St. John’s Anglican Church Peterborough 34; Wall Street or Bust (with Dianne Tedford) 35; Peter Lemoire, 36; The Market Hall 1913 37; P. G. Towns and the “Canadian Grocer”, 38; Trent Valley Archives Even new buildings are haunted: Trent Valley Archives downtown ghost walk October 2014 ( Jessica Nyznik) 36; Around Trent Valley Archives 31; Events 2015 29 Coming Events There and Back Again: Searching for Peterborough’s Irish Roots, February 17 …..…. Ruth Kuchinad 37 Workshop on Upper Canada & Canada West Research …………………………………..OGS Toronto 38 Books Entangled Roots, Bev Lundahl …………………..……………….. Keith Foster 39 and inside back cover Cornelius Crowley of Otonabee and His Descendants, Colum Diamond ……………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • 17 Major Drainage Basins
    HUC 8 HYDROLOGIC UNIT NAME CLINTON 04120101 Chautauqua-Conneaut FRANKLIN 04150409 CHAMPLAIN MASSENA FORT COVINGTON MOOERS ST LAWRENCE CLINTON 04120102 Cattaraugus BOMBAY WESTVILLE CONSTABLE CHATEAUGAY NYS Counties & BURKE LOUISVILLE 04120103 Buffalo-Eighteenmile BRASHER 04150308 CHAZY ALTONA ELLENBURG BANGOR WADDINGTON NORFOLK MOIRA 04120104 Niagara ESSEX MALONE DEC Regions JEFFERSON 6 04150307 BEEKMANTOWN MADRID 05010001 Upper Allegheny LAWRENCE BELLMONT STOCKHOLM DANNEMORA BRANDON DICKINSON PLATTSBURGH LEWIS OGDENSBURG CITY LISBON 05010002 Conewango 5 PLATTSBURGH CITY HAMILTON POTSDAM SCHUYLER FALLS SARANAC 05010004 French WARREN OSWEGATCHIE DUANE OSWEGO 04150306 PERU 04130001 Oak Orchard-Twelvemile CANTON PARISHVILLE ORLEANS WASHINGTON NIAGARA DE PEYSTER ONEIDA MORRISTOWN HOPKINTON WAVERLY PIERREPONT FRANKLIN 04140101 Irondequoit-Ninemile AUSABLE MONROE WAYNE BLACK BROOK FULTON SARATOGA DEKALB HERKIMER BRIGHTON GENESEE SANTA CLARA CHESTERFIELD 04140102 Salmon-Sandy ONONDAGA NYS Major 04150406 MACOMB 04150304 HAMMOND ONTARIO MADISON MONTGOMERY RUSSELL 04150102 Chaumont-Perch ERIE SENECA CAYUGA SCHENECTADY HERMON WILLSBORO ST ARMAND WILMINGTON JAY WYOMING GOUVERNEUR RENSSELAER ALEXANDRIA CLARE LIVINGSTON YATES 04130002 Upper Genesee OTSEGO ROSSIE COLTON CORTLAND ALBANY ORLEANS 04150301 04150404 SCHOHARIE ALEXANDRIA LEWIS 7 EDWARDS 04150408 CHENANGO FOWLER ESSEX 04130003 Lower Genesee 8 TOMPKINS CLAYTON SCHUYLER 9 4 THERESA 04150302 TUPPER LAKE HARRIETSTOWN NORTH ELBA CHAUTAUQUA CATTARAUGUS PIERCEFIELD 02050104 Tioga ALLEGANY STEUBEN
    [Show full text]
  • Thanksgiving Trivia Questions and Answers From: Conversationstartersworld.Com/Thanksgiving-Trivia-Questions
    Thanksgiving trivia questions and answers From: conversationstartersworld.com/thanksgiving-trivia-questions There are many countries and cultures that have a Thanksgiving holiday or celebrations based around giving thanks. But this set of trivia questions will focus mostly on Thanksgiving in the United States. Although there is a section at the end for trivia about Thanksgiving celebrations around the world. History of Thanksgiving in the USA What year was the celebration that is most commonly attributed as the first Thanksgiving? 1621 This is the celebration that people most often talk about when they are talking about the “first” Thanksgiving. But there are others that are claimed to be the first Thanksgiving. There was another celebration in Plymouth in 1623 and one in Boston in 1631 that people claim was the actual first Thanksgiving. In reality there were lots of Thanksgiving celebrations in North America before 1621 as well because days of Thanksgiving were often celebrated after good events that were deemed to have the hand of God behind them. How long did the first Thanksgiving celebration last? 3 Days It was celebrated much earlier than our current celebration, possibly in late September. There were about 50 European settlers and around 90 native Americans who attended the 3-day feast. When the religious group that would later be known as the Pilgrims left England to practice their religion freely, where did they go? Leiden, Holland Unlike the Puritans, the Pilgrims believed that they couldn’t practice their religion within the English state church. This led to fines and sometimes imprisonment. To escape persecution, they fled to Leiden, Holland.
    [Show full text]
  • Massasoit of The
    OUSAMEQUIN “YELLOW FEATHER” — THE MASSASOIT OF THE 1 WAMPANOAG (THOSE OF THE DAWN) “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY 1. Massasoit is not a personal name but a title, translating roughly as “The Shahanshah.” Like most native American men of the period, he had a number of personal names. Among these were Ousamequin or “Yellow Feather,” and Wasamegin. He was not only the sachem of the Pokanoket of the Mount Hope peninsula of Narragansett Bay, now Bristol and nearby Warren, Rhode Island, but also the grand sachem or Massasoit of the entire Wampanoag people. The other seven Wampanoag sagamores had all made their submissions to him, so that his influence extended to all the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay, all of Cape Cod, Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, and the Elizabeth islands. His subordinates led the peoples of what is now Middleboro (the Nemasket), the peoples of what is now Tiverton (the Pocasset), and the peoples of what is now Little Compton (the Sakonnet). The other side of the Narragansett Bay was controlled by Narragansett sachems. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE MASSASOIT OUSAMEQUIN “YELLOW FEATHER” 1565 It would have been at about this point that Canonicus would have been born, the 1st son of the union of the son and daughter of the Narragansett headman Tashtassuck. Such a birth in that culture was considered auspicious, so we may anticipate that this infant will grow up to be a Very Important Person. Canonicus’s principle place of residence was on an island near the present Cocumcussoc of Jamestown and Wickford, Rhode Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Waters of Vermont
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 424 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT BY C. H. PIERCE Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF VERMONT WASHINGTON GOVEENMENT PBINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BK PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Introduction.............................................................. 5 Cooperation................................................................ 8 Division of work.......................................................... 8 Definition of terms......................................................... 9 Explanation of data........................................................ 9 Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 11 Gaging stations maintained in Vermont..................................... 12 St. Lawrence River basin................................................. 13 Lake Champlain drainage basin......................................... 13 General features................................................... 13 Gaging-station records.............................................. 14 Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.............................. 14 Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec.1................................................. 20 Poultney Eiver near Fair Haven, Vt............................ 25 Otter Creek at Middlebury,
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Handbook and Tourist's Guide
    3 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAICN IN MEMORY OF STEWART S. HOWE JOURNALISM CLASS OF 1928 STEWART S. HOWE FOUNDATION 917.1 Smlc 1867 cop. H. T.H>ii Old Trapper, v. Photo, : THE CANADIAN HANDBOOK AND Tourists Guide GIVING A DESCRIPTION OF CANADIAN LAKE AND RIVER SCENERY AND PLACES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST WITH THE BEST SPOTS FOR Fishing and Shooting. MONTREAL Published by M. Longmoore & Co., Printing House, 6y Great St. James Street, - 1867. Entered according to the Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, by John Taylor, in the Office of the Kegistrar of the Province of Canada. 1 /?./ • . / % . THE CANADIAN HANDBOOK AND TOURIST'S GUIDE. INTRODUCTION. The Nooks and Corners of Canada, and. more especially of the Lower Province, in addition to the interest they awaken as important sources of Commercial and Agricultural wealth, are invested with no ordinary attraction for the Naturalist, the Antiquary, the Historian, and the Tourist in quest of pleasure or of health. We have often wondered why more of the venturesome spirits amongst our transatlantic friends do not tear themselves away, even for a few months, from London fogs, to visit our distant but more favoured clime. How is it that so few, comparatively speaking, come to enjoy the bracing air and bright summer skies of Canada ? With what zest could the enterprising or eccentric among them undertake a ramble, with rod and gun in hand, from Niagara to Labrador, over the Laurentian Chain of Moun- tains, choosing as rallying points, whereat to compare notes, the summit of Cape Eternity in the Saguenay district, and 6 Introduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Wampanoag, Tribespeople “Of the Dawn”
    THE WAMPANOAG, TRIBESPEOPLE “OF THE DAWN” “Ye see, Hinnissy, th’ Indyun is bound f’r to give way to th’ onward march iv white civilization. You ’an me, Hinnissy, is th’ white civilization... The’ on’y hope f’r th’ Indyun is to put his house on rollers, an’ keep a team hitched to it, an’, whin he sees a white man, to start f’r th’ settin’ sun.” — Finley Peter Dunne, OBSERVATIONS BY MR. DOOLEY, New York, 1902 HDT WHAT? INDEX WAMPANOAG WAMPANOAG When the English settlements first commenced in New England, that part of its territory, which lies south of New Hampshire, was inhabited by five principal nations of Indians: the Pequots, who lived in Connecticut; the Narragansets, in Rhode Island; the Pawkunnawkuts, or Womponoags, east of the Narragansets and to the north as far as Charles river;1 the Massachusetts, north of Charles river and west of Massachusetts Bay; and the Pawtuckets, north of the Massachusetts. The boundaries and rights of these nations appear not to have been sufficiently definite to be now clearly known. They had within their jurisdiction many subordinate tribes, governed by sachems, or sagamores, subject, in some respects, to the principal sachem. At the commencement of the seventeenth century, they were able to bring into the field more than 18,000 warriors; but about the year 1612, they were visited with a pestilential disease, whose horrible ravages reduced their number to about 1800.2 Some of their villages were entirely depopulated. This great mortality was viewed by the first Pilgrims, as the accomplishment of one of the purposes of Divine Providence, by making room for the settlement of civilized man, and by preparing a peaceful asylum for the persecuted Christians of the old world.
    [Show full text]