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Plenary Lectures of the 1St Congress

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Plenary Lectures of the 1St Congress 1 Plenary lectures of the 1st Congress Budo in transition – the challenge of the third millennium .................................................. 2 Stanisław Tokarski ................................................................................................................ 2 The meaning and rule of budo (the martial arts) in japanese school ................................. 8 Taketo Sasaki ........................................................................................................................ 8 The experience of the scientific basing of the time resources for military men training in hand-to-hand fighting .............................................................................................................. 9 S.M. Ashkinazi ...................................................................................................................... 9 A biomechanical analysis of level C wushu difficulty jumps .............................................. 12 Zhu Dong1, Huang Cheng2 ................................................................................................. 12 Educational effects of Martial Arts? ..................................................................................... 14 Matthias von Saldern ........................................................................................................... 14 Assumptions and objectives of the combat sports propedeutics ........................................ 15 Roman Maciej Kalina1, Władysław Jagiełło2, Artur Kruszewski3 ..................................... 15 Mission and assignments of the University Centre for Combat Sports and Martial Arts (UCCSMA) .............................................................................................................................. 19 Andrzej Parzęcki1, Waldemar Sikorski2, Roman M. Kalina3, Kazimierz Obodyński3 ..... 19 The term of “opponent’s feeling”, its structure, conditions and development in opinion of advanced competitors selected Combat Sports and Martial Arts ................................. 23 Włodzimierz Starosta ........................................................................................................... 23 Diagnosing sports preparedness of ultimate fighters .......................................................... 25 Dragan Milanović, Igor Jukić, Sanja Šimek, Daniel Bok .................................................... 25 Sport activities (karate, tai chi) in orthopedic treatment of harmful posture and so- called idiopathic scoliosis ........................................................................................................ 27 Tomasz Karski, Jarosław Kałakucki, Jacek Karski, Grzegorz Kandzierski ........................ 27 The change of pelvis placement at children under influence of aikido exercises .............. 30 Mroczkowski Andrzej1, Jaskólski Ewaryst2. ...................................................................... 30 Influence of training experience on the technical and tactical schooling and the level of achievements of kick boxers ................................................................................................... 32 Stanisław Sterkowicz, Grzegorz Lech, Wojciech Rukasz, Grzegorz Denenfeld ................. 32 The influence of chosen factors on athletes’ competition results in different stages of training – exemplified by fencing .......................................................................................... 34 Zbigniew Czajkowski ........................................................................................................... 34 Sociology of Far Eastern martial arts – problems and perspectives .................................. 35 Wojciech J. Cynarski, Kazimierz Obodyński ...................................................................... 35 2 Budo in transition – the challenge of the third millennium Stanisław Tokarski Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Academy of Humanities, Łódz, Poland In the beginning of 1989 several scholars launched the idea to organize in Poland the International Congress On Judo Sciences. That important event happened to be truly integrative platform combining divergent researches on the transition of this combat sport, the evolution of its values, techniques, methods of training, its changing rules, and the whole appearance of the discipline. This event has been planned as the encounter of theory and practice suitable for the Western and Eastern specialists. To make the perspective of debates comprehensive and holistic, the organizers invited the researchers, some former champions, the journalists, and coaches of judo. I had the honour to open the scientific part of the debates. The conference was followed by the collective work published the same year by the Institute of Sport (Warsaw) sponsoring this event. I had the honour to open the scientific debates in Spała. Today, after two decades, I have the chance to begin the debates of another important event, the Congress on Budo Science. At first, I would like to remind that the former deputy director of Institute of Sport and the most enthusiastic adherent of the idea the Spała Congress, Professor Waldemar Sikorski, has been among us here and took part in the preparation Congress of Budo Sciences. Between these two Congreses, many things happenned. The Polish scholars attended several important meetings dealing with martial arts and combat sports Comprehensive evaluation of the transition of the ways of Budo in the modern world became the main or topic of many scientific debates for a quarter of last century. The martial arts have also been lively present in some other gatherings dealing with the physical culture as the whole. I would like to mention the one in Rzeszów and Łańcut (2004). Many of us present here remember well the hospitality of Professor Obodyński. I also would like to remind several conferences dealing with combat sport organized by Professor Roman Maciej Kalina in Wrocław, Płock, and Warsaw. The hundred years of modern history of Budo have made me think: the time has come to write the collective, international, holistic, and comprehensive Encyclopaedia of Budo, Martial Arts and Combat Sports (see my article in the Yearly of The Academy of Physical Training. Warsaw 2004). To perform this aim, we have to find the right place and time. Maybe the following debates here will be the first step leading to the creation of scholarly, truly encyclopaedic, and holistic perspective. I is an emergency, The generation of the main actors of Budo appearance in the modern world is still alive. The tradition and transmission of ancient values, techniques of chivalry cherished in combat sports can be described directly, by the first pupils of Budo founders. They have been getting old with modern Budo sports. It seems that we have been witnessing, ton some eztend, the end of the cycle of the transformation of martial arts into the contemporary combat sports. The road of Budo to the West has come to the end. This important process of change, being the constitutive factor of transition in the global civilization, should be described and evaluated by the qualified and gifty historians, sport scholars, researchers, situating the process in a very comprehensive, 3 holistic perspective. In the meantime, we can celebrate one hundred years' anniversary of Budo thought and practice. Paradoxically, Budo is young and old. The history of modern martial arts and combat sports has begun about a hundried years ago. Born with formation of judo, modern Budo has grown up with expansion of Eastern knowledge of self-perfection in self-defense to the West. Its presence in the Olympic Games gave some Asian systems of fighting the status of the popular sport dsciplines trained everywhere in many countries. After a hundried years of wanderings the Budo is highly considered and valued in the world, just as the old man. At the same time, in Asian perspective, Budo is the young product of the Eastern background. It has been born from the encounters of very ancient Asiatic combat practices with the ideas of Western physical culture and sport. As many other products of ancient Asia, the martial arts had to face the challenge of the modern times. Situated in the global perspective they succeded to reapear in many modern contexts. In a way, we witness a kind of their re-naissance, the transformation of old combat traditions into the leading sports of Asia. Their way to the West created the new cultural fashions which could be dealt in the perspective of the cross-cultural dialogue. Seen in some wider perspective, the phenomenon of the international expansion of Budo consists a part of the process of the important multicultural encounters. It also has been a great interest for the scholars dealing with the problems of physical culture and sport. On another hand, it created the field to of new researches particularly interested to the scholars specialised in the human sciences. The Western world had to face it as a challenge: many dimensional impact of combat sports and martial arts has changed the modern civilization. In the aim to enter into the world of Budo practices , values, ideas, the Western scholars had to transcend the narrow and old fashioned European conscience, to develop the new approaches. The area of philosophy and ethics of combat sports became the area of confrontation and dialogue. The new situation has been described in wider perspective by the famous historian of religions, Professor Mircea Eliade: “Our
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