DOCSLIB.ORG

Aboriginal Peoples and the Network Society in Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aboriginal Peoples and the Network Society in Canada Digital Self-determination: Aboriginal Peoples and the Network Society in Canada by Rob McMahon M.J., University of British Columbia, 2005 B.A. (with distinction), University of Victoria, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology © Rob McMahon 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2013 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Rob McMahon Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: Digital self-determination: Aboriginal peoples and the network society in Canada Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Kathleen Cross Assistant Professor _____________________________ Dr. Peter A. Chow-White Senior Supervisor, Associate Professor _____________________________ Dr. Richard K. Smith Supervisor, Professor _____________________________ Dr. Robert A. Hackett Supervisor, Professor _____________________________ Dr. Eldon Yellowhorn Internal Examiner Associate Professor Archeology and First Nation Studies _____________________________ Dr. Lorna Roth External Examiner Professor Communication Studies, Concordia Date Defended/Approved: May 31, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Ethics Statement The author, whose name appears on the title page of this work, has obtained, for the research described in this work, either: a. human research ethics approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics, or b. advance approval of the animal care protocol from the University Animal Care Committee of Simon Fraser University; or has conducted the research c. as a co-investigator, collaborator or research assistant in a research project approved in advance, or d. as a member of a course approved in advance for minimal risk human research, by the Office of Research Ethics. A copy of the approval letter has been filed at the Theses Office of the University Library at the time of submission of this thesis or project. The original application for approval and letter of approval are filed with the relevant offices. Inquiries may be directed to those authorities. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada update Spring 2010 Abstract “Digital Self-Determination: Aboriginal peoples and the network society in Canada” Digital self-determination seeks to elaborate the links between networked digital infrastructure development and the autonomy and agency of indigenous peoples. It foregrounds how indigenous peoples are involved in the diffusion, construction, governance, and use of networked digital infrastructures. Importantly, it considers how these infrastructures are not only tools of emancipation, but can increase the surveillance and control of indigenous peoples by powerful state and corporate interests. They can also extend the historic and ongoing reality of the ‘offline’ economic, social, political, and cultural marginalization of indigenous peoples by colonial powers. However, to accept such negative effects at face value is to fall into the trap of the teleological fallacies of social and technical determinism. Instead, in this dissertation I argue that indigenous peoples can shape and use networked digital infrastructures to support their self-determination. These processes are often guided by a recognition of self-determination that is grounded in and emergent from diverse indigenous laws, customs, and institutions. This frames digital self-determination with reference to the long-term and ongoing work of indigenous peoples to shape their own community-based media organizations and endogenous development projects. My dissertation considers these issues as they articulate with several facets of digital self-determination. I ground my argument in empirical research on the Northern Indigenous Community Satellite Network (NICSN), a cooperative socio-technical network spanning the northern regions of three Canadian provinces: Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba. NICSN involves two First Nations Tribal Councils and a regional government that administers the Inuit territory of Nunavik. These partners collaborated to build and manage regional infrastructure in ways that reflect the needs of their constituent communities. I explore how these institutions are taking control and ownership of the infrastructures that enable their development and use of online iv applications. Moving beyond considerations of access, I frame these infrastructures as socially shaped platforms of agency that mediate relations between indigenous peoples and the global network society. They are the result of dynamic negotiations and struggles between political actors seeking to advance normative agendas. These activities play out in the formation of frameworks of subsidies and regulatory conditions that reflect attempts to decolonize state-based policies and institutions associated with networked digital infrastructure development. Finally, I end with a discussion of how indigenous peoples and governments are developing online applications, from social media to broadband-enabled health and education applications. Negotiating the requirements of existing jurisdictional and administrative structures, they are shaping these platforms into spaces of convergence that reflect their goals of self-determination. Throughout this dissertation, I situate my observations in broader political, economic, and cultural contexts to elaborate both the promise and the challenge of digital self- determination. KEYWORDS: Indigenous Peoples; Aboriginal Peoples; First Nations; Inuit; Self- Determination; Network Society; Community Development; Infrastructure; Broadband; Policy; Sociotechnical; Media; Communication; First Mile v Dedication To mom, dad, mormor, and the whole crew: this one’s for you vi Acknowledgements I begin by acknowledging that most of my research and writing took place in the territories of the Coast Salish peoples of B.C., and I give thanks for the opportunity to live and work here. Many people shaped this work, and I owe them all my thanks. I’ll begin with my committee, for their guidance through this constantly evolving project. Our discussions were instrumental in helping me articulate the ideas and argument expressed here. To my senior supervisor, Peter Chow-White, thanks for helping me see both the challenges and the potential of the emergent network society, and for your intellectual and professional coaching during the past few years. To Richard Smith, many thanks for your advice and encouragement, which served as the foundation upon which this work sits. Your enthusiasm and support for the First Mile and other projects fueled this journey. Much gratitude to Bob Hackett, whose breadth and depth of knowledge sparked many of the intellectual queries explored in these pages. To Lorna Roth and Eldon Yellowhorn, thank you for examining my work and providing constructive and detailed feedback. Lorna, I’m glad my dissertation saved you some money! Eldon, it’s always good to see you in the neighbourhood. To the NICSN partners – Brian Beaton, Dan Pellerin, Ashmede Asgarli, Stephen Ramchandar, Jean-Francois Dumoulin, and Joë Lance – your intellectual, financial and administrative support, not to mention your good humour, made this project possible. I wish you the best, and hope this work accurately reflects your efforts over the years. To my ‘unofficial’ committee, my friends at First Nations Innovation Project and the First Mile Connectivity Consortium: Susan O’Donnell, Richard Smith, Brian Beaton, Tim Whiteduck, Kevin Burton, Heather Hudson, Duncan Philpot, Penny Carpenter, Jason Woodman Simmonds, Lyle Fabian, Kerri Gibson, Michael Gurstein, Brian Walmark, and Norm Leech. Your dedication and energy have been instrumental in this project. Special thanks to Lyle Johnson at KO-KNET, who made the videoconferencing links that connected me with research contacts and people in the communities. Special thanks to the SFU First Mile team Richard Smith, Leanna Milburn, John Pantherbone, Pat Truman, Renee Cheung, Roman Onufrijchuk, and Lucie Menveld – it’s been a fantastic experience working with you all. Thanks to Monroe Price for hosting me at the Centre for Global Communications Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and to Bob Anderson for supporting my visit to UPenn. Thanks to Arne Hintz, Kate Coyer and Susan Abbott for supporting my visit to the Central European University’s Summer School on Media, Democratization and International Development. Many thanks to faculty, students, and staff at Simon Fraser University’s School of Communication. While I cannot thank everyone who enriched my years at the School, I would like to acknowledge Catherine Murray for guiding me through my comprehensive exams, and Adam Holbrook for helping me sort through the technical intricacies of vii satellite systems. To colleagues and friends at the Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology, the Resilient Development reading group, and at SFU CMNS, many thanks for your companionship over the years. Thanks to Lucie Menveld, Denise Vanderwolf and Jason Congdon for your administrative support. And of course, big thanks to my friends and family, who all played a part in this journey. I acknowledge
Load more

Recommended publications
  • C-Band Public Benefit Keewaytinook Okimakanak: a Case Study
    C-Band Public Benefit Keewaytinook Okimakanak: A Case Study Summative Overview Assisting Remote Communities Across Canada to Access & Use C-Band Public Benefit By Keewaytinook Okimakanak Research Institute Draft Report - March 28, 2005 Page 1 C-Band Public Benefit Keewaytinook Okimakanak Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Pre-Deployment Activities 3 Inputs 3.1 Bandwidth Allocated 3.2 Marketing the Benefit and Developing Stakeholders 3.2.1 An Open Invitation to Collaborate 3.2.2 Continued Marketing and Stakeholder Development 3.2.3 Coordination with Telesat Canada and Industry Canada 3.2.4 Residential Internet and Public Benefit Discussions 3.3 MHz Allocated per Recipient 3.4 Financial Investments by Stakeholders 3.5 Organizational Development: Training and Staffing 3.5.1 Service Providers 3.5.2 User Organizations, Northern Ontario 3.5.3 Service Providers 4 Activities 4.1 Current Services/Applications Enhanced 4.2 New Services 5 Outputs 5.1 Traffic Reports 5.2 Application Statistics 6 Outcomes 6.1 Passionate Adoption of ICT applications 6.2 Outcomes Identified by Users in Satellite-Served Communities 6.3 Outcomes: Stakeholder Organizations 6.4 Economic Outcomes / Cost Avoidance / Savings 6.5 Social Enterprise 6.6 Employment Opportunities Created 6.7 Outcomes Recognized by Five Communities in Ontario’s far north 6.7.1 Fort Severn: Supporting Local Economic and Social Development On- line 6.7.2 Slate Falls: The power of partnerships: “We’re not remote anymore” 6.7.3 Weagamow: Making education opportunities available in
    [Show full text]
  • SFU Thesis Template Files
    The Right to Authentic Political Communication by Ann Elizabeth Rees M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2005 B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1980 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Communication Faculty of Arts and Social Science Ann Elizabeth Rees 2016 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2016 Approval Name: Ann Elizabeth Rees Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: The Right to Authentic Political Communication Examining Committee: Chair: Katherine Reilly, Assistant Professor Peter Anderson Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Catherine Murray Supervisor Professor Alison Beale Supervisor Professor Andrew Heard Internal Examiner Associate Professor Political Science Department Paul Thomas External Examiner Professor Emeritus Department of Political Studies University of Manitoba Date Defended/Approved: January 22, 2016 ii Abstract Increasingly, governments communicate strategically with the public for political advantage, seeking as Christopher Hood describes it to “avoid blame” and “claim credit” for the actions and decisions of governance. In particular, Strategic Political Communication (SPC) is becoming the dominant form of political communication between Canada’s executive branch of government and the public, both during elections and as part of a “permanent campaign” to gain and maintain public support as means to political power. This dissertation argues that SPC techniques interfere with the public’s ability to know how they are governed, and therefore undermines the central right of citizens in a democracy to legitimate elected representation by scrutinizing government and holding it to account. Realization of that right depends on an authentic political communication process that provides citizens with an understanding of government. By seeking to hide or downplay blameworthy actions, SPC undermines the legitimation role public discourse plays in a democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Austerity and Societal Response: the Double Movement in Post-Crisis Canada
    Austerity and Societal Response: The Double Movement in Post-Crisis Canada by Damira Grigorieva A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Economy Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2014, Damira Grigorieva Abstract Through the application of Karl Polanyi's theory of the Double Movement and his concepts of embedded and disembedded economies, the thesis evaluates the contemporary situation in Canada post global financial crisis of 2008. Post-crisis policies and actions of the federal government in the form of financial support to financial institutions, stimulus packages and the ensuing austerity measures are evaluated alongside the societal response to these actions, which is observed through anti-austerity discourse, with special reference to the Occupy Movement across Canada and the Quebec Student Movement. As a result of the high level of neo-liberal entrenchment in Canada a strong move towards re-embedding the economy within the sphere of social influence has not been able to materialize. However, the presence of these sites of resistance represents the evidence of the Double Movement and may be the leading edge of a potential swing of the pendulum towards more socio-democratic control over the economy in the future. 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Master’s thesis supervisor Prof. Allan Moscovitch for the continuous support of my study and research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance and support helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNEYS of INDIGENEITY Wə Tətəĺ ̕Ləxʷəxʷ ʔiʔ Xʷəm K̓ ʷəθ Həliʔ, Wə Həliʔəxʷ ʔiʔ Xʷəm K̓ ʷəθ Tətəĺ ̕Ləxʷ
    THE CANOE SCHOOL DISTRICT No. 43 (COQUITLAM), DECEMBER 2016 VOL. II NO. 1. JOURNEYS OF INDIGENEITY wə tətəĺ ̕ləxʷəxʷ ʔiʔ xʷəm k̓ ʷəθ həliʔ, wə həliʔəxʷ ʔiʔ xʷəm k̓ ʷəθ tətəĺ ̕ləxʷ LEARN TO LIVE, LIVE TO LEARN BY TERRI GALLIGOS TRANSLATED BY JILL CAMPBELL, COORDINATOR, MUSQUEAM LANGUAGE AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT, IN THE hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, DOWN RIVER LANGUAGE Kwikwetlem First Nation elected councillors Fred Hulbert (left) and Ed Hall (right) This mural was envisioned by Principal of Ecole Mary Hill elementary, Ms. Michele Reid through a Request for Service. This Request for Service was submitted June 2015. This piece was collaboratively completed in partnership with the Aboriginal Education Department, the Kwikwe- tlem First Nation and Musqueam Indian Band. Embedded in this mural are: 1. The First Peoples Principles of Learning 2. Acknowledging traditional territory 3. Connecting to the land 4. Community Engagement 5. Language Revitalization Thank you Elder / Artist in Residence Dawn Brown for bringing this beautiful piece of history to life with your artistic talents. Inter-genera- tionally speaking, this mural experienced all grades from Kindergarten to grade 5, as well as parents energy of creation. You may view this mural show cased on the District website: www.sd43.bc.ca. Page 2 ABORIGINAL ARTISAN 15: KAYLEE SAMPSON 16: PRAIRIE DOG REPORT CONTENTS 17: PETER GONG HONOURING OUR ELDERS 18: ORANGE SHIRT DAY DECEMBER 2016 19: AN INTERVIEW WITH ELDER AND ARTIST IN RESIDENCE DAWN BROWN 2: LEARN TO LIVE, LIVE TO LEARN 20: WELCOMING THE ELDERS A SHARED
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Perspectives Collection Bora Laskin Law Library
    fintFenvir Indigenous Perspectives Collection Bora Laskin Law Library 2009-2019 B O R A L A S K I N L A W L IBRARY , U NIVERSITY OF T O R O N T O F A C U L T Y O F L A W 21 things you may not know about the Indian Act / Bob Joseph KE7709.2 .J67 2018. Course Reserves More Information Aboriginal law / Thomas Isaac. KE7709 .I823 2016 More Information The... annotated Indian Act and aboriginal constitutional provisions. KE7704.5 .A66 Most Recent in Course Reserves More Information Aboriginal autonomy and development in northern Quebec and Labrador / Colin H. Scott, [editor]. E78 .C2 A24 2001 More Information Aboriginal business : alliances in a remote Australian town / Kimberly Christen. GN667 .N6 C47 2009 More Information Aboriginal Canada revisited / Kerstin Knopf, editor. E78 .C2 A2422 2008 More Information Aboriginal child welfare, self-government and the rights of indigenous children : protecting the vulnerable under international law / by Sonia Harris-Short. K3248 .C55 H37 2012 More Information Aboriginal conditions : research as a foundation for public policy / edited by Jerry P. White, Paul S. Maxim, and Dan Beavon. E78 .C2 A2425 2003 More Information Aboriginal customary law : a source of common law title to land / Ulla Secher. KU659 .S43 2014 More Information Aboriginal education : current crisis and future alternatives / edited by Jerry P. White ... [et al.]. E96.2 .A24 2009 More Information Aboriginal education : fulfilling the promise / edited by Marlene Brant Castellano, Lynne Davis, and Louise Lahache. E96.2 .A25 2000 More Information Aboriginal health : a constitutional rights analysis / Yvonne Boyer.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Edward J
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals The International Indigenous Policy Journal Volume 3 | Issue 2 Article 1 8-9-2012 Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Edward J. Hedican University of Guelph, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/iipj Part of the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Hedican, E. J. (2012). Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 3(2) . Retrieved from: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/iipj/vol3/iss2/1 This Policy is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in The nI ternational Indigenous Policy Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Abstract This paper discusses the role of police forces in Aboriginal protests and confrontations. It takes as a case study the Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry, which was released on May 31, 2007. In 1995 Dudley George, a member of the Stoney Point First Nation, was shot by an Ontario Provincial Police officer during a protest at Ipperwash Provincial Park. Five recommendations are proposed in this paper to reduce the inherent tensions in such protests, focusing on methods of mediation and conflict resolution. In particular, it is proposed that during such protests a more extensive use be made of Aboriginal persons with training and skills in mediation and negotiations in order to improve communication between police and First Nations protesters.
    [Show full text]
  • Cat Lake-Slate Falls Community Based Land Use Plan
    Cat Lake - Slate Falls Community Based Land Use Plan “Niigaan Bimaadiziwin” – A Future Life Cat Lake First Nation Slate Falls Nation and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources July 2011 Copies of this publication are available in print and CD-ROM format at the locations below. Comments or planning questions can be addressed to: Cat Lake First Nation General Delivery Cat Lake Ontario, P0V 1J0 Slate Falls Nation 48 Lakeview Road Slate Falls, Ontario, P0V 3C0 Sioux Lookout District Ministry of Natural Resources Sioux Lookout, Ontario, P8T 1A6 62719 (0.10, P.R. 07 13 11) ISBN 978-1-4435-6902-6 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4435-6903-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4435-6904-0 (CD-ROM) Acknowledgements Approval of the Cat Lake-Slate Falls Community Based Land Use Plan is the result of the leadership, efforts and support of many people - people in the community, people outside the community, people working with funding organizations, and with the province. The Cat Lake-Slate Falls Planning team would like to acknowledge everyone's support and collaborative efforts to reach this achievement. We acknowledge the leadership of the Cat Lake and Slate Falls First Nations' Chiefs and Council, guidance of community elders and participation of community members. The communities have many important issues to address. The time taken to participate in this planning process was appreciated. We acknowledge the participation and support of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the support, advice and expertise provided by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forests. We acknowledge Sioux Lookout District and Northwest Regional staff, and advisors with Far North Branch, Water Resources Information Program, Climate Change Section and Ontario Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Aboriginal Well-Being: Canada's Continuing Challenge"
    Western University Scholarship@Western Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi) 2008 Introduction: Aboriginal Well-being: Canada’s Continuing Challenge Dan Beavon Jerry White Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci Part of the Social Policy Commons Citation of this paper: Beavon, Dan and White, Jerry, "Introduction: Aboriginal Well-being: Canada’s Continuing Challenge" (2008). Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi). 9. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/aprci/9 1 Introduction: Aboriginal Well-being: Canada’s Continuing Challenge Dan Beavon and Jerry White Introduction Canada was founded on the principles of peace, order, and good government.1 It would be fair to say that most Canadians view our society as peaceful, civil, and just. As Canadians, we are often shocked or dismayed when we see civil unrest in other countries, particularly when police or military force are used against civil populations in order to quell popular uprisings or to restore order. When we see such events unfolding in the news, we breathe a collective sigh of relief and count our blessings that we live where we do. However, it may be that our collective memories are quite short, and our knowledge of history quite limited, because police forces and the military have intervened thousands of times against many different segments of civil society in Canada. Some of these interventions have been against protestors (e.g., such as the police action during the 1997 Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation summit meeting in Vancouver), unruly sports fans (e.g., the 1955 Rocket Richard riot in Montreal), unions (e.g., the 1919 Winnipeg general strike), and sometimes against Aboriginal peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Edward J
    The International Indigenous Policy Journal Volume 3 | Issue 2 Article 1 August 2012 Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Edward J. Hedican University of Guelph, [email protected] Recommended Citation Hedican, E. J. (2012). Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 3(2) . DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2012.3.2.1 This Policy is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in The International Indigenous Policy Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Policing Aboriginal Protests and Confrontations: Some Policy Recommendations Abstract This paper discusses the role of police forces in Aboriginal protests and confrontations. It takes as a case study the Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry, which was released on May 31, 2007. In 1995 Dudley George, a member of the Stoney Point First Nation, was shot by an Ontario Provincial Police officer during a protest at Ipperwash Provincial Park. Five recommendations are proposed in this paper to reduce the inherent tensions in such protests, focusing on methods of mediation and conflict resolution. In particular, it is proposed that during such protests a more extensive use be made of Aboriginal persons with training and skills in mediation and negotiations in order to improve communication between police and First Nations protesters. It is also evident that government officials need to become more actively involved in resolving land claims, especially before they become flashpoints for violence, and to remove such disputes from the realm of criminal activity to matters of civil litigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper #9
    Anti-Poverty Community Organizing and Learning (APCOL) WORKING PAPER #9 Economic and Educational Inequalities and Support for Occupy Movements: Some Recent North American Evidence D. W. Livingstone Milosh Raykov May 2012 Centre for the Study of Education and Work, OISE, University of Toronto 252 Bloor St. West, Room 7- 112, Toronto ON M5S 1V6 Telephone: 416- 978- 0515 Email:[email protected] Funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada The Anti-Poverty Community Organizing and Learning (APCOL) project represents a partnership effort across several post-secondary institutions and a range of community- based groups in Toronto (Canada). This project was funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, under its Community University Research Alliance program (2009-2014). Drawing on carefully designed survey and case study methods as well as a participatory action research orientation - the aim of this research project has been to offer the most intensive study of activist learning and development in anti-poverty work in Canada. The co-editors are pleased to present its official working paper series. The publications contained in this series are linked to APCOL project work and themes. They are authored and co-authored by academic as well as community-based researchers. The material is the copy-right of individual authors or co-authors. Rights for use in the APCOL Working Paper Series is granted to the APCOL project for these purposes only. APCOL Working Paper Series Co-Editors: Stephanie Ross (York University, Toronto, Canada) Peter Sawchuk (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) APCOL Project Co-Leaders: Sharon Simpson (Labour Community Services, Toronto, Canada) Peter Sawchuk (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) Livingstone & Raykov 2 Economic and Educational Inequalities and Support for Occupy Movements: Some Recent North American Evidence D.W.
    [Show full text]
  • To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’S
    A Dissertation entitled “To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’s American Rebellion, 1837-1842 by Joshua M. Steedman Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy History ___________________________________________ Dr. Ami Pflugrad-Jackisch, Committee Chair ___________________________________________ Dr. Kim Nielsen, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Roberto Padilla II, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Rebecca Mancuso, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Cyndee Gruden, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2019 Copyright 2019, Joshua M. Steedman This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of “To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’s American Rebellion, 1837-1842 by Joshua M. Steedman Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History The University of Toledo August 2019 This dissertation is a cultural history of the American reaction to the Upper Canadian Rebellion and the Patriot War. This project is based on an analysis of newspaper articles published by William Lyon Mackenzie and his contemporaries, diplomatic cables between Washington D.C. and London, letters, and accounts of celebrations, toasts, and public meetings which occurred between 1837 and 1842. I argue Americans and Upper Canadians in the Great Lakes region made up a culture area. By re-engaging in a battle with the British, Upper Canadians, and their American supporters sought redemption. Reacting to geographic isolation from major metropolitan areas and a looming psychic crisis motivated many of these individuals to act.
    [Show full text]