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Investigating Second Seminole War Sites in Florida: Identification Through Limited Testing Christine Bell University of South Florida
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-19-2004 Investigating Second Seminole War Sites in Florida: Identification Through Limited Testing Christine Bell University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Bell, Christine, "Investigating Second Seminole War Sites in Florida: Identification Through Limited Testing" (2004). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/952 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Investigating Second Seminole War Sites in Florida: Identification Through Limited Testing by Christine Bell A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Brent R. Weisman, Ph.D. Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. E. Christian Wells, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 19, 2004 Keywords: Historical archaeology, artifact dating, military forts, correspondence analysis, homesteads © Copyright 2004, Christine Bell i Acknowledgements None of this work would be possible without the support of family, friends, and the wonderful volunteers who helped at our sites. Thank you to Debbie Roberson, Lori Collins, and my committee members Dr. Weisman, Dr. Wells, and Dr. Tykot. I couldn’t have made it through grad school without Toni, and Belle, and even Mel. A special thanks to Walter for inspiring me from the start. -
Fort King National Historic Landmark Education Guide 1 Fig5
Ai-'; ~,,111m11l111nO FORTKINO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK Fig1 EDUCATION GUIDE This guide was made possible by the City of Ocala Florida and the Florida Department of State/Division of Historic Resources WELCOME TO Micanopy WE ARE EXCITED THAT YOU HAVE CHOSEN Fort King National Historic Fig2 Landmark as an education destination to shed light on the importance of this site and its place within the Seminole War. This Education Guide will give you some tools to further educate before and after your visit to the park. The guide gives an overview of the history associated with Fort King, provides comprehension questions, and delivers activities to Gen. Thomas Jesup incorporate into the classroom. We hope that this resource will further Fig3 enrich your educational experience. To make your experience more enjoyable we have included a list of items: • Check in with our Park Staff prior to your scheduled visit to confrm your arrival time and participation numbers. • The experience at Fort King includes outside activities. Please remember the following: » Prior to coming make staff aware of any mobility issues or special needs that your group may have. » Be prepared for the elements. Sunscreen, rain gear, insect repellent and water are recommended. » Wear appropriate footwear. Flip fops or open toed shoes are not recommended. » Please bring lunch or snacks if you would like to picnic at the park before or after your visit. • Be respectful of our park staff, volunteers, and other visitors by being on time. Abraham • Visitors will be exposed to different cultures and subject matter Fig4 that may be diffcult at times. -
Who Are the Seminole People? by Willard Steele
Who are the Seminole People? by Willard Steele The Seminole people are the descendents of the Creek people, and the Creek people are the descendents of the Lamar peoples. The ancestral lands of both the Lamar and Creek cultures encompassed parts of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, North and South Carolina, and Tennessee. The Lamar period lasted from about 1350 until 1700. The descendents of the Lamar peoples became the historic nations known as the Creeks and Cherokees. The Creek Nation was created through a gradual process of assimilation. This continued into historic times. Remnants of the Westo (Yuchi), Apalachee and Yemassee Tribes were absorbed by the tribe after their defeats by the English. The Creek were unlike any other tribe in that it can be said that, in the southeast, there were the Chickasaw, the Cherokee, the Choctaw- and everyone else was a Creek. The nation was a confederation of dozens of towns. The diversity of the Tribe is reflected in the fact that it's members spoke seven languages-- Muscogee, Hitchiti, Koasati, Alabama, Natchez, Yuchi and Shawnee. The first five are dialects of Muskogean. The early history of the Creek people in Florida is not well understood. While most people think of the Creeks as having come into Florida after 1700, this is not true. The Apalache were a Hitchiti speaking people that may have been related to the Creel Tamathli or Apalachicola. The Apalache, situated along the Apalachicola River, were in Florida at the time of Spanish contact. At the same time, another Hitchiti speaking Creek group, the Sawokli, were located at Choctawhatchee Bay, on the Gulf of Mexico. -
Seminole Origins
John and Mary Lou Missall A SHORT HISTORY OF THE SEMINOLE WARS SEMINOLE WARS FOUNDATION, INC. Founded 1992 Pamphlet Series Vol. I, No. 2 2006 Copyright © 2006 By John & Mary Lou Missall Series Editor: Frank Laumer Seminole Wars Foundation, Inc. 35247 Reynolds St. Dade City, FL 33523 www.seminolewars.us 2 Florida During the Second Seminole War 3 The Seminole Wars Florida’s three Seminole Wars were important events in American history that have often been neglected by those who tell the story of our nation’s past. These wars, which took place between the War of 1812 and the Civil War, were driven by many forces, ranging from the clash of global empires to the basic need to protect one’s home and family. They were part of the great American economic and territorial expansion of the nineteenth century, and were greatly influenced by the national debate over the issue of slavery. In particular, the Second Seminole War stands out as the nation’s longest, costli- est, and deadliest Indian war. Lasting almost seven years, the conflict cost thousands of lives and millions of dollars, yet faded from the nation’s collective memory soon after the fighting ended. It is a story that should not have been forgotten, a story that can teach us lessons that are still relevant today. It is in hopes of restoring a portion of that lost mem- ory that the Seminole Wars Foundation offers this short history of one of our nation’s longest wars. Seminole Origins The ancestors of the Seminole Indians were primarily Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama who migrated to Florida during the 18th century after the decimation of the aboriginal natives under Spanish rule. -
Here the Gover- and Executive Branches Work.” Bill, Said He Had Been Told the Bill Would Nor Was Coming From
The Gainesville Iguana A progressive newsletter July/August 2021 Vol. 35, Issue 7/8 A school board seat is vacant: what now? Education under fire by David Kaplan, Julie Crosby, and Sarah Rockwell In August 2020, Alachua County residents cast their ballots for two seats on the School Board of Alachua County, among other positions. When the votes were counted, Dr. Leanetta McNealy was re-elected to represent District 4, becoming Chairwoman of the Board, and Diyonne McGraw was elected to represent District 2. The election was a historic event for Alachua County, as Dr. McNealy and Ms. McGraw joined board member Tina Certain to create, for the first time, a Black majority on the five-person board with a strong public commitment to educational excellence and equity. The same election saw several other progressive, Black, and female candidates win seats in this County-wide election. As has been widely reported, while Ms. Mc- Graw’s registration for candidacy in District 2 was made using her home address and ac- cepted by the Alachua County Supervisor of Elections, review of precinct and district Joint Statement on legislative efforts maps seven months after she was sworn into office, showed her residence to be a few to restrict education about racism hundred feet outside of District 2, calling her election into question. Multiple legal actions in American history (June 2021) ensued, both in support of and against Ms. The American Association of University divisions that exist, however, without an See SCHOOL BOARD, p. 20 Professors, the American Historical As- honest reckoning with their histories. -
Seminole War Period Towns and Camps Tallahassee
Seminole War period Towns and Camps Tallahassee Tallahassee (Also called Anhaica) was home to thousands of Muskogee speaking people. American forces burned Tallahasee to the ground at the start of the war. Later American settlers would build their own city, while keeping the Native name. Miccosukee Like Tallahassee, Miccosukee was a large town, with thousands of people living there. It was targeted early by Americans, who plundered and raised the town. Suwanee River This river was home to both Seminole people and free Black communities. The Black communities were largely made of escaped slaves from American plantations, but many in the early 1800s were born free in Florida. The two communities traded and worked together, and many Americans referred to them as Black Seminoles. Big City Island Long a home to the Tequesta people, Big City Island was a refuge for Seminole people during the War until Fort Lauderdale was established. Sam Jones Camp (Treetops) Abiaka (Sam Jones) established this camp during the war to be far from the Front Lines of battle Billy Bowlegs Village Billy Bowlegs and his family made their homes here during the height of the War. Billy Bowlegs Camp 3rd The home camp of Billy Bowlegs when he led the Seminole near the end of the War. It was sacked by U.S. Army scouts, and the retaliation led to a new declaration of war by the United States. Sam Jones Town (BC) Abiaka (Sam Jones) chose this area to evade American patrols. He and his followers remained hidden through the end of the War. -
4.0 Historical Overview
4-1 4.0 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW The following overview traces the historical development of the general study area from the European settlement through the twentieth century. The intent of this overview is to serve as a guide to field investigations by identifying the possible locations of any historic cultural resources within the project area and to provide expectations regarding the potential historic significance of any such sites. It also provides a context with which to interpret any historic resources encountered during the study. 4.1 European Contact and Colonial Period (1513–1821) Three Native American ethnic groups were known to inhabit east central Florida at the time of Spanish contact: the Ais, the Mayaca, and the Jororo. The Ais lived along the Atlantic Coast and were closely involved with the Spanish. They inhabited the coastal strand and Indian River areas at this time. They apparently mixed indigenous hunting/gathering/fishing economy with the salvaging of Spanish shipwrecks (Milanich 1995:64-65). The Mayaca and Jororo peoples occupied an area from north-central Florida to as far south as Lake Okeechobee (Mitchem et al. 1998). The earliest contact between the native populations and the Europeans occurred through slave hunting expeditions. “Slaving expeditions,” which provided workers for the mines of Hispaniola and Cuba, were not recorded in official documents as the Spanish Crown prohibited the enslavement of Caribbean natives. Evidence of these slave raids comes from the familiarity with the Florida coast stated by navigators of the earliest official coastal reconnaissance surveys (Cabeza de Vaca 1922: Chapter 4). The hostile response of the native population to expeditions during the 1520s may confirm this hypothesis. -
The Florida Historical Quarterly Published by the Florida Historical Society ·
LORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 91 SUMMER 2012 NUMBER 1 The Florida Historical Quarterly Published by the Florida Historical Society · Connie L. Lester, Editor Daniel S. Murphree, Assistant Editor and Book Review Editor Robert Cassanello, Podcast Editor Sponsored by the University of Central Florida Board of Editors Jack Davis, University of Florida James M. Denham, Florida Southern College Andrew Frank, Florida State University Elna C. Green, Sanjose State University Steven Noll, University of Florida Raymond A. Mohl, University of Alabama, Birmingham Paul Ortiz, University of Florida Brian Rucker, Pensacola State College John David Smith, University of orth Carolina, Charlotte Melanie Shell-Weiss, Grand Valley University Brent Weisman, University of South Florida Irvin D.S. Winsboro, Florida Gulf Coast University The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Avenue, Cocoa, FL 32922 in cooperation with the Department of History, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, PA. Periodicals postage paid at Cocoa, FL and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922. Subscription accompanies membership in the Society. Annual membership is $50; student membership (with proof of status) is $30; family membership in 75; library and institution membership is 75; a contributing membership is 200 and higher; and a corporate membership is 500 and higher. Correspondence relating to membership and subscriptions, as well as orders for back copies of the Quarterly, should be addressed to Dr. Ben D. Brotemarkle, Executive Director, Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922; (321) 690-1971; email: (Ben. -
Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) Is Published Quarterly by the Flor- Ida Historical Society, University of South Florida, 4202 E
COVER The railway depot at Tallahassee. Sketch by Francis de Castelnau, in Vues et Souvenirs: de l'Amerique du Nord (1842). Illustration courtesy Florida Photographic Collection, Florida State Archives. The Volume LXXIII, Number 4 April 1995 The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Flor- ida Historical Society, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, and is printed by E.O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, FL. Second- class postage paid at Tampa, FL, and at additional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Quarterly, P.O. Box 290197, Tampa, FL 33687-0197 Copyright 1995 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Samuel Proctor, Acting Editor Mark I. Greenberg, Assistant Editor EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Raymond O. Arsenault, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg William S. Coker, University of West Florida David R. Colburn, University of Florida James B. Crooks, University of North Florida Kathleen Deagan, University of Florida Wayne Flynt, Auburn University Michael V. Gannon, University of Florida Maxine D. Jones, Florida State University Harry A. Kersey, Jr., Florida Atlantic University Jane Landers, Vanderbilt University Eugene Lyon, Flagler College John K. Mahon, University of Florida Raymond A. Mohl, Florida Atlantic University Gary R. Mormino, University of South Florida Theda Perdue, University of Kentucky Gerald E. Poyo, St. Mary’s University Joe M. Richardson, Florida State University William W. Rogers, Florida State University Daniel L. Schafer, University of North Florida Correspondence concerning contribution, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, FL 32604-2045. -
The Florida Historical Quarterly
COVER The Gainesville Graded and High School, completed in 1900, contained twelve classrooms, a principal’s office, and an auditorium. Located on East University Avenue, it was later named in honor of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith. Photograph from the postcard collection of Dr. Mark V. Barrow, Gainesville. The Historical Quarterly Volume LXVIII, Number April 1990 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY COPYRIGHT 1990 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Florida Historical Society, Uni- versity of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, and is printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, Florida. Second-class postage paid at Tampa and DeLeon Springs, Florida. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Society, P. O. Box 290197, Tampa, FL 33687. THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Samuel Proctor, Editor Everett W. Caudle, Editorial Assistant EDITORIAL. ADVISORY BOARD David R. Colburn University of Florida Herbert J. Doherty University of Florida Michael V. Gannon University of Florida John K. Mahon University of Florida (Emeritus) Jerrell H. Shofner University of Central Florida Charlton W. Tebeau University of Miami (Emeritus) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32604-2045. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, original- ity of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and in- terest of readers are considered. All copy, including footnotes, should be double-spaced. Footnotes are to be numbered con- secutively in the text and assembled at the end of the article. -
Egmont Key: a Seminole Story
EGMONT KEY A SEMINOLE STORY Editors Bradley Mueller, Alyssa Boge Production - Design Team Juan Cancel, Bradley Mueller, Dave Scheidecker, Seminole Media Productions Contributers James Billie (Bird Clan), Joe Frank (Panther Clan), Justin Giles (Tiger/Big Cat Clan, Muscogee (Creek) Nation), Ted Isham (Wind Clan, Muscogee (Creek) Nation), Lenny Ray Jim (Panther Clan), Willie Johns (Wild Cat Clan), Manuel Tiger (Wind Clan), Aaron Tommie, Ted Underwood (Sweet Potato Clan, Seminole Nation), Billie Walker (Panther Clan), Rita Youngman (Bird Clan) Paul Backhouse, Alyssa Boge, Nicholas Butler, Domonique deBeaubien, Stan Garner, Maureen Mahoney, Rachel Morgan, Bradley Mueller, Anne Mullins, Dave Scheidecker Cover Image Beverly Bidney, Photographer Table of Contents Image Dave Scheidecker Published By The Seminole Tribe of Florida Tribal Historic Preservation Office 30290 Josie Billie Highway, PMB 1004 Clewiston, Florida 33440 Tel: 863-983-6549 Fax: 863-902-1117 www.stofthpo.com Our thanks to the Seminole Tribe of Florida Tribal Council for their support and guidance. THE COVER AND CONTENT OF THIS PUBLICATION ARE FULLY PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND CANNOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. Contents 2 Carrying The Torch 20 Egmont Key Expressions 4 The Sands of Florida 22 The Story Beneath our Feet 8 Egmont Key 26 Egmont Artifacts 10 A Timeline of Egmont Key 28 Preserving Nature 12 The Seminole Removal Trail 1858 32 Island Under Threat 14 Prison Grounds 34 Why Do You Save an Island? 16 Polly Parker 38 Seminole Voices 18 The Removed 40 Choosing a Path Carrying The Torch Egmont Key’s tranquil scenery masks its disturbing past… We are the descendants of our ancestors’ triumphs and the atrocities they endured… For many of its visitors, Egmont Key is a destination that combines Florida history with During the nineteenth century, the United States beautiful scenery. -
The Forgotten Seminoles
The Forgotten Seminoles THE PALM BEACH POST Copyright (c) 2001 Used with permission Monday, August 20, 2001 By Scott McCabe Palm Beach Post Staff Writer Fortyfive minutes west of Walt Disney's makebelieve history, archaeologists dig for real artifacts. Hunched over a shallow, square excavation, they search for Peliklakaha, the largest Black Seminole village known to historians, a place where different cultures joined in a fight for freedom more than 200 years ago. Until now, say University of Florida archaeologists, Peliklakaha existed only in the writings of military leaders and a painting commissioned by the U.S. general who had burned it down. Archaeologists hope to unearth clues that documents can't provide, secrets about the life of a hidden people. They hope Peliklakaha will reveal whether the inhabitants developed a unique lifestyle with their new status as free people in Florida. "The story of the Black Seminoles is a tremendous story about a successful effort by slaves gaining their freedom before the Civil War," said Delray Beach archaeologist Bill Steele, who discovered the site in 1993. "That's why Peliklakaha is so significant." The dig could establish a new focus in archaeology on cultures that combine African and Native American influences, said Terry Weik, the UF graduate student heading the excavation. It could also bolster the Black Seminoles' lawsuit that seeks a share of the $56 million the United States government paid the Seminoles for reparations. To win their suit against the U.S. government, the Black Seminoles must prove they owned land in Florida. The story of the Black Seminoles is complex and controversial.