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Neolocalism and Activating the Urban Landscape Neolocalism and Activating the Urban Landscape: Economics, Social Networks and Creation of Place by April A. Watson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Charles E. Schmidt College of Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2016 Copyright 2016 by April Watson ii Acknowledgements I would like thank my committee chair, Dr. Maria Fadiman. Her encouragement, enthusiasm, and input made this dissertation possible. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee, Dr. Charles Roberts, Dr. Clifford Brown and Dr. Eric Dumbaugh, as well as the Departments of Geosciences, Anthropology, and Urban and Regional Planning. The kindness and support given me by these departments was invaluable. Acknowledgements are also due to my husband Monty and my sister Erin. I honestly could not have finished if they had not helped me. I also want to show gratitude to my family and friends, for their encouragement and humor over the last three years. Finally, I would like to thank all of the craft brewers who took time out of their busy schedules to again and again answer my questions and introduce me to the craft beer world. In particular, I would like to thank: John from Funky Buddha, Leigh from 3 Daughters, Julie from Pair o Dice, Devon from 7venth Sun, Luis from Wynwood Brewing, Matt Manthe, Felonice and Matt from Accomplice, Ron from Veterans United and Greg from Rapp Brewing. You all are rock stars in my book. iv Abstract Author: April Watson Title: Neolocalism and Activating the Urban Landscape: Economics, Social Networks and Creation of Place Institution: Florida Atlantic University Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Maria Fadiman Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Year: 2016 This work examined the role of the craft brewers of Florida in creating alternative economies. This work argues that craft brewers function in ways that they can create a space in which other, smaller entities might then take advantage. Craft breweries' expansion, and continued success rests on the ability of the brewer to harness the power of transformation, the prism effect, or the refaceting of a space with different meanings. Craft breweries meet many of Jacobs' (1961), as stated in her seminal work, conditions for diversity in the city, especially in the role of self-government. Craft brewers function as informal forms of government for communities, by making smaller entities more visible, by serving as a warrior and weaver for political action in the city, and offering subversive defiance, by which they subtly challenge the dominant disconnected economic structure. Craft breweries serve as a way to create an embedded economy, or as a way of grounding local businesses, social issues, and individual actors together. In this way, the research addressed deeper ethical issues that transcend the idea of craft brewing in v general, that the success of craft brewers reflects a form of activism, and a visible way for individuals to circumvent the global processes which left them disengaged in their community. vi Dedication To Monty and Jack My light in dark places. Neolocalism and Activating the Urban Landscape: Economics, Social Networks and Creation of Place List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Beer is universal .............................................................................................................. 1 Foundations of craft brewing .......................................................................................... 3 Beer defined ................................................................................................................. 3 History of beer in the USA .......................................................................................... 4 Craft brewery vs. Microbrewery vs. Brewpub ............................................................ 7 Research hypotheses and theoretical context ................................................................ 11 Chapter Two: Background and Theoretical Context ........................................................ 17 Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 17 Landscape geography ................................................................................................ 17 Neolocalism ............................................................................................................... 19 Microbreweries: what is local? .................................................................................. 21 To share the “local”: images, names, and places. ...................................................... 23 viii Microbrewery deserts ................................................................................................ 27 Florida as a unique geographic region ....................................................................... 29 Beer in Florida ........................................................................................................... 32 Innovation diffusion/spatial economies ..................................................................... 36 The Urban Landscape.................................................................................................... 39 Economics, Politics, and Culture ............................................................................... 39 The City landscape: Jacobs' seminal work ................................................................ 40 Clusters: geographic interconnected businesses and institutions .............................. 43 Networks .................................................................................................................... 44 Globalized economy vs. “Embedded” economy. ...................................................... 45 Urban political ecology ............................................................................................. 48 Chapter Three: Methods ................................................................................................... 51 Research methodologies and analysis ........................................................................... 51 Research study sites and population .......................................................................... 51 Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 53 Data Analysis Methodologies ....................................................................................... 60 Diffusion Analysis ..................................................................................................... 60 Network analysis ....................................................................................................... 64 Content and landscape analysis ................................................................................. 67 Chapter Four: Results ....................................................................................................... 71 ix Establishment ................................................................................................................ 71 Adoption of the Craft Brewing Innovation ................................................................... 71 Hierarchical spatial diffusion..................................................................................... 71 Graphical depictions of the craft brewery expansion in Florida ............................... 75 Establishment and expansion ........................................................................................ 80 Understanding the role of cultural landscapes .............................................................. 80 Individual identity and Innovation adoption ............................................................. 80 Cultural landscapes: regional and personal characteristics that prohibit or help growth ........................................................................................................................ 84 The role of the natural landscape in establishment .................................................... 90 The role of history and settlement in brewery establishment and identity creation ...................................................................................................................... 93 The role of cultural identity in establishment and development ............................... 97 Unique commonalities in identity creation: celestial beings and the particular use of local products ................................................................................................ 100 Zoning and Establishment ....................................................................................... 102 Identity in establishment ............................................................................................. 106 Personal identity in craft brewers ............................................................................ 106 Gender ....................................................................................................................
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