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Pacific Pest Detector News a Quarterly Newsletter for First Detectors March 2010 – Number 1

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Pacific Pest Detector News a Quarterly Newsletter for First Detectors March 2010 – Number 1 Pacific Pest Detector News A Quarterly Newsletter for First Detectors March 2010 – Number 1 ditor’s note: Welcome to the first edition of the In This Issue Pacific Pest Detector News! The purpose of this Editor’s note 1 E newsletter is to help you stay aware and informed. It is only as good as its value to you, however, so let us Pests in brief 1 know what we can do to make it more useful and Coconut rhinoceros beetle 2 enjoyable to read. Each edition will include the following: Tomato yellow leaf curl 3 Pests in Brief. In future issues, this section will feature Whitefly vector 4 new pest introductions to our region, or changes in the host range, distribution, etc. of known pests. Pests of concern 5 Websites 6 Not Wanted Posters. Each edition will highlight two pest threats, either those beyond our islands, or pest __________ introductions that are still localized. In this issue, the recent coconut rhinoceros beetle outbreak on Guam contrasts with American Samoa, which has had the beetle Pacific Pest Detector News for many years, and with Hawaii where the beetle has yet Number 1, March 2010 to be reported. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus was discovered on the islands of Maui and Oahu in November Contact us directly at: 2009 and tomato growers statewide are concerned. [email protected] Pests of Concern. An updated regional list of high Or through the WPDN consequence pests, with links to additional information. http://www.wpdn.org Websites. A page of links to general pest information and Editor: Fred Brooks identification, images, local contacts for diagnostic clinics, Associate Editors continuing education, and training. Barry Brennan (HI) Aubrey Moore (GU) Mark Schmaedick (AS) NOT WANTED SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A THREAT TO COCONUT PRODUCTION, LANDSCAPES, AND CERTAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) bar = 10 mm Aubrey Moore Adults 30 to 35 mm long, 14 to 21 mm wide, reddish-black to black, horn larger in males, Fred Brooks Mature larvae C-shaped with brownish head, legs Classic damage: V- or diamond-shaped cuts in fronds ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION: Native to southern Asia with intermittent spread to the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, plus American Samoa (1909), Palau (1942), and Guam (2006). Not reported in other American Afilliated Pacific Islands. LIKELY LOCATIONS: Initial sightings near airports, harbors, or dock facilities. Adults found in crown of palms, or with larvae in compost or decaying vegetation, dead host stumps or logs, etc. HOST RANGE: Main host coconut palm (Cocos nucifera); also African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), betel nut (Areca catechu), royal palm (Roystonea regia), Chinese fan palm (Livistonia chinensis), raphia palm (Raphia ruffia); reported on Pandanus spp., sugar cane, banana. For more information: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/adap/ASCC_LandGrant/Dr_Brooks/BrochureNo8.pdf http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=173&fr=1&sts http://www.padil.gov.au/viewPestDiagnosticImages.aspx?id=302 See something suspicious? Contact your local Dept. of Agriculture, extension agent, or diagnostic clinic 2 NOT WANTED A SERIOUS THREAT TO TOMATO PRODUCTION Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Eric Natwick, Bugwood.org Healthy TYLCV Symptoms of TYLCV include cupped, distorted leaves with yellow (chlorotic) margins and between veins; stems are stiff, erect; plants become bushy and stunted due to short internodes ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION: First reported from Israel in 1939, spread through the Middle East, Africa, Southern Europe to the Caribbean, southeastern U.S., Texas and Arizona (2006) and California in 2007. Found in Wailuku, Maui and Poamoho, Oahu, during November 2009. To our knowledge, it has not been found on other American Affiliated Pacific Islands. IMPACT: Plants are stunted and misshapen, flowers drop before fruit set, yield severely affected. HOST RANGE: Most severe on tomato. Other solanaceous crops (e.g. potato, eggplant, pepper) and weeds (e.g. jimsonweed, nightshade) may be hosts but are usually symptomless. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), however, is also a potential reservoir for the virus and may show leaf curling. See something suspicious? Contact your local Dept. of Agriculture, extension agent, or diagnostic clinic 3 KNOWN ACCOMPLICE OF THE VIRUS Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B) TRANSMISSION: Silverleaf whitefly is one of the most important vectors (carriers) of TYLCV; it is widely distributed. It obtains the virus by feeding on an infected plant 5 to 10 minutes and remains infective for life. Maximum flight is about 5 miles, but it is spread long distances by strong winds or on infested plant material. The virus is not spread mechanically (by touch or equipment) or by seed. B Silverleaf whitefly adult Silverleaf whitefly pupal case 0.5 mm Scott Bauer, Bugwood Jeffrey W. Lotz, Bugwood Adult bright yellow, abdomen lighter with orange spot. Pupal case light yellow, colorless when empty. IMPACT: Bemisia biotypes are known vectors of High population of whiteflies on underside of leaf. serious plant pathogenic Gemini viruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato mottle virus, and bean golden mosaic virus. Feeding by high populations of whiteflies can also cause seedling death, reduced plant vigor, inhibition of photosynthesis, and defoliation. WHITEFLY HOSTS: Biotypes of B. tabaci have a host range of more than 600 plants in over 75 families throughout tropical and mild Mediterranean-type Jeffrey W. Lotz, Bugwood climates. Local hosts include tomatoes, cucumber, beans, eggplant, cabbage, peppers, squash, potato, and some ornamental plants. WHAT TO DO, WHO TO CONTACT: If you see symptoms of TYLCV on tomato, contact an agricultural extension agent or plant clinic immediately, or carefully place stem and leaf samples in a sealable plastic bag so no whiteflies escape and take to your local Department of Agriculture or diagnostic clinic. To mail samples, wrap foliage in absorbent paper, double-bag, label, pack in crush-proof box, phone then mail to same organizations (see “Websites” page for web addresses and phone numbers). FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PD4 -70.pdf (pest alert) 3 http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/horticulture/18522.html (disease) http://wiki.bugwood.org/Silverleaf_whitefly (vector) http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/b.tabaci.html (vector) http://www.invasive.org/browse/subimages.cfm?sub=9383 (disease) See something suspicious? Contact your local Dept. of Agriculture, extension agent, or diagnostic clinic 4 Pests of Concern Arthropods Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera scutellata) http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/animals/afrhonbee.shtml Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/ppc/npa-1/npa06-01-ACP.pdf coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/adap/ASCC_LandGrant/Dr_Brooks/BrochureNo8.pdf little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/ppc/npa-1/npa99-02-lfireant.pdf naio thrips (Klambothrips myopori) http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/ppc/npa-1/npa09-02-naiothrips.pdf red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/ants/red_imported_fire_ant.htm silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) http://www.entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/leaf/silverleaf_whitefly.htm varroa mite (Varroa destructor) http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/ppc/npa-1/npa07-01-Varroa.pdf Diseases citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis) http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/citruscanker/ citrus greening (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) http://wiki.bugwood.org/Liberibacter_asiaticus citrus tristeza virus http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs242 coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) http://www.apsnet.org/Education/LessonsPlantPath/Coffeerust/default.htm downy mildews of corn http://maizedoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php?id=233&option=com_content&task=view lethal yellows (Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp146 moko disease of banana (Ralstonia solanacearum) http://bananas.bioversityinternational.org/files/files/pdf/publications/disease6_en.pdf Panama disease of banana, TR 4 (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, tropical race 4) http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/pw/ph/dis/fn/fs01200.pdf papaya ringspot virus http://www.apsnet.org/ONLINE/FEATURE/RINGSPOT/ sudden oak death http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/pq/QPA04-02_Sudden_Oak_Death.pdf tomato yellow leaf curl virus http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PD-70.pdf Plants fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/fireweed.html fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/pdf/pese1.pdf miconia (Miconia calvescens) http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/miconia.html gorse (Ulex europaeus) http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?fr=1&si=69 PESTS LISTED IN ‘BOLD’ ARE NOT, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, PRESENT IN THE AMERICAN AFFILIATED PACIFIC ISLANDS. See something suspicious? Contact your local Dept. of Agriculture, extension agent, or diagnostic clinic 5 Websites Pest Information American Samoa: http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/adap2/ascc_landgrant/technical_papers.asp#brochures Bugwood (images): http://bugwood.org/ Crop Knowledge Master: http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/Crop/crop.htm Hawaii Invasive Species Council: http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/ Hawaii Department of Agriculture (new pest advisories): http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/pi/ppc/NPA Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (Pacific invasive spp.): http://www.hear.org/ Master Gardeners (national pest list): http://wiki.bugwood.org/npdn-mg-training
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