DOCSLIB.ORG

The Book of Corrections Reflections on the National Crisis During the Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-1598

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Book of Corrections Reflections on the National Crisis During the Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-1598 KOREA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH 28 FM, INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ~ u UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY CJ(S CENTER FOR KOREAN STUDIES The Book of Corrections Reflections on the National Crisis during the Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-1598 Yu Songnyong TRANSLATED BY Choi Byonghyon A publication of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Califor­ nia, Although the Institute of East Asian Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of manuscripts in this series, responsibil- for the opinions expressed and for the accuracy of statements rests with their authors. Correspondence and manuscripts may be sent to: Ms. Joanne Sandstrom, Managing Editor Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94720-2318 E-mail: [email protected] The Korea Research Monograph series is one of several publications series sponsored by the Institute of East Asian Studies in with its constituent units. The others include the China Research series, the Research Monograph series, and the Research Papers Policy Studies series. A list of recent appears at the back of the book. Yu, Song-nyong, 1542-1607. [Chingbirok English] The book of corrections : ret1ections on the national crisis during the Japanese invasion of Korea, 1592-1598 I Songnyong; translated by Choi Byonghyon. em. - (Korea research monograph ; 28) references and index. ISBN 1-55729-076-8 (alk. 1. Korea-History-Japanese Invasions, 1592-1598. I. Ch'oe, Pyong-hyon, 1948- II. Title. III. Series DS913.4 .Y8513 2002 951.9'02--dc21 2002027473 Copyright © 2002 The Regents of the University of California. Printed in the States of America. All rights reserved. Contents Abbreviations Used in the Notes ...................................................... viii Translator's Preface ............................................................................... .ix ·························································································· xiii Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 Author's Preface .................................................................................... 15 BOOK ! .................................................................................................... 17 1. The Envoys from Japan ................................................................ 19 2. Japanese Envoy So Yoshitoshi.. ................................................... 24 3. Korean Envoys Meet with Toyotomi 4. Korea Informs Ming of the Japanese Plot.. ................................ 32 5. Controversies over Rebuilding the National Defense .............. 34 6. Yi Sunsin Appointed as the Navy Commander ........................ 37 7. Generals Unable to Foresee the Imminent War ....................... .42 8. Invasion of the Japanese .............................................................. .44 9. Our Fortresses Fall One after Another ....................................... 46 10. Urgent Reports Come In .............................................................. 50 11. Criminal Charges against Kim Song'il for His ............ 55 12. The Court Appoints Kim Nuk to Stabilize Public Feeling ..... 57 13. Commander Yi II Flees as Sangju Falls .................................... .58 14. Debates on the Defense of Seoul and the Departure of the 15. The Defeat of Sin Ip's Army ....................................................... 67 16. The Day of Moaning and 17. Seoul Falls into Enemy Hands .................................................... 78 18. The Collapse of Our Joint Forces at Yong'in ............................ 81 19. Sin Kak's Victory and His Tragic End ....................................... 83 20. The Collapse of the Defense Line at the Imjin River ............... 85 21. The Japanese Enter Hamgyong Province and Capture Our Two Princes ............................................................................ 87 vi 22. Yi Il Arrives at P'yongyang after Losing His Battle ................ 90 23. The Visit of Lin Shilu to P'yongyang ........................................ 93 24. The Royal Carriage Leaves P'yongyang .................................. 100 25. The Fall of P'yongyang .............................................................. 106 26. Anger and Frustration of the People ....................................... 109 27. The King Arrives at Uiju and Ming Sends Its Relief Army ................................................................................... 114 28. The Vanguard of the Ming Relief Army Arrives ................... 116 29. Ming Relief Army Fails to Recapture P'yongyang ................ 119 30. Yi Sunsin Defeats the Japanese Navy with His Turtle Ships ................................................................................... 121 31. Cho Hoik, a Man of Loyalty and Patriotism .......................... 125 32. The Defense of Chonju and the Brave Battles of Chong Tam ............................................................................... 127 33. An Attempt to Recapture P'yongyang ..................................... 129 34. Shen Weijing Visits the Japanese Camp .................................. 131 35. The Tragic Death of Governor Sim Tae ................................... 134 36. General Won Ho Defeats the Japanese .................................... 137 37. Kwon Ungsu and Others Recapture Yongch'on .................... 139 38. Pak Chin Recaptures Kyongju .................................................. 141 39. The Rise of the Righteous Volunteer Armies ......................... 143 40. Yi Il Becomes a Commander ..................................................... 149 41. Spies and Traitors ....................................................................... 151 BOOK II ................................................................................................ 153 42. New Ming Relief Army Recaptures P'yongyang ................... 155 43. The Court Replaces Yi Il with Yi Pin ....................................... 161 44. The Ming Army Retreats to Kaesong after Losing the Battle of Pyokche .................................................................... 162 45. Victory at Haengju Fortress ...................................................... 169 46. Efforts to Save the Starving People .......................................... 173 47. Shen Weijing's Efforts to Make Peace with the Japanese ...... l76 48. Recapturing Seoul ....................................................................... 181 49. Devastating Defeat at the Battle of Chinju .............................. 184 50. The King Returns to Seoul ........................................................ 189 51. The Imprisonment of Yi Sunsin ................................................ 197 52. The Breakdown of the Peace Talks and a New Relief Army from Ming China ......................................................................... 200 53. The Collapse of the Navy Led by Won Kyun ........................ 201 54. The Battle of Hwangsok Mountain Fortress ........................... 205 vii 55. Yi Sunsin Is Reinstated .............................................................. 208 56. The Fortress of Namwon Falls .................................................. 209 57. Our Navy Dominates the Sea Once Again .............................. 213 58. The Japanese Retreat Southward .............................................. 216 59. The Ming Army Lays Siege to the Japanese Forces at Ulsan ......................................................................................... 218 60. The Death of Yi Sunsin and the End of the War ................... 221 61. Yi Sunsin, the Man ..................................................................... 224 62. Yi Sunsin, a God of War ............................................................ 227 A Brief Chronological History of the Life of Soae Yu Songnyong ................................................................ 229 Glossary ................................................................................................ 233 Selected Bibliography .......................................................................... 236 Index of Names, Places, and Terms .................................................. 239 Abbreviations Used in the Notes CHJ The Cambridge History of Japan CJS Chungjong sillok CPC Chungbong chip CSKI Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions (Palais) HDMSN Haedong myongsinnok (Kim Yuk) HITS Han'guk inmul taesajon IJS Injo sillok JQZSTS Jianquiao Zhongguo Sui-Tang shi KHIG Kwanghaegun ilgi KJIG Kukjo inmulgo KJPM Kukjo pangmok LCPL Liangchao pingrang lu (Zhuge Yuansheng) MJS Myongjong sillok MUDSM Mang'udang sonsaeng munjip MSLZ Mingshi liezhuan (Fu Weilin) NHK A New History of Korea (Lee Kibaik) NJCN Nanjung chamnok (Cho Kyongnam) NJD Nihon jinmei daijiten SJS Sonja sillok SJSS Sonja sujong sillok TGCY T' onggamch' alyo (Kang Chi) TYSN Tongguk yoji sungnam YLSKS Yollyosil kisul (Yi Ki:ing'ik) YNIG Yongnam inmulgo (Ch'ae Hongwon) YSGIG Yonsan'gun ilgi ZLRD Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian Translator's Preface The text of Chingbirok (The book of corrections), originally writ­ ten in Chinese, has been translated into Korean and Japanese quite a few times, but never into English until now. The English trans­ lation of this Korean classic, therefore, is long overdue, but since it is the first attempt of its kind, it should be considered a work in progress rather than a finished product. There are two versions of Chingbirok. The first, called Ch'obon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide!
    The International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide Welcome to the International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide! To make the Study Guide, we divided all of history into 5 chapters: Middle Eastern and South Asian History, East and Southeast Asian History, US American History, World History (everything but American and Asian) to 1789, and World History from 1789-present. There may also be specific questions about the history of each of the countries where we will hold tournaments. A list of terms to be familiar with for each country is included at the end of the guide, but in that section, just focus on the country where you will be competing at your regional tournament (at least until the Asian Championships). Terms that are in bold should be of particular focus for our middle school division, though high school competitors should be familiar with these too. This guide is not meant to be a complete compendium of what information may come up at a competition, but it should serve as a starting off point for your preparations. Certainly there are things that can be referenced at a tournament that are not in this guide, and not everything that is in this guide will come up. At the end of the content portion of the guide, some useful preparation tips are outlined as well. Finally, we may post additional study materials, sample questions, and guides to the website at www.ihbbasia.com over the course of the year. Should these become available, we will do our best to notify all interested schools.
    [Show full text]
  • He Ideals of the Eas Ith Special Refereno O The
    HE I DEALS OF THE EAS I TH SPECI AL REFERENO O THE A R T O F J A PA N " 11 7 3 2. BY KAKUZO O KAKURA L O N D O N J O HN URRAY ALBE ARLE S TREET M , M 1905 PRE FATO RY NO TE wishes to point ou t tha t this book is wr i tten in by a na i a n t ve qf J ap . CO N TE N TS I NTRODUCTI O N THE RANGE O F I DEALS THE PRI MITI VE A RT O F J APAN CON FUCIANI S M NO RTHERN CH I NA LAO I S M AND TAO I S M — S O UTH ERN CH I NA BUDD H I S M AND INDIAN ART — THE AS UKA PERI OD ( 5 5 0 700 A .D .) — 1 08 THE NARA PE RI OD (700 8 00 A .O .) - 1 28 THE HEIAN PERIOD (8 00 900 AD .) W — THE FUJ I ARA PE RIOD (900 1200 A.D .) K K 1 2 - 40 A D THE AMA URA PERIOD ( 00 1 0 . .) 1 4 0- 1 w AS HI KAGA PERI OD ( 0 600 .) Vll C ONTENTS PAGE TOYOTO MI AN D EARLY TO KUGAWA — PERI OD ( 1 600 1 700 A n.) LATER TO KU GAWA PERIOD ( 1 700. 1 8 5 0 A .D .) THE M EIJI PERI OD ( 1 8 5 0 TO THE PRESE NT DAY ) THE V I STA I N T R O D U C T I O N K A KUZ O K A KURA t his O , the author of work on Japanese A r t Ideals— and the t future au hor, as we hope , of a longer and completely illustrated book on the same subject— has been long known to his own people and to others as the foremost living authority on Oriental Archaeology and Art .
    [Show full text]
  • APWH Key Terms
    APWH Key Terms I. Foundations Term Description 1. prehistory vs. history 2. features of civilization 3. Paleolithic Era 4. Neolithic Era 5. family units, clans, tribes 6. foraging societies 7. nomadic hunters/gatherers 8. Ice Age 9. civilization 10. Neolithic Revolution 11. Domestication of plants and animals 12. nomadic pastoralism 13. migratory farmers 14. irrigation systems 15. metalworking 16. ethnocentrism 17. sedentary agriculture 18. shifting cultivation 19. slash-and-burn agriculture 20. cultural diffusion 21. specialization of labor 22. gender division of labor 23. metallurgy and metalworking 24. Fertile Crescent 25. Gilgamesh 26. Hammurabi’s Law Code 27. Egypt 28. Egyptian Book of the Dead 29. pyramids 30. hieroglyphics 31. Indus valley civilization 32. early China 33. the Celts 34. the Hittites and iron weapons 35. the Assyrians and cavalry warfare 36. The Persian Empire 37. The Hebrews and monotheism 38. the Phoenicians and the alphabet 39. the Lydians and coinage 40. Greek city-states 41. democracy 42. Persian Wars 43. Peloponnesian War 44. Alexander the Great 45. Hellenism 46. Homer 47. Socrates and Plato 48. Aristotle 49. Western scientific thought 50. Roman Republic 51. plebians vs. patricians 52. Punic Wars 53. Julius Caesar 54. Roman Empire 55. Qin, Han, Tang Dynasties 56. Shi Huangdi 57. Chinese tributary system 58. the Silk Road 59. Nara and Heian Japan 60. the Fujiwara clan 61. Lady Murasaki and “The Tale of Genji 62. Central Asia and Mongolia 63. the Aryan invasion of India 64. Dravidians 65. Indian caste system 66. Ashoka 67. Constantinople/Byzantine Empire 68. Justinian 69. early Medieval Europe “Dark Ages” 70.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia and the World Economy in Historical Perspective
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 05/08/19, SPi 4 Asia and the World Economy in Historical Perspective Ronald Findlay ‘History, then, is not taken to be predetermined, but within the power of man to shape. And the drama thus conceived is not necessarily tragedy.’1 Gunnar Myrdal, Asian Drama 1. Introduction The Asian world in Myrdal’s study essentially begins in the aftermath of the Second World War with the British withdrawal from their empire in Asia and Indian independence. These ‘initial conditions’ are taken as given without enquiry as to how they came to be what they were. This chapter can be considered as providing the missing historical background to Asian Drama, with the advantage of fifty years of hindsight. For convenience Asia will be divided into four regions: South Asia (what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka); East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan); Southeast Asia (the members of ASEAN from Myanmar to the Philippines) and Central Asia (the area east of China, west of Russia and Iran and north of India and Pakistan). The rest of this chapter is divided into six more sections. Section 2 provides the geographic, demographic, cultural, and political background to Asia over the period from 1000 to 1500. Section 3 describes the patterns of trade between the Asian nations and their overseas and overland contacts with the Middle East and Europe over the same period. Section 4 covers the European intrusion into Asia by the Portuguese Estado da India and the Dutch, English, and French East India Companies from 1500 to 1650, and the impact of the ‘discovery’ of the New World on Asian trade flows and economic systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Name and Fame Material Objects As Authority, Security, and Legacy
    4 Name and Fame Material Objects as Authority, Security, and Legacy Morgan Pitelka In 1603 the reigning emperor elevated Tokugawa Ieyasu to the office of shogun, confirming his decisive military victory over opponents in 1600 and his subse- quent, and far-reaching, assumption of governing prerogatives (from assigning landholdings to minting coins). Preceded by a fulsome courtship of imperial favor with gifts and ritual deference, the appointment led to both the amplified administrative initiatives and ceremonial performances that might secure a fragile peace. Ieyasu tacked back and forth between the imperial capital of Kyoto and his shogunal headquarters in Edo, working all political channels to build support for his regime. Backing mattered, particularly because the teenage heir of his for- mer lord—Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who first brought union to the warring states— remained with his mother at Osaka castle as a rallying point for doubters and the disaffected. A potential division in fealty compounded the dangers of a nascent rule. Ieyasu took the precaution, consequently, of resigning the office of shogun in 1605. Surprising for a hungry ruler still establishing his mandate, the decision was prudent for a would-be dynast. Succession tormented the houses of the warring states (1467–1603). Indeed, it was contests over the headship of three leading families that had provoked the opening hostilities of the Ōnin war in Kyoto and then tangled all provinces in violence. And, again and again, throughout the ordeals upending the Ashikaga shogunate and the very premises of medieval rule, problems over heirs shaped the course of conflict. Not least in Ieyasu’s immediate memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Link Integrity Techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electronics and Computer Science A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD Supervisor: Prof. Wendy Hall and Dr Les Carr Examiner: Dr Nick Gibbins Application of Link Integrity techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web by Rob Vesse February 10, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD by Rob Vesse As the Web of Linked Data expands it will become increasingly important to preserve data and links such that the data remains available and usable. In this work I present a method for locating linked data to preserve which functions even when the URI the user wishes to preserve does not resolve (i.e. is broken/not RDF) and an application for monitoring and preserving the data. This work is based upon the principle of adapting ideas from hypermedia link integrity in order to apply them to the Semantic Web. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hypothesis . .2 1.2 Report Overview . .8 2 Literature Review 9 2.1 Problems in Link Integrity . .9 2.1.1 The `Dangling-Link' Problem . .9 2.1.2 The Editing Problem . 10 2.1.3 URI Identity & Meaning . 10 2.1.4 The Coreference Problem . 11 2.2 Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1 Early Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1.1 Halasz's 7 Issues . 12 2.2.2 Open Hypermedia . 14 2.2.2.1 Dexter Model . 14 2.2.3 The World Wide Web .
    [Show full text]
  • The Tokugawa Shogunate
    New Dorp High School Social Studies Department AP Global Mr. Hubbs The Tokugawa Shogunate The Tokugawa Shogunate During the Ashikaga Shogunate, there was civil strife and by the late 15th century Japan fell into the hands of local warlords. There were three leaders that rebuilt Japan. Nobunaga began to reunify Japan. He was followed by Hideyoshi, who had gained control of all of Japan. After his death, the struggle for control was won by Ieyasu, who gained the title of Shogun and created Japan’s last Shogunate the Tokugawa. A strong central government was established. The Tokugawa ruled for a 250 year stretch of peace and stability. They did this by imposing controls designed to preserve the social and economic order as it existed in 1600. These controls included: 1. The system of alternate attendance: Each of the daimyo was required to spend every other year in Edo, and his family was required to reside in Edo at all times as hostages. 2. The class system of the nation became a caste system. Membership in a class was made hereditary, and classes were ranked according to their value to society. At the top were the samurai; second were the peasants; third were the skilled workers; and fourth were the merchants. 3. Japan was isolated. Portuguese traders came in the 16th century and were followed by Christian missionaries. Fearing the foreign influences that came with Christianity, the Tokugawa persecuted Christians. The Tokugawa feared all types of foreign influence. Because of this the Japanese were forbidden to go abroad, and Japanese in other countries were forbidden to return.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Ruler Longevity in Merit and Feudal Institutions Cody Schmidt Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Constraints that Bind? A Comparison of Ruler Longevity in Merit and Feudal Institutions Cody Schmidt Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the History Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Schmidt, Cody, "Constraints that Bind? A Comparison of Ruler Longevity in Merit and Feudal Institutions" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15806. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15806 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Constraints that bind? A comparison of ruler longevity in merit and feudal institutions by Cody Schmidt A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: Political Science Program of Study Committee: Robert Urbatsch, Major Professor Jonathan Hassid Amy Erica Smith Mack Shelley Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Cody Schmidt, 2016. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1500-1800 12 Century: Imperial System Dissolved. Japan Controlled by Regional Warlords
    Japan: 1500-1800 12th Century: imperial system dissolved. Japan controlled by regional warlords ‘daimyo’ Warfare common Hideyoshi invaded Korea (1592) Korean and Japanese languages closely related, however Korea’s Yi Dynasty was influenced by China Korea did have military and technical skills, but Korea was still defeated by Japan (China was Korea’s ally) Hideyoshi died in 1598: Japan withdrew forces from Korea 1606: Japanese peace with Korea Korea was in disarray Manchus (Qing) strengthened greatly in Manchuria Tokugawa Shogunate up to 1800: Late-1500s: Ashikaga Shogunate lost control: wars among warlords Tokugawa Ieyasu brought local warlords under his administration in 1600 Tokugawa Shogunate: Gave loyal regional warlords rice lands close to capital (Edo) in central Japan Non-loyal regional warlords were given undeveloped lands at Northern and Southern extremes of Japanese Islands Emperor in Kyoto – no political power Political structure – important influence on the development of the economy Decentralized system of regional warlords – limited Japan’s ability to regulate merchant activities – but actually it led to stimulation of commercial activities Japan became well-spaced urban centers in all regions Regional warlords must visit Edo frequently – led to transportation infrastructure and commerce Example: wholesale rice exchanges Tokugawa: regulations on: price of rice interest rates moneylenders Reason: Status of the Samurai was threatened Samurai: became bureaucrats and consumers of luxury goods – led to independent merchant class:
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 18 the Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
    Chapter 18 The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam OUTLINE I. Introduction Because of the remarkable durability of Chinese civilization as well as its marvelous technological and economic innovations, other cultures began to imitate China. Japan, Korea, and Vietnam were all drawn into China’s cultural and political orbit in the postclassical period. Each of the three areas interacted with China differently, developing different cultural patterns adapted to local conditions. In all of the areas, Buddhism played a significant role in cultural transformation. Indian culture was filtered through China and passed on to these other regions. Buddhism also provided links between Korea and Japan. II. Japan: The Imperial Age A. Introduction Chinese cultural influence in Japan peaked during the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. In 646 the Japanese emperor introduced administrative reforms, the Taika reforms, intended to realign the Japanese government along Chinese models. Chinese patterns of court etiquette, diplomacy, historical writing, and Confucian philosophy became mandatory aspects of the Japanese court. Buddhism swept into Japan. The effort to merge Chinese and indegenous elements was often uneasy. The peasantry reworked Buddhism, merging it with worship of traditional Japanese nature sprits, the kami. B. Crisis at Nara and the Shift to Heian (Kyoto) The Taika reforms were intended to create anemperorwithabsolute powers assisted by a Chinese-style bureaucracy and supported by an army of conscripted peasants. Opposition to the reforms came from aristocratic families and from Buddhist monks. Buddhist monks had become so powerful in Japan that one of their number actually conspired to take over the throne in the 760s C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Zen and the Samurai: Rethinking Ties Between Zen and the Warrior
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Zen and the Samurai: Rethinking Ties Between Zen and the Warrior James Earl Hataway Jr. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Hataway, James Earl Jr., "Zen and the Samurai: Rethinking Ties Between Zen and the Warrior. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4486 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by James Earl Hataway Jr. entitled "Zen and the Samurai: Rethinking Ties Between Zen and the Warrior." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Philosophy. Miriam Levering, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Rachelle Scott, Johanna Stiebert Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by JamesEarl Hataway entitled "Zen and the Samurai: RethinkingTies Between Zen andthe Warrior." I have examined the final paper copy of this thesis for form and content and recommendthat it be accepted in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ein Schrein Als Manifest
    KAPITEL 2 Saijōsho Taigenkyū – ein Schrein als Manifest Der allgemeinen Bevölkerung Kyotos trat der Yoshida Shinto erst- mals 1484 in Gestalt eines neuartigen Bauwerks mit dem sonderba- ren Namen Saijōsho Taigenkyū (Weiheplatz und Schrein des Großen Ursprungs) entgegen. Dieser Schrein besaß eine für Shinto Schreine höchst ungewöhnliche Achteck-Form und war einem unüberbiet- baren Ensemble von Gottheiten geweiht: Zum einen dem „Gott des Großen Ursprungs“, Taigen sonshin, zum anderen der Gesamtheit aller japanischen kami. Wie war es möglich, einen solchen, bislang unbekannten Gott, der noch dazu über allen bekannten Gottheiten stehen sollte, plötz- lich neu einzuführen? Verletzte ein derartiges Unternehmen nicht die sakrosankte religiöse Ordnung rund um den Tenno und dessen Ahnengottheit Amaterasu? Paßte ein chinesisch klingender Name wie Taigen sonshin überhaupt in das traditionelle Pantheon der kami? Vor dem Hintergrund unseres heutigen Shinto-Verständnisses er- scheint das erste öffentliche Auftreten des Yoshida Shinto in der Tat als ein Skandal, als Provokation, als schamlose Hochstapelei und Anmaßung. Und je eingehender man sich die Details dieses Auftre- tens ansieht, umso nachhaltiger verstärkt sich dieser Eindruck. Wie kein andere Schrein in Japan verdeutlicht der Hauptschrein des Yoshida Shinto einen religiösen Führungsanspruch, der nicht nur den japanischen Archipel, sondern im Grunde das gesamte Universum in sich einschließt. Dieses selbstbewußte Auftreten wird allgemein als Zeichen des Durchbruchs von Yoshida Kanetomos Yuiitsu Shinto angesehen; als 40 KAPITEL 2 Erweis, daß diese Lehre in ihren Grundzügen vollendet war und begann, öffentliche Anerkennung zu finden. 1 Lehre und Bauwerk sind wie zwei verschiedene Medien, durch die der gleiche universale Anspruch, die zentrale religiöse Institution des Landes zu sein und alle kami des Landes zu repräsentieren, nach außen getragen werden soll.
    [Show full text]