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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Diplomová Práce 2021 Antonín Janák

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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Diplomová Práce 2021 Antonín Janák UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Diplomová práce 2021 Antonín Janák UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Vzestup televizní politické satiry v USA, ČR a Německu v novém tisíciletí Diplomová práce Autor práce: Antonín Janák Studijní program: Mediální studia Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Milan Kruml Rok obhajoby: 2021 Prohlášení 1. Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. 2. Prohlašuji, že práce nebyla využita k získání jiného titulu. 3. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zpřístupněna pro studijní a výzkumné účely. V Praze dne 4. května 2021 Antonín Janák Bibliografický záznam JANÁK, Antonín. Vzestup televizní politické satiry v USA, ČR a Německu v novém tisíciletí. Praha, 2021. 78 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky, Katedra mediálních studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Milan Kruml. Rozsah práce: 142 515 znaků Abstrakt Práce „Vzestup televizní politické satiry v USA, ČR a Německu v novém tisíciletí“ mapuje vývoj televizní politické satiry ve Spojených státech amerických, Německu a České republice v období od roku 2000 do současnosti s ohlédnutím do historie tohoto žánru v jednotlivých zemích i historické pozadí předcházející jejich vzniku. Zvláštní pozornost se soustředí na pořady, jež měly největší vliv na současnou podobu tohoto žánru a dále ovlivnily. První část práce představuje historii televizní politické satiry v jednotlivých zemích a představí jejich současné zástupce tohoto žánru, kteří mají největší vliv na její současnou podobu. Tato část také přiblíží nástrahy rozdílných kulturních prostředí, ve kterých pořady vznikaly, aby dodala celistvější pohled na úskalí vzniku politické satiry v současném mediálním světě. Ve druhé části budou vybrané pořady analyzovány z technického i formálního hlediska a pozornost se také soustředí na jejich hlavní moderátorské tváře. Právě role moderátorů je v tomto žánru jedním z nejdůležitějších prvků určujících jejich úspěšnost. Dále bude práce zkoumat další prvky, které jednotlivé pořady mezi sebou sdílejí a naopak prvky, ve kterých se jednotlivé pořady politické satiry rozlišují. Abstract The work "Rise of television political satire in the USA, Czech Republic and Germany in the new millennium" maps the development of television political satire in the United States, Germany and the Czech Republic in the period from 2000 to the present days with a look at the history of this genre in each respected country. Special attention is focused on the programs that had the greatest influence on the current form of this genre and influenced it the most. The first part of the work presents the history of television political satire in each individual country and introduces their current representatives of this genre, which have the greatest influence in the modern day. This section also introduces the obstacles of their cultural environment in which the shows were created to provide a more holistic view on obstacles that these shows have had to overcome in today's media world. In the second part, selected shows will be analysed from a technical and formal point of view and attention will also be focused on their hosts. The role of host in these shows is one of the most important elements which determine their future success. Furthermore, the work will examine other elements that individual programs share with each other and, conversely, the elements in which individual programs of political satire are distinguished. Klíčová slova Satira, politická satira, parodie, televizní pořad, humor, kritika, politika, humor Keywords Satire, political satire, parody, television show, humor, criticism, politics, humor Title/název práce Rise of television political satire in the USA, Czech Republic and Germany in the new millennium Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval mé rodině, která mě podporovala po celou dobu mého studia. Poděkování také patří mé přítelkyni Petře, jejíž obětavost, trpělivost a podpora mi pomáhaly zvládnout i nejtěžší chvíle při tvorbě této práce i mimo ni. V neposlední řadě dík patří také mým kamarádům ze studií, hlavně Míše a Michalovi, kteří mi pomohli najít řád ve chvílích, kdy mne přemáhal chaos. Obsah Úvod .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1 Politická televizní satira v USA...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 The Daily Show ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Počátek tisíciletí................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.2. Období největší popularity ............................................................................................................ 10 1.1.4. Odchod Jona Stewarta a éra Trevora Noaha .................................................................................. 12 1.1.5. The Daily Show with Trevor Noah ............................................................................................... 14 1.2. Last Week Tonight with John Oliver .................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 „Efekt Johna Olivera“ ..................................................................................................................... 17 1.3. Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj ............................................................................................................. 19 1.3.1 Zrušení pořadu a sledovanost ......................................................................................................... 22 1.4. Důvody vzestupu popularity politické satiry v USA v novém tisíciletí................................................ 23 1.4.1 Nástup nové generace ..................................................................................................................... 23 1.4.2. Humor je nejlepší učitel ................................................................................................................. 24 2. Televizní politická satira v Německu .......................................................................................................... 27 2.1 heute-show ............................................................................................................................................. 30 2.1.1 Tváře heute-show ............................................................................................................................ 31 2.1.2 Německý přístup ............................................................................................................................. 33 2.1.3 Sledovanost heute-show ................................................................................................................. 34 2.2 ZDF Magazin Royale ............................................................................................................................ 35 2.2.1 Neo Magazin Royal ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.2.2 ZDF Magazin Royale ..................................................................................................................... 40 3. Televizní politická satira v ČR .................................................................................................................... 42 3.1. Historie televizní politické satiry před rokem 2000 .............................................................................. 42 3.1. Kancelář Blaník .................................................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Šťastné pondělí ...................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Analytická část ............................................................................................................................................ 49 4.1. Metodika ............................................................................................................................................... 49 4.2. The Daily Show .................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.1 Analýza hlavního tématu ................................................................................................................ 50 4.2.2. Styl moderace Trevora Noaha ....................................................................................................... 52 4.3. Last Week Tonight ............................................................................................................................... 53 4.3.1. Analýza hlavního tématu ............................................................................................................... 53 4.3.2 Styl moderace Johna Olivera .......................................................................................................... 55 4.3.3. Důvody úspěchu pořadu ...............................................................................................................
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