Skeletal Maturity of Youths 12-17 Years

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Skeletal Maturity of Youths 12-17 Years Data from the Series 11 NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY Number 160 Skeletal Maturity Of Youths 12-17 Years United States Skeletal age (hand-wrist), onset of ossification and bone-specific skeletal ages by chronolog- ical age and sex of boys and girls 12-17 years of age as assessedby the Health Examination Survey Standard based primarily on the Greulich-Pyle Radiographic Atlas. DHEW Publication No. (H RA) 77-1642 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Health ResourcesAdministration National Center for Health Statistics Rockville, Md. November 1976 .— Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Roche, Alex F Skeletal maturity of youths 12-17 years, United States. (Vital and health statistics: Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey; no. 160) (DHEW publication; no. (HRA) 77-1642) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Youth–United States–Growth. 2. Bone–Growth. 3. Man-Age determination. L Roberts, Jean, joint author. II. Hamill, Peter V. V., joint author. III. Title. IV. Series: United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics: Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey, Data from the health examination survey; no. 160. V. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW publication; no. (HRA) 77-1642. [DNLM: 1. Age determination by Skeleton–In adolescence. 2. Bone de- velopment–In adolescence. W2 A N148vk no. 160] RA407.3.A347 no. 160 [RJ140] 312’.’973s 76-5857 ISBN 0-8406 -0070-4 [312’.6] .— For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printiug Office, Washington, D.C. 20402- Price $1.55 NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS DOROTHY P. RICE, Director ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis GAIL F. FISHER, Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems GEORGE P, FAILLA, Associate Director for Management PETER L, HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS ARTHUR J. McDOWELL, Director JEAN-PIERRE HABICHT, M.D., Ph.D., Special Assistant to Director PETER V. V. HAMILL, M.D., Medical Adviser JEAN ROBERTS, Chief Medical Statistics Branch ROBERT S. MURPHY, Chief Survey Planning and Development Branch COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for Health Statistics, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual agreement, participated in the design and select- ion of the sample, and carried out the first stage of the field interviewing and certtin P~S of the statistical processing. Vital and Health Statistics - Series 1l-No. 160 DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 77-1642 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 76-5857 CONTENTS Page Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 The Nature of Skeletal Maturation --------------------------- ----------- 3 Histological Changes ----------------------------------------------- 3 Radiographic Changes --------------------------- ------------------- 5 Scale of Maturity ------------------- ------------------ -------------- 5 The Usefulness of Skeletal Maturi~ Assessments ----------------------- 6 The Health Examination Survey Standard --------------------------- ----- 8 Method . --------------------------- ---------------------------- ------ 8 Field Radiography - --------------------------- --------- ------------ 9 Training of Assessors ---------------------------------------------- 9 Assessment Procedure --------------------- ------- -------------- --- 10 Findings - ---------------- -----”-” ------- -------- -------- *------ ------ 11 Skeletal Age (H=d-Wrist) ------------------------------------------ 11 Bone-Specific Skeletal Ages ----------------------------------------- 23 Range of Bone-Specific Skeletal Ages -------------------------------- 28 Onset of Ossification ----------------------------------------------- 28 Epiphyseal Fusion --------------------------- ------------------ ----- 30 Youths Also Examined as Children --------------------------- ---------- 32 Discussion “—------ --------------------------- ------------------------ 34 Mean Skeletal Age (Hand-Wrist) ------------------- ------------------ - 36 Variability of Means -------------------- -------------------- -------- 41 Bone-Specific Skeletal Ages -------------------- -------------------- - 41 Onset of Ossification --------- --------------- -------- ---------------- 43 Epiphyseal Fusion -------------------------------------------------- 43 Youths Also Examined as ChiMren ---------- ------------------------- 43 Conclusion ------- --------------- --------------- -------- ------------ 44 Summary - ----.-------” ----- “-------- --------------------------- ----- 44 Epiphyseal Fusion ----------.------------” ------------ -------------- 45 Youths Also Examined as Chiltien ----------------------------------- 45 References ---.” ---------------------- “-------- ------------.---” ------- 47 List of Detailed Tables ---------------------- ------- ------------------- 53 ill Page Appendix I. Statistical Notes ------------------ ----- ”--- . --- . -- .------” 85 The Survey Design --------------------- ------- . ----------- ..---”---- 85 Reliabili~--------------------------------------------------------- 86 Sampling and Measurement Error --------------------------- --------- 87 Small Numbers ----” ---------------------- --------- ---------------- 87 Appendix II. Reliability of Assessments ---------------------------- ---- 89 Area Skeletal Ages -------- ------- -------------- -------------------- 90 Bone-Specific Skeletal Ages --------------------------- -------------- 90 Factors Influencing Replicabili~------------------------------------- 90 SYMBOLS Data not available -------------------------------------- --- Category nonapplicable ------------------------------- . Quantity zero --------------------------------------------- - Quantity morethan Obutless than 0.05----- 0.0 Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision ------------------------------ * SKELETALMATURITY OF YOUTHS 12-17YEARS tiexF. Roche, M.D., Fek Research Insitute, Jean Roberts and Peter V. V. Hard, M.D., Division of Health Examination Statistics INTRODUCTION port were obtained, collects health data by direct physical examinations, tests, and measurements This report presents national estimates of performed on samples of the population. The latter the levels of skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist program provides the best way of obtaining actual for noninstitutionalized United States youths age diagnostic data on the prevalence of certain medi- 12-17 years based on findings from the Health cally defined illnesses. It is the only effective way Examination Survey of 1966-70. This is the first to secure information on unrecognized and undiag- time estimates of skeletal maturity have been nosed conditions and on many physical, physiologi- made for the youth age span in this or any other cal, and psychological measures within the popula- country, but national estimates from a corre- tion. It also collects demographic and socioeco- sponding study of children age 6-11 years in the nomic data on the sample population under study to United States in 1963-65 have been reported pre- which the examination findings may be related. viously. 1,2 These national studies provide esti- The Health Examination Survey is organized mates of known reliability against which future as a series of separate programs or cycles, each possible changes in skeletal maturation rates for of which is limited to some specific segment of the country as a whole can be judged. the U.S. population and to specific aspects of The Health Examination Survey is one of the health. From data collected during the first cycle, major programs of the National Center for Health the prevalence of certain chronic diseases and the Statistics authorized under the National Health distribution of various physical and physiological Survey Act of 1956 by the 84th Congress as a con- measures were determined on a cross-section of tinuing Public Health Service function to determine the defined adult population as previously de- the health status of the United States population. scribed. 4’5 Four types of survey programs are used to For the second cycle or program, a probabil- carry out the intent of the National Health Survey.3 ityy sample of the noninstitutionalized children 6-11 The Health Interview Survey, collecting informa- years of age in the United States was selected and tion from samples of people by household inter- examined in 1963-65. The examination in this view, is focused primarily on the impact of illness cross- sectional study primarily assessed health and disability within various population groups. factors related to growth and development as de- The programs in the Divisions of Health Resources scribed in a previous report. G Utilization Statistics and Health Manpower and The third cycle, on which findings in this re- Facilities Statistics obtain health data as well as port are based, was designed as in the preceding health resource and utilization information childrenls program to collect data on the health through surveys of hospitals, nursing homes, and status of the youth population with particular em- other resident institutions and the entire range of phasis on factors and conditions related to their personnel in the health occupations. The Health
Recommended publications
  • Association Between Dietary Habits and Parental Health with Obesity Among Children with Precocious Puberty
    children Article Association between Dietary Habits and Parental Health with Obesity among Children with Precocious Puberty 1, 1, 2 1 3, Yong Hee Hong y , Yeon Ju Woo y, Jong Hyun Lee , Young-Lim Shin and Hee-Sook Lim * 1 Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; [email protected] (Y.H.H.); [email protected] (Y.J.W.); [email protected] (Y.-L.S.) 2 Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Gumi 39371, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work as first author. y Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020 Abstract: Precocious puberty, resulting in various physical, mental, and social changes, may have negative consequences for children and their families. In this study, we investigated whether there were differences between parental obesity, children’s and parent’s awareness of body shape, and dietary habits according to obesity levels in children with precocious puberty. A total of 193 children (93.3% girls) diagnosed with precocious puberty were classified into three groups according to their obesity levels. Negative body shape awareness and dissatisfaction were significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal-weight group, and parents were more likely to perceive their children as fat than the children themselves. In addition, the obesity rate of parents in the obese group was higher, and the body mass indexes of children and parents were significantly correlated.
    [Show full text]
  • Meyer Dysplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Hip Disease in Young Children
    ARTICLE Meyer Dysplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Hip Disease in Young Children Liora Harel, MD; Liora Kornreich, MD; Shai Ashkenazi, MD, MSc; Avinoam Rachmel, MD; Boaz Karmazyn, MD; Jacob Amir, MD Objectives: To describe a rare developmental disorder Results: Two of the 5 patients were initially diagnosed of the femoral capital epiphysis in infants and children as having osteomyelitis and 3 as having Perthes disease. that is often misdiagnosed and to suggest an evaluation The diagnosis of Meyer dysplasia was confirmed by plain protocol to differentiate it from other hip problems. film of the pelvis, a negative bone scan, or normal bone marrow findings on magnetic resonance imaging. The Design: Case series. limping resolved without treatment in all patients within 1 to 3 weeks. Setting: Tertiary care center. Conclusions: Meyer dysplasia is a benign condition that Subjects: Five consecutive patients referred for evalu- should be included in the differential diagnosis of hip dis- ation of acute onset of limping between January 1990 and ease in infants and children. Awareness of this condi- December 1997. tion may prevent unnecessary hospitalization and treat- ment. Intervention: All clinical and imaging data were col- lected. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:942-945 5 patients. The 5 children included 4 males Editor’s Note: Keep this in mind next time you see a limping and 1 female aged 9 to 48 months. All pre- toddler or preschooler. sented with acute onset of limping of 2 to Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD 30 days’ duration. Patient 3 was being ob- served by a pediatric endocrinologist for short stature, and patient 4 had a family EYER dysplasia is a history of congenital dislocation of the hip symptomless develop- and Perthes disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Teeth, Wrist and Femur Bone Features for Age and Gender Identifiction
    Vidyashree H S et al. / International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE) IDENTIFICATION OF TEETH, WRIST AND FEMUR BONE FEATURES FOR AGE AND GENDER IDENTIFICTION Vidyashree H S Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, India. Email: [email protected] Pradeep N Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Personal identification is defined as establishing the identity of an individual. The need for personal identification arises in natural mass disasters like earth quakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods etc., and in man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, mass murders, and in cases when the body is highly decomposed or dismembered to deliberately conceal the identity of the individual. Computers have been widely used in the field of medical research over the past few decades. Machine Learning and Biomedical Image Processing Techniques have enormously contributed in the field of Medical Image Analysis, classification and recognition. But fewer contributions have been made in the area of forensics by researchers. There is a scope for researches, where they can make their contributions especially in medical image analysis where they can estimate age and identify gender using digital X-ray images. In this paper, we are identifying features of Femur, Teeth and Wrist features that are helpful for age and gender identification. Keywords- Forensic Science, Femur Bone Age, Gender Estimation, teeth, wrist bone age and gender comparison. I.INTRODUCTION The age of an individual is often a fundamental piece of data in connection with forensic identification of unidentified bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Clinical Characteristics and Mutation Analysis of Two Chinese Children with 17A-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase Deficiency
    Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(10):19132-19137 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0013391 Original Article Clinical characteristics and mutation analysis of two Chinese children with 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency Ziyang Zhu, Shining Ni, Wei Gu Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China Received July 25, 2015; Accepted September 10, 2015; Epub October 15, 2015; Published October 30, 2015 Abstract: Combined with the literature, recognize the clinical features and molecular genetic mechanism of the disease. 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is caused by muta- tions in the cytochrome P450c17 gene (CYP17A1), and characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, female sexual infantilism or male pseudohermaphroditism. We presented the clinical and biochemical characterization in two patients (a 13 year-old girl (46, XX) with hypokalemia and lack of pubertal development, a 11 year-old girl (46, XY) with female external genitalia and severe hypertension). CYP17A1 mutations were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing in patients and their parents. A homozygous mutation c.985_987delTACinsAA (p.Y329KfsX418) in Exon 6 was found in patient 1, and a homozygous deletion mutation c.1459_1467delGACTCTTTC (p.Asp487_Phe489del) in exon 8 in patient 2. The patients manifested with hypertension, hypokalemia, sexual infantilism should be sus- pected of having 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. Definite diagnosis is depended on mutation analysis. Hydrocortisone treatment in time is crucial to prevent severe hypertension and hypokalemia. Keywords: 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency Introduction patients with 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase defi- ciency, and made a confirmative diagnosis by Deficiency in cytochrome p450c17 (MIM mutation analysis of CYP17A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton a Primer for Radiologists Alan E
    Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton A Primer for Radiologists Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton A Primer for Radiologists With illustrations by Tamar Kahane Oestreich 123 Alan E. Oestreich, MD, FACR Radiology 5031 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnett Ave. Cincinnati OH 45229-3039 USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2007933312 ISBN 978-3-540-37688-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con- cerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publica- tion or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media http//www.springer.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regula- tions and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Medical Editor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEW ARTICLE Interactions Between GH, IGF-I, Glucocorticoids
    0031-3998/02/5202-0137 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 52, No. 2, 2002 Copyright © 2002 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. REVIEW ARTICLE Interactions between GH, IGF-I, Glucocorticoids, and Thyroid Hormones during Skeletal Growth HELEN ROBSON, THOMAS SIEBLER, STEPHEN M. SHALET, AND GRAHAM R. WILLIAMS Department of Clinical Research [H.R.], Department of Endocrinology [S.M.S.], Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester, U.K.; University Children’s Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany [T.S.]; IC Molecular Endocrinology Group, Division of Medicine and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College School of Science Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K. [G.R.W.] ABSTRACT Linear growth occurs during development and the childhood Abbreviations years until epiphyseal fusion occurs. This process results from 5'-DI, 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase endochondral ossification in the growth plates of long bones and FGF, fibroblast growth factor is regulated by systemic hormones and paracrine or autocrine FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor factors. The major regulators of developmental and childhood GC, glucocorticoid growth are GH, IGF-I, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone. GHR, GH receptor Sex steroids are responsible for the pubertal growth spurt and GR, glucocorticoid receptor epiphyseal fusion. This review will consider interactions between HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycan GH, IGF-I, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone during linear 11␤HSD, 11␤-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase growth. It is well known from physiologic and clinical studies IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor that these hormones interact at the level of the hypothalamus and IGFBP, IGF binding protein pituitary. Interacting effects on peripheral tissues such as liver are Ihh, Indian hedgehog also well understood, but we concentrate here on the epiphyseal JAK-2, Janus-activated kinase-2 growth plate as an important and newly appreciated target organ PTHrP, PTH-related peptide for convergent hormone action.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Best Practice Imaging for Age Estimation in the Living
    Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 16 (2019) 38–49 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jofri Guidelines for best practice: Imaging for age estimation in the living T ⁎ Edel Doylea, , Nicholas Márquez-Grantb, Lisa Fieldc, Trish Holmesa, Owen J Arthursd,e,f, Rick R. van Rijng,h, Lucina Hackmani, Kathleen Kasperj, Jim Lewisk,l, Peter Loomism, Denise Elliotta, Jeroen Krolla,n, Mark Vinera,b,o, Soren Blaup, Alison Broughq,r, Stella Martín de las Herass, Pedro Manuel Garamendit,u,v a International Association of Forensic Radiographers, UK b Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom,UK c International Society of Radiographers & Radiologic Technologists, UK d Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK e UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK f ISFRI Paediatric Working Group, Switzerland g Department of Radiology, Emma Children's Hospital – Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands h Department of Forensic Medicine, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands i Leverhulme Centre for Forensic Science, Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK j Tarrant County Medical Examiner's District, Ft. Worth, Texas; Forensic Odontologist, Collin County Medical Examiner, McKinney, TX, USA k The University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Dentistry, Division of Forensic Odontology,
    [Show full text]
  • Hand-Wrist Bone Age in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mary Elizabeth Martin University of Tennessee Health Science Center
    University of Tennessee Health Science Center UTHSC Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations (ETD) College of Graduate Health Sciences 5-2006 Hand-Wrist Bone Age in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mary Elizabeth Martin University of Tennessee Health Science Center Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations Part of the Neoplasms Commons Recommended Citation Martin, Mary Elizabeth , "Hand-Wrist Bone Age in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" (2006). Theses and Dissertations (ETD). Paper 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/etd.cghs.2006.0203. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Graduate Health Sciences at UTHSC Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (ETD) by an authorized administrator of UTHSC Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hand-Wrist Bone Age in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Document Type Thesis Degree Name Master of Dental Science (MDS) Program Orthodontics Research Advisor Edward Harris, Ph.D. Committee William Parris, D.D.S., M.S. Quinton C Robinson, D.D.S., M.S. DOI 10.21007/etd.cghs.2006.0203 This thesis is available at UTHSC Digital Commons: https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations/161 HAND-WRIST BONE AGE IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA A Thesis Presented for The Graduate Studies Council The University of Tennessee Health Science Center In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Dental Science From The University of Tennessee By Mary Elizabeth Martin, D.D.S. May 2006 Copyright © Mary Elizabeth Martin, 2006 All rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Bone Age: a Digital Atlas of Skeletal Maturity
    V. Gilsanz/O. Ratib · Hand Bone Age Vicente Gilsanz · Osman Ratib Hand Bone Age A Digital Atlas of Skeletal Maturity With 88 Figures Vicente Gilsanz, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Radiology Childrens Hospital Los Angeles 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS#81 Los Angeles, CA 90027 Osman Ratib, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Radiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA 100 Medical Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095 This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the printed version of the book. ISBN 3-540-20951-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2004114078 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media http://www.springeronline.com A Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Bone Age: a Digital Atlas of Skeletal Maturity, Second Edition
    Hand Bone Age Vicente Gilsanz • Osman Ratib Hand Bone Age A Digital Atlas of Skeletal Maturity Second Edition Prof. Vicente Gilsanz Prof. Osman Ratib Department of Radiology University Hospital of Geneva Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Nuclear Medicine Division 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS#81 24, Rue Micheli-du-Crest Los Angeles, CA 90027 1205 Geneva USA Switzerland ISBN 978-3-642-23761-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-23762-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23762-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940860 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protec- tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Plate Modulation Through Nutrition Supports Catch-Up Growth
    H ILD OO H D Growth Plate Modulation C ROSS PETERSON, PHD Through Nutrition Supports Regulatory Science & Innovation GROWTH & Abbott Nutrition NUTRITION E Catch-up growth X S P E RT SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW The height a child achieves in adulthood is the result of dynamic processes that THE GROWTH PLATE OF A LONG BONE IS WHERE Figure 1 CHONDROGENESIS OCCURS occur at the growth plate of long bones.1 Each long bone has at least two growth plates that determine the future length and shape of the mature bone through a process called chondrogenesis (Figure 1).2 Genetic factors like parental height are an important determinant of a child’s height, but environmental factors such as nutrition during childhood also affect bone growth. Nutrition provides the required “building blocks” for optimal growth, including energy, proteins and micronutrients.1 Without adequate nutrition, children will be at high risk of Growth Linear becoming underweight and not achieving their growth potential.3 In times of nutrient deficiencies, the growth plates of long bones conserve growth capacity by delaying senescence. When nutrition improves, growth factors reactivate the growth plates, and growth takes place at a faster-than-usual rate: Figure 2 INTERVENE EARLY TO MAXIMIZE HEIGHT POTENTIAL this type of growth is known as catch-up growth (Figure 2).4 Ultimately, a child’s bone growth velocity decreases to zero (i.e., growth stops) after growth plate senescence in late puberty. SIZE Nutritional Intervention Point About 60% of adult height is achieved within the first 5 years of life, and growth Normal growth Impaired growth continues until late puberty.5 For a child to reach his or her full-growth potential, it Type A catch-up growth is crucial to identify those who fall behind during the active growth interval.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Associated with Advanced Bone Age in Overweight and Obese Children
    Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):89-97 https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2020.23.1.89 pISSN 2234-8646·eISSN 2234-8840 Original Article Factors associated with Advanced Bone Age in Overweight and Obese Children Min-Su Oh ,1 Sorina Kim ,1 Juyeon Lee ,1 Mu Sook Lee ,2 Yoon-Joo Kim ,1 and Ki-Soo Kang 1 1Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea 2Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea Received: Jul 7, 2019 ABSTRACT Accepted: Oct 2, 2019 Correspondence to Purpose: Obese children may often present with advanced bone age. We aimed to evaluate Ki-Soo Kang the correlation between factors associated with childhood obesity and advanced bone age. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Methods: We enrolled 232 overweight or obese children. Anthropometric and laboratory and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, 102 data, and the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were measured. We analyzed Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea. factors associated with advanced bone age by measuring the differences between bone and E-mail: [email protected] chronological ages. Results: The normal and advanced bone age groups were comprised of 183 (78.9%) and 49 Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society of (21.1%) children, respectively. The prevalence of advanced bone age significantly increased as Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition the percentiles of height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) increased. This is an open-access article distributed BMI z-score was higher in the advanced bone age group than in the normal bone age group under the terms of the Creative Commons (2.43±0.52 vs.
    [Show full text]