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The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel

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The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2013 The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel Zaidao Yang University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Yang, Zaidao, "The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4714. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4714 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel by Zaidao Yang A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Engineering Materials in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2012 ©2012 Zaidao Yang Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-84862-3 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-84862-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. The Use of Nitriding to Enhance Wear Resistance of Cast Irons and 4140 Steel by Zaidao Yang APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ Randy J. Bowers, Program Reader Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ Leo Oriet, Outside Program Reader Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering ______________________________________________ Xichen Sun, Industrial Advisor Chrysler LLC Technology Center (CTC) ______________________________________________ Derek O. Northwood, Advisor Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ H. Hu, Chair of Defense Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering November 05, 2012 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT This research is focused on using nitriding to enhance the wear resistance of austempered ductile iron (ADI), ductile iron (DI), and gray iron (GI), and 4140 steel. Three gas nitriding processes, namely “Gas nitriding + nitrogen cooled down to 800oF (Blue)”, “Gas nitriding + cooled down to 300oF (Gray)”, and “Gas nitriding + oil quenched (Oil)” were used for the cast irons. Three salt bath nitriding processes, namely Isonite, QP (Quench, Polish) and QPQ (Quench, Polish, Quench) were used for the 4140 steel. This study was carried out through optical metallography, roughness measurements, microhardness, and SEM. The ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted under lubricated conditions. It was found that COF for all materials in all nitrided conditions was small (<0.045). The best wear performance was seen for ADI processed using the Gray and Oil gas nitriding processes. For the 4140 steel, The surface microhardness of the ISONITE specimen was around 1400HV. QP and QPQ processes produce a surface microhardness of 2000-2200HV, which suggests that they may show improved wear behaviour compared to ISONITE- treated steels. iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Prof. Derek O Northwood and Dr. Xichen Sun. They are both my respected and beloved supervisors for my life and academic career. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I would like to present my heartfelt appreciation to my great supervisor Prof. Derek O. Northwood for funding my M.A.Sc degree, and remarkable work to help me to prepare the thesis. Also thanks are extended to Dr. Xichen Sun, my industrial advisor from Chrysler Technical Center who provided a number of supports on the experiments and on my life. He is a warm hearted and wonderful man. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Derek O. Northwood, Dr. Randy J. Bowers, Dr. Leo Oriet and Dr. Xichen Sun, for their helpful discussion. Furthermore, I would also like to thank Hao Ma, Xiangnan Zhao, and Yanda Zou for their much appreciated support in the laboratory. Thanks also to Jin Qian for microhardness testing, Ying Chen for roughness measurements, Sharon Lackie and Dr. Gang Li for SEM, and Andy Jenner and Steven Budinsky for cutting the samples. Also thanks are extended to Rebecca Lumbreras from Oakland University for the wear testing. In the end, to all of my dear colleagues and friends, I am glad to have come to Canada and spent this wonderful period of time with you. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION .....................................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................x LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..……………………………………………..1 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research scope .................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE…….……………………………..4 2.1 Cast Irons and 4140 steel ................................................................. 4 2.1.1 History and classification of cast irons ........................................4 2.1.2 GI .................................................................................................9 2.1.3 DI ...............................................................................................11
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