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796099 02.Pdf (11.14Mb) CLASS AND PARTY: VOTING BEHAVIOR IN THE LATE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH Volume II A Dissertation by ROBIN EDWARD BAKER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 1989 Major Subject: History CLASS AND PARTY: VOTING BEHAVIOR IN THE LATE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH Volume II A Dissertation by Robin Edward Baker Approved as to style and content by: Dale Baum (Chair of Committee) Walter L. Buenger Claude H. Hall (Member) (Member) Roger A. Beaumont Arnold P. Krammer (Member) Larrfr D. Hill (Head or Department) May 1989 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I Page ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 II ELECTORAL ALIGNMENT AND REALIGNMENT IN THE LOWER SOUTH, 1828-1856. ... 15 III STABILITY AND CHANGE: VOTING PATTERNS IN THE UPPER SOUTH 1828-1856 76 IV THE BANNER OF PARTY: SOUTHERN KNOW-NOTHINGS AND THE ELECTION OF JAMES BUCHANAN 138 V BLACK REPUBLICANISM OR THE UNION! UPPER AND LOWER SOUTH VOTING PATTERNS IN THE 1860 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. 187 VI SLAVEHOLDERS AND SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS: PREEMPTIVE COUNTERREVOLUTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 241 Volume II VII THE BATTLE FOR THE UNION: THE SECESSION CRISIS IN THE UPPER SOUTH . 296 VIII CONCLUSION 351 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 66 APPENDIX A 398 APPENDIX B 412 APPENDIX C 425 APPENDIX D 435 IV Page APPENDIX E 448 APPENDIX F 462 APPENDIX G 475 APPENDIX E. 489 APPENDIX 1 500 APPENDIX J 514 APPENDIX K 528 APPENDIX L 542 APPENDIX X 54 6 VITA 550 V LIST OF TASTES Page TABLE 1.1. ESTIMATED VOTER TURNOUT IN INDIVIDUAL STATES OF THE UPPER SOUTH AND IN THE UPPER SCJUIHEBN STATES COMBINED. PRESIDENTIAL AND SECESSION ELECTIONS. 12 TABLE 1.2. ESTIMATED VOTER TURNOUT IN INDIVIDUAL STATES OF THE LOWER SOUTH AND IN THE DOWER SOUIHERN STATES COMBINED. PRESIDENTIAL AND SECESSION ELECTIONS. 13 TABLE 2.1 TRANSITION PROBABILITIES OF VOTING BEHAVIOR IN SELECTED PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN THE ANTEBELLUM LOWER SOUTH 1828-1856 19 TABLE 2.2. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1828 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 26 TABLE 2.3. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 27 TABLE 2.4. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS IN 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL EIECTION IN MISSISSIPPI 30 TABLE 2.5. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN MISSISSIPPI. ... 31 TABLE 2.6. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1828 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN LOUISIANA 35 TABLE 2.7. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN LOUISIANA 36 TABLE 2.8. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN LOUISIANA 37 VI Page TABLE 2.9. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 43 TABLE 2.10. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUIH 44 TABLE 2.11. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUIH 48 TABLE 2.12. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN LOUISIANA 50 TABLE 2.13. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 51 TABLE 2.14. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 54 TABLE 2.15. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUIH 56 TABLE 2.16. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ALABAMA 59 TABLE 2.17. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ALABAMA 61 TABLE 2.18. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ALABAMA 62 TABLE 2.19. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 64 Vll Page TABLE 2.20. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 65 TABLE 2.21. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 67 TABLE 2.22. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOUTH 69 TABLE 2.23. VOTER INTEREST AND PARTY COMPETITION. THE LOWER SOOTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: 1828-1860 71 TABLE 2.24. VOTER INTEREST AND PARTY COMPETITION. LOUISIANA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: 1828-1860 73 TABLE 2.25. VOTER INTEREST AND PARTY COMPETITION. TEXAS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: 1848-1860 74 TABLE 3.1. TRANSITION PROBABILITIES OF VOTING BEHAVIOR IN SELECTED ELECTIONS IN THE ANTEBELLUM UPPER SOOTH, 1828-1856 77 TABLE 3.2. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1828 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SOUTH 84 TABLE 3.3 ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1828 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SCOTH 87 TABLE 3.4. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SOUTH 89 TABLE 3.5. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1828 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SCOTH 91 TABLE 3.6. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SCOTH 92 VI Page TABLE 3.7. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1832 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE 94 TABLE 3.8. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE 95 TABLE 3.9. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1836 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ARKANSAS 98 TABLE 3.10. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ARKANSAS 104 TABLE 3.11. ESTIMATED P3ELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE. 105 TABLE 3.12. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ARKANSAS 108 TABLE 3.13. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE. 110 TABLE 3.14. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1840 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NORTH CARDLLNA 113 TABLE 3.15. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1844 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NORTH CARDLLNA 114 TABLE 3.16. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN VIRGINIA 116 TABLE 3.17. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SOUTH 120 IX Page TABLE 3.18. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN ARKANSAS 122 TABLE 3.19. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SOOTH 123 TABLE 3.20. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN VIRGINIA 124 TABLE 3.21. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NORTH CAROLINA 126 TABLE 3.22. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN NORTH CAROLINA 128 TABLE 3.23. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE 130 TABLE 3.24. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN TENNESSEE 133 TABLE 3.25. VOTER INTEREST AND PARTY COMPETITION. THE UPPER SOOTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: 1828-1860 135 TABLE 3.26. VOTER INTEREST AND PARTY COMPETITION. ARKANSAS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: 1836-1860 136 TABLE 4.1. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE LOWER SOOTH 141 TABLE 4.2. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE 1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND SUBSEQUENT VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE UPPER SOOTH 142 X Page TABLE 4.3. ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND VOTING IN THE 1856 PRESIDENTIAL
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