Edgar Morin and Henri Atlan Introduction the Concepts Of
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“The State of Food Insecurity and Nutrition in the World” U.N.. FAO 2017
9/18/2017 “The Sometimes Misguided Pursuit of ‘Health’ and Thinness: Some Cultural Perspectives.” Paul Rozin Villanova September 15, 2017 Marasmus: energy Kwashiorkor: protein deficiency deficiency “The state of food insecurity and nutrition in the world” U.N.. FAO 2017 • “In 2016 the number of chronically undernourished people in the world is estimated to have increased to 815 million, up from 777 million in 2015 although still down from about 900 million in 2000.” 1 9/18/2017 World obesity 2010 • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/f s311/en/ • In the world, over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women are obese World Obesity (CIA, 2008) Obesity BMI>=30 as % of all adults • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the -world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html • 1. American Samoa 74.6% • 18. USA 33.0% • 23. Mexico 32.1% • 102. Brazil 18.8% • 108. France 18.2% • 157. Japan 5.0% • 184. India 1.9% The obesity epidemic • Since 2000 • Not an epidemic • Not contagious • Not a growth curve like an epidemic • For Americans in last 20 years – About 1.5 pound gain per year 2 9/18/2017 Epidemic versus “Slow crawl” The obesity epidemic • For Americans in last 20 years –About 1.5 pound gain per year “obesity”: mention in American English Books, 1900-2008 1900 1950 2000 3 9/18/2017 Obesity questionnaire • Blank page • Your position (.e.g., nurse) • BMI = (weight in kg)/(height in m2) • Criterion for obesity: BMI>= ? • Height is squared in the denominator of BMI • Why? BMI: Why is height squared? Quetelet: 19 century Assume 1 square meter -
Writing the History of Dynamical Systems and Chaos
Historia Mathematica 29 (2002), 273–339 doi:10.1006/hmat.2002.2351 Writing the History of Dynamical Systems and Chaos: View metadata, citation and similar papersLongue at core.ac.uk Dur´ee and Revolution, Disciplines and Cultures1 brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector David Aubin Max-Planck Institut fur¨ Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] and Amy Dahan Dalmedico Centre national de la recherche scientifique and Centre Alexandre-Koyre,´ Paris, France E-mail: [email protected] Between the late 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s, the wide recognition that simple dynamical laws could give rise to complex behaviors was sometimes hailed as a true scientific revolution impacting several disciplines, for which a striking label was coined—“chaos.” Mathematicians quickly pointed out that the purported revolution was relying on the abstract theory of dynamical systems founded in the late 19th century by Henri Poincar´e who had already reached a similar conclusion. In this paper, we flesh out the historiographical tensions arising from these confrontations: longue-duree´ history and revolution; abstract mathematics and the use of mathematical techniques in various other domains. After reviewing the historiography of dynamical systems theory from Poincar´e to the 1960s, we highlight the pioneering work of a few individuals (Steve Smale, Edward Lorenz, David Ruelle). We then go on to discuss the nature of the chaos phenomenon, which, we argue, was a conceptual reconfiguration as -
Pagina Tuttostoria
16-fischler:16-fischler 14-12-2011 10:10 Pagina 217 O RIGINAL ARTICLE C. F ISCHLER The nutritional cacophony may be detrimental to your health PROGRESS IN NUTRITION Summary VOL . 13 , N. 3, 217-221, 2011 Contemporary societies live in a growing cacophony of health and nutri - tion news, advice, opinions, beliefs and recipes. This cacophony tends to TITOLO raise the level of anxiety, yet there is no evidence that it can bring about La cacofonia nutrizionale può significant health benefits. In the developed world, health policies have essere dannosa per la salute been governed more often than not by implicit assumptions which are discussed and criticized. The role of social and cultural dimensions in KEY WORDS food and eating patterns is discussed and some novel directions for re - Health news coverage, policies, search are suggested. In particular, the paper hints at the need for com - prevention, comparative approach, parative approaches between similarly developed countries and the pos - Western diets, social cultural, sible positive role of social-cultural factors such as commensality or cer - eating patterns, time use, tain forms of it. commensality, France, UK, US Riassunto PAROLE CHIAVE Le società contemporanee vivono in una cacofonia crescente di notizie, Copertura delle notizie sulla salute, consigli, opinioni, credenze e ricette sulla salute e sulla nutrizione. Ques - politiche, prevenzione, approccio ta cacofonia tende ad aumentare il livello di ansia ma non vi è alcuna comparativo, diete occidentali, prova che possa portare significativi vantaggi per la salute. Nel mondo cultura sociale, abitudini sviluppato le politiche sulla salute sono state regolate il più delle volte da alimentari, uso del tempo, assunzioni implicite che sono state discusse e criticate. -
Metabiology and the Complexity of Natural Evolution
Arturo Carsetti Biology ︱ system being studied. In addition, he The tree-like branching of evolution is investigated the boundaries of semantic programmed by natural selection. information in order to outline the principles of an adequate intentional information theory. LuckyStep/Shutterstock.com Metabiology and SELF-ORGANISATION Professor Carsetti quotes Henri Atlan – “the function self-organises together with its meaning” – to highlight the prerequisite of both a conceptual the complexity of theory of complexity and a theory of self-organisation. Self-organisation refers to the process whereby complex systems develop order via internal processes, also in the absence of natural evolution external intended constraints or forces. It can be described in terms of network In his study of metabiology, rturo Carsetti is Professor Vittorio Somenzi, Ilya Prigogine, Heinz properties such as connectivity, making Arturo Carsetti, from the of Philosophy of Science von Foerster and Henri Atlan, Arturo it an ideal subject for complexity theory University of Rome Tor Vergata, A at the University of Carsetti became interested in applying and artificial life research. In accordance new mathematics. This is a mathematics Chaitin’s insight into biological reviews existing theories Rome Tor Vergata and Editor Cybernetics and Information Theory with Carsetti’s main thesis, we have that necessarily moulds coder’s activity. evolution led him to view “life as and explores novel concepts of the Italian Journal for to living systems. Subsequently, to recognise that, at the level of a Hence the importance of articulating evolving software”. He employed regarding the complexity the Philosophy of Science during his stay in Trieste he worked biological cognitive system, sensibility and inventing each time a mathematics algorithmic information theory to of biological systems while La Nuova Critica. -
Elements of Neurogeometry Functional Architectures of Vision Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis
Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis Series Editor: Alessandro Sarti Jean Petitot Elements of Neurogeometry Functional Architectures of Vision Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis Series editor Alessandro Sarti, CAMS Center for Mathematics, CNRS-EHESS, Paris, France e-mail: [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11247 Jean Petitot Elements of Neurogeometry Functional Architectures of Vision 123 Jean Petitot CAMS, EHESS Paris France Translated by Stephen Lyle ISSN 2195-1934 ISSN 2195-1942 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis ISBN 978-3-319-65589-5 ISBN 978-3-319-65591-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-65591-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950247 Translation from the French language edition: Neurogéométrie de la vision by Jean Petitot, © Les Éditions de l’École Polytechnique 2008. All Rights Reserved © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. -
Autopoiesis and Autonomy in Francisco Varela's Theory
DEMOBILIZING IMMUNOLOGY: AUTOPOIESIS AND AUTONOMY IN FRANCISCO VARELA’S THEORY OF IMMUNITY by Katie D. Joel H.B.Sc., The University of Toronto, 2005 B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2008 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2012 Katie D. Joel, 2012 Abstract This thesis examines the transformative impact of the immune network theory on theoretical immunology, especially how immunity has been understood and described metaphorically in the scholarship. The immune system had been conventionally couched in warfare rhetoric. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russian scientist and pathologist Elie Metchnikoff depicted pathogens as savages in the theory of phagocytosis, which, he postulated, the body must destroy with equal ferocity. Virologist Frank Burnet further affirmed this concept in 1957. In the Clonal Selection Theory, he articulated the model of self and non-self discrimination, thus giving rise to the idea of the immune system as a defense and attack system. In 1979, Francisco Varela and Nelson Vaz proposed that the immune system should be considered instead as a network in “Self and Non-Sense.” At the heart of their theory was the notion of self-determination that emphasized the goal of the immune system was to maintain the autonomy and individuality of the organism. This non-martial interpretation was rooted in the theory of autopoiesis, whose conceptualization was greatly influenced by Varela’s experiences of the political and social chaos in Chile during the Allende regime and the Pinochet dictatorship. -
P R O G R a M M E
BSA Sociology of Food Study Group Food, Society and Public Health Conference P R O G R A M M E 5th - 6th July 2010 British Library Conference Centre, London • Professional and Academic Networking • BSA Journals • Conference and Events • Specialist and Study Groups • SAGE Full-Text Sociology Collection • Access to London Meeting Room tel +(0)191 383 0839 www.britsoc.co.uk CONTENTS Welcome.....................................................................................................1 - 2 BSA Food Study Group Conference Committee............................................. 3 About the BSA Food Study Group ...................................................................4 Information Digest.......................................................................................5 - 6 Advert: Sociological Research Online..............................................................7 Outline Programme..........................................................................................8 Programme Grid ........................................................................................9 -11 Advert: Sociology Special Issue Call for Papers ............................................12 Programme and abstracts by session....................................................13 – 47 Keynote by Harriet Friedmann....................................................................13 Paper Session 1 .................................................................................14 – 16 BSA Food Study Group Business Meeting and ‘Meet & Greet’ -
Self-Assembly, Self-Organization:A Philosophical Perspective on a Major Challenge of Nanotechnology Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
“ Self-Assembly, Self-Organization:A Philosophical Perspective on a Major Challenge of Nanotechnology Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent To cite this version: Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent. “ Self-Assembly, Self-Organization:A Philosophical Perspective on a Major Challenge of Nanotechnology. France-Stanford Meeting IMPLICATIONS SOCIALES ET ETHIQUESDE LA CONVERGENCE NANO-, BIO-, INFO- COGNO-, Dec 2006, Avignon, France. halshs-00350831 HAL Id: halshs-00350831 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00350831 Submitted on 7 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent Université Paris X Self-Assembly, Self-Organization: A Philosophical Perspective on a Major Challenge of Nanotechnology Position paper France Stanford Meeting on Nanotechnology Avignon Décembre 2006 Self-Assembly, Self-Organization: A Philosophical Perspective on a Major Challenge of Nanotechnology Put the different parts of a car in a big box, and shake the whole, will you get a car? This image is often used to express what self-assembly can achieve.1 Spontaneous arrangements of small building blocks in ordered patterns or structures are ubiquitous in living systems, and they are crucial for designing at the nanoscale, where human hands and tools are helpless. -
Pensée Magique Et Utopie Dans La Science. De L'incorporation À La
Pensée magique et utopie dans la science. De l’incorporation à la “diète méditerranéenne” Claude Fischler To cite this version: Claude Fischler. Pensée magique et utopie dans la science. De l’incorporation à la “diète méditer- ranéenne”. Cahiers de l’OCHA , Paris : OCHA„ 1996, 5 (Pensée magique et alimentation aujourd’hui, Claude Fischler, dir.), pp.1-17. halshs-00505644 HAL Id: halshs-00505644 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00505644 Submitted on 26 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dans le « principe d’incorporation », il peut inter- CLAUDE FISCHLER venir à la fois, pour reprendre les termes de Frazer, de la magie de contagion et de la magie de simili- tude (Frazer, 1911; Frazer, 1988) . Si, en effet, la contagion passe par le contact, alors l’acte d’in- corporation alimentaire constitue le contact le plus Pensée magique intime possible, puisqu’il y a, à proprement parler, pénétration, fusion, confusion de la substance absor- bée dans l’organisme absorbant. Quant à la magie et utopie de similitude, elle se manifeste précisément par le transfert de caractéristiques physiques, morales ou symboliques du mangé au mangeur. -
“Healthy and Sustainable” Diets in Switzerland T
Appetite 130 (2018) 123–133 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Appetite journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/appet Cutting through conflicting prescriptions: How guidelines inform “healthy and sustainable” diets in Switzerland T ∗ Laurence Godin, Marlyne Sahakian Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Uni Mail Campus, Office no 4203, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve 40, 1204, Geneva, Switzerland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This paper takes as a starting point “food consumption prescriptions”, or guidelines on what and how one should Food consumption practices eat when it comes to “healthy and sustainable diets”. Through qualitative research in Switzerland, involving Social practice theory discourse analysis, observations, in-depth interviews, and focus groups, we set out to uncover the more dominant Prescriptions prescriptions put forward by a variety of actors, how consumers represent these prescriptions, as well as overlaps Health and tensions between them. The notion of a “balanced meal” is the more prominent prescription, along with the Environmental sustainability idea that food and eating should be “pleasurable”. Guidelines towards eating local and seasonal products overlap Switzerland with organic and natural food consumption, while prescriptions to eat less meat of higher quality are in tension with prescriptions around vegetarian and vegan diets. We then consider how prescriptions play out in daily life, as both a resource and obstacle towards the establishment of eating habits, and what dimensions of everyday life have the most influence on how certain prescriptions are enacted – contributing to conceptual deliberations on food in relation to social practices. Time, mobility, and the relationships built around food and eating are forces to be reckoned with when considering possible transitions towards the normative goal of “healthier and more sustainable diets”. -
Inheritance of Acq. Char. & Epigenetics (Berlin, 9-11 Feb
Inheritance of Acq. Char. & Epigenetics (Berlin, 9-11 Feb 06) Susanne Hetzer Between Inheritance of Acquired Characters and Epigenetics Zwischen Vererbung erworbener Eigenschaften und Epigenetik Die Renaissance epigenetischer Forschungen in der Biomedizin: Kultur- und Wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Perspektiven The Renaissance of Epigenetic Research in Biomedicine: Historical and Conceptual Perspectives 9. - 11. Februar 2006 Tagungsort: Ruine des Rudolf-Virchow-Hörsaals im Berliner Medizinhistorischen Museum, Schumannstr. 20/21, Berlin-Mitte Eine Tagung des Projekts Erbe, Erbschaft, Vererbung. Überlieferungskonzepte zwischen Natur und Kultur im historischen Wandel im Zentrum für Literaturforschung Gefördert durch die VolkswagenStiftung im Rahmen der Schlüsselthemen der Geisteswissenschaften Programm: Thursday, 9 February 15.00 Sigrid Weigel (Director of the ZfL, Berlin, Germany) Introduction: The Relevance of Epigenetic Perspectives for Inheritance Research I. Epigenetics, Evolution and Inheritance Chair: Peter Hammerstein (Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany) 15.30 Eva Jablonka (History and Philosophy of Science, Tel-Aviv University, Israel) Epigenetic Inheritance: Heredity as an Aspect of Development Eörs Szathmáry (Theoretical Evolutionary Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary) 1/3 ArtHist.net The Problem of Replication: Before and After, Below and Above DNA 18.00 Bernhard Horsthemke (Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany) Epigenetics of Human Reproduction Marcus Pembrey (Human Genetics, -
Activities of The
activities of the Contents Page 2 1 Review 2015 and Structure of the KLI 8 2 Scientific Projects 2.1 Applications 2.2 Writing-Up Fellowships 2.3 Postdoctoral Fellowships 2.4 Senior Fellowship 2.5 Visiting Scientists 2.6 Scientists with Own Funding 30 3 Meetings and Lectures 3.1 Altenberg Workshop in Theoretical Biology 3.2 Summer School 3.3 Mini-Symposium 3.4 KLI Colloquia 42 4 Publications 4.1 Professional Papers and Books 4.2 Forthcoming Publications 4.3 Journal Biological Theory 4.4 Scientific Presentations 60 5 Further Activities 5.1 Opening Celebration of the new KLI Building 5.2 Biological Theory 5.3 Public Outreach Activities 5.4 KLI Website Traffic 5.5 Acknowledgment Review 2015 and Structure of the KLI 1 From development and animal behavior to humanization and the activities of the mind, scientists and others, who themselves beomce aware in a reflective manner, this is the spectacle that the KLI offers to us, specific breaks in the continuity of a self-organizing nature. Henri Atlan (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) translated from a French quotation by H. Atlan Review 2015 and Structure of the KLI 1.1 The Year in Review The year 2015 was marked by a suite of new endeavors. 3 After moving from Altenberg to Klosterneuburg in 2014, the KLI could finally make use of the full capacity of the new KLI building. The fellows have moved to their new office spaces and enjoy the atmosphere that is provided by the institute´s design. The city council of Klosterneuburg even awarded the KLI the “Prize for Cityscape” honoring the architectural concept.