Il Tempio Di Mater Matuta
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Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum
Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Faya Causey With technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael R. Schilling THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM, LOS ANGELES This catalogue was first published in 2012 at http: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data //museumcatalogues.getty.edu/amber. The present online version Names: Causey, Faya, author. | Maish, Jeffrey, contributor. | was migrated in 2019 to https://www.getty.edu/publications Khanjian, Herant, contributor. | Schilling, Michael (Michael Roy), /ambers; it features zoomable high-resolution photography; free contributor. | J. Paul Getty Museum, issuing body. PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads; and JPG downloads of the Title: Ancient carved ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum / Faya catalogue images. Causey ; with technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael Schilling. © 2012, 2019 J. Paul Getty Trust Description: Los Angeles : The J. Paul Getty Museum, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references. | Summary: “This catalogue provides a general introduction to amber in the ancient world followed by detailed catalogue entries for fifty-six Etruscan, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Greek, and Italic carved ambers from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a The volume concludes with technical notes about scientific copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4 investigations of these objects and Baltic amber”—Provided by .0/. Figures 3, 9–17, 22–24, 28, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 51, and 54 are publisher. reproduced with the permission of the rights holders Identifiers: LCCN 2019016671 (print) | LCCN 2019981057 (ebook) | acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC ISBN 9781606066348 (paperback) | ISBN 9781606066355 (epub) BY license covering the rest of this publication. -
Work Notes on Bona Dea & the Goddess Uni-A Survey of Etruscan
Work notes on Bona Dea & the goddess Uni — a survey of Etruscan & Latin texts relating to the Pyrgi Gold Tablets By Mel Copeland (Relating to Etruscan Phrases texts) A work in progress November 15, 2014 The Etruscan goddess, Uni, Unia, has been identified with the Roman Juno and, on pottery and mirrors she is portrayed in mythological scenes involving the Greek goddess Hera. Although the Etruscans assigned their own peculiar names to the “Greek” pantheon, such as Tini, Tinia (L. Jupiter, Gr. Zeus), Uni, Unia (L. Juno, Gr. Hera), Turan (L. Venus, Gr. Aphrodite, and Thalna (Gr. Nemisis), many of the Greek characters are recorded with similar spelling in the Etruscan texts, such as Hercle, HerKle, (Gr. Herakles), These (Gr.Theseus), Akle (Gr. Achilles), Ektor (Gr. Hector), Aifas Telmonos (Gr. Ajax Telamonos), Elenei, Elinai (Gr. Helen [of Troy], Elchintre (Alexandar, Paris), Achmemon (Gr. Agememnon) Aeitheon (Gr. Jason) Aita (Gr. Hades) and Dis (Gr. another name of Hades: Dis) and his consort Phersipnei (Gr. Persephone). Because of the imagery used on vases and mirrors and the common Greek mythological themes, we can discern the names and grammatical conventions of Etruscan mythological characters. Because we know who the characters are for the most part and the context in which the Etruscans knew them, we can further understand pure textual documents of the Etruscans, such as the Pyrgi Gold tablets, which will be discussed later in this document, as it pertains to the Roman Feast of the 1st of May called Bona Dea. Uni was identified by the Romans as the Etruscan version of Juno, the consort of their supreme god, Jupiter (Etr. -
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chapter 11 Sacred Exchange: The Religious Institutions of Emporia in the Mediterranean World of the Later Iron Age Megan Daniels Introduction The Mediterranean Iron Age, while it is difficult to pinpoint its exact bound- aries temporarily,1 has as one of its hallmarks the proliferation of long-distance trade networks. The development of these networks led to the movement of peoples overseas to capitalize upon trade opportunities while at the same time establishing more permanent settlements around the Mediterranean. Overall, the Iron Age, particularly between the eighth and sixth centuries bce, is seen as a time of major economic accomplishment in terms of the novel economic structures that were created, allowing for a density of intercommunications supported by regular and frequent movement of goods and people.2 I wish to focus on these novel economic structures in particular in this paper, specifi- cally the institutions that developed out of and in turn spurred such prolific movements. While difficult to reconstruct out of fragmentary evidence, insti- tutions were vital in allowing human beings the means to cooperate with one another and thus to capture the gains made by commercial activities. Corre- spondingly, an investigation of Iron Age institutions is vital for explaining rising standards of living and population growth across the Mediterranean world at this time. 1 The term “Iron Age” lacks fixed boundaries—Near Eastern and Greek archaeologists tend to see it as commencing in the twelfth and eleventh centuries bce, following the collapse of Bronze Age palatial centres and the migration of the so-called Sea Peoples. On the other hand, on Sicily, the Iron Age does not begin until the ninth century, with shifts from chiefdoms to more egalitarian communities, while in North Africa the Iron Age is seen to commence with the founding of Carthage. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Informatioii Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE WORLD OF THE INFANT: IDEOLOGY OF THE INFA lNT CONDITION AND INFANT CARE IN ANCIENT GREECE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Judith Blackmore Dann, M.A. -
Aedes M1nervae in Foro Boario
Rev. do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, S. Paulo, 3: 97-103, 1993. AEDES M1NERVAE IN FORO BOARIO R.Ross H ollow ay* HOLLOWAY, R.R. Aedes Minervae in Foro Boario. Rev. do Museu de Arqueologia e E tnologia, S. Paulo, 3: 97-103, 1993. RESUMO: Neste artigo, o Autor fornece uma nova interpretação para o templo arcaico descoberto sob os santuários gêmeos de Fortuna e de Mater Matuta no Forum Boarium, em Roma. Analisando a interpretação de Colini - o escavador do local - que assume ser este um templo de Mater Matuta, ele demonstra como esta atribuição é fundamentada em evidências esparsas e indiretas. Mesmo assim, é aceita pelos especialistas como um verdadeiro dogma. Comparando o grupo estatuário associado com a segunda fase do templo arcaico com um grupo de estátuas de terracota recentemente restaurado e proveniente do Santuário de Portonaccio, em Veio, o Autor chega a uma conclusão bastante diferente. Com efeito, ele demonstra que este templo arcaico do Forum Boarium é na verdade um “AedesMinervae” e não um templo de Mater Matuta como é, em geral, aceito. UNITERMOS: Arqueologia romana - Roma arcaica - Culto de Minerva. In 1936 Giorgio Pasquale published his fa have stood in the Forum Boarium and sometimes mous essay “La grande Roma dei Tarquini”, a title mentioned together. (Both were thought to have which has set the tone of the current view of Rome been built by King Servius Tullius, Livy V, 19,6 - in the sixth centuiy B.C.Two years later a discov Mater Matuta and Dion. Hal. IV, 27,7 - Fortuna.) ery was made which seemed to reveal regal Rome When an archaic temple was discovered beneath in all its splendor. -
Call to Juno Author's Note
Author’s Note Te Etruscans have long absorbed me. I was inspired to write the Tales of Ancient Rome series when I chanced upon a photo of a sixth century BCE sarcophagus upon which a husband and wife were sculpted in a pose of afection. Tese lovers, known as “the Married Couple,” intrigued me. What ancient culture exalted marital fdelity with such open sensuality? Te answer led me to Etruria and the story of the siege of Veii. Tis confict raged for ten years between two cities that lay only twelve miles apart across the Tiber. Amazingly, the customs and beliefs of these enemies were so diferent that it was as though an expanse of water divided a Renaissance society from one living in the Dark Ages. Given this disparity, I was inspired to create a couple from these opposing worlds whose love must not only transcend war but also withstand the pressures of conficting moralities, allegiances, and beliefs. For those new to the series, you might like to read my author’s notes for Te Wedding Shroud and Te Golden Dice, in which I discuss topics such as the origins and religion of the Etruscans (including the Etruscan Discipline), bisexuality and pederasty, human sacrifce, and the status of women in Etruria and Rome 516 ELISABETH STORRS (including information about prostitution and concubines). You can access these notes under the Learn More tab on my website, http://elisabethstorrs.com, together with pieces of research and photographs on my blog, Triclinium, at http://elisabethstorrs.com/ category/blog/triclinium. An extended version of this note is also posted on my website. -
Work Notes on the Pyrgi Gold Tablets — a Survey of Etruscan Phrases Texts
Work notes on the Pyrgi Gold Tablets — a survey of Etruscan Phrases texts Updated 11.16.16 By Mel Copeland (Relating to http://www.maravot.com/Pyrgi_1Translation.html) A work in progress The Pyrgi Gold Tablets consist of three sheets of gold, the third of which is written in Punic. Because of the Punic inscription scholars have been tempted to believe that the document is a bilingual text. This translation follows the results of the Zagreb Mummy (see "Work Notes on the Zagreb Mummy." ), "Work Notes on the Tavola Cortonensis," "Work Notes on the Perugia Cippus," "Work Notes on the Magliano Disk and "Work Notes on the Novilara Stele.” (PDF files), all of which are reconciled to one another. This latest change is based upon Etruscan GlossaryA.pdf developed from our Indo-European Table 1. The last line of the text appears to say “Out of the controversy I renewed Aph.” Aph is mentioned in other texts. She may be the “Astarte/Ishtar” of the text. This is one of the more exciting Etruscan texts because of the Uni- Astarte connection. It is a dedication and refers to the controversy of “Aph” which goddess the speaker restores to the temple. Uni is mentioned but she is known as the goddess of childbirths, like Hera and Juno, who are consorts of Zeus/Jupiter (Etr. Tinia). Aph would not be Aphrodite, since the Etruscan TVRAN is known as Aphrodite. The Etruscan texts offer more than 1 Work notes on the Pyrgi Gold Tablets — a survey of Etruscan Phrases texts a discussion on Astarte or her Etruscan equivalent, Uni. -
War, Social Power, and the State in Central Italy (C. 900 – 343
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff Joshua Ryan Hall The Tyrrhenian Way of War: war, social power, and the state in Central Italy (c. 900 – 343 BC) PhD Ancient History 2016 Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................1 Preface..........................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................3 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................4 1.1 Thematic Introduction............................................................................................5 1.2 Archaeological Methodologies.............................................................................11 1.3 Historical Methodologies.....................................................................................14 1.4 Mann, IEMP, and Structure..................................................................................26 2. Arms, Armour, and Tactics....................................................................................31 2.1 Arms and Armour.................................................................................................32 2.2 Tactics...................................................................................................................54 -
1 Etymology 2 Greek Literature
Eos For other uses, see Eos (disambiguation). Quintus Smyrnaeus pictured her exulting in her heart over the radiant horses (Lampus and Phaëton) that drew her chariot, amidst the bright-haired Horae, the feminine In Greek mythology, Ēōs (/ˈiːɒs/; Ancient Greek: Ἠώς, Hours, climbing the arc of heaven and scattering sparks or Ἕως, Éōs, “dawn”, pronounced [ɛːɔ̌ːs] or [éɔːs]; also of fire.[6] Αὔως, Aýōs in Aeolic) is a Titaness and the goddess[1] of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the She is most often associated with her Homeric epithet edge of the Oceanus. “rosy-fingered” (rhododactylos), but Homer also calls her Eos had a brother and a sister. Helios, god of the sun, and Eos Erigeneia: Selene, goddess of the moon. That brightest of stars appeared, Eosphoros, that most often heralds the 1 Etymology light of early-rising Dawn (Eos Erigeneia). —Odyssey xiii.93 Eos is cognate to Vedic Sanskrit Ushas and Latin Aurora, both goddesses of dawn, and all three considered deriva- tives of a PIE stem *h₂ewsṓs[2] (later *Ausṓs), “dawn”, a stem that also gave rise to Proto-Germanic *Austrō, Old Hesiod wrote: Germanic Ôstara and Old English Ēostre/Ēastre. And after these Erigeneia [ 2 Greek literature extquotedblEarly-born extquotedbl] bore the star Eosphoros (“Dawn-bringer”), and the The dawn goddess Eos was almost always described with gleaming stars with which heaven is crowned. rosy fingers (ῥοδοδάκτυλος, rhododáktylos) or rosy fore- —Theogony 378-382 arms (ῥοδόπηχυς, rhodópēkhys) as she opened the gates of heaven for the Sun to rise.[3] In Homer,[4] her saffron- coloured robe is embroidered or woven with flowers;[5] rosy-fingered and with golden arms, she is pictured on Thus Eos, preceded by the Morning Star, is seen as the Attic vases as a beautiful woman, crowned with a tiara genetrix of all the stars and planets; her tears are con- or diadem and with the large white-feathered wings of a sidered to have created the morning dew, personified as bird. -
The Roman Triumph As Material Expression of Conquest, 211-55 BCE
Engineering Power: The Roman Triumph as Material Expression of Conquest, 211-55 BCE Alyson Maureen Roy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Sandra Joshel, Chair Eric Orlin Joel Walker Adam Warren Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2017 Alyson Maureen Roy University of Washington Abstract Engineering Power: The Roman Triumph as Material Expression of Conquest, 211-55 BCE Alyson Maureen Roy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sandra Joshel, History This dissertation explores the intersection between the Roman triumph, architecture, and material culture. The triumph was a military parade that generals were granted for significant victories and represented the pinnacle of an elite Roman man’s career, engendering significant prestige. My interest is in the transformation of the transitory parade, into what I term “material expressions of power” including architecture, decoration, inscriptions, and coins. I assert that from the mid-third century BCE through the mid-first century BCE, material expressions of power became of central importance to elite expressions of prestige. More importantly, by tracing the process of bringing plundered material to Rome, constructing victory monuments, and decorating them with plundered art, I have determined that this process had a profound impact on the development of a luxury art market in Rome, through which elite Romans bought objects that resembled triumphal plunder, and on the development of a visual language of power that the Romans used to talk to each other about conquest and that they then exported into the provinces as material expressions of their authority. -
Fatum/A and F/Fortuna: Religion and Philosophy in Virgil's Aeneid
fatum/a and F/fortuna: religion and philosophy in Virgil’s Aeneid Revised from a paper given to the Virgil Society on 5 December 2015* Nash ‘Superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, quoque vocat vertamus iter’. (“‘Since Fortuna has the upper-hand, let us follow her, and direct our journey where she calls’”). Palinurus addressing Aeneas, Aen. 5.22–23 ‘Quo fata trahunt retrahuntque sequamur; quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est.’ (“‘Let us follow where fata drag us back and forth: whatever happens, every fortuna must be overcome by endurance’”). Nautes addressing Aeneas, Aen. 5.709–10 Virgil’s use of fatum/a and F/fortuna in the Aeneid is confusing and complicated.1 As the above lines from the beginning and end of book 5 demonstrate, Virgil sometimes employs fatum/a and F/fortuna in similar contexts, and associates them with the same verbs and imagery.2 This encourages the reader to compare the two, and to consider whether their meanings should be aligned, or whether each word carries individual significance. In this paper, I argue the * An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Vergilian Society in June 2015. I am very grateful to the Vergilian and Virgil audiences for their helpful questions, comments and suggestions, and to Daniel Hadas, the editor of PVS. This work is drawn from one of the chapters of my doctoral thesis (‘Philosophical Readings in Virgil’s Aeneid’, Oxford 2017): thanks also to my supervisors, Gail Trimble, Barney Taylor, and Karen Margrethe Nielsen. References to the Aeneid are marked simply by book and line number, and translations are my own unless otherwise noted.