Flood of January 19-20, 1996 in State

By Richard Lumia

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4252

Prepared in cooperation with the IISRS New York State Department of Transportation science for a changing world

Albany, New York 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director

The use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for identification or location purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of products by the U.S. Geological Survey, nor impute responsibility for any present or potential effects on the natural resources of the .

For addtional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 425 Jordan Road Box 25286 Troy, New York 12180 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Purpose and Scope ...... 2 Acknowledgments ...... 3 Physiography and Climate of New York and the Catskill Mountain Region ...... 4 Physiography...... 4 Climate ...... 8 Storm and Floods of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 8 Antecedent Conditions ...... 8 Precipitation ...... 9 Flooding ...... 10 Flood Discharge and Frequency ...... 13 Storm Runoff ...... 17 Effect of ...... 26 Flood Profiles of ...... 34 Summary ...... 45 References Cited ...... 45

FIGURES

1-3. Maps of New York showing: 1 A. Major drainage basins, and Federal disaster areas after the flooding of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 2 B. Selected geographic features ...... 3 2. Lines of equal precipitation from the storm of January 18-19, 1996 ...... 5 3. Lines of equal snow depth on January 15, 1996 ...... 6 4. Map showing major geographic features of the Catskill Mountain region in southeastern New York...... 7 5-7. Graphs showing: 5. Daily mean discharges of two Catskill Mountain streams from October 1995 through January 1996, in relation to daily mean flows exceeded 20, 50, and 80 percent of the time ...... 9 6. Rainfall and runoff at Claryville, N.Y, during the storm of January 18-20, 1996 ...... 11 7. Snow depth, maximum air temperature and rainfall data from six selected National Weather Service stations, January 1996...... 12 8. Map of New York showing lines of equal water equivalent of snowpack on January 16, 1996 ...... 13 9. Photographs showing: A. Washout on Chase Brook Road across Chase Brook near Cannonsville in Delaware County, N.Y, on January 19, 1996 ...... 14 B. Fair Street bridge over the East Branch Delaware at Margaretville, N.Y, after the flood of January 19, 1996 ...... 15 C. West Branch overflow at Delaware Street in Walton, N.Y. on January 19, 1996 ...... 16 D. Covered bridge over Schoharie Creek in North Blenheim, N.Y, with the height of the January 19, 1996 and April 1987 floods ...... 17 10. Map of New York showing locations of streamflow gaging stations and peak-discharge recurrence intervals for the floods of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 18-19 11. Graphs showing annual peak discharges through 1996, and discharges of 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals, for 16 selected gaging stations ...... 20-23

Contents III 12. Graphs showing peak discharge as a function of drainage area during the flood of January 19-20, 1996 at sites within the Catskill Mountain region: A. Sites within Schoharie Creek basin...... 24 B. Sites within , Esopus, Rondout, and basins...... 24 C. Sites within East Branch Delaware River basin ...... 24 D. Sites within West Branch Delaware River basin...... 24 E. Sites within basin ...... 25 F. Sites on Delaware River...... 25 G. All sites within Catskill Mountain region ...... 25 H. All sites in New York State ...... 25 13. Graph showing peak discharge as a function of drainage area for sites on Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 26 14. Map of New York showing lines of equal storm runoff for January 18-23, 1996 ...... 27 15. Discharge hydrographs of the January 1996 flood, the previous maximum flood, and the April 1987 flood, at six continuous-record streamflow gaging stations in the Catskill Mountain region of New York...... 28 16. Discharge hydrographs for selected gaging stations in the Catskill Mountain region, N.Y, January 18-21, 1996: A. West Branch, East Branch, and main stem of the Delaware River...... 29 B. Schoharie Creek ...... 29 17. Hydrographs of daily inflow, outflow, and lake or reservoir water-surface elevation for selected sites in New York for January 15-31, 1996 ...... 31-33 18. Graphs showing inflows to Cannonsville and Pepacton Reservoirs during January 19-21, 1996: A. ...... 34 B. ...... 34 19. Profile of Schoharie Creek showing locations of major communities, USGS gaging stations, dams, and January 1996 floodmarks...... 35 20. Map of Schoharie Creek basin showing locations of streamflow-gaging stations and major geographic features along Schoharie Creek...... 36 21. Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 37-44

TABLES

1. Disaster assistance, for Counties of New York, following the floods of January 19-20, 1996 ...... 4 2. Storage above minimum operating level in the reservoir system, October 1995 through January 1996 ...... 10 3. Maximum rainfall for selected durations recorded at the Claryville, N.Y. weather station during January 18-19, 1996 ...... 10 4. Rainfall frequency relations for storms of 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hour duration at Claryville, N.Y...... 11 5. Peak stages and discharges for the New York floods of January 19-20, 1996...... 47-61 6. Data on selected lakes and reservoirs in New York during the runoff period of the January 1996 storm ...... 30

IV Contents CONVERSION FACTORS AND VERTICAL DATUM

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

Area square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

Volume cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter billion gallons (Bgal) 3.785x 106 cubic meter

Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft-Vs) 0.02832 cubic meter per second cubic foot per second per square mile [(ft3/s)/mi2] 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square kilometer

Air Temperature degrees Fahrenheit (° F) 0 C=5/9 (° F -32) degrees Celsius (° C)

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Contents Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State

by Richard Lumia

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

Heavy rain during January 18-19, 1996, Precipitation from a strong storm during January combined with unseasonably warm temperatures 18-20, 1996, combined with unseasonably warm that caused rapid snowmelt, resulted in wide­ temperatures that caused rapid snowmelt, resulted in spread flooding throughout New York State. Dam­ extensive flooding throughout New York State. Damage ages to highways, bridges, and private property to highways, bridges, and private property exceeded $100 million (Federal Emergency Management Agency, exceeded $100 million. The storm and flooding 1997). The storm and flooding claimed 10 lives, claimed 10 lives, stranded hundreds of people, stranded hundreds of people, destroyed or damaged destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and thousands of homes and businesses, and closed businesses, and closed hundreds of roads. Forty- hundreds of roads. Forty-one counties in New York one counties in New York were declared federal were declared Federal disaster areas (fig. 1A and table disaster areas. The most severely affected region 1). The most severely affected region was within and was within and surrounding the Catskill Moun­ surrounding the in southeastern tains. Damages and losses within Delaware New York (fig. IB). Damages and losses within County alone exceeded $20 million. Delaware County alone exceeded $20 million. More than 4.5 inches of rain fell on at least The more than 4.5 inches of rain that fell on the 45 inches of melting snow in the Catskill Moun­ Catskill Mountain region during January 18-19 (fig. 2), tain region during January 18-19 and caused major combined with melting of as much as 45 in. of snow (fig. 3), resulted in major flooding throughout the region. flooding in the area. The most destructive flooding Other areas of the State also underwent major flooding as was along Schoharie Creek and the East and West a result of similar conditions. Ice and debris contributed Branches of the Delaware River. Record peak dis­ to the flooding where they became jammed at culverts, charges occurred at 57 U.S. Geological Survey bridges, and natural constrictions within stream channels. streamflow-gaging stations throughout New York. The most destructive flooding was along Schoharie Creek Maximum discharges at 15 sites, mostly within the and the East and West Branches of the Delaware River in Schoharie Creek and Delaware River basins, had southeastern New York (fig. 4). Record peak discharges recurrence intervals equal to or greater than 100 occurred at 57 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) years. The storage of significant amounts of flood- streamflow-gaging stations throughout New York. Peak water in several reservoirs sharply reduced peak discharges at 15 sites had recurrence intervals equal to or discharges downstream. This report presents a greater than 100 years. Most sites at which these peak discharges occurred were within the Schoharie Creek and summary of peak stages and discharges, precipita­ Delaware River basins. Reservoirs throughout New York, tion maps, floodflow hydrographs, inflow-outflow particularly those within the Catskill Mountain region, hydrographs for several reservoirs, and flood pro­ stored large amounts of floodwater, and, thus, sharply files along 83 miles of Schoharie Creek from its reduced peak discharges downstream. This study was headwaters in the Catskill Mountains to its mouth done in cooperation with New York State Department of at the . Transportation (NYSDOT).

Introduction 1 80° 79° 78' 77' 76° 75° 74° 73° 45° FT ^

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Figure 1A. Major drainage basins, and Federal disaster areas after the flooding of January 19-20, 1996 in New York. (Disaster areas from Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997).

Purpose and Scope illustrations with data on precipitation, stages and discharges, and reservoir-storage information, and This report, (1) describes the physiography and includes a series of flood profiles showing water- climate of New York and the Catskill Mountain region, surface elevations along the 83-mile reach of and (2) documents the January 19-20, 1996 storm and Schoharie Creek from its headwaters in the Catskill subsequent flooding. It contains several tables and Mountains to the mouth.

Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 80°

42° -

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1974.

Figure 1B. Selected geographic features of New York.

Acknowledgments Transportation, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York Power Most of the information presented here was Authority, New York State Emergency Management provided by the Hudson River-Black River Office, New York Canal Corporation, Federal Regulating District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Emergency Management Agency, Niagara Mohawk National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Power Corporation, the Reporter (Walton, N.Y.), the New York State Department of Environmental Daily Star (Oneonta, N.Y.), and several other local Conservation, New York State Department of agencies and private organizations.

Introduction Table 1. Disaster assistance, for Counties in New York, following the floods of January 19-20, 1996.

[Data from Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997. Locations shown in fig. 1 A.]

Individual Public Individual Public County assistance assistance County assistance assistance Albany $344,692 $4,275,852 Onondaga N/A $1,080,049 Allegany 639,703 3,852,852 Ontario N/A 1, 027, 244 Broome 694,033 3,204,820 Otsego $230,359 2,146,718 Cattaraugus 897,839 1,926,839 Orange 1,295,374 3,700,640 Cayuga 177,715 461,846 Putnam 313,995 1,517,966 Chemung 970,257 3,598,677 Rensselaer 288,803 4,600,449 Chenango 385,699 1.437,151 Saratoga 328.494 1,336,113 Clinton 210,916 498,824 Schenectady 303,655 2,069,700 Columbia 169,960 3,109,401 Schoharie 1,161,161 2,122,731 Cortland 611,343 1,511,746 Schuyler N/A 504,936 Delaware 2,196,575 18,926,212 St. Lawrence N/A 288,916 Dutchess 741,321 2,690,079 Steuben 936,896 5,166,423 Essex 245,288 1,075,742 Sullivan 460,402 5,695,752 Franklin N/A 522,439 Tioga 957,662 4,526,105 Greene 916,839 4,446,055 Tompkins 260,554 1,258,344 Herkimer N/A 1,605,615 Ulster 823,163 5,703,246 Jefferson N/A 481,392 Warren N/A 1,009,564 Lewis N/A 610,555 Washington N/A 2,996,427 Livingston N/A 715,493 Wyoming N/A 104,307 Madison 69,052 603,085 Yates N/A 941,792 Montgomery 65,682 375,150 Total $16,697,432 $103,727,247

NOTE: Individual assistance figures include temporary housing and individual and family grants. Public assistance figures reflect total project costs (75% Federal share plus 25% state and local share). N/A =Not Available.

Special thanks are extended to USGS personnel Physiography (too numerous to list) for data collection under adverse field conditions, and to Amanda Ramsey and Kristin Extensive areas of level and rolling plains border Linsey for preparation of illustrations, Patricia Murray Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain and flank the St. for data compilation, and Marie Baldigo for Lawrence and the Mohawk River Valleys. The manuscript preparation. principal mountain ranges in New York are the Adirondacks in the north (fig. IB), where some of the peaks exceed 5,000 ft above sea level, and the Catskill Mountains in the southeast, which reach to 4,200 ft above sea level. The Southern Tier region, in western New York, has fairly high relief, whereas the Finger New York encompasses several types of Lakes region (fig. IB) is generally flat and drains physiographic settings and this variety affects the mostly north to Lake Ontario. Most of climate locally. The physiography and climate, in turn, consists of relatively flat coastal plain underlain by strongly influence the hydrology of the area. glacial outwash and experienced no significant

Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 80° 79° 78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73° 45'

44°

43°

42°

Selected National Weather Service Station Claryville (data shown in figure 7.)

.2.0- Line of equal precipitation, in inches, from storm of January 18-19,1996. 42° Contour interval is 0.5 inches 0 25 50 75 100 MILES 1 -° I i i i i 0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map. 1974

Figure 2. Lines of equal precipitation from the storm of January 18-19, 1996 in New York. (Data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1996). flooding during January 19-20, 1996 and therefore is water-storage capacity, although it supports forest not discussed herein. growth in most places. The Catskill Mountains The most severe flooding was within and around separate three major river drainage basins the the Catskill Mountain region, which contains steep Hudson, the Delaware, and the Susquehanna (fig. 4). mountains with narrow, steep-sided, V-shaped valleys. The most severe flooding was within the Hudson and The peaks range in elevation from 500 to 4,200 ft Delaware River basins. above sea level. Bedrock is exposed in many places, Major streams originating in the Catskill and the glacially derived soil is thin and has little Mountains and draining to the Hudson River include

Physiography and Climate Of New York and the Catskill Mountain Region EXPLANATION Selected National Weather Service Station Claryville (data shown jn fjgure 7 )

Line of equal snow-depth, in inches, on January 15, 1996. Contour interval is 5 inches 0

25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map. 1974 Figure 3. Lines of equal snow depth on January 15, 1996 in New York. (Data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1996).

Catskill Creek, , , and which was built in 1951 and is a holding reservoir for Schoharie Creek (fig. 4). Catskill Creek drains east to New York City. This reservoir also receives water from the Hudson River, as does Esopus Creek, which feeds Neversink, Pepacton, and Cannonsville Reservoirs , built in 1913; 60 percent of the through a network of tunnels. The lower most 4 mi of 425-mi ^ drainage area of Esopus Creek is upstream Rondout Creek are tidal (Zembrzuski and Evans, from the reservoir. Rondout Creek and its major 1989). tributary, Walkill River, have a total drainage area of Schoharie Creek drains part of the northern 1,197 mi2. Rondout Creek feeds , slopes of the Catskills. It flows north for 83 miles

Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State Upper Hudson Mohawk. Schoharie Susquehanne

Hudson \ SCHOHARIE 2 \ tf

^Breakabeen North "' Davenport. ^"^"'VB/enheim \ ^\. \(C "~ ' eservoir Schoharie^Gilboa - } cjver ~

>^^~3' :. ^^C^ ^'tHuntlsr ^ - ~' Mountain ndaken ^-Saugerties Ashokan c. Resecyoir i vi ^x^x, O I \ S.S--* Cf I < Mountain\Js^f /^ _ _ ^^-yKingsfon* -let

Neversink^ V, ULSTER V ./ , /te»e/voir />o°rnlr^V?0^otyf Rosendale« (sturgeon eservoir r/,i>^:rJ^oo\ I DUTCHESS

Poughkeepsie

0 5 10 20 KILOMETERS WESTCHESTER

Figure 4. Major geographic features of the Catskill Mountain region in southeastern New York.

Physiography and Climate Of New York and the Catskill Mountain Region through wooded, mostly undeveloped land (923-mi Regional differences in topography, elevation, drainage area) to become a major tributary to the and proximity to large bodies of water result in a wide Mohawk River, and passes through the Schoharie variation of snowfall throughout the State. Maximum Reservoir and the Blenheim-Gilboa Reservoir. The seasonal snowfall, averaging more than 175 in., occurs was built in 1926 and has a on the western and southwestern slopes of the drainage area of 315 mi2. The Blenheim-Gilboa Adirondacks and Tug Hill (National Oceanic and Reservoir, 5.5 mi downstream, is a pumped-storage Atmospheric Administration, 1980). A secondary hydroelectric project where inflows are generally maximum of more than 150 in. prevails some 10 to 30 passed through without modification. mi inland from Lake Erie. The minimum seasonal The Delaware River has its headwaters in the snowfalls (25 to 35 in.) occur in extreme southeastern Catskill Mountains. The basin is 260 mi long and New York, and the minimum upstate snowfalls (40 to drains a 12,765-mi 9 area, 2,362 mi 9 of which are in 50 in.) occur in the Chemung and mid-Genesee river New York State. The river flows southwestward in two Valleys and near the Hudson River in Orange, branches, the East and West, which converge at Rockland. and Westchester Counties up to southern Hancock. The main stem then flows southeastward, Albany County. On average, some of the winter forming the New York-Pennsylvania border, then snowpack is still unmelted by mid-March over all but southward past New Jersey and Delaware to the the extreme southeastern part of the State. In mid- Atlantic Ocean. The part of the Delaware River basin March, as much as 10 in. of water content can still that lies in New York contains three major reservoirs remain in the snowpack of the (fig. 4) that supply water to New York City and serve and in the highlands to the east of Lake Ontario. to augment low flows of the Delaware River: these are The greatest potential for floods is in the early Pepacton Reservoir, built in 1954 on the East Branch; spring, when substantial rains combine with rapid Cannonsville Reservoir, built in 1963 on the West melting of snow to produce heavy runoff. Almost Branch; and , built in 1953 on the half of the State's annual runoff occurs from mid- Neversink River. Reservoirs are discussed in detail February through mid-May. Local flooding, further on. primarily within small drainage basins, is generally caused by summer thunderstorms. Occasional The Neversink River (fig. 4) is a major tributary to hurricanes cause severe flooding, particularly in the the Delaware River and has a drainage area of 346 southeastern parts of the State. mr. It flows southeastward from its headwaters near Slide Mountain as two branches that converge at

Claryville. About 3 mi downstream*~\ it flows into Neversink Reservoir (92.5 mi ), then southward to STORM AND FLOODS OF JANUARY Port Jervis to join the Delaware River. 19-20,1996 Precipitation from a strong storm during January 18-20, 1996, combined with unseasonably warm Climate temperatures and rapidly melting snow, caused extensive flooding throughout New York State The climate of New York is the humid continental (excluding Long Island). The heaviest total rainfall, type; cool, dry airmasses move generally eastward more than 4.5 in., fell over the Catskill Mountain through the State throughout the year, and warm, region and, accompanied by meltwater from as much humid, maritime tropical airmasses from the south as 45 in. of snow, caused record flooding on several move northeastward during the summer. Mean annual streams. Although flooding was widespread, the most precipitation ranges from almost 30 in. along Lakes severely affected region was within and surrounding Ontario and Champlain to about 60 in. in the southern the Catskill Mountains (fig. 4). Catskill Mountains. The areal distribution of precipitation reflects the topographic relief and the general eastward- to- Antecedent Conditions northeastward storm movements. New York has a fairly uniform distribution of precipitation during the Antecedent conditions throughout much of New year and has no distinct rainy or dry season. York were generally conducive to heavy runoff from

8 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State the storm, particularly in areas within and surrounding Drought conditions during the summer of 1995 the Catskill Mountains. A classic Nor'easter, known as left most reservoirs across the State at much below "the Blizzard of "96," had brought heavy snow to normal capacity by early October; the seven reservoirs southeastern New York and southern New England on that form the New York City reservoir water-supply January 7-8, 1996, when more than 2 ft of snow fell system were at 51 percent of capacity on October 1. across southeastern New York, including the Catskill (Normal is 75 percent.) Most of the runoff to these Mountains, and two additional storms on January 10 reservoirs (except the Croton Reservoir system east of and 12 left almost another 2 ft of snow over many the Hudson River in Westchester County, fig. 4) parts of the State, including the Catskill Mountain originates in the Catskill Mountains. The status of region. By January 15, as much as 52 in. of snow was each reservoir from October through January is given reported on the ground in eastern New York, and at in table 2. least 45 in. in the Catskills (fig. 3). The below-normal streamflow conditions prior The first half of January was generally much to the flooding of January 19-20, 1996, and the large colder than normal; therefore, the snowpack lost little storage available in the reservoirs during the flood, moisture, and the ground was mostly frozen. Although helped reduce flooding and damage in the Catskill the fall of 1995 was wet, and streamflows throughout Mountain region and in many parts of the State. The most of the State were above normal, below-normal effects of reservoirs on flooding are discussed temperatures from mid-December through mid- further on. January reduced streamflows to much below normal during the period. Daily discharges for two streams originating in the Catskill Mountains (fig. 5) indicate Precipitation relatively large runoff from October 1995 through early December and below-normal runoff during the Unseasonably warm air ahead of a storm spread month preceding the flood. over New York on January 18-19; temperatures

50,000 50,000 01350000 - SCHOHARIE CREEK 01413500 - EAST BRANCH DELAWARE 20.000 AT PRATTSVILLE 20,000 RIVER AT MARGARETVILLE O 10,000 10,000

5.000 CC 5,000 LU LU D. CL 2,000 t 2'°°° LU LU LU U_ 1,000 U- 1,000 O O CD 500 CD 500 ID D O O 200 200 LU LU C5 100 O 100 CC CC < 50 80% I 50 O O 80%

20 20 Period of record: 1902-current Period of record: 1937-current 10 i______10 O N D J O N D J 1995 1996 1995 1996 EXPLANATION Daily mean discharge from October 1995 through January 1996 and deviation from normal (median) Daily mean discharges exceeded 20 and 80 percent of the time Median (normal) daily mean discharges (exceeded 50 percent of the time)

Figure 5. Daily mean discharges of two Catskill Mountain streams from October 1995 through January 1996. , in relation to daily mean flows exceeded 20, 50, and 80 percent of the time. (Locations are shown in fig. 10.)

Storm and Floods of January 19-20,1996 Table 2. Storage above minimum operating level * in the stations throughout the State are shown in figure 7. New York City reservoir system, October 1995 through Most of the rain fell on January 19, and temperatures January 1996 dropped sharply by January 20. [All values are in percent of reservoir capacity. NA = not available. Data from New York City Department of Environmental Protection, written The water equivalent of the snowpack on January commun., 1996.] 16, 1996 was plotted by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Date (month, day, year) climatologists (G. Playford, written commun., 1996) to help evaluate the effect of the snowpack on the flood Reservoir 10/1/95 1 1/1/95 12/1/95 1/16/96 2/1/96 runoff, as shown in figure 8. The highest water-content Schoharie 21.8 101 101 98.5 101 values are in the Catskill Mountains (8.0 in.) and Ashokan 56.7 62.5 76.2 71.0 101 Adirondack Mountains (6.0 in.); the smallest are in the Finger Lakes region and extreme western New York Croton System 73.2 79.2 91.5 86.6 98.3 (2.0 in.). Most of the snow melted during the January Rondout 85.6 87.8 87.7 82.0 88.4 18-19 storm period, but more than 1 ft of snow cover Neversink 25.3 42.7 63.5 54.3 87.8 remained at high elevations. Pepacton 46.3 46.6 59.8 57.6 91.1 Table 3. Maximum rainfall for selected durations recorded at Cannonsville 25.1 39.5 63.5 65.4 103 the Claryville, N.Y. weather station during January 18-19, System total 51.0 59.3 73.2 N/A 96.6 1996. System normal 75.0 68.8 70.8 N/A 81.7 [< less than; Rainfall frequencies from U.S. Weather Bureau, 1961. * Minimum operating level is the lowest elevation of the reservoir's Rainfall data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, water surface that will maintain a draft in the withdrawal aqueduct at its 1996. Location is shown in fig. 2.] operating capacity. Begin date and time of rainfall during the January 1996 statewide reached the mid-60 ° F range, including a Rainfall storm Recurrence 66° F reading at Massena in extreme northern New duration Rainfall interval York, and the heavy rain that followed accelerated the (hours) * (inches) Day Time (years) snowmelt. Total storm rainfall for January 18-19, 1 0.60 19 6 am <2 1996 is shown in figure 2. The heaviest rainfall was in 2 1.00 19 5 am <2 the Catskill Mountain area, where as much as 4.80 in. 3 1.30 19 4am <2 was recorded at Clary ville. Other areas with heavy rainfall were in extreme southeastern New York and in 6 2.00 19 3am <2 western New York. Less than 1 in. fell in areas just 12 3.00 19 5 am <2 south of Lake Ontario and some parts of extreme 24 4.30 18 11 pm 4 northern New York. * Based on published hourly data Most of the rain fell on January 19. Hourly rainfall at Claryville and the concurrent discharge at Flooding the USGS streamflow-gaging station on the Neversink River near Claryville are plotted in figure 6. Rainfall at The January 19-20, 1996 flood was the most Claryville for selected durations, as an indication of its widespread and devastating flood in New York since intensity, is summarized in table 3, and the recurrence the floods resulting from Hurricane Agnes in June interval, or frequency of these rainfalls for selected 1972. Flooding throughout the State during January durations, are given in table 4. As the data indicate, the 19-20, 1996 caused damage to highways, bridges, intensity of the rainfall was generally low, with less and private property in excess of $100 million (State than a 2-year recurrence interval, except for the 24- Emergency Management Office and Federal hour storm (4.30 in. at Claryville), which represents a Emergency Management Agency, written commun., 4-year recurrence interval. The rapidly melting snow 1997). Ten lives were lost during the storm and cover was therefore a major contributing factor in the flooding. The most severely affected region was record-breaking flooding in many areas. The within and surrounding the Catskill Mountains; accumulated hourly rainfall and associated air damage and losses within Delaware County alone temperature and snowpack data at six selected weather exceeded $20 million. Five members of one family

10 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State Table 4. Rainfall-frequency relations for storms of 3-, 6-, 12-, heavily damaged, and nine downtown buildings and 24-hour duration at Claryville, NY. were subsequently condemned; most were along [Data from U.S. Weather Bureau, 1961. Location is Bridge Street. More than 30 businesses were shown in fig. 2.] damaged as was the local high school. Residents described the aftermath of the flooding as "like Recurrence Rainfall, in inches for selected duration somebody dropped a bomb" on their village (The interval Daily Star [Oneonta], 1996). (years) 3 hours 6 hours 12 hours 24 hours Walton fared no better. By mid-afternoon on 2 1.9 2.5 3.2 3.5 January 19, the town was already inundated by several feet of water (fig. 9C), and the flood did not crest until 5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 nearly 10 p.m., leaving the village under 5 ft of water. Businesses along Delaware Street sustained severe 10 2.9 3.7 4.6 5.6 damage, including a fire that destroyed two buildings 25 3.4 4.3 5.4 6.5 during the peak of the flooding. Several Walton residents indicated that this flood was the highest since 50 3.8 5.0 6.0 7.3 the flood of July 1935.

100 4.1 5.5 6.7 8.1 Disastrous flooding also occurred along Schoharie Creek, particularly within Schoharie County (fig. 9D). Two lives were lost in the village of Schoharie, and several houses throughout the County perished when their car plunged into Chase Brook were damaged or destroyed. Hundreds of acres of when part of Chase Brook Road near Cannonsville Reservoir washed out (fig. 9A). farmland were reportedly damaged, and more than The two areas of Delaware County that were 100 farm animals were drowned. The flood waters most severely affected by the flooding were rose nearly 18 ft on January 19 at Breakabeen, Margaretville and Walton, along the East and West peaking at 7:30 p.m., and near Esperance they rose Branches of the Delaware River, respectively.Three- about 10 ft over 24 hours, peaking at about 5:00 a.m. fourths of the village of Margaretville (fig. 9B) was on January 20.

0 jco Jj UJ Total storm rainfall = 4.80 inches < I Maximum 24-hour rainfall = 4.30 inches - 0.5 (4-year recurrence interval) I Claryville (National Weather Service station) 1.0 15,000 - 01435000 - Neversink River near Claryville Peak discharge = 12,700 ft/s D (10-year recurrence interval) Z 10,000 O O 111 CO LLJ DC HI 5,000 Snowmelt throughout the basin contributed DC D_ significantly to the storm runoff I O Q 0 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 18 19 20 January 1996

Figure 6. Rainfall and runoff at Claryville, N.Y., during the storm of January 18-20, 1996. (Locations are shown on fig. 2 and 10)

Storm and Floods of January 19-20,1996 11 1.6 2.0 ALBANY WSFO AP ARNOT FOREST

O Rainfall (inches) January 18 = 0.30 1.2 Rainfall (inches) 1.5 Snowpack = 17 inches - Snowpack = 10 inches JanuarV 19 = 1.50 on January 15 January 18 = 0.00 on January 15 January 19 = 1.46 Total = 1.80

Maximum air temperature <0.8 Total = 1.46 1.0 (degrees F) CC Maximum air temperature January 17 = 48 degrees (degrees F) So.6 January 18 = 59 degrees January 17 = 45 degrees January 19 = 59 degrees January 18 = 51 degrees 0.5 - January 20 = 26 degrees January 19 = 60 degrees January 20 = 27 degrees O0.2 [Accumulated rainfall 0 2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 18 19 18 19 January 1996 January 1996

5.0 2.5 CLARYVILLE HIGHMARKET

Rainfall (inches) 4.0 2.0 January 18 = 0.40 Snowpack = 28 inches JanuarV 19 = 1 -80 Snowpack = 28 inches on January 15 on January 15 <3.0 1.5 Total = 2 20

Maximum air temperature Maximum air temperature (degrees F) 02.0 (degrees F) 1.0 LU January 17 = 46 degrees January 17 = 48 degrees January 18 = 51 degrees January 18 = 51 degrees January 19 = 55 degrees ' Accumulated January 19 = 53 degrees January 18 = 0.80 January 20 = 18 degrees rainfall 1.0 January 20 = 21 degrees January 19 = 4.00 0.5

Total = 4.80

2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 18 19 18 19 January 1996 January 1996

1.4 2.0 LAKE PLACID 2 S SALAMANCA o Rainfall (inches) 1.5 January 18 = 0.00 Snowpack =14 inches January 18 = 0.10 Snowpack = 19 inches January 19 = 1.20 on January 15 on January 15 January 19= 1.80 1.0 0.6 Maximum air temperature Maximum air temperature (degrees F) (degrees F) 0.4 January 17 = 49 degrees January 17 = 44 degrees 0.5 - January 18 = 57 degrees January 18 = 50 degrees January 19 = 47 degrees 00.2 - January 19 = 57 degrees January 20 = 32 degrees January 20 = 35 degrees

2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 2400 0800 1600 2400 0800 1600 2400 18 19 18 19 January 1996 January 1996

Figure 7. Snow depth, maximum air temperature, and rainfall from six selected National Weather Service stations, January 1996. (Locations are shown in fig. 2. Data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1996)

12 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 80' 79° 78" 77' 76' 75° 74° 73° 45'

44'

43'

42°

Line of equal water equivalent of snowpack, ,5.0 in inches, on January 16,1996. Contour interval is 1.0 inches

42°

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map. 1974

Figure 8. Lines of equal water equivalent of snowpack on January 16,1996 in New York. (Data from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, written commun.,1996.)

Flood Discharge and Frequency and peak discharge recurrence interval. If a lake or reservoir was still rising by the end of January 23, that Data for the flood of January 19-20, 1996 at 279 USGS streamflow-gaging stations in New York day (or January 24, if the reading was obtained in the (excluding Long Island) are presented in table 5 (at morning) is listed. The reason is that smaller storms end of report); locations of these sites are shown in occurred on January 24 and 27 at most locations and figure 10. Some ungaged, miscellaneous-measurement affected the lake or reservoir elevation. Some sites are included and are noted in the table. Table 5 reservoirs continued to rise through the end of the includes station number and name, drainage area, month (see section "Effect of Reservoirs"). periods of record, historical flood peak data, date of The previous-maximum-of-record column in the January 1996 flood peak, gage height, discharge, table 5 may contain more than one entry. The first

Storm and Floods of January 19-20,1996 13 Figure 9A. Washout on Chase Brook Road across Chase Brook near Cannonsville Reservoir in Delaware County, N.Y., January 19, 1996. (Photograph courtesy of the Walton Reporter, January 24, 1996, p. 6.) entry generally includes the maximum known Frequency analysis of the gaging-station flood discharge and corresponding gage height; the second records provides a means of estimating the probability gives the previous maximum gage height if it exceeds of occurrence of a given discharge. Flood frequency is that in the first entry. Where available and commonly expressed in terms of "recurrence interval" appropriate, the maximum discharge prior to the or "probability of being exceeded." One is the current degree of regulation and (or) prior to the reciprocal of the other. The 100-year flood, for period of record, is also listed. example, has a probability of 0.01 (1-percent chance)

14 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State Figure 9B. Fair Street bridge over the East Branch Delaware River at Margaretville, N.Y. after the flood of January 19. 1996 (Photograph courtesy of the Oneonta Daily Star, January 30, 1996, p. 8.)

of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. These for changes in regulation procedures during the period statistics reflect long-term averages; thus, rare (large- of regulation. Other studies, such as flood-insurance magnitude) floods can recur at short intervals, or even studies, and other procedures, can be checked for within the same year. alternative methods for determining peak-discharge Data from sites at which systematic annual flood recurrence intervals at these sites. Many of the peak data have been collected were fitted to a log-Pearson discharges listed in table 5 were estimated because Type III distribution (U.S. Water Resources Council, severe ice conditions and ice jamming at these sites 1981). Results from these analyses for unregulated prevent accurate computation of discharges (and streams were combined (weighted) with those of associated recurrence intervals).The recurrence regional flood-frequency analyses (Lumia, 1991) to intervals listed in table 5 are also shown on the map in obtain regionally weighted frequency values. Only the figure 10; these data indicate that the most severe regional equations were used for unregulated sites floods were in the Catskill Mountain area and with less than 10 years of record if data on basin extended north to the Mohawk River Valley and south characteristics were available. Recurrence intervals for to the Delaware River; flooding was moderate to peak discharges at sites on streams with significant severe in areas along the Southern Tier of western regulation or storage were computed from statistical New York as far west as the Genesee River and along analyses (log-Pearson Type III) of annual peak several tributaries to Lake Champlain in northeast discharges during the period of regulation. No New York. New peak discharges of record were set at adjustments were made for the amount of available 57 sites, including 21 sites with at least 20 years of storage in the reservoirs before or during floods, nor record. Maximum discharges during January 19-20,

Storm and Floods of January 19-20,1996 15 Figure 9C. West Branch Delaware River overflow at Delaware Street in Walton, N.Y. on January 19, 1996. (Photograph courtesy of the Walton Reporter, January 24, 1996, p.5).

1996 at 15 of the sites listed in table 5 had recurrence evaluate the flood data in table 5, particularly for sites intervals equal to or greater than 100 years. within the Catskill Mountain region. Many sites within Annual peak discharges through 1996 at 16 the Catskill Mountains region recorded peak selected gaging stations are plotted in figure 11, as are discharges exceeding the previous known maximums. the 10-, 50-, and 100-year discharges at each site and a Most unregulated stream sites within the Schoharie 15-year weighted moving average of the annual peak Creek basin and the basins of East and West Branches discharges, which shows a general trend or pattern of of the Delaware River indicate record peak flows. The the yearly flows (Helsel and Hirsch, 1995). The trends four sites on the main stem of the Delaware River (fig. tend to reflect the dry periods of the L960's and 1980's 12F) show the previous maximum discharges for the and the generally above-average flows of the 1970's. current degree of significant regulation or reservoir The extremely high flow of January 19-20, 1996 at storage. The three major storage reservoirs in the some locations affected the trend of the early 1990's. Delaware River basin are Neversink, Pepacton, and Relations between drainage area, previous Cannonsville Reservoirs, completed in 1953, 1954, maximum discharges, and peak discharges during and 1963, respectively. The January 19-20, 1996 peak January 19-20, 1996 (fig. 12) were assessed to further flows at these four Delaware River gages were much

16 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State Figure 9D. Covered bridge over Schoharie Creek in North Blenheim, N.Y., with the height of the January 19, 1996 and April 1987 floods. (Photograph by Frank Dalton, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.)

greater than any others recorded in the previous 33 most sites were still receding on January 23, but this years of current regulation. was used as the end date for comparison purposes Peak discharge of the January 19-20, 1996 flood because subsequent storms occurred on January 24 at gaging stations along the main stem of Schoharie and 27. As shown in figure 14, the greatest runoff Creek are plotted in figure 13 in relation to drainage (more than 6.5 in.) occurred within the Catskill area above each site. A general relation is apparent Mountain region, and the smallest (1 in.) occurred from Prattsville to Breakabeen. From Breakabeen south of Lake Ontario and throughout extreme (station 01350355) to Burtonsville (station northeastern New York. Other areas of considerable 01351500), however, the drainage area doubles but runoff were the western Adirondack Mountain area the increase in peak discharge is less than 2 percent. and the eastern Finger Lakes region (more than 4 in. in This attenuation of the peak discharge is attributed to each area). significant overbank flow and channel storage as well Discharge hydrographs for six sites within the as less runoff per square mile in the lower reaches of Catskill Mountain region are shown in figure 15; also Schoharie Creek. shown are the hydrographs of the previous maximum flood and the flood of April 4-5, 1987. The time of the Storm Runoff peak discharge of each hydrograph was set to match the time of the January 19-20, 1996 peak for plotting Computed volumes of storm runoff at all purposes and comparison. The January 1996 flood was recording gaging stations in New York (excluding the largest at each site except for Esopus Creek at Long Island) during January 18-23, 1996 was Coldbrook, where the March 1980 flood was much computed; results are depicted in figure 14. Flows at larger. The April 1987 flood was the most recent major

Storm Runoff 17 80° 79° 78° 77° 76° 75° 45° -FT

252 (,<£)*

/^-, '249 (20)^

44°

- V243(25) -v »^24 '240(4)

233 (-) 232 (<

191 (<2) / 195(5) _ -226 (2) ' /174(5) 190(2)* ^/194(<2) 213i<2p/227(..) ' ^ x- ,173(6} ?5(5)"> 43° .192 H ; _ 221 (15) ''i/Slflk

208(9HRY ^130*20) *.U/^ M67 (8) /188H (3 . *s /. -200<8) , '^ -199(40) r179(50X r 18t{50> j. ^133(20} ,T62 (4) A-T50A(10) -V 02 ^158(2) ', I 205(60) ^136 (SO H- yK r^' \ / X v V 163(20) \ ' X^ .146(3) r \ \ >. ^ \ \ I V" 127(6)^ ^59(15) -148(70) 153 142 H . //14105) *138(t5) ^178(50, 150 ( '140(--) 128(-- 42° -- ^1-39(25) V __\_1______*-144 (7) 129(10) 143(10)

EXPLANATION

26 (80) STREAMFLOW-GAGING STATION- first number is 30) station code (map number) used in table 5 (at end of report); number in parenthesis is peak-discharge recurrence interval, in years.

Regulated stream

Unregulated stream 120(5) 41° __

25 50 75 100 MILES

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1974.

Figure 10. Locations of streamflow gaging stations and peak discharge recurrence intervals for the floods of January 19-20, 1996 in New York. (Data given in table 5 at the end of the report).

18 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State %^100(») 98(70)* / 86 M '102,10) *90 $)<>1 »P6(

* 93 (> 1,00) . 94(>100) /^ * ''91 (70) (80) Ji 3 (45) ,> r\

,^6(6} «, -72(-) / TQ ^R\ T' 77 /JSV -/ / V°» 77(8);^^^ ^4 (<

78(8)

Figure 10. (Continued) Locations of streamflow gaging stations and peak discharge recurrence intervals for the floods of January 19-20, 1996 in New York. (Data given in table 5 at the end of the report).

Storm Runoff 19 01347000 - MOHAWK RIVER NEAR LITTLE FALLS, NY 01350000 - SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE, NY

co 1 i i ' i ' i i l ' l '

100-year flood 1 00-year flood fM 50-vear flood n *>.oroen DISCHARGE,ANNUALPEAK ANNUALDISCHARGE,PEAK 50-year flood SECONDCUBICINFEETPER H 10-year flood n CUBICSECONDINFEETPER n rfl /'""' n n r . '""'' - 1 0-year flood

1 '"\J t * ' - - n \/' V - .-.^/ s ^/'

0 ,f III (if 00 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 19 00 1920 1940I 1960 1980 2000 WATER YEAR _ . . ,__ WATER YEAR The curve on each plot is the 15-year weighted moving average of annual peak discharges.

01351500 - SCHOHARIE CREEK AT BURTONSVILLE, NY 01357500 - MOHAWK RIVER AT COHOES, NY 1 i ' 160,000

140,000 -_ 100-year flood roooji.enc o c oc oc 100-year flood 50-year flood n g 0120,000 ANNUALPEAKDISCHARGE, 50-year flood < ui CUBICSECONDINFEETPER ,-^ooc o ^100,000 - - 10-year flood ' §£X l_ 80,000 - 1 0-year flood < Ul Ul Ul 1 'TT'H fl/ " °- "- 60,000 j' "vn x ' ^N.X" ^ / ly > s r /' ' :" " :ii -/ -. -- ' /'"' <5 Nrft '"' ' Z ^ 40,000 ;'' ' Z ° i < Z ~ 20,000 -

i , i , ft , II , i ilil f i i 300 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 00 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 WATER YEAR WATER YEAR

Figure 11 . Annual peak discharges through 1996, and discharges of 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals, for 16 selected gaging stations. (Station locations are shown on fig. 10; January 1996 flood data are given in table 5 at end of report.) 01361500 - CATSKILL CREEK AT OAK HILL, NY 01362500 - ESOPUS CREEK AT COLDBROOK, NY oc 80oc I i i 1 1 ' 1 1 od-vear flood co-c*ctroco o c oc oc oco 1 00-vear flood i\-» enoc oc - 50-year flood 50-year flood DISCHARGANNUALPEAK SECONDCUBICFEETPERIN, DISCHARGANNUALPEAK SECONDCUBICFEETPERIN, n n n

- - 1 0-year flood 1 0-year flood

/ ' n f

' '*a '/'".' \' ./' \ V - - ; .. ...-..''' ' ' \ yf \ >f '.,.[ : If I, ill 1 i ,51 1 1; [ 'if ill 1980 If 00 1920 1940 1960 2000 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 WATER YEAR WATER YEAR The curve on each plot is the 15-year weighted moving average of annual peak discharges.

01413500 - EAST BRANCH DELAWARE RIVER AT MARGARETVILLE, NY 01420500 - BEAVER AT COOKS FALLS, NY

30,000 1 I ' I ' 1 i -

| *«> - toco*c- oc oc oc 1 00-year flood r 1 00-year flood - la 50-year flood ; O W 20,000 L n 50-year flood DISCHARGANNUALPEAK SECONDCUBICFEETPERIN, co tr co-»o ~

s£ t n n n < [7] 15,000 - : wft i- ; 1 0-year flood Q- u_ ! 1 0-year flood n § 5 10,000 - ( ,''!' - ... / ''VJ1 t >- >, . / "TTvn /r'' ^ ^j 58 O I LJJ 1 00-year flood UJ 20,000 D> o co n 50-year flood CO ^ ft 40,000 DC 10-year flood Q UJ 10-year flood n P- 15,000 n n " u_ 'if"'::'""T' < o 10,000 => 5 20,000 - 'Tu - 2 =) 3 2 O z P< 2 5,000

, , ', I 0 1900 1920 1940 1960 1 980 2000 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 WATER YEAR WATER YEAR The curve on each plot is the 15-year weighted moving average of annual peak discharges. 01434000 - DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS, NY 01503000 - SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT CONKLIN, NY 250,000 Current degree of regulaton began - 'in 1963. Flood-frequency is based ~ on record from 1 963-96. ; 100-year flood '0200,000 - Q 50-year flood uf Z 60,000 ~ ~ DC O 58 < o I HI I UJ - - °j j£ 150,000 0 CO n 1 0-^ear flood ' 1 00-year flood CO DC 50-year flood n - Q LU \" 5 a £ Q- 40,000 . - " ». n £ S 100,000 _ , Ch n -, 10-year flood n - Q. ^ ^_- \ ^,t ! -N, I] 0" 'uT'>'' - \

Figure 11. (continued) Annual peak discharges, through 1996, and discharges of 10-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals, for 16 selected gaging stations. (Stations locations are shown on fig. 10; January 1996 flood data are given in table 5 at end of report.) 04223000 - GENESEE RIVER AT PORTAGEVILLE, NY 04234000 - FALL CREEK NEAR ITHACA, NY

' \ ' 1 i '

- Q Z 14,000 g g 80,000 - u z 5 Q tr §12,000 < LU < LLI 1 00-year flood ^ CO 1 0C year flood S 00 o X- ,9 cc 10,000 - - CO ft 60,000 - 50-year flood - UJ LU 50-year flood Q Q_ Q 0. *H 8,000 - < LU n LU LU n LLI LLJ 0- u- 40,000 - n 1 0-year flood Q. LL 10-y _i Q 6,000 sar flood D S '~''-'-.~ t ll n n r 41 1 j s"\. fl / ^ 0 4,000 ~'T r -1 ' 5 v/ < 20,000 - >sn - '' ' li "Tirft iffn < /

2,000 0 - HI/ ,' ,1 I : L n , i 1 I, ,iif ll 19C o is320 1940 1960 1980 20( 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 WATER YEAR WATER YEAR The curve on each plot is the 1 5-year weighted moving average of annual peak discharges.

04262500 - WEST BRANCH OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR HARRISVILLE, NY 04275000 - EAST BRANCH AUSABLE RIVER AT AU SABLE FORKS, NY a,uuu i . i . i i | 20,000 - - 8,000 1 00-year flood 50-year flood Q 1 00-year flood . Q - - LU z 1 n LU z cpo CD O 50-year flood DC r ) _ 1 0-year flood ifl _ 5 l^ 15'000 - - < uu 6,000 ru t I CO 0^ " o ' - ^E ry . Q Q. r H 1. Q Q^ 1 0-year flood - - < til 4.000 'ff'T^'Tft'"- f' r % LU 1 °' 000 ,-, rT' ^Tfl.iLx ^ 1 ' ri LU LU LU LU Q- LL ' CL LL ' SQ r, ' r's. ' -J O ' " 1 rf ° ' ' ' : nfl /T ' 1 ^m § 5 '"' . >; -r"'""-:' - - £ D 5,000 . . zZ oR 2,000 < : , 1 . . . till n 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 20( WATER YEAR WATER YEAR

Figure 11.(Continued) Annual peak discharges through 1996, and discharges of 10-, 50-, and 100- year recurrence intervals, for 16 selected gaging stations. (Station locations are shown on fig. 10; January 1996 flood data are given in table 5 at end of report.) B. SITES WITHIN HUDSON RIVER, ESOPUS, Q.§ a A. SITES WITHIN SCHOHARIE CREEK BASIN RONDOUT, AND CATSKILL CREEK BASINS l_J 1 *J\J,\J\J\J , , . . i . | ...... | . | . | . , , , | LJ UUU.UUU _,,,., , ....,., , ...,,,, . ,..,,,,, 0) 0100,000 _ Z 0 * AA 0 ® - 8 200,000 : 8§ 2 D) UJ o ° ^ ^AJ o 3 W 50,000 w 100,000 - Q § Q o: /T\ Oi Oi o ^ CO DC o N 881 UJ UJ 50,000 L § P? S 2 °5 £ B - CL O T-« « IT2 O§ 88COCO g T-co 0. o E3 m o Q in co - |jj 20,000 T- O S ° W T-1- S ° o S 5 5 5 ° A n °° ° * UJ 20,000 o CM O O « - UJ UJ O) T- £ Q m A» * & O ^ ° ^ 10,000 5 o Q 10,000 r o s s - : CO o 0 ~ m m 5,000 :_ o A g 5,000 I 0^8 o A EXPLANATION j : £ EXPLANATION ~ c\i p* $2 O A 1996 peak discharge A 1996 peak discharge Z Z 2,000 ° ° A o : o uj" 1,000 r A 0" 2,000 " ^ 8 O Previous maximum for current degree O Previous maximum for current degree - °. O J2 of regulation and(or) storage of regulation and(or) storage j DC C 500 '- £ A CO T 1 ,000 0 : * Stream with regulation and (or) ; 0 200 - 1 * Stream with regulation and (or) '_ D) reservoir storage 0 reservoir storage (D o son . . , , i . i , i .... i . i . . i , , , , i o mn .... i ...... i ...... i ...... i 10 20 50 100 200 500 1,000 1,500 10 100 1,000 10,000 20,000 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

C. SITES WITHIN EAST BRANCH DELAWARE RIVER BASIN D. SITES WITHIN WEST BRANCH DELAWARE RIVER BASIN

Q IUU.UUU 1 1 1 . Q 50,000 1 ' 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' 1 i Z [ ' EXPLANAtlON ' O - A 1 996 peak discharge O 0 50,000 A J A 1 1 1 A o ft 20,000 0 0 O O Previous maximum for current degree O - 1 0 8 o 8 A o: of regulation and(or) storage A o £ o £ 10,000 8 2 A * o o o ; 0 0 r-, O CO o Cu 20,000 un in° T- * Q. rti O CSJ in CM to Stream with regulation ^ ^ ° w ° kj 5,000 ul ~ oT- ^O ^t*t c\jO o and (or) reservoir o 0 UJ o yj 10,000 | 5 0* LL o o : storage A o A 5 £ o o ~ A O in - 5 8 y 2,000 0 CM § 5,000 A > ° S _ CO 5 3 EXPLANATION o o o^1 x) « ° i 0 1,000 ; 0 f A 1 996 peak discharge Z g§§§ 5 5 ° Z ul 2,000 5 "?I ° 5 _ Uj" 500 7 O Previous maximum for current degree -_ o T- ^^5 O DC °Oo o: of regulation and(or) storage < 1 ,000 - I 200 - o 0 ~ * Site with regulation and(or) reservoir storage C/) ^ snn 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 1 1 . . 1 ... 1 ^ 100 i i . i .... i . i . Ai , . , , 1,000 1,500 1,000 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 12A-D. Peak discharge as a function of drainage area during the flood of January 19-20, 1996 at sites within the Catskill Mountain region. (Station names are given in Table 5 at the end of the report; locations are shown in fig. 10.) jjouny uuois

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND -» ro - ro in 3 88 - ro cji o o o -» ro CJI o o 088 8 8 8 8 o° ° 0 0 O OOO OOO O 1 1 1 III! 1 ' ' l ""1 ' ' l "" 1 ' ' ' '. 01! CJI 1 1 ' 5T *c O 01434021 : £ 3 O _j L

m* m 0) ro - - vt D O ». 01434105 H m »> O 01434025 ' su3 O 01434017 3 (/> C/) O 3 03 §1 (3 > 01434498O > (a o CD D 31 If 33 X CJI su 6-8co ~T O CD o m m o < o_ su ^ m S (Q CD 0143500*0 '. 3J * 01436000 O J 03 CD T m i - * Q. > CD (Q 2, w8 CQ 0) CD z <' a. CD ro * 01436690 * O 3 S o 3' 0) o _|(Q * 01 437500 »> O-

O" 0) CJI , 1 . , 1 ,,,,1 I . . I ...,l , I . , I ..,,! , I , . cb~ CD 01 » 0) 9- DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND -» CJI i _& ro CD (Q _i O O CJIOT^JODCOo in O CD ^ - O 00 OOOOOO O O Q. CD Ul 9.5* o 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' o r-» O 3- Q.

o ^ 01 427510* O 3 3, c J° "_1 » - * 01 428500* oO ^v^ o 0 § O 03 - 33 -. ?'S > o D Z 2 So O O ro 03 _L m 3J m m O t > o » \,SQUARIN .ii., ii 3,000 (or)reservoir Streamwithre regulationof Previousmaxi peak1996dis U) O »> 01434000 *~ O m > X (Q S. 33 TJ m m co O * P ^ ^ ^ -li "o" % 01438500* m"8 1 CQ CO CD H CD CD onan C/) o S| CO o O 0 c Z Q. Q 3 CO CD CD 2. o. CD CO 5 CJI CD 0 i | , 1 , I.I . ,,,!,.,, ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 ' 1

Q Z c CD o -£ CD o 0 90,000 _ n LO "53 to LU 'in LO CO c 03 05 Q) CD DC E O LLJ CO £ Q. o ^ Significant overbank and channel _ A. " t 1- 80,000 O "LO storage resulted in attenuation ^ LLJ o LO LJJ o A""" CO of peak discharges = U_ LO o LO 03 . o oo C 0 00 O >.- o t CD X' o 0 70,000 - LO £ y' z ^_ ^ o .5? LU ^ / O £2 / DC E?

0 60,000 o _ o CO o o A Peak discharge at USGS Q LO 05 gaging station

<£ o / LU Q. A

50000 . ... 1 I I 1 , 1 i . i .1.1.1. 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 DRAINAGE AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 13. Peak discharge as a function of drainage area for sites on Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996. (Locations are shown in fig. 10.)

flood in the Catskill Mountain area but was generally Effect of Reservoirs of a much lower magnitude than the January 1996 Reservoirs and lakes throughout New York had a flood. All hydrographs at each site are of similar significant mitigating effect on flooding during the shape, and the hydrographs for the West Branch January 1996 storm and subsequent period of runoff. Delaware River at Walton shows a generally long Data from selected lakes and reservoirs in New York duration of high flows, which may be a result of a are given in table 6. The change in contents during the relatively low main-channel slope and overbank period of storm runoff represents the time from just storage during high flows. The previous maximum before the lake or reservoir began to rise, to the time when the maximum elevation was observed or discharge recorded at this site was 19,500 ft3/s on recorded. Although several reservoirs continued to rise March 15, 1986. The discharge of the January 19-20, through at least the end of the month, the end date of 1996 flood exceeded this rate for nearly 16 hours. January 23 or 24 (if a reading was obtained in the Some of the most damaging flooding in the State morning) was used for the maximum elevation, as occurred in the Schoharie Creek and Delaware River stated previously, because subsequent rain affected basins. Hydrographs for gaging stations along the lake and reservoir water-surface elevations. Delaware River and its major tributaries, and Large amounts of storm runoff were stored in Schoharie Creek (fig. 16), show the magnitude, most reservoirs within the Catskill Mountain area duration, and timing of flows during January 18-21 at except Schoharie Reservoir, which was nearly full each site. The sites on the West and East Branches of before the storm and therefore could store little more before it began to spill. The water level of the Delaware River (fig. 16A) are the gages farthest Cannonsville Reservoir on the West Branch Delaware downstream from Cannonsville and Pepacton River rose nearly 23 ft during January 18-23; the Reservoirs, respectively. These reservoirs stored reservoir stored 4.0 in. of runoff during this period significant amounts of water and thereby decreased the and began to spill on January 25. Pepacton Reservoir magnitude of downstream flows. on the East Branch Delaware River stored 4.6 in. of

26 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 80

3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

3 '0 Line of equal storm runoff, in inches for January 18-23, 1996. Contour interval is 0.5 inches

75 100 MILES

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map. 1974

Figure 14. Lines of equal storm runoff for January 18-23, 1996 in New York. runoff during a nearly 20-ft rise in water level during hydrographs also show the duration and magnitude of January 18-23, and the level continued to rise into the flood at these sites, the relations between daily February. Ashokan Reservoir on Esopus Creek stored inflows, outflows, and lake or reservoir elevations, and 5.1 in. of runoff, the most of any reservoir in the State the amount of water stored during the runoff period (indicated by the shaded area on each plot). during the same period. Water levels in Cannonsville and Pepacton Hydrographs of daily inflow, outflow, and lake or Reservoirs, two of the largest reservoirs within the reservoir elevations for January 15-31, 1996 at New York City water-supply reservoir system, were selected lakes and reservoirs in New York are shown in below normal just before the January 19-20 flood; figure 17. Outflows include releases, spillage, and storage was 65 and 58 percent of capacity, diversions or withdrawals from the reservoir. The respectively (table 2). The degree to which these

Effect of Reservoirs 27 Q 60,000 90,000 O O 01350000 80,000 01351500 UU w 50,000 - SCHOHARIE CREEK SCHOHARIE CREEK DC AT PRATTSVILLE AT BURTONSVILLE UU 0. 40,000 60,000

UU UL EXPLANATION O 30,000 January 1996 CQ 3 40,000 O October 1955" 20,000 April 1987 / UU CD 20,000 DC < 10,000 O

2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 18 19 20 18 19 20 January 1996 January 1996

zQ 70,000 30,000 O 01362500 01413500 LU 60,000 w ESOPUS CREEK 25,000 EAST BRANCH DC AT COLDBROOK DELAWARE RIVER UU 0. AT MARGARETVILLE 20,000

LL 40,000 O 15,000 CD u EXPLANATION o January 1996 10,000 j 20,000 November 1950 CD DC April 1987 5,000 I O w Q 0 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 18 19 20 18 19 20 January 1996 January 1996

Q 50,000 30,000 O O 01420500 01423000 UU BEAVER KILL AT 25,000 WEST BRANCH 40,000 COOKS FALLS DELAWARE RIVER AT WALTON 20,000 UU 30,000 LJL EXPLANATION o 15,000 EXPLANATION CD January 1996 January 1996 O 20,000 March 1951 March 1986 April 1987 10,000 UU April 1987 CD DC 10,000 < 5,000 O w 0 0 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 18 19 20 18 19 20 January 1996 January 1996

Figure 15. Discharge hydrographs of the January 1996 flood, the previous maximum flood, and the April 1987 flood at six continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations in the Catskill Mountain region of New York. (Locations are shown in fig. 10.)

28 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 160,000

A. DELAWARE RIVER (WEST AND EAST BRANCH AND MAIN STEM) 140,000 O O LU CO DC 120,000 LU Drainage Peak Q. area discharge Ill Station and location (mi2) (ff/s) 111 100,000 U_ O 01426500 West Br Delaware R 595 DO at Hale Eddy, NY 01421000 East Br Delaware R Q 80,000 at Fishes Eddy, NY 01427510 Delaware River at Callicoon, NY 111 01428500 Delaware River O 60,000 near Barryville, NY DC 01434000 Delaware River < at Port Jervis, NY I 01438500 Delaware River O at Montague, NJ |2 40,000

20,000

2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 18 19 20 21 January 1996

90,000

B. SCHOHARIE CREEK 80,000

70,000 01350180 01351500 O (Burtonsville) O (North Blenheim) 111 CO DC 60,000 111 01350101 Q_ (Gilboa) 50,000 u_ O 01350355 \ \\ \ (Breakabeen) \ § 40,000 Drainage Peak O area discharge Station (mi2) (ft3/s) m 30,000 01350000 237 52,800 O 01350101 316 70,800 DC 01350180 358 75,600 I 20,000 01350355 444 80,200 O 01351500 886 81,600 CO G 10,000

0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 0600 1200 1800 2400 18 19 20 21 January 1996

Figure 16. Discharge hydrographs for selected gaging stations in the Catskill Mountain region, N.Y., January 18-21, 1996. (Locations are shown in fig. 10; station names are given in table 5 at end of report.)

Effect of Reservoirs 29 Table 6. Data on selected lakes and reservoirs in New York during the runoff period of the January 1996 storm [mi2, square miles, ft, feet, ft3, cubic feet. Locations are shown in fig. 10.] Change in lake or reservoir contents during period of storm runoff Spillway crest CO 0 Drainage Water-surface Percentage Change in Runoff Data * Station area elevationf Contents of usable contents stored Elevationf Capacity source number Station name (mi2) Date (ft) (million ft3) capacity (million ft3) (inches) (ft) (million ft3) -n o o 1 0131 4500 Indian Lake near Indian Lake 131 1/19 al, 640.33 2,786 59.7 399.0 1.3 1,651.29 4,668 Q. 1/24 al ,640.78 3,185 68.2 O^ c_ 2 01323500 Great at Conklingville 1,044 1/18 b750.98 C 16,832 44.6 3,678.0 1.5 771.00 C37,720 0) 1/23 b754.90 C20,510 54.4 0) 3 0 1 3 3 5900 Delta Reservoir near Rome 148 1/19 a541.50 1,890 67.5 515.0 1.5 550.00 2,800 5 1/22 a546.50 2,405 85.9 ? 4 01343900 Hinckley Reservoir at Hinckley 372 1/17 b l, 197.45 933 28.1 1,367.0 1.6 1,225.00 3,320 p 1/23 b l, 215.44 2,300 69.3 (O 0 1 350100 Schoharie Reservoir near Grand Gorge 315 1/17 b 1,1 29.26 2,583 98.7 390.0 d0.05/ 1,130.00 2,618 e0.5 5' 1/19 1,136.68 2,973 113.6 ? a'f573.60 z 5 01 363400 Ashokan Reservoir at Ashokan 256 1/18 812,289 871.9 83,017.0 85.1 f587.10 817,095 i 1/24 a'f580.01 812,306 889.5 -< 5 01366400 Rondout Reservoir at Lackawack 95.4 1/18 a826.25 5,492 82.1 357.0 1.6 840.00 6,691 0 1/22 a830.48 5,849 87.4 3T <2 5 01416900 Pepacton Reservoir near Downsville 372 1/18 al, 243.04 11,255 60.0 3,960.0 4.6 1,280.00 18,743 0) 1/24 al, 262.76 15,215 81.2 0 5 01424997 Cannonsville Reservoir at Cannonsville 454 1/18 al, 126.15 8,485 66.3 4,244.0 4.0 1,150.00 12,796 1/24 al, 149.00 12,729 99.5 5 01435900 Neversink Reservoir at Neversink 92.5 1/18 al,401.69 2,575 55.1 797.0 3.7 1,440.00 4,672 1/24 al,417.25 3,372 72.2 04224000 Mount Morris Lake near Mount Morris 1,080 1/17 b'h597.00 h!87 1.3 7,481.0 3.0 760.00 14,671 1/23 703.70 7,668 52.3 04238500 Onondaga Reservoir near Nedrow 67.7 1/17 b460.89 0.2 0.03 181.6 1.2 504.50 792.8 1/20 481.83 181.8 22.9 2 04253300 Sixth Lake near Old Forge 18.6 1/18 al, 782.30 180 60.7 32.0 0.7 1,786.00 296.6 1/20 al,783.30 212 71.5 2 04253400 First Lake at Old Forge 53.6 1/18 al,703.00 373 41.6 130.0 1.0 1,707.00 895.6 1/24 al, 704.04 503 56.2 2 04256500 Stillwater Reservoir near Beaver River 171 1/19 al, 668.83 2,199 47.6 486.0 1.2 1,679.30 4,623 1/24 al, 67 1.22 2,685 58.1 6 04260990 Cranberry Lake at Cranberry Lake 140 1/18 '1,484.15 1,814 71.7 454.0 1.4 1,486.43 2,530 1/24 '1,485.85 2,268 89.6

Data sources: Footnotes: 1 Indian River Company f Feet above sea level unless noted otherwise e At time of maximum lake or reservoir 2 Hudson River-Black River Regulating District a Reading at 0800 hours water-surface elevation f 3 New York Thruway Authority b Reading at 2400 hours East Reservoir o o 4 New York Power Authority; elevations are to Barge Canal Datum c Includes dead storage of 4,600 million ft Combined total of East and West basin n 5 New York City Department of Environmental Protection d At 100 percent usable capacity (prior to About i 6 Oswegatchie River-Cranberry Reservoir Commission spillage) Reading at 1200 hours 01323500 - AT CONKLINGVILLE 01335900 - DELTA RESERVOIR NEAR ROME 20,000 | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , i i 760 Q 6,000 548

O O LU Elevation CO 758 O LU O LU DC 15,000 LU <^ Q. Inflow I- 4,000 - LU ^ LU LU 756 LU CO LU LL LU LU LL O 10,000 O GO LL CO GO 754 Z> O i< o co 03 2,000 - CO Qj DC LU DC LU LU LU LL LU 542 LU LL O 5,000 O DC 752 t? ? DC < < T. X O O co co Q 750 Q 540 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

01343900 - HINCKLEY RESERVOIR AT HINCKLEY 01350100 - SCHOHARIE RESERVOIR NEAR GRAND GORGE 10,000 | i i i i . i , , , , , , , , , 11,220 Q 30,000 1,1 34 Z O O o O Spillway crest LU LU CO 8,000 - - 1,215 O LU CO at 1,130.0ft 1,133 O LU DC DC - LU LU Q_ Q_ I- 20,000 LU LU LU LU 6,000 - - 1,210 Lu CO LU 1,132 Lu LL LU LU LL LU O O O GO LL CO GO LL ID Q 4,000 - - 1,205 1,131 9g O CO LU 10,000 CO DC LU DC LU LU LL LU LU I O O o DC 2,000 - - 1,200 < ^ DC 1,130 < ? < < X X o o CO CO Q 1,195 Q 1,129 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

Figure 17. Hydrographs of daily inflow, outflow, and lake or reservoir water-surface elevation for selected sites in New York for January 15-31. (Shaded areas are amounts of water stored during runoff period. Locations are shown in fig. 10). 01363400 - ASHOKAN RESERVOIR AT ASHOKAN 01366400 - RONDOUT RESERVOIR AT LACKAWACK

Q OU,UUU oau 5,000, i i , i , , , , i i i i , i i 1834 3 Z o 0 f~ ~~ ~' o o / a $ 25,000 : / Elevation r. Elevation / O LU 4,000 O UJ DC 585 I- ^ 832 CO LU : * x/ > ^ c £ 20,000 M / - UJ < CO -I UJ LU - Inflow -Vs- Elevations are for / 3,000 _ Inflow LU v. ^XJ. East Reservoir ^_-' UJ CO LU CO LL ^^~//J. ^^-"" Spillway Crest" UJ UJ LU UJ

10 »vxS ^-'"' ^ at 587.1 Oft < O p CO ^X/1- /x K* LL cQ D 2,000 to O 5' ;//X Water stored .^% DC UJ DC UJ LU 575 LU LL 828 UJ LL o ^J////- z DC x x * ^* ^ 1,000 < 5,000 ~ ~?/////§ f>- 'y////- > i I O Outflow ffl///^/-,. //*, y///9// 0< CO - 1 .,^^X^777XX^^^Z^^= a 0 570 826 1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 CO 1 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 (D JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

01416900 - PEPACTON RESERVOIR NEAR DOWNSVILLE 01424997 - CANNONSVILLE RESERVOIR AT CANNONSVILLE a 30,000 1,280 30,000 1,1 60

O O UJ O LU CO O LU - 1,270 H ^j DC - 1,150 UJ Q. 20,000 - 20,000 - UJ %$ UJ UJ UJ CO UJ LU CO LL UJ LU LL UJ UJ o 1,2600> O 1,140 O > < O CO CO D o o 10,000 - CO Qj 10,000 - CO Qj DC UJ DC UJ UJ 1,250 IJJ "- UJ UJ LL o O - 1,130 DC DC < < I o O CO CO 1,240 Q 1,120 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

Figure 17. (Continued) Hydrographs of daily inflow, outflow, and lake or reservoir water-surface elevation for selected sites in New York for January 15-31,1996. (Shaded areas are amounts of water stored during runoff period. Locations are shown in fig. 10) 01435900 - NEVERSINK RESERVOIR NEAR NEVERSINK 04224000 - MOUNT MORRIS LAKE NEAR MOUNT MORRIS 8,000 i i i . i . i , , i , r i i , . 11,440 Q 40,000 720

700 O 6,000 - 30,000 1- 680 Inflow * LU 660 * 4,000 - 20,000 8 640 £

620 CC 2,000 - 10,000 LU < e 600

1,400 580 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

04256500 - STILLWATER RESERVOIR NEAR BEAVER RIVER 04260990 - CRANBERRY LAKE AT CRANBERRY LAKE 2,500 1,673 Q 4,000 1,486.5

O O LU - 1,672 O 0) CC LU 3,000 - 0.

LU - 1,671 LU LL. O 2,000 DO D - 1,670 O z jtj 1,000 1,669 < ? cc I o 1,668 1,484.0 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 JANUARY 1996 JANUARY 1996

Figure 17. (Continued) Hydrographs of daily inflow, outflow, and lake or reservoir water-surface elevation for selected sites in New York for January 15-31,1996. (Shaded areas are amounts of water stored during runoff period. Locations are shown in fig. 10) A. CANNONSVILLE RESERVOIR B. PEPACTON RESERVOIR Q 40,000 60,000 O Computed total inflows to Computed total inflows to O Cannonsville Reservoir Pepacton Reservoir $ 35,000 (3-hr moving average) (3-hr moving average) DC 50,000 - LJJ 01423000-West Branch 01413500-East Branch & 30,000 Delaware River at Walton - Delaware River at Margaretville (73 percent of total drainage - (44 percent of total drainage to LU LJJ to Cannonsville Reservoir) 40,000 - Pepacton Reservoir) £ 25,000 m z> 020,000 30,000 -

Outflows from the reservoir averaged ( 15,000 282 cubic feet per second during DC 20,000 - January 19-21, 1996. < 010,000 CO Q 10,000 - 5,000 - -y Outflows from the reservoir averaged ! // 71 cubic feet per second during January 19-21, 1996 0 i_____i_____,_____i 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400 19 20 21 20 21 January 1996 January 1996

Figure 18. Inflows to Cannonsville and Pepacton Reservoirs during January 19-21, 1996. (Locations are shown in fig. 10.)

reservoirs attenuate and delay flood peaks is a full (91 percent of capacity), and Cannonsville function of available storage at the onset of flooding; Reservoir had already begun to spill (table 2). The the reservoirs have no provision for planned total amount of floodwater stored (95.5 Bgal) in the regulation of floodflows, and the amount they are able Catskill Mountain part of the New York City to divert through water-supply tunnels is Reservoir system (all reservoirs listed in table 2, inconsequential in relation to flood volumes. Inflows excluding the Croton system in Westchester County) to these two reservoirs were computed from hourly during January 18-23, 1996 (most during January 19- reservoir-level data provided by the New York City 20) was enough water to supply the 6.9 million New Department of Environmental Protection. A 3-hour York City residents for 3.5 months (D. Lumia, U.S. moving average was applied to the inflows to smooth Geological Survey, written commun., 1997). the effects of wind and seiche on the reservoir levels; the resulting hydrographs are shown in figures ISA Flood Profiles of Schoharie Creek and 18B. Hydrographs for USGS streamflow gaging Floodmarks (flood-crest stages) were obtained stations on the main streams entering each reservoir along an 83-mi reach of Schoharie Creek from the are included for comparison. Outflows are noted on headwaters (near Hunter) to the mouth (near Fort each illustration and were held at relatively Hunter) to help document and evaluate the extent and insignificant amounts because nearly all the inflow severity of the flood. A generalized profile of the entire was stored during January 19-21. The peak inflow to study reach showing the floodmarks, low-water Pepacton Reservoir (fig. 18B) (greater than 50,000 o profile, and locations of major communities is given in ft /s) occurred at 7:00 p.m. on January 19; the outflow figure 19; a map showing the location of USGS at that time was about 1,800 ft3/s. Without the streamflow gaging stations, communities, and major reservoir storage, communities downstream from the geographic features along Schoharie Creek is given in reservoirs would have experienced far greater figure 20. flooding and much more damage and destruction. By After the January 19-20, 1996 flood, the U.S. the end of January, Pepacton Reservoir was nearly Geological Survey surveyed high-water marks along

34 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 9£ >|aajO aueqoips jo sanjojd

ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL § 8 8 6

Fort Hunter 0>Sf = 5s "

Mill Point 3 -o ^ 3

o -*o 3 O> CD O . Burtonsville (/>O O3" " USGS gaging station 01351500 o rr D 03 Esperance 5-0Q. ^S. CQ Q 3 CD 03 CD" CD en o Central Bridge

Schoharie

Middleburg

CDO' Q. -< __ USGS gaging station 01350355 o 3 Breakabeen

_ North Blenheim USGS gaging station 01350180 Blenheim-Gilboa Lower Reservoir and Dam

I CO --CQ D 03 Gilboa (USGS gaging station 01350101) Gilboa Dam (Schoharie Reservoir) USGS gaging station 01350100

6' Prattsville (USGS gaging station 01350000)

JW Q. 03 3 Mosquito Point in Lexington Q. c_ 03 D C 03 Jewett Center

Hunter 74° 45' 30' 15'

AMSTERDAMb

MONTGOMERY \ , __ I BurtomtiHe % "* %% ' 1 *

42° 45'

30'

EXPLANATION County boundary

15' ^~ Schoharie Creek ' basin boundary

o Community

^ U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station

,. Number of miles upstream from . .. o-rpp mouth of Schoharie Creek UL£> I tH

0I i 5' i . 0 5 10 15 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Binghamton, NY, 1:250,000,1948

Figure 20. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations and major geographic features along Schoharie Creek (Profiles of the study reach are shown in fig. 19 and 21.)

36 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 310 380 Low chord at 327 ft 305 375

HI HI HI HI 300 O 370

HI HI CO CO HI 295 365 O O DO DO < < 290 360 HI HI HI HI U_ ~ 285 - 355

O < 280 350 HI HI _i HI LJU 275 345

27iQl I , | , | , | , L_ 34.QL 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 525 7 A January 1996 floodmark

O April 1987 floodmark

* October 1955 floodmark

s^ Low-water- surface profile

Road elevation at bridge

Low chord elevation

January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks Water-surface Water-surface Number elevation Number elevation (ft) (ft)

HI 1 290.64 6 359.23 2 292.84 7 508.71 3 293.94 8 509.92 4 297.80 9 520.86 48 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15.0 5 356.85 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. Water surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

Flood Profiles of Schoharie Creek 37 585 595

11 580 .A* 590 13 12 * A LU LLJ LLJ 575 585 J

LU LU CO CO W 570 580 o O CO CO LLJ < I- 565 575 LU LU O DC LU LU LLJ

- 560 ~ 570 Z I O O h- h- < 555 < 565 LU LU _J _j LU LU 550 560

545 555 17.517.6 17.8 18.0 18.2 18.418.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION

uuu l A January 1996 floodmark

- O April 1 987 floodmark 600 ~ _j LU * October 1 955 floodmark § 595 ! L" i *^ Low-water- surface profile 14 A°^ LU CO yj 590 O Road elevation at bridge DC o DC CO Z 0 H 585 CO LU Q LU Low chord elevation LL I Q z"- 580 - z r < 0 i- LU January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks DC < < 575 Water-surface Water-surface LU Number elevation Number elevation _J : 1 ^^ LU : Q ^^^^~^^ : (ft) (ft) 570 L- - ^^~~~^^ ~ 10 578.27 13 588.78 . 11 580.12 14 592.56 Rfifi i , i , i . , , i 12 588.28 15 594.78 24.5 25.0 25.5 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

38 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State U lij 620

- . 610 615

- - LU LU ^> Ot3 1 1 1 a3 LU j 605 LU ~ 610 20 LU ; LU O CO CO CO CC w 600 LU - UJ 605 O o -^ 29 o CO - .19 00 1- 595 18 ^ I- 600 LU LU LU '. 17 A o ; LU U_ : 16 A A ° - LL - z~- 590 r o z"- 595 0 - O I- i-LU I- < 585 - < 590 ~ 0 LU cc LU _J - LU LU LU 580 £ - 585 CO - : _ ^^, - K7K 580 25.5 26.0 26.5 30.5 31.0 31.5 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION

UvJU i *-" A January i yyb TiooamarK

O April 1 987 floodmark 645 - _i LU - * October 1 955 floodmark - § 640 .x**** Low-water- surface profile LU CO 22 A ^23 Road elevation at bridge LU 000635 : r o : O . CO - H Doll/jon LU LU Low chord elevation LU ; i- ; LL O ^ z"- 625 in !? January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks O ; B8 ; I- CO Water-surface Water-surface < 620 ~ ^ ^^ Number elevation Number elevation LU ^ * *" " (ft) («) LU 1 615 - 16 590.80 20 607.46 - 17 591.92 21 608.56 ! I 18 593.72 22 635.97 RIO i i i i ... i qfin ofis 07 n 19 596.02 23 636.62 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

Flood Profiles of Schoharie Creek 39 700 710

695 705

LU LU LU LU 690 700

LU LU CO CO 27 W W 685 695 26 O 24 O CO CO O I- 680 I- 690 LU LU LU LU LL LL - 675 685 Z O

670 < 680 LU LU _l _l LU LU 665 675

660 670 40.5 41.0 41.5 41.5 42.0 42.5 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 720 26 ^ January 1996 floodmark O April 1987 floodmark 715 * October 1955 floodmark LU ^^ Low-water- surface profile LU 710 28 Road elevation at bridge LU CO LU 705 O CO Low chord elevation fc 7°° LU LL z"- 695 January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks O Water-surface Water-surface < 690 Number elevation Number elevation LU (ft) (ft) Eli 24 694.90 685 681.58 27 25 682.68 28 707.75 26 693.56 29 708.04 680 42.5 43.0 43.5 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20,1996.

40 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 805 820

800 815 33 LLJ UJ A O LLJ 795 LJJ 810

LLJ LJJ CO CO W 790 W 805 O O CO CO 785 800 Li LJJ LJJ LJJ U_ - 780 z"- 795 O < 775 < 790 LJJ LJJ _l UJ LJJ 770 785

765 780 49.0 49.5 50.0 50.0 50.5 51.0 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 30 900 A January 1996 floodmark

O April 1987 floodmark 895 * October 1955 floodmark LJJ From New York Power Authority ^>^ Low-water- surface profile 890

LJJ Road elevation at bridge CO 885 § CO Normal Low chord elevation LJJ LJJ operating U. level - 875 January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks

< 870 Water-surface Water-surface LJJ Number elevation Number elevation LJJ Gate sill at 855.0 ft (ft) (ft) 865 30 789.76 33 812.04 31 792.09 34 895.50 860 32 794.74 51.0 51.5 52.0 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

Flood Profiles of Schoharie Creek 41 975 1,150

cc 970 1,145 § DC LU LU < CO LU 965 LU 1,140 O LU O LLI LU CO £f CO LU USGS reservoir gaging CO station 01 3501 00 960 5£ W 1,135 O at mile 59.7 o O CO CO o < 955 I- 1,130 LU LU LU LU Spillway crest LL at 1130.0 ft . 950 ~ 1 ' 125 O O < 945 < 1,120 LU LU _l LU LU 940 1,115

935 1,110 56.5 57.0 57.5 57.0 57.5 58.0 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 1,170 37 A January 1996 floodmark

O April 1987 floodmark 1,165

LU * October 1955 floodmark > LU 1,160 ^^ Low-water- surface profile < LU CO Road elevation at bridge LU 1,155 O CO < 1,150 Low chord elevation LU LU

- 1,145

O January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks 1 1,140 Water-surface Water-surface LU _l Number elevation Number elevation LU (ft) (ft) 1,135 35 970.84 38 1149.75 36 971 .80 39 1150.89 1,130 1150.96 62.0 62.5 63.0 37 1136.62 40 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21 (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

42 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State 1,285 1,340

1,280 1,335 _ LU HI > HI 1,275 44 HI HI CO CO 43 W 1,270 W 1,325 O O m m 1,265 1,320

- 1,260 - 1,315 O O

< 1,255 < 1,310 HI HI _i _i HI HI 1,250 1,305

1,245 1,300 67.5 68.0 68.5 70.0 70.5 71.0 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 1,470 43 A January 1996 floodmark O April 1987 floodmark 1,465 * October 1955 floodmark ^ Low-water- surface profile 45 1,460 Road elevation at bridge HI CO 1,455 § m < -"- Low chord elevation 1,450 HI HI

__ 1,445 O < 1,440 Water-surface Water-surface HI Number elevation Number elevation HI (ft) (ft) 1,435 41 61268.00 44 1327.60 42 1268.34 45 1459.94 43 1 325.32 46 1462.32 1,430 75.5 76.0 76.5 e Estimate RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21 (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

Flood Profiles of Schoharie Creek 43 1,545 1,615

1,610 52 Ill 51 > 111 111< CO 111 O CO 1,590 t111 ,50

1,580 < '49 HI _i ill HI 1,570

1,505 1,565 78.0 78.5 79.0 79.9 80.0 80.5 80.9 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

EXPLANATION 1,695 53 A January 1996 floodmark

O April 1987 floodmark 1,690 LU ^^ Low-water- surface profile ill 1,685 Road elevation at bridge LLJ CO 1,680 § CQ Low chord elevation I- 1,675 HI ill January 19-20, 1996 Floodmarks - 1,670 Water-surface Water-surface 1,665 Number elevation Number elevation 111 (ft) (ft) 111 1,660 47 1532.65 51 1604.80 48 1534.51 52 1606.47 49 1577.88 53 1676.90 1,655 50 1583.84 54 1677.86 82.5 83.0 83.5 RIVER MILE UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH

Figure 21. (continued) Water-surface profiles of Schoharie Creek during the flood of January 19-20, 1996.

44 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State the creek at 25 bridges, 2 dams, and 6 USGS gaging southeastern New York. Damages and losses within stations. The 54 marks were later referenced to Delaware County alone exceeded $20 million. National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (sea level) More than 4.5 in. of rain falling on as much as 45 and are plotted with those from the floods of April in. of melting snow in the Catskill Mountain region 1987 and October 1955 in figure 21. The locations during January 18-19 resulted in major flooding (river mile) of bridges, dams, and elevations of the throughout the region. Flooding in other parts of the low-water-surface profile were obtained from USGS State was significant but less severe than that in topographic maps. Low-chord and road elevations of southeastern New York. Ice and debris jamming at bridges were measured in the field or obtained from culverts and bridges contributed to the flooding in New York State Department of Transportation. many areas. The most destructive flooding occurred Several floodmarks were obtained during January along the Schoharie Creek and the East and West 1996 and April 1987 (Zembrzuski and Evans, 1989) Branches of the Delaware River. New peak discharges upstream and downstream from bridges, but for of record occurred at 57 USGS streamflow gaging clarity, only two marks are shown at most bridges in stations throughout New York. Maximum discharges figure 21. All surveyed marks from the October 1955 at 15 sites, most within the Schoharie Creek and flood are shown (Bogart, 1960). Delaware River basins, had recurrence intervals equal The flood profiles shown in figure 21 indicate that to or greater than 100 years. the January 1996 flood elevations were generally Reservoirs throughout New York, but particularly higher than those of April 1987. One exception is at those within the Catskill Mountain region, stored the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) bridge at significant amounts of floodwater, resulting in several river mile 1.2, where the flood elevation at the sharply reduced peak discharges downstream. The upstream side of the bridge during the April 1987 New York City reservoir system (excluding the Croton flood was nearly 3 ft higher than that found after the System in Westchester County) stored 95.5 Bgal of January 1996 flood. This bridge collapsed during the floodwater (mostly during January 19-20), enough to April 1987 flood, and claimed 10 lives. The physical supply the 6.9 million city residents for 3.5 months. and hydraulic characteristics of the replacement bridge Peak water-surface elevations were obtained resulted in less backwater (lower flood water-surface along an 83-mi reach of Schoharie Creek to help elevation) during the more severe 1996 flood. document the flooding throughout the area. The Replacement or refurbishment of several other bridges profiles indicate that the January 1996 flood elevations along the study reach since the April 1987 flood makes were generally higher than those of April 1987 and comparisons with the 1996 flood difficult. At many were similar to those of the October 1955 flood. One locations, the flood elevations from the October 1955 exception was at the New York State Thruway bridge flood are comparable to those of the January 1996 (Interstate 90), where the January 1996 floodwater- flood. surface upstream from the bridge was nearly 3 ft lower than that found after the April 1987 flood, when the bridge collapsed, killing 10 people. SUMMARY

Precipitation from a strong storm during January REFERENCES CITED 18-20, 1996, combined with unseasonably warm temperatures that caused rapid snowmelt, resulted in Bogart, D.B., 1960, Floods of August-October 1955, New England to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey extensive flooding throughout New York State. Water-Supply Paper 1420, 854 p. Damages to highways, bridges, and private property Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997, One year exceeded $100 million. The storm and flooding later: Floods of January 1996: FEMA-1095-DR-NY, 8 claimed 10 lives, stranded hundreds of people, P- destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1995 Statistical methods in businesses, and closed hundreds of roads. Forty-one water resources, (3d ed.): Amsterdam, [The Nether­ counties in New York were declared Federal disaster lands], Elsevier Science B.V. Publishers, 529 p. areas. The most severely affected region was within Lumia, Richard, 1991, Regionalization of flood discharges and surrounding the Catskill Mountains in for rural, unregulated streams in New York, excluding

References Cited 45 Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources U.S. Water Resources Council, 1981, Guidelines for deter­ Investigations Report 90-4197, 119 p. mining flood-flow frequency: Bulletin 17B of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1980, Hydrology Committee, Water Resources Council, Climates of the States, v. 1, Alabama-North Dakota: p. Washington, D.C., 28 p., appendix. 530-539. Wagner, L.A., 1982, Drainage areas of New York streams, 1996a, Climatological data, New York, January by river basins, a stream gazetteer, Part 1 data com­ 1996, v. 108, no. 1,47 p. piled as of October 1980: U.S. Geological Survey 1996b, Hourly precipitation data, New York, January Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81- 1996, v. 46, no. 1,21 p. 1055, 359 p. The Reporter, 1996, [Disaster along the Delaware]: Walton, Zembrzuski, T.J., Jr., and Evans, M.L., 1989, Flood of April N.Y, Wednesday, January 24, p. 5-6. 4-5, 1987, in southeastern New York State, with flood The Daily Star, 1996, [The Great Flood of '96]: Oneonta, profiles of Schoharie Creek: U.S. Geological Survey N.Y, Tuesday, January 30, p. 8. Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4084, 43 p. U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the United States: Washing­ ton, D.C., Technical Paper no. 40, 115 p.

46 Flood of January 19-20,1996 in New York State FOOTNOTES FOR TABLE 5

* Significant regulation and(or) storage possible in lakes and reservoirs upstream from site provides possible attenuation of peak discharge a Mean sea level b Maximum daily value c From floodmark d About e Ice-jam release f Ice jam (backwater from ice) g Different site and datum than most recent h Prior to current degree of regulation i From gage at Spier Falls j Affected by dam failure k Calculated by indirect methods m Undetermined amount of flow bypassing bridge at gage n From U.S. Army Corps of Engineers p Tide affected q Different datum than most recent r From National Weather Service s Different site than most recent t Affected by backwater from downstream lake or river # Drainage area = 263,700 mi2 u International Great Lakes Datum v From records of Village of Attica w From records of City of Batavia x Does not include a discharge of 4,320 ft3/s estimated by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to have bypassed gage y From New York State Department of Transportation z Gage height from at least 200 ft upstream from gage aa 2.8 mi upstream (drainage area =156 mi2) bb From marks at railroad bridge near present gage ** Recurrence intervals for peak discharges at sites on streams with significant regulation or storage were calculated from statistical analyses of annual peak discharges during the regulated period. No adjustments were made for the amount of available storage in the reservoirs before or during floods, nor for changes in regulation procedures during the period of regulation. Other studies, such as flood-insurance studies, and other procedures, can be checked for alternative methods for determining peak discharge recurrence intervals at these sites. Many of the peak discharges were estimated because of ice conditions and ice jamming at these sites; thus, the values could be significantly in error.

Footnotes 47 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 [Basin locations shown in fig. 1A; station locations in fig. 10; mi2, square miles; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; RI, recurrence interval; misc, miscellaneous; dashes indicate data unavailable. Footnotes are given on p.47.]

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 January9-20,x>dof1 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN

1 * 01317000 AT RIVERBANK 527 1908-70, 1987- 03/21/36 C 12.18 12,100 19 C6.44 3,450 6.5 <2 8 * 01318500 HUDSON RIVER AT HADLEY 1,664 1921- 03/27/13 _ d49,000 20 e !1.69 d'e 18,000 10.8 <2 01/01/49 21.21 42,700

9 01321000 NR HOPE 491 1911- 03/27/13 C 11.0 32,000 19 9.29 22,400 45.6 15 03/01/55 f 13.32

10 * 01323500 GREAT SACANDAGA LAKE AT 1,044 1930- 05/04/93 a773.29 _ 23 a754.90 _ _ __ CONKLINGVILLE 11 * 01325000 SACANDAGA RIVER AT STEWARTS BRIDGE 1,055 1907- 03/28/13 812.36 d'h35,500 19 5.41 4,140 3.9 <2 NR HADLEY 05/04/83 9.68 13,300

12 * 01327750 HUDSON RIVER AT FORT EDWARD 2,817 1899-1908, 1976- 03/28/13 __ ^89,100 20 25.21 20,300 7.2 <2 05/03/83 28.34 35,200

13 01329154 STEELE BK AT SHUSHAN 2.85 1979- 01/26/90 5.62 118 19 6.56 149 52.3 15

14 01329500 AT BATTENVILLE 394 1923-68,1987- 1 1/04/27 C 17.7 21,300 20 f!2.19 d8,800 22.3 5

15 01330000 GLOWEGEE CR AT WEST MILTON 26.0 1948-63,1990- 12/31/48 7.04 1,670 19 7.01 1 ,300 50.0 15

16 01332500 NR WILLIAMSTOWN MA 126 1940- 12/31/48 814.85 13,000 19 10.25 5,730 45.5 4 17 01333500 LITTLE HOOSIC RIVER AT PETERSBURG 56.1 1951- 12/31/48 C9.4 7,470 19 C8.77 d4,400 78.4 15

18 01334000 NR NORTH 111 1931- 09/21/38 12.04 8,450 19 9.87 5,960 53.7 9 BENNINGTON VT

19 01334500 HOOSIC RIVER NR EAGLE BRIDGE 510 1910- 12/31/48 -21.15 55,400 20 14.16 20,900 41.0 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) P3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

20 * 0 1 335754 HUDSON RIVER ABOVE LOCK 1 NR 4,611 1976- 03/15/77 71,800 20 32.49 46,400 10.1 3 WATERFORD 03/30/84 36.38 MOHAWK RIVER BASIN

21 * 01335900 DELTA RESERVOIR NR ROME 148 1913- 06/22/72 a'b552.8 - 22 a'b546.50 - - - 04/17/94 a'b552.8

22 * 01336000 MOHAWK RIVER BELOW DELTA DAM NR 152 1921- 10/02/45 11.18 8,560 24 3.90 1,020 6.7 <2 ROME

23 01342800 WEST CANADA CR AT NOBLEBORO 193 1958-76,1987- 12/29/84 C 13.93 20,000 19 9.51 9,680 50.2 4 24 * 01343900 HINCKLEYRESERVIORATHINCKLEY 372 1914- 10/02/45 a'b l, 230.2 - 23 a'b !215.44 - - -

25 * 01346000 WEST CANADA CR AT KAST BRIDGE 560 1907-18,1920- 03/26/13 - h23,300 19 6.82 13,600 24.3 5

26 * 0 1 347000 MOHAWK RIVER NR LITTLE FALLS 1,342 1927- 03/14/77 C 19.17 33,100 19 18.47 30,700 22.9 80 27 0 1 348000 EAST CANADA CR AT EAST CR 289 1945-1995 10/02/45 C9.00 "24,000 19 C8.32 17,000 58.8 70 12/29/84 7.68 13,600 28 0 1 348420 NORTH CR NR EPHR ATAH 6.52 1975- 06/29/82 8.95 540 19 5.90 230 35.3 <2

29 01 3491 50 CANAJOHARIE CR NR CANAJOHARIE 59.7 1993- 03/30/93 f8.81 2,890 19 f8.69 3,280 54.9 - 30 0 1 349700 EA ST KILL NR JE WETT CENTER 35.6 1965-74 04/04/87 C 11.18 11,400 19 C100

31 01349810 NR WEST KILL 27.0 misc. 10/16/55 - 4,880 19 - k6,500 240.7 25

32 * 01 349850 BATAVIA KILL AT HENSONVILLE 13.5 1972-93 08/13/55 C7.8 h5,000 19 C5.1 d2,000 150.4 20 09/12/60 C8.7 h5,000 04/04/87 5.51 2,390

33 * 0 1 349900 BATAVIA KILL NR ASHLAND 51.2 1991- 04/04/87 C 14.82 k 12, 700 19 d !5.5 d'k 14,300 279.3 -

34 * 01 349950 BATAVIA KILL AT RED FALLS NR 68.6 misc. - -- - 19 - k 16,400 239.1 - PRATTSVILLE 35 01350000 SCHOHARIE CR AT PRATTSVILLE 237 1902- 10/16/55 19.14 m5 1,600 19 19.39 m52,800 222.8 d50 03/05/79 f 19.57

36 01350080 MANOR KILL AT WEST CONES VILLE NR 32.4 1986- 04/04/87 C 10.9 4,680 19 10.20 5,050 155.9 20 GILBOA Table5 37 * 01350100 SCHOHARIE RESERVOIR NR GRAND GORGE 315 1973- 10/16/55 a l ,136.26 19 al, 136.68 38 * 01350101 SCHOHARIE CR AT GILBOA 316 1975- 10/16/55 d'k65,000 19 30.60 k70,800 224.1 60 04/04/87 C30.2 56,400

39 01350120 AT GILBOA 10.9 1975- 04/04/87 C6.4 1,210 19 C6.7 4,370 125.7 20 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ FloodofJanuar age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

40 01350140 MINE KILL NR NORTH BLENHEIM 16.2 1974- 07/16/95 C4.57 1,700 19 C5.2 k2,550 157.4 100 ^

47 * 01359139 HUDSON RIVER AT ALBANY 8,288 1972-76,1981- 03/28/13 a21.45 d'h'P240,000 20 a !5.49 ______03/30/93 a !0.14 -

48 * 01359528 AT ALBANY 168 1980-83,1992- 03/22/80 13.41 11,600 19 C 11.6 8,460 50.4 8

49 01360640 VALATIE KILL NR NASSAU 9.48 1990- 03/30/93 4.81 482 19 5.85 738 77.8 -

50 01361000 KINDERHOOK CR AT ROSSMAN 329 1906-14,1929- 12/31/48 C 19.8 29,800 19 10.69 12,200 37.1 10 68,1988-

51 01361500 CATSKILL CR AT OAK HILL 98.0 1929-77,1987- 04/04/87 C 16.6 15,400 19 15.35 13,400 136.7 50

52 01361900 SHINGLE KILL AT CAIRO 13.9 1965-87 03/21/80 10.80 3,600 19 c,d99 d3,000 215.8 20 53 01362100 NR HILLSDALE 27.5 1958- 06/30/73 9.78 3,280 19 6.55 1,640 59.6 9

54 01362197 BUSHNELLSVILLE CR AT SHANDAKEN 11.4 1972-87,1994- 10/15/55 C 12.40 kl,830 19 10.64 996 87.4 10 55 01362200 ESOPUS CR AT ALLABEN 63.7 1963- 04/04/87 C'8l3.70 16,100 19 13.58 15,000 235.5 35

56 01362500 ESOPUS CR AT COLDBROOK 192 1914- 03/21/80 21.94 65,300 19 20.33 53,600 279.2 30 57 * 01363400 ASHOKAN RESERVOIR AT ASHOKAN 256 1913- 03/31/51 a'b592.23 - 24 a'b580.01 - ~ -

58 * 01364500 ESOPUS CR AT MOUNT MARION 419 1907-18,1970- 04/26/10 ^25.10 h28,000 20 C21.72 11,600 27.7 5 04/05/87 24.78 22,500

59 01365000 RONDOUT CR NR LOWES CORNERS 38.3 1937- 07/22/38 88.20 7,600 19 8.61 4,950 129.2 6 04/04/87 C 10.6 6,610

60 * 01366400 RONDOUT RESERVOIR AT LACKAWACK 95.4 1951- 04/05/87 a'b841.49 _ 22 a'b830.48 _ _ _ Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height HI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

61 * 01367500 RONDOUT CR AT ROSENDALE 383 1901-03,1905- 10/16/55 C36.8 35,800 20 18.95 15,000 39.2 4 19,1926- 62 01 368500 RUTGERS CR AT GARDNERVILLE 59.7 1944-68,1987- 08/19/55 C 12.38 8,490 19 6.35 1,850 31.0 3 90,1994-

63 0 1 37 1 500 AT GARDINER 695 1924- 10/16/55 19.81 30,800 20 f!6.36 d !4,000 20.1 4

64 01 372500 CR NR FALLS 181 1928- 08/19/55 C 19.60 18,600 20 10.33 5,600 30.9 6 65 0 1 372800 FISHKILL CR AT HOPEWELL JUNCTION 57.3 1958-75,1987- 12/21/73 9.19 2,770 19 f!1.71 1,780 31.1 5 04/05/87 C9.62 2,710

66 01 374250 PEEKSKILL HOLLOW CR AT TOMPKINS 14.9 1975- 08/07/90 4.77 1,120 19 4.11 733 49.2 6 CORNERS 67 * 01 374505 E BR AT BREWSTER 81.2 1994- 03/30/94 5.57 998 19 4.31 342 4.2 -

68 * 0 1 37453 1 E BR CROTON RIVER NR CROTON FALLS 86.4 1994- 01/20/95 4.25 781 19 4.56 1,140 13.2 - 69 * 0137462010 W BR CROTON RIVER NR CARMEL 42.9 1994- 04/04/95 2.45 146 20 1.45 37 0.9 -

70 * 01374701 W BR CROTON RIVER NR CROTON FALLS 80.4 1994- 03/29/94 3.19 753 19 2.98 630 7.8 -

71 * 0 1 37482 1 AT PURDYS STATION 23.8 1994- 01/16/95 3.83 349 20 4.41 364 15.3 - 72 * 0 1 37494 1 BELOW DAM AT 19.7 1994- 03/29/94 9.87 201 19 8.78 23 1.2 _ AMAWALK 73 * 0 1 375000 CROTON RIVER AT NEW CROTON DAM NR 378 1933- 10/16/55 c 18.44 45,400 20 6.88 4,770 12.6 3 CROTON-ON-HUDSON HACKENSACK RIVER BASIN

74 * 01 376800 HACKENSACK RIVER AT WEST NYACK 30.7 1958- 02/03/73 C9.38 1,550 20 6.28 423 13.8 <2 05/30/84 10.52 1,440

75 * 0 1 377000 HACKENSACK RIVER AT RIVERDALE NJ 58.0 1941- 05/17/89 8.08 2,530 19 2.04 96 1.7 <2 PASSAIC RIVER BASIN

76 * 0 1 387400 R AMAPO RIVER AT R AM APO 86.9 1979- 04/05/84 13.82 10,700 20 8.34 4,120 47.4 6

77 01387410 TORNE BKATRAMAPO 2.60 1960- 11/08/77 11.02 1,520 19 f7.48 d670 257.7 8

78 * 01387420 RAMAPO RIVER AT SUFFERN 93.0 1979- 04/05/84 15.38 12,300 20 10.99 4,970 53.4 8 79 01 387450 M AHWAH RIVER NR SUFFERN 12.3 1959-95 11/08/77 9.91 1,840 19 6.87 1,120 91.1 8 DELAWARE RIVER BASIN

80 01413290 DRY BK SOUTHEAST OF ARKVILLE 28.7 misc. 19 k4,840 168.6 80 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **Ftl January19-20,Floodof1) map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

81 01413400 BUSH KILL AT ARKVILLE 47.0 misc. 1 1/25/50 k7,370 19 k7,600 161.7 >100 82 01413500 E BR DELAWARE RIVER AT 163 1937- 11/25/50 13.84 m20,600 19 14.88 k25,800 158.3 >100 MARGARETVILLE

83 0141385004 E BR DELAWARE RIVER BELOW 173 misc. 19 k27,100 156.6 >100 vu MARGARETVILLE ?5' 84 01414000 PLATTE KILL AT DUNRAVEN 35.0 1942-62 1 1/25/50 8.01 3,810 19 C 11.2 k5,690 162.6 >100 i 85 01414500 MILL BK NR DUNRAVEN 25.2 1937- 09/21/38 c'§7.60 4,500 19 12.56 k5,380 213.5 >100 3= 11/15/50 9.92 3,820 1 86 01414900 TREMPER KILL SOUTH OF ANDES 30.0 misc. - - - 19 - k4,590 153.0 >100 1 87 01415000 TREMPER KILL NR ANDES 33.2 1937- 09/21/38 7.12 4,250 19 C7.69 k5,000 150.6 >100 01/26/76 f7.92

88 * 01416900 PEPACTON RESERVOIR NR DOWNSVILLE 372 1954- 04/05/60 a'b l, 282.27 - 24 a-b l 262.76 - - -

89 * 01417000 E BR DELAWARE RIVER AT DOWNSVILLE 372 1941- 1 1/26/50 §14.52 h23,900 19 4.95 2,580 6.9 3 05/30/84 8.91 9,820

90 * 01417500 E BR DELAWARE RIVER AT HARVARD 458 1934-67,1977- 09/22/38 §16.93 h3 1,400 19 12.63 12,200 26.6 40 05/30/84 11.78 11,100

91 01418500 BEAVER KILL AT CRAIGIE CLAIR 81.9 1938-74 09/27/42 10.74 10,300 19 C 11.83 13,000 158.7 70 92 01419500 WILLOWEMOC CR NR LIVINGSTON MANOR 62.6 1938-74 07/28/69 11.03 15,700 19 C7.2 6,420 102.6 10

93 01420500 BEAVER KILL AT COOKS FALLS 241 1913- 03/31/51 16.02 31,600 19 C 17.79 42,900 178.0 >100 94 * 01421000 E BR DELAWARE RIVER AT FISHS EDDY 784 1912- 10/09/03 c<§23.6 d'h70,000 19 C 16.88 53,000 67.6 >100 12/21/57 §17.32 36,600

95 01422000 W BR DELAWARE RIVER AT DELHI 142 1937-74 09/21/38 8.81 8,940 19 Cd9.8 d 13, 000 91.5 >100 96 01422500 LITTLE DELAWARE RIVER NR DELHI 49.7 1938-74 09/21/38 C8.50 3,280 19 C8.51 d6,100 122.7 >100 08/13/53 7.78 4,530

97 01423000 W BR DELAWARE RIVER AT WALTON 332 1950- 03/15/86 C 14.84 19,500 19 16.36 k25,000 75.3 70

98 01423010 W BR DELAWARE RIVER AT BEERSTON 352 misc. - -- - 19 - k26,200 74.4 70 99 01424000 TROUT CR NR ROCKROYAL 20.0 1953-67 1 1/28/59 7.57 1,920 19 c 10.06 d2,800 140.0 50

100 * 01424997 CANNONSVILLE RESERVOIR AT 454 1963- 03/16/86 a'b 1,1 56.73 - 24 a'b 11 49.00 -- CANNONSVILLE 101 * 01425000 WBR DELAWARE RIVER AT STILESVILLE 456 1952- 03/16/86 13.07 17,800 19 6.64 112 0.2 <2 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) P3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

102 * 01 426500 W BR DELAWARE RIVER AT HALE EDDY 595 1912- 10/10/03 C20.30 d'h46,000 19 11.51 13,200 22.2 10 03/15/86 13.63 18,700

103 01 427500 CALLICOON CR AT CALLICOON 110 1941- 08/17/47 9.68 16,000 19 8.42 11,200 101.8 45 104 * 01427510 DELAWARE RIVER AT CALLICOON 1,820 1975- 01/09/79 f !4.83 19 16.31 95,600 52.5 80 03/15/86 13.42 68,000 105 * 0 1 428500 DELAWARE RIVER AB V LACKAWAXEN 2,020 1940- 08/19/55 C26.40 130,000 20 22.18 98,300 48.7 70 RIVER NR BARRYVILLE 106 * 0 1 434000 DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS 3,070 1904- 08/19/55 C23.91 233,000 20 18.37 134,000 43.6 80 02/12/81 Cf26.6

107 0143400680 E BR NEVERSINK RIVER NORTHEAST OF 8.93 1990- 11/28/93 5.88 1,830 19 6.21 2,030 227.3 -- DENNING 108 01434010 E BR NEVERSINK RIVER AT DENNING 13.3 1984- 04/04/87 C6.39 4,460 19 4.87 2,680 201.5 4 109 0 1 4340 17 E BR NEVERSINK RIVER NR CLARY VILLE 22.9 1991- 11/28/93 10.47 2,510 19 11.25 3,240 141.5 - 110 01434021 W BR NEVERSINK RIVER AT WINNISOOK 0.77 1991- 03/29/93 f2.74 19 2.54 130 168.8 - LAKE NR FROST VALLEY 11/28/93 2.39 121

111 01434025 BISCUIT BK ABOVE PIGEON BK AT FROST 3.72 1983- 04/04/87 4.37 815 19 f3.78 d400 107.5 3 VALLEY 112 01434105 HIGH FALLS BK AT FROST VALLEY 2.74 1990-95 11/10/90 2.01 108 19 2.77 315 115.0 - 01/01/95 f2.30 113 0 1 434498 W BR NEVERSINK RIVER AT CLARYVILLE 33.8 1991- 11/28/93 10.00 3,970 19 11.83 8,020 237.3 - 114 0 1 435000 NEVERSINK RIVER NR CLARYVILLE 66.6 1951- 11/25/50 C'd 15.0 23,400 19 13.10 12,700 190.7 10 04/04/87 13.26 19,300 115 * 01435900 NEVERSINK RESERVOIR NR NEVERSINK 92.5 1953- 04/17/93 a'b 1,44 1.68 - 24 a'bl 417.25 - - ~ 116 * 01436000 NEVERSINK RIVER AT NEVERSINK 92.6 1941- 11/25/50 811.23 h22,300 19 3.05 30 0.3 <2 06/23/72 8.20 6,130 117 * 01 436690 NEVERSINK RIVER AT BRIDGE VILLE 171 1993- 04/17/93 11.70 5,400 19 11.72 5,420 31.7 - 118 * 0 1 437500 NEVERSINK RIVER AT GODEFFROY . 307 1937- 08/19/55 12.49 33,000 19 8.86 8,220 26.8 5 119 * 01438500 DELAWARE RIVER AT MONTAGUE NJ 3,480 1936- 08/19/55 35.15 250,000 20 26.66 149,000 42.8 70 Table5 1 20 01 440000 FLAT BK NR FL ATBROOKVILLE N J 64.0 1923- 08/19/55 C 12.58 9,560 20 6.58 2,370 37.0 5

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN en 121 0 1 497 805 LITTLE ELK CR NR WESTFORD 3.73 1978- 10/17/77 18.54 202 19 19.92 278 74.5 10 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1 996 Drain­ Floodof. age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height - **R, map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs) 0> 3 § 122 * 01498620 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER SOUTHWEST OF 678 1988-90 02/17/90 8.58 8,270 20 f 13.27 d!5,000 22.1 ._ 2 ONEONTA 123 * 01500000 OULEOUT CR AT EAST SIDNEY 103 1940- 07/09/35 d'h'J 16,700 23 4.90 2,080 20.2 4 I 04/07/60 6.19 4,000 to 8 124 * 01500500 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT UNADILLA 982 1938- 03/18/36 C 16.6 "31,300 19 f!4.24 d !7,100 17.4 5 5' 03/14/77 14.64 23,500

1 125 01502500 UNADILLA RIVER AT ROCKDALE 520 1929-33,1937- 12/31/42 12.98 17,400 19 f 12.24 d 13,900 26.7 10 o< 126 01502632 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT BAINBRIDGE 1,610 1988- 03/31/93 20.17 36,600 20 f21.04 d34,500 21.4 jr W 127 01502701 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT AFTON 1,716 1972,1977, 1979- 03/07/79 17.90 42,000 20 C'f17.11 d36,500 21.3 6 0) 90 01/25/87 - (D f!8.34 128 01502731 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT WINDSOR 1,820 1988- 04/01/93 19.45 37,200 20 f21.22 d40,000 22.0 -

129 01503000 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT CONKLIN 2,232 1912- 03/18/36 20.14 61,600 20 f!7.55 d46,600 20.9 10

130 01503980 CHENANGO RIVER AT EATON 24.3 1964-65,1967- 03/06/64 cS.12 J2,350 19 f8.51 d 1,600 65.8 20

131 01505000 CHENANGO RIVER AT SHERBURNE 263 1938- 03/18/36 r!0.60 d 12,500 19 f 10.47 d8,000 30.4 10 03/06/79 9.94 10,400

132 01507000 CHENANGO RIVER AT GREENE 593 1937- 12/31/42 18.33 18,900 20 15.89 14,700 24.8 10 133 01509000 TIOUGHNIOGA RIVER AT CORTLAND 292 1938- 03/05/64 12.49 13,000 20 13.02 11,800 40.4 20 134 01509520 TIOUGHNIOGA RIVER AT LISLE 453 1988- 04/10/93 9.31 12,100 20 f!0.50 d !2,900 28.5 -

135 01510000 OTSELIC RIVER AT CINCINNATUS 147 1938-64,1969- 12/30/42 10.67 8,390 19 f!0.89 d8,000 54.4 25 136 01510610 MERRILL CR TRIE NR TEXAS VALLEY 5.32 1976-81,1983- 11/11/90 4.65 1,120 19 f6.64 d l,150 216.2 50

137 * 01511500 TIOUGHNIOGA RIVER AT ITASKA 730 1930- 07/08/35 C 16.61 h61,100 19 10.77 20,800 28.5 40 02/26/61 11.15 22,600

138 * 01512500 CHENANGO RIVER NR CHENANGO FORKS 1,483 1912- 07/08/35 C'S20.30 h96,000 20 12.48 33,700 22.8 15 12/30/42 14.00 41,000

139 01513500 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT VESTAL 3,941 1936-72,1974- 03/ /36 C'd30.50 107,000 20 27.86 89,100 22.6 25 03/22/48 27.73 92,400

140 01513831 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER AT OWEGO 4,216 1988- 04/11/93 31.97 76,300 20 32.97 81,400 19.3 -

141 01514000 OWEGO CR NR OWEGO 185 1930- 07/08/35 C'S11.50 23,500 20 f!1.66 dl 3,200 71.4 15

142 01514801 CATATONK CR NR OWEGO 151 1988- 10/24/90 12.41 5,560 20 14.83 9,740 64.5 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height "Rl map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

143 01515000 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER NR WAVERLY 4,773 1937- 037 /36 C'd21.40 128,000 20 20.35 102,000 21.4 10 06/23/72 21.24 121,000 144 * 01520500 TIOGA RIVER AT LINDLEY 771 1930- 06/23/72 C26.27 h 128,000 19 12.63 13,400 17.4 7 03/05/79 f!4.05 d 16,000 145 * 01521500 CANISTEO RIVER AT ARKPORT 30.6 1937- 07/08/35 h4,820 19 3.69 1,170 38.2 20 02/11/66 4.17 1,740 146 * 01523500 CANACADEA CR NR HORNELL 57.9 1940-42,1944- 07/08/35 C 16.61 h2 1,000 22 3.48 1,800 31.1 3 06/23/72 6.14 5,880 147 * 01524500 CANISTEO RIVER BELOW CANACADEA CR 158 1942- 06/23/72 C 13.45 9,560 19 f6.90 d2,700 17.1 2 AT HORNELL 148 * 01525500 CANISTEO RIVER AT WEST CAMERON 340 1930-31,1937- 06/23/72 23.48 43,000 19 20.91 29,100 85.6 70 149 01525981 TUSCARORA CR ABV SOUTH ADDISON 102 1989- 10/23/91 10.96 11,800 19 c'f 13.49 d8,700 85.3 ~ 150 * 01526500 TIOGA RIVER NR ERWINS 1,377 1918- 06/23/72 C26.74 h 190,000 19 16.88 45,600 33.0 70 03/05/79 13.77 30,200 150A 01527000 COHOCTON RIVER AT COHOCTON 52.2 1951- 06/23/72 9.82 2,260 19 6.39 754 14.4 10 151 01528320 COHOCTON RIVER AT BATH 340 1988- 04/01/93 10.18 7,000 19 13.67 14,200 41.8 - 152 01529500 COHOCTON RIVER NR CAMPBELL 470 1918- 07/08/35 C11.60 41,100 19 cll.l 18,300 38.9 20 153 * 01529950 CHEMUNG RIVER AT CORNING 2,006 1974- 06/23/72 C40.71 d'h228,000 19 - d6 1,000 30.4 45 03/05/79 24.96 46,000 154 01530301 CUTHRIE RUN NR BIG FLATS 5.39 1979-81,1983- 06/19/76 18.52 800 19 16.92 580 107.6 8 155 * 01530332 CHEMUNG RIVER AT ELMIRA 2,162 1988- 03/25/94 14.06 41,600 19 C 18.51 d7 1,000 32.9 - 156 * 01530500 NEWTOWN CR AT ELMIRA 77.5 1938- 06/23/72 C'119.28 d'h4,000 19 16.98 3,810 49.2 25 10/24/90 15.41 3,050 157 * 01531000 CHEMUNG RIVER AT CHEMUNG 2,506 1903- 06/23/72 C31.62 h 189,000 20 19.71 77,800 31.0 35 03/06/79 18.24 61,500 ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN 158 03010734 ISCHUA CR TRIE NR MACHIAS 5.12 1978-81,1983- 09/14/79 10.59 570 19 10.33 260 50.8 2 z 159 03011020 ALLEGHENY RIVER AT SALAMANCA 1,608 1903- 06/23/72 C24.01 73,000 19 16.41 39,600 24.6 15 «» 160 * 03013946 CHAUTAUQUA LAKE AT BEMUS POINT 189 1972- 03/05/76 al ,3 11.23 20 al,308.52 161 * 03014500 CHADAKOIN RIVER AT FALCONER 194 1934- 09/14/79 4.93 2,250 24 2.52 900 4.6 <2 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 n Drain­ age Discharge § **RI Q. No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height a map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs) 0)

0) LAKE ERIE BASIN 162 0421 3376 CANADAWAY CR AT FREDONIA 32.9 1987- 08/07/79 d'k 12,000 19 5.90 3,020 91.8 4 01/29/94 f5.60 OE ,1996in 163 042 1 3490 S BR C ATTARAUGUS CR NR OTTO 25.1 1963- 09/14/79 11.18 4,350 19 f9.23 d3,400 135.4 20

164 042 1 3500 C ATTARAUGUS CR AT GOWANDA 436 1939- 03/07/56 14.03 34,600 19 f!3.02 d27,500 63.1 20

165 0421 4500 BUFFALO CR AT GARDEN VILLE 142 1938- 06/ /37 d'n 16,000 19 8.10 8,410 59.2 6 NewYorkStal 03/01/55 9.43 11,300

166 042 1 5000 C AYUGA CR NR LANCASTER 96.4 1938-68,1971- 06/ /37 d'n 18,000 19 9.40 7,450 77.3 6 09/14/79 10.48 9,440 (0 167 042 1 5500 CAZENOVIA CR AT EBENEZER 135 1940- 03/01/55 15.82 13,500 19 12.28 10,200 75.6 8 168 * 042 1 5900 LAKE ERIE AT BUFFALO # 1860- 12/02/85 b'u581.34 - 19 b'u572.70 - - -

NIAGARA RIVER BASIN

169 * 042 1 6000 NIAGARA RIVER AT BUFFALO # 1860- 12/02/85 - b347,000 19 - b240,000 0.9 - 170 042 1 64 1 8 TONAWANDA CR AT ATTICA 76.9 1977- 06/23/72 c'd'v 12.00 d6,000 19 7.86 3,150 41.0 4 12/29/84 9.25 4,700

171 042 1 6500 LITTLE TONAWANDA CR AT LINDEN 22.1 1912-72,1977- 06/23/89 C 16.99 2,900 19 12.00 1,880 85.1 10 92,1995-

172 042 1 7000 TONAWANDA CR AT B ATAVIA 171 1944- 03/ /42 d'w 14.50 d 10,000 20 10.33 4,310 25.2 3 03/31/60 12.70 7,200

173 0421 7750 MURDER CR NR AKRON 58.8 1982- 02/25/85 7.16 3,000 21 5.80 1,610 27.4 6 174 042 1 8000 TONAWANDA CR AT RAPIDS 349 1955-65,1979- 04/01/60 16.96 X6,280 22 13.86 5,080 14.6 5 175 * 0421 85 1 8 ELLICOTT CR BELOW WILLIAMSVILLE 81.6 1972- 02/25/85 11.19 3,640 19 9.04 2,550 31.2 4

LAKE ONTARIO BASIN

176 042 1 9900 JOHNSON CR NR LYNDON VILLE 87.7 1962-70,1972- 02/17/54 5,430 20 6.64 1,700 19.4 3 73,1976 03/12/62 10.29 3,540

177 0422026250 NORTHRUP CR AT NORTH GREECE 11.7 1989- 05/17/74 758 19 3.66 432 36.9 04/22/91 3.89 573

LAKE ONTARIO BASIN GENESEE RIVER BASIN

178 04221000 GENESEE RIVER AT WELLS VILLE 288 1955-58,1972- 06/23/72 C20.70 38,500 19 16.13 22,700 78.8 50 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height "HI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

179 * 04223000 GENESEE RIVER AT PORTAGEVILLE 984 1908- 06/23/72 C'g35.25 d90,000 20 29.12 56,200 57.1 50 180 * 04224000 MOUNT MORRIS LAKE NR MOUNT 1,080 1952- 06/25/72 a755.46 .. 23 a703.70 .. .. __ MORRIS 181 04224775 CANASERAGA CR ABOVE DANSVILLE 88.9 1974- 06/20/89 5.70 4,050 19 8.50 7,340 82.6 50 182 04224807 STONY BK TRIE AT SOUTH DANSVILLE 3.15 1977-82,1984- 08/03/81 15.89 790 19 11.31 296 94.0 4 91,1993- 183 04227000 CANASERAGA CR AT SHAKERS 335 1958-70,1974- 05/17/16 123.62 19 13.01 5,510 16.4 15 CROSSING 06/23/72 - d'nl 1,200

184 * 04227500 GENESEE RIVER NR MOUNT MORRIS 1,424 1903-06,1908- 05/17/16 25.44 h55,100 19 12.50 7,390 5.2 <2 06/24/72 24.50 17,800 185 * 04227980 CONESUS LAKE NR LAKEVILLE 69.8 1963- 06/24/72 a822.50 - 20 a818.64 - - - 186 * 04228500 GENESEE RIVER AT AVON 1,673 1955- 06/25/72 40.67 16,500 19 34.24 11,200 6.7 5 187 04229500 HONEOYE CR AT HONEOYE FALLS 196 1945-70,1972- 06/23/72 d6.30 d6,600 20 4.62 2,820 14.4 5 188 04230380 OATKA CR AT WARSAW 39.1 1963- 06/23/72 9.75 4,010 19 9.39 3,770 96.4 - 189 04230500 OATKA CR AT GARBUTT 200 1945- 03/31/60 8.64 7,050 20 6.79 3,340 16.7 4 190 0423 1 000 BLACK CR AT CHURCHVILLE 130 1945- 03/31/60 9.44 4,880 20 6.72 1,620 12.5 2 191 * 04232000 GENESEE RIVER AT ROCHESTER 2,467 1904- 3/18/1865 d'h54,000 21 14.00 16,400 6.6 <2 06/25/72 15.89 29,600 LAKE ONTARIO BASIN 192 04232034 IRONDEQUOIT CR AT RAILROAD MILLS NR 39.2 1991- 04/02/93 9.36 588 19 8.98 532 13.6 FISHERS 193 0423204920 E BR ALLEN CR AT PITTSFORD 6.96 1990- 08/27/92 7.18 319 19 5.53 210 30.2 - 194 04232050 ALLEN CR NR ROCHESTER 30.1 1959- 05/17/74 7.42 3,280 19 4.60 725 24.1 <2 195 0423205010 IRONDEQUOIT CR ABOVE BLOSSOM RD NR 142 1980- 04/02/93 9.12 1,710 19 9.02 1,590 11.2 5 ROCHESTER LAKE ONTARIO BASIN OSWEGO RIVER BASIN o- 196 04232200 CATHARINE CR AT MONTOUR FALLS 41.1 1976-77,1987- 09/26/75 6.40 1,680 19 7.66 d3,030 73.7 15 (D 01 197 * 04232400 SENECA LAKE AT WATKINS GLEN 704 1956- 04/26/93 a448.95 - 23 a445.53 -- -- - 198 * 04232450 KEUKA LAKE AT HAMMONDSPORT 182 1960- 06/24/72 a7 19.35 .. 21 a714.00 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1 996 Drain­ JanuaryofFlood age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

199 04232460 SUGAR CR AT GUYANOGA 28.9 1966- 07/31/92 4.97 1,270 19 f5.88 dl,800 62.3 40 Jo 200 * 04232482 KEUKA LAKE OUTLET AT DRESDEN 207 1965- 06/22/72 8.37 4,000 19 7.14 2,520 12.2 8 N3 O 201 04233000 CAYUGA INLET NR ITHACA 35.2 1937- 06/23/72 8.10 4,800 19 7.57 4,210 119.6 35 i 202 04233255 CAYUGA INLET AT ITHACA 86.7 1971-72,1975- 06/23/72 14.60 11,800 19 14.67 12,500 144.2 45 5'9> 203 04233258 COY GLEN CR AT ITHACA 3.56 1983- 10/23/90 20.87 530 19 22.25 824 231.5 25 i 204 * 04233500 CAYUGA LAKE AT ITHACA 785 1956- 04/26/93 a386.46 - 23 a381.96 - - - S- 205 04234000 FALL CR NR ITHACA 126 1925- 07/08/35 9.52 d!5,500 19 7.47 9,450 75.0 60 V 206 04234138 SCHAEFFER CR NR CANANDAIGUA 7.84 1977- 03/05/79 d520 19 11.55 230 29.3 <2 ff 03/30/93 12.84 332 207 04234200 MUD CR AT EAST VICTOR 64.2 1958-68,1976- 04/21/91 7.22 1,880 19 7.09 1,810 28.2 10 208 * 04234500 CANANDAIGUA LAKE AT CANANDAIGUA 184 1939- 06/24/72 a692.11 - 21 a688.53 - - - 209 * 04235000 CANANDAIGUA OUTLET AT CHAPIN 195 1939- 06/24/72 S11.08 1,710 24 5.17 564 2.9 <2 210 04235255 CANANDAIGUA OUTLET TRIE NR 2.94 1978- 01/20/86 7.22 97 19 7.34 102 34.7 10 ALLOWAY 211 * 04235396 OWASCO LAKE NR AUBURN 205 1912- 03/23/36 a716.91 - 21 a7 13.24 - - - 212 * 04235500 OWASCO OUTLET NR AUBURN 206 1912- 06/23/72 6.28 3,250 20 4.17 1,850 9.0 6 213 * 04237500 SENECA RIVER AT BALDWINSVILLE 3,138 1949- 03/25/36 20 5.78 b9,190 2.9 <2 04/27/93 :; b!8,100 214 * 04238500 ONONDAGA RESERVOIR NR NEDROW 67.7 1952- 04/01/60 a485.90 - 20 a481.83 - - - 215 * 04239000 ONONDAGA CR AT DORWIN AVE 88.5 1951- 07/03/74 6.48 3,260 19 5.59 2,170 24.5 8 SYRACUSE 216 * 04240010 ONONDAGA CR AT SPENCER ST 110 1970- 07/03/74 8.73 4,050 19 7.68 2,400 21.8 4 SYRACUSE 217 * 04240100 HARBOR BK AT SYRACUSE 10.0 1959- 07/03/74 §8.34 726 19 5.63 270 27.0 3 218 * 04240105 HARBOR BK AT HIAWATHA BLVD 11.3 1970- 07/03/74 7.91 824 19 6.17 475 42.0 2 SYRACUSE 219 04240120 LEY CR AT PARK STREET SYRACUSE 29.9 1972- 09/26/75 6.25 1,310 19 4.42 780 26.1 3 04/26/93 17.02 - 220 * 04240180 NINEMILE CR NR MARIETTA 45.1 1964- 06/23/72 8.65 1,030 19 5.42 353 7.8 3 221 * 04240200 NINEMILE CR AT CAMILLUS 84.3 1958-82,1988- 03/30/60 8.25 2,760 19 8.92 2,530 30.0 15 Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1 996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

222 * 04240495 ONONDAGA LAKE AT LIVERPOOL 285 1970- 04/26/93 a369.78 .. 20 a365.98 .. .. 223 04243500 ONEIDA CR AT ONEIDA 113 1949- 10/09/76 15.01 9,110 19 14.51 8,110 71.8 20 224 04245200 BUTTERNUT CR NR JAMESVILLE 32.2 1958- 07/03/74 7.84 2,820 19 f8.99 d l,850 57.5 15 10/28/81 8.46 1,880 225 04245236 MEADOW BK AT HURLBURT RD 2.90 1970- 07/03/74 6.51 418 19 2.99 101 34.8 <2 SYRACUSE 226 04245840 SCRIBA CR NR CONSTANTIA 38.4 1966- 09/26/75 7.33 1,310 19 5.86 760 19.8 2

227 * 04246000 ONEIDA LAKE AT BREWERTON 1,382 1951- 04/24/93 a373.14 - 22 a369.02 - - - 228 * 04246500 ONEIDA RIVER AT CAUGHDENOY 1382 1902-12,1947- 03/25/03 -- b 13, 800 29 8.8 b5,660 4.1 <2

229 * 04249000 OSWEGO RIVER AT LOCK 7 OSWEGO 5,100 1900-06,1933- 03/28/36 13.10 37,500 20 10.20 23,400 4.6 3 LAKE ONTARIO BASIN

230 04249050 CATFISH CR AT NEW HAVEN 31.7 1962-66,1968- 03/18/73 7.85 1,350 19 6.58 906 28.6 9

231 042490673 N BR GRINDSTONE CR NR ALTMAR 11.2 1976- 03/13/77 15.03 482 19 8.94 250 22.3 <2

232 04249200 N BR SALMON RIVER AT REDFIELD 82.5 1962-64,1987- 12/29/84 C 19.15 k 13, 600 19 15.37 3,390 41.1 <2 233 * 04250200 SALMON RIVER AT PINEVILLE 238 1992- 12/29/84 16.36 k24,800 20 8.40 2,870 12.1 - 234 04250750 SANDY CRNR ADAMS 128 1957- 02/25/85 11.05 7,690 19 C 11.06 7,700 60.2 20

LAKE ONTARIO BASIN BLACK RIVER BASIN

235 * 04252500 BLACK RIVER NR BOONVILLE 304 1911- 12/30/84 11.41 12,800 20 f 10.72 4,730 15.6 <2 02/21/81 f!3.10

236 * 04253300 SIXTH LAKE AT OLD FORGE 18.6 1911- 10/03/45 a'b l,787.1 - 20 a'b !783.30 -- - -- 237 * 04253400 FIRST LAKE AT OLD FORGE 53.6 1911- 06/17/72 a'b l,707.9 - 24 a-b 1704.04 - - -

238 * 04254500 AT MCKEEVER 363 1901-70,1987- 06/03/47 C 17.45 J 18,700 20 f!4.57 8,500 23.4 4 239 04256000 INDEPENDENCE RIVER AT 88.7 1942- 12/30/84 13.34 9,420 20 f7.86 d2,100 23.7 3 DONNATTSBURG g! 240 0425 6040 TRIE TO MILL CR TRIE NR LOWVILLE 1.66 1976-86,1993- 03/05/79 13.41 312 19 12.14 228 137.3 4

2, 241 * 04256500 STILLWATER RESERVOIR NR BEAVER RIVER 171 1908- 05/20/69 a'b 1,680.08 24 a-b 167 1.22 242 * 04258000 BEAVER RIVER AT CROGHAN 291 1930- 05/21/69 6.98 5,100 20 5.05 2,460 8.5 4 o> Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20,1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 n Drain­ o age Discharge a No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height HI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs) 0> 3 0> 243 0425 8700 DEER RIVER AT DEER RIVER 94.8 1957- 03/06/79 fll.!0 19 8.23 11,500 121.3 25 "5 12/29/84 C 10.63 17,200 to rb 244 * 04260500 BLACK RIVER AT WATERTOWN 1,864 1920- 04/12/93 14.2 42,600 22 9.30 21,700 11.7 2 p to_L ST. LAWRENCE RIVER MAIN STEM 5' 245 * 04260990 CRANBERRY LAKE AT CRANBERRY LAKE 140 1923- 05/13/71 a'b l,488.25 -- 24 a'b !485.85 -- - -- Z 246 * 04262000 OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NR OSWEGATCHIE 259 1924-68,1987- 04/12/47 6.98 4,090 19 6.26 3,100 12.0 5 1 247 04262500 W BR OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NR 244 1916- 04/11/93 9.52 7,090 20 8.87 6,230 25.5 20 3- HARRISVILLE (0 248 * 04263000 OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NR HEUVELTON 965 1916- 04/06/60 10.36 19,600 23 7.34 10,700 11.1 4

250 * 04266500 RAQUETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD 721 1908- 04/27/93 12.04 8,630 24 8.31 3,290 4.6 <2

251 * 04267500 RAQUETTE RIVER AT SOUTH COLTON 937 1953- 05/11/71 9.80 9,720 24 6.17 3,620 3.9 <2 252 * 04268000 RAQUETTE RIVER AT RAYMOND VILLE 1,125 1943- 02/22/54 f9.24 .. 20 f8.49 d7,000 7.1 <2 04/05/74 8.40 13,000

253 04268200 PLUM BK NR GRANTVILLE 43.9 1959- 03/30/63 6.94 1,920 19 5.66 812 18.5 3 03/11/92 f7.86 --

254 04268800 W BR ST. REGIS RIVER NR PARISHVILLE 171 1958- 12/29/84 7.37 5,960 20 6.05 4,040 23.6 9 02/25/85 f7.51 --

255 04269000 ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER 612 1910-17,1919- 04/06/37 d'f!5.3 16,800 20 10.72 9,670 15.8 5 08/06/95 20.35 33 256 04269856 DUANE STREAM SOUTHEAST OF DUANE 1.80 1995- 08/06/95 20.35 33 19 19.25 22 12.2 <2 CENTER 257 * 04270000 SALMON RIVER AT CHASM FALLS 132 1925-82,1985- 12/29/84 C5.63 3,700 20 3.37 1,230 9.3 <2

258 04270200 LITTLE SALMON RIVER AT BOMBAY 92.2 1958-95 04/04/74 12.90 3,250 19 C9.21 1,770 19.2 2 259 04270700 AT TROUT RIVER 107 1960- 04/05/74 9.10 6,490 20 f8.87 d4,500 42.1 10 03/10/92 f!0.43 - ST. LAWRENCE RIVER MAIN STEM LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN

260 * 0427 1 500 GREAT CHAZY RIVER AT PERRY MILLS 247 1929-68,1986- 04/07/37 9.74 6,000 20 f9.24 d4,500 18.2 5 03/09/46 C'f11.50 --

261 * 0427 1 8 1 5 LITTLE CHAZY RIVER NR CHAZY 52.8 1990- 03/17/90 9.20 766 20 f 10.07 d850 16.1 _ Table 5. Peak stages and discharges for New York floods of January 19-20, 1996 (continued)

Previous maximum of record Flood of January 1996 Drain­ age Discharge No. on Station area Period of Gage height Discharge Gage height **RI map no. Station name (mi2) record Date (ft) (ft3/s) Day (ft) (ft3/s) [(ft3/s)/mi2] (yrs)

262 * 04273500 SARANAC RIVER AT PLATTSBURGH 608 1903-30,1943- 04/08/28 1 1 ,500 20 6.73 4,120 6.8 <2 12/30/84 10.08 10,100

263 04273700 SALMON RIVER AT SOUTH 61.9 1959-86,1990- 04/03/60 f7.31 .. 20 f5.70 895 14.5 3 PLATTSBURGH 03/27/92 5.66 e2,220 264 04273800 LITTLE AUSABLE RIVER NR VALCOUR 67.8 1991- 03/30/93 f5.48 .. 19 3.89 d 1,050 15.5 __ 04/23/93 4.37 1,160 265 04274000 W BR AUSABLE RIVER NR LAKE PLACID 116 1917,1920-68, 09/22/38 12.20 10,800 19 10.17 6,910 59.6 35 1983-

266 * 04275000 E BR AUSABLE RIVER AT AU SABLE FORKS 198 1924- 09/22/38 12.91 20,100 19 f 1 1 .93 d 14,000 70.7 35 02/23/90 f!3.96 -

267 * 04275500 AUSABLE RIVER NR AU SABLE FORKS 448 1910-68,1990- 09/22/38 11.65 24,200 20 f!1.02 d20,000 44.6 30 03/13/90 f'z !4.5 -

268 * 04276069 HIGHLANDS FORGE LAKE OUTLET NR 10.9 1990- 04/04/90 6.21 149 19 f6.29 d !20 11.0 W1LLSBORO 03/21/94 f7.77 -

269 * 04276500 BOUQUET RIVER AT W1LLSBORO 275 1923-68,1986- 10/01/24 10.85 11,800 20 f !0.88 d9,600 34.9 30 270 04276645 HOISINGTON BK AT WESTPORT 6.47 1990- 08/13/90 5.90 444 19 f6.47 d200 30.9 __ 03/11/92 f6.39 -

271 04276770 MILL BK AT PORT HENRY 27.0 1990- 04/17/93 4.22 1,240 19 4.97 1,290 47.8 - 272 04276842 PUTNAM CR EAST OF CROWN POINT 51.6 1990- 04/17/93 d7.5 d2,500 20 f7.32 1,830 35.5 __ CENTER

273 * 04278000 LAKE GEORGE AT ROGERS ROCK 233 1913- 04/09/36 a321.15 - 21 a 3 19.95 - - - 274 04278300 NORTHWEST BAY BK NR BOLTON 22.0 1965- 02/11/81 f7.14 1,770 19 f6.58 1,950 88.6 45 LANDING 275 04279040 MILL BR AT PUTNAM 10.3 1990- 10/24/90 4.67 454 19 5.19 681 66.1 - 276 04279125 MOUNT HOPE BK AT SOUTH BAY NR 11.6 1990- 04/17/93 6.95 731 19 7.48 880 75.9 __ WHITEHALL 277 * 04280000 BELOW FAIR HAVEN VT 187 1928- 07/20/45 C24.36 14,800 20 20.91 10,200 54.5 40 278 04280450 NR MIDDLE GRANV1LLE 167 1990- 05/31/84 _ aa5,380 20 10.69 d7,500 44.9 ._ s1 03/29/93 8.56 4,880 tr (0 279 * 04295000 LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT ROUSES POINT 8,277 1871- 5/04/1869 a'bb 102.1 .. 23 a,b97 _74 .. __ __ Ol 04/25/93 a!01.88 -