DOCSLIB.ORG

Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency Final Programme & Abstract Booklet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency Final Programme & Abstract Booklet Internationale Beleuchtungskommission Commission Internationale de l‘Eclairage International Commission on Illumination Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency September 19 - 21, 2012 Hangzhou, China Final Programme & Abstract Booklet http://hangzhou2012.cie.co.at/ Table of Contents Welcome Address 4 International Scientific Committee 6 International Organizing Committee 7 Local Organizing Committee 8 Conference Information 9 Programme Overview 17 Programme per Day 21 Posters 27 ABSTRACTS 33 - Keynote Speakers 35 - Oral Presentations 49 - Workshops 213 - Poster Presentations 229 Company Profiles 323 List of Authors 327 Map of Dragon Hotel 331 3 Welcome Address Welcome Address Dear Colleagues, The CIE, which celebrates its centenary in 2013, is the oldest and most respected International As President of the CIE, and as Conference President, we are proud to present CIE 2012 “Ligh- Lighting Organization with a broad remit covering all the various aspects of light and lighting. It is ting Quality & Energy Efficiency”, organized in cooperation with the CIES, the Chinese Illumina- totally committed to the development of energy efficient lighting technologies and standards but tion Engineering Society, as a unique forum for discovering the latest developments and results without sacrificing the safety and security of human well-being, the environment and the econo- from the lighting world. We invite you to join us in the effort to enhance lighting quality and reduce my. This objective can be achieved through the intelligent use of new technologies and a scientific energy consumption worldwide. understanding of the varied human needs for different types of lighting in different settings. We look forward to a colourful week in Hangzhou. • A more efficient use of daylight augmented with the use of more efficient lamps and the latest lighting technology now enable us to save energy without sacrificing quality of lighting. • Findings in medical science reveal that light plays important roles in maintaining optimum regulation of biological rhythms and hormones on a daily basis. While this knowledge can be used to positive effect, it also shows us that ill-conceived lighting can be detrimental to health and safety. • Both the photometric and electrical properties of energy efficient lamps need to be assessed and quality assured to ensure widespread acceptance by users. • Darkness has many benefits: electronic control systems enable us to adapt light levels and timing of artificial lighting to direct need, and thus minimize energy consumption. Dr Ann Webb Prof Wang Jinsui CIE President/Conference President CIES President/Conference President Good lighting brings safety, security and a better quality of life to all but needs to be supplied in a task-dependent manner, that is of a quantity and quality appropriate to the task, and with the minimal use of resources. CIE 2012 will therefore highlight topics in • Right Lighting and Energy Efficiency • Lighting Systems and Energy Saving • Measurements and Photometry • Light and the Visual Perception of Quality • Photobiological Effects 4 5 International Scientific Committee International Organizing Committee Yoshi Ohno (Chair, CIE Vice-President Technical) Ann Webb (Chair, CIE President) Jinsui Wang (Chair, CIES President) Peter Blattner (CIE Division 2 Director) Yiping Cui (CIE Vice-President) Yiping Cui (CIE Vice-President) Steve Fotios (CIE Division 5) Teresa Goodman (CIE Vice-President Publications) Dionyz Gasparovsky (CIE Division 5 Associate Director) Yoshi Ohno (CIE Vice-President Technical) Ron Gibbons (CIE Division 4 Associate Director) Jiangen Pan (Organizer, Everfine) Teresa Goodman (CIE Vice-President Publications) Martina Paul (CIE General Secretary) Yandan Lin (CIE Division 4 Associate Director) Shiping Liu (CIES General Secretary) Ronnier Luo (CIE Division 1 Director) Jan Morovic (CIE Division 8 Director) Tongsheng Mou (CIE Division 6 Associate Director) Edward Ng (CIE Division 3) John O’Hagan (CIE Division 6 Director) Jennifer Veitch (CIE Division 3 Director) Ad de Visser (CIE Division 4 Director) Peter Zwick (CIE Central Bureau, Technical Manager) Joanne Zwinkels (CIE Division 2 Associate Director) 6 7 Local Organizing Committee Advisor: Guanrong Ye (Zhejiang University) Chair: Huai Xu Co-Chairs: Shiping Liu (China Illuminating Engineering Society) Jiangen Pan (Everfine PHOTO-E-INFO CO.,LTD.) Martina Paul (CIE General Secretary) Members: Chaozhong Chen ( Shanghai Aipha Lighting Equipment Testing LTD. ) Zhegen Chen (Zhejiang Energy Research Institute) Yiping Cui ( Southeast Univerdity) Yong Guan (ZheJiang Yankon Group Co., Ltd.) Luoxi Hao (Tongji University) Shuming Hua (National Lighting Test Centre(Beijing)) Zhijun Li (Shanghai Yaming Lighting Co., Ltd.) Conference Rongqing Liang (Fudan University ) Yi Liang (Landsky Technology LTD.) Information Yandan Lin ( Fudan University) Yandong Lin (National Institute of Metrology) Jianping Liu (OSRAM) Tongsheng Mou (Hangzhou Zhejiang University, Sensing Instruments CO.,LTD.) Haolei Rong (Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning & Design Institute) Leo Trausnith (CIE Central Bureau, Office Manager) Jinsui Wang (China Illuminating Engineering Society) Lei Wang (Tsinghua University) Lixiong Wang (Tianjin University) Meng Wang (Beijing Institute of Architectural Design) Changjiang Wu (NVC Lighting Technology Corporation) Haisong Xu (Zhejiang University) Chunyu Yang (Chongqing University) Ming Ye (Philips (China) Investment Co., Ltd. ) Anqi Yu (National Lighting Test Centre(Shanghai)) Xin Zhang (Tsinghua University) Jianping Zhao (China Academy of Building Research) Xincai Zhong (Foshan Lighting) 8 9 Conference Information ORGANIZER CIE Central Bureau/Conference Secretariat Kegelgasse 27/3 1030 Vienna AUSTRIA Phone:+43 (0)1 7143187 0 Fax:+43 (0)1 7143187 18 Email: [email protected] www.cie.co.at China Illuminating Engineering Society (CIES) No. A3 Changpocun, Dabeiyao, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100022 Phone: +86 (0)10 65815905 Fax: +86 (0)10 65812194 Email: [email protected] www.lightingchina.com People’s Government of Hangzhou City CONFERENCE AGENCY EVERFINE CORPORATION #669 Binkang Road, Hangzhou, China Phone: +86 (0)571 86674830 Fax: +86 (0)571 86674280 Email: [email protected] CONFERENCE VENUE Dragon Hotel 120# Shuguang Road Xihu district Hangzhou,China REGISTRATION The registration area is located on the Ground Floor, in the Lobby Lounge, opposite to the main entrance of the hotel. Please make sure to provide identification documents for the registration procedure. Registration Opening Times Tuesday, Sept. 18, 2012 08:00 – 19:00 Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012 08:00 – 12:00 Payment Payments can be made either in CASH (CNY currency) or by CREDIT CARDS (Visa, Mastercard, Diners Club, American Express) 11 Conference Information Conference Information PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS Delegate /Student Registration Fees include: All Delegates find the Programme Leaflet including the accepted Abstracts in their Conference • Access to all scientific sessions Bags. • Access to poster exhibition • Access to industry exhibition PROCEEDINGS • Free copy of all conference documentation In your Conference Bag you will find a flash drive containing the Conference Proceedings. • Certificate of attendance • Free copy of conference abstract book NAME BADGES & GONFERENCE BAGS • Free CD-ROM copy of the conference proceedings (to be mailed after the conference) The Name Badge and Conference Bag distribution will be done at the Registration Area • Invitation to the Welcome Reception - Tuesday, September 18, 2012 (Ground Floor, in the Lobby Lounge). • Invitation to the Opening Ceremony - Wednesday, September 19, 2012 Participants are requested to wear their name badge at all times during the conference. Accompanying persons Registration Fee include: The colours of the name badges have the following significance: • Invitation to the Welcome Reception - Tuesday, September 18, 2012 Green: Delegate • Lunches during the conference period Red: Organization/Staff • Invitation to the Opening Ceremony - Wednesday, September 19, 2012 Transparent: Exhibitors Yellow: Accompanying Person WIRELESS INTERNET Blue: Faculty WLAN vouchers can be obtained all over the hotel, and this service is free of charge. Orange: Press TECHNICAL EXHIBITION The technical exhibition is set up in crystal palace at the Ground Floor of the conference venue. REGISTRATION FEES Technical Exhibition Opening Hours Early Late Registration Fees On-site Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012 08:30 - 17:30 until June 30, 2012 until September 5, 2012 Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012 08:30 - 17:30 Delegate RMB￥3900 RMB￥4200 RMB￥4400 Friday, Sept. 21, 2012 08:30 - 14:00 Students* RMB￥1950 RMB￥2100 RMB￥2200 COFFEE BREAKS AND LUNCHES Accompanying Coffee, tea and water as well as snacks, are served during the morning and the afternoon cof- RMB￥1000 RMB￥1000 RMB￥1000 Person fee breaks from Wednesday until Friday free of charge to all registered CIE 2012 participants. Lunches are served for registered CIE 2012 delegates from 12:20 until 13:30 from Wednesday Gala Dinner RMB￥600 RMB￥600 RMB￥600 until Friday. The major catering area is located in the area of D’cafe in Dragon. Please remem- * Applicants must forward a proof of student status (in English) to the registration office before ber to take your lunch tickets. the conference (Fax: +86 -57 1-86696433, E-Mail: [email protected] CONFERENCE LANGUAGE The official language of CIE 2012 is English. Simultaneous interpretation from English to Chine- se is available in plenary sessions and one of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Massimo Olivucci Director of the Laboratory for Computational Photochemistry and Photobiology
    Massimo Olivucci Director of the Laboratory for Computational Photochemistry and Photobiology September 12, 2012 Center for Photochemical Sciences & Department of Chemistry Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH The Last Frontier of Sensitivity The research group working at the Laboratory for Computational Photochemistry and Photobiology (LCPP) at the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University (Ohio) has been investigating the so- called Purkinje effect: the blue-shift in the perceived color under the decreasing levels of illumination that are experienced at dusk. Their results have appeared in the September 7 issue of Science Magazine. By constructing sophisticated computer models of rod rhodopsin, the dim-light visual “sensor” of vertebrates, the group has provided a first-principle explanation for this effect in atomic detail. The effect can now be understood as a result of quantum mechanical effects that may some day be used to design the ultimate sub-nanoscale light detector. The retina of vertebrate eyes, including humans, is the most powerful light detector that we know. In the human eye, light coming through the lens is projected onto the retina where it forms an image on a mosaic of photoreceptor cells that transmits information on the surrounding environment to the brain visual cortex, both during daytime and nighttime. Night (dim-light) vision represents the last frontier of light detection. In extremely poor illumination conditions, such as those of a star-studded night or of ocean depths, the retina is able to perceive intensities corresponding to only a few photons, the indivisible units of light. Such high sensitivity is due to specialized sensors called rod rhodopsins that appeared more than 250 million years ago on the retinas of vertebrate animals.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Corner Minutes CALL for ENTRY Upcoming Events Board
    Happy New Year everyone!! I trust everyone made it through President's the holidays and is looking Corner forward to another exciting year of activities with GEAG. As I’m writing this, I am recovering from my family’s visit and have taken a few, many, Minutes naps. I haven’t done much painting but I did manage to do some beautiful art work with my talented 3 yr. old granddaughter. We paint and CALL FOR stamp and do any messy thing we can find! It is a ENTRY very freeing experience, watching a child create. I was told no markers by her Mother and I kept to that promise, but we made up for it with Upcoming watercolors. Did you know that if you combine Events red, blue, purple, yellow, green and any other color Grandma puts on the pallet, you can make the most beautiful blacks. That seems to be the Board thing to do. I’ve been using them for my own painting, too. PSOP Info I subscribe to several art sites that share information that I find very interesting.... The Purkinje Effect: Have you ever noticed when you are plein air painting how colors and objects look radically different just before dawn or sunset? A red rose is bright against the green leaves in daylight, but at dusk or dawn the contrast reverses so that the red flower pedals appear dark red or dark warm gray and the leaves appear relatively bright. This difference in contrast is called the Purkinje effect. During early morning walks, anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyne discovered that the human eye is most sensitive towards shifting to the blue end of the spectrum, especially at low light levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Light and Dark Adaptation
    Light and dark adaptation • The range of light levels over which we can see • Why do we need adaptation? • The design problem • Role of pupil changes • The duplex retina: four comparisons of rod-based and cone-based vision • Dark adaptation and pigment bleaching • Light adaptation: Weber’s Law The response of visual neurons Luminance and retinal illumination Sun Fluorescent light/bulbs White paper, full sunlight Candle flame Comfortable reading Print read with difficulty White surface, moonlight Threshold for cone vision White surface, moonless night Visual threshold The range of luminances (left) and retinal illumination (right) found in the natural world Rod and cone operating ranges rod vision cone vision day LUMINANCE RANGE Light reflected from a surface under low and high illumination The ratio of light intensities reflected from the white surround and the black letter is 9:1 under both low and high illuminations. Consider and comment: A white page inside a room reflects less light than a black stone on a sunny beach, yet the page looks white and the stone looks black The sensations of blackness and lightness depend on the contrast of the stimulus, not on the absolute amount of light reflected off any one part of it. Luminance difference between ‘L’ and background = 80 units 8000 units Background = 90 units 9000 units Response ∝ Difference/Background 80/90 (89%) 8000/9000 (89%) The eye’s sliding scale of brightness log luminance log illuminance A piece of white paper that is dimly lit (A) looks white because its luminance lies at the top of its local scale, even though this luminance may be less than that of a piece of black paper that is brightly lit (B).
    [Show full text]
  • Vision at Levels of Night Road Illumination
    36. Vision at Levels of Night Road Illumination OSCAR W. RICHARDS, American Optical Company, Research Laboratory, Stamford, Connecticut SYNOPSIS AUTOMOBILE driving at rdght is done with illvimiBiation of about 3,025 deg. Kelvin and intensities to give a bright• ness range of about 4 to 0.003 footlamberts. V/ithin this range human visual power decreases in acuity, contrast, form perception, stereoscopic depth perception, the abil• ity to judge size, motion and position and compensation to visual stimuli. Form and silhouette vision become more important than acuity, and mental and perceptual fac• tors change at the lov/er part of this range. Changes of visual ability with age, specific factors of the eye, an• iseikonia, Eidaptation, and general systematic factors af• fecting vision are summarized. i/ithin this illumination range eye changes from pho- topic (cone) to scotopic (rod) vision, which is important for estimating visual ability and the effect of colored lenses on vision. Positional and specific retinal effects and dark adaptation are considered. New measurements are given for the effect of yellov/ glass, for acuity and contrast, and for night myopia ob• tained under conditions simulating night visibility. Glare, or dazzle, reduces vision and the eyes should be protected from it, in so far as possible, by selective means which do not reduce the visual field, nor absorb any of the light needed for seeing. Proper spectacles can improve vision for night driv• ing for some people. Lhen the light is focused exactly on the retina, the image is brighter, glare is reduced and vision is markedly improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterthesis Lisbeth Dam Kor
    LET THERE BE NIGHT - a study on how to increase darkness levels in urban green areas Aalborg University Copenhagen Semester: LiD 10 Title: Let there be night – a study on how to increase Aalborg University Copenhagen darkness levels in urban green Frederikskaj 12, areas. DK-2450 Copenhagen SV Semester Coordinator: Project Period: Fall 2020 Secretary: Abstract: SemesterAalborg Theme: University Master thesis CopenhagenSeveral studies confirm that artificial lighting at night disrupts the natural light/dark cycle and interferes with nature and humans' natural Semester: LiD 10 patterns with detrimental consequences for our physiology, behaviour and health. Still, artificial Supervisor(s):Title: Let there be night – a study on how tolight increase levels are increasAalborging globally, University Copenhagenand light darkness levels inpollution urban greenis not considered Frederikskaj a "rightful" 12, form of Michael Mullins areas. pollution. This thesis investigatesDK-2450 how Copenhagenoutdoor lighting SV can support the coexistenceSemester of human Coordinator: and nature in ProjectProject group Period: no.: Fall 2020 urban green areas by minimizingSecretary: the impact on N/A biological patterns of nature and human, enabling human eye adaption, and enhancing the Abstract: Members:Semester Theme: Master thesis feelingSeveral ofstudies reassurance. confirm that artificial lighting at Lisbeth Dam Kørner Throughnight disrupts a comprehensive the natural light/dark literature cycle review and and exploratoryinterferes with test nature on cont andrast humans' perception natural and colourpatterns reflectance, with detrimental a design consequences framework for is our proposedphysiology, focusing behaviour on threeand hea lightinglth. Still, artificial Supervisor(s): characteristic:light levels are 1increas quantitying andglobally, intensity, and light 2 directionpollution isand not distribution considered anda "rightful" 3 spectrum form andof Michael Mullins colour,pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 17: Color
    Matthew Schwartz Lecture 17: Color 1 History of Color You already know that wavelengths of light have different colors. For example, red light has λ ≈ 650nm, blue light has λ ≈ 480nm and purple light has λ ≈ 420nm. But there is much more to color than pure monochromatic light. For example, why does mixing red paint and blue paint make purple paint? Surely monochromatic plane waves can’t suddenly change wavelength, so what is going on when we mix colors? Also, there are colors (like cyan or brown) which do not appear in the rainbow. What wavelengths do they have? As we will see, the wavelength of monochromatic light is only the starting point for thinking about color. What we think of as a color depends on the way our brains and our visual system processes the light coming into our eyes. The earliest studies of color were done by Newton. He understood that white light was a combination of lots of wavelengths. He performed some ingenious experiments to show this, described in his book Optiks (1704). For example, even though prisms turned white light into a rainbow, people thought that maybe the prism was producing the rainbow colors. Newton showed that this wasn’t true. He could use lenses and mirrors to shine only red light into a prism, then only red light came out. He also separated white light into different colors, then used lenses and mirrors to put them into another prism which made white light again In his classic Optiks, Newton compared the colors going in a circle to the cycle of 5ths in music.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson Four Seeing Color / Color Constancy
    © 2015 Cheryl Machat Dorskind! ALL RIGHTS RESERVED! MORE About Color! Lesson Four! Seeing Color/Color Constancy! ! ! Lesson Four! Seeing Color / Color Constancy! ! “Intuition suggests that you open your eyes and viola: there’s the world with all its beautiful reds and golds, dogs, taxicabs, bustling cities and floriferous landscapes. Vision appears effortless and, with minor exceptions, accurate. There is little important difference, it might seem between your eyes and a high-resolution digital camera. What intuition suggests is dead wrong.” David Eagleman Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain ! Lesson four explores “seeing color” and color theory topics that have interested scientist and psychologist for a long time. We’ll take a look at Color Constancy, Simultaneous Contrast, After Image, and the Purkinje Effect. We will also examine the colors yellow and blue, which are the polar opposites on the visible light spectrum and the essence of warm and cold dichotomies— motifs used in art for centuries. The assignments that follow provide opportunities to experiment with color theory. ! To help understand the concepts explored in this lesson, I have created a glossary of the topics and listed them in the beginning of the lesson for easy reference. ! © 2015 Cheryl Machat Dorskind ! www.cherylmachatdorskind.com! All Rights Reserved! Page #"1 © 2015 Cheryl Machat Dorskind! ALL RIGHTS RESERVED! MORE About Color! Lesson Four! Seeing Color/Color Constancy! ! Glossary! Color Constancy Seeing only the colors we expect to see. ! Simultaneous Contrast: When two different colors come into direct contact, the contrast intensifies the difference between them. (Art Fundamentals, Ocvirk, Stinson, Wigg, Bone, Cayton, 11th Edition, McGraw Hill, NY © 2009, page 311) ! After Image “An “After Image” is a ghostly but brilliant apparition of a complementary color that appears after gazing steadily at a hue, then shifting the eyes away to an uncolored surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Lighting Recommendations
    Dark Sky Ireland Lighting Recommendations 13 February 2020 Public Lighting Recommendations A document prepared for the Road Management Office Prof. Brian Espey, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin on behalf of the Dark Sky Ireland group Promoting and preserving Ireland's Dark Skies 1 Dark Sky Ireland Lighting Recommendations 13 February 2020 Prof. Brian Espey, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin on behalf of the Dark Sky Ireland group https://www.darksky.ie/ Contact info: email: [email protected] Ph: (01) 896-2680 13th February 2020 2 Dark Sky Ireland Lighting Recommendations 13 February 2020 Abstract Public lighting accounts for €56 million in public expenditure annually and is a major item in council budgets. A large proportion of the 480,000 units in the lighting stock are in need of replacement with more efficient luminaires in order to meet energy and carbon reduction targets. The following document is predicated on the assumption that LED lighting will be increasingly used for public lighting and aims to mitigate the negative effects within the constraints of the drive for energy efficiency and lower carbon production. It is important to point out, however, that in line with the recommendations of bodies such as the Institution of Lighting Professionals the greatest savings will be made by dimming lights or removing unnecessary lighting. This document outlines aspects of public lighting in relation to the installation of LED lighting and the desirability to reduce both light levels and the blue spectral component. LED technology is known to have positive outcomes in terms of economic and environmental aspects (including carbon dioxide reduction) and the replacement of older lanterns with modern full cut-off designs which reduce or eliminate light emission above or near the horizontal provide further gains.
    [Show full text]
  • A Buyer's and User's Guide to Astronomical Telescopes And
    James Mullaney A Buyer’s and User’s Guide to Astronomical Telescopes and Binoculars Second Edition The Patrick Moore The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3192 A Buyer’s and User’s Guide to Astronomical Telescopes and Binoculars James Mullaney Second Edition James Mullaney, F.R.A.S. Rehoboth Beach , DE , USA ISSN 1431-9756 ISBN 978-1-4614-8732-6 ISBN 978-1-4614-8733-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8733-3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013949156 1st edition: © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007 2nd edition: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
    [Show full text]
  • (Purkinje Effect). Fordirection of the Lamp, That Is to Say Downwards the Brightnesses That One Could Have in the Darkwhen the Lamp Is Mounted in the Normal Position
    AUGUST 1949 DARK -ROOM LIGHTING 59 towards the shorter waves, owing to the visualin one plane perpendicular to the axis; see fig. 5. task of the eye being transferred from the conesThus the scanty light is emitted mainly in the axial to the rods in the retina (Purkinje effect). Fordirection of the lamp, that is to say downwards the brightnesses that one could have in the darkwhen the lamp is mounted in the normal position. room we therefore have to reckon with a reducedIn order to get some light at the side - the lamp sensitivity of the eye for the red 6). has to serve as "beacon" for orientation of the not It appears that for general lighting when dealingyet adapted eye - the bulb is frosted on the inside. with panchromatic emulsions it is best to choose a Notwithstanding the very small flux, this light spectral area near the maximum of the shiftedhas to be used with care, as will be understood relative luminosity curve, i.e. near 5050 A. Thatfrom the foregoing. The panchromatic film must be is why for this purpose a green dark -room safe -exposed to it as little as possible, certainly less light has been made, the maximum radiation lyingthan 20 seconds at such a distance from the lamp around 5600 A. The maximum cannot be broughtthat the illumination is 0.0005 lux (about 2 metres much closer to the said optimum wavelength be- when the flux is 0.01 lumen). By way of comparison cause the spectrum must inevitably extend towardsit is to be noted that the illumination of the earth still shorter waves and there the sensitivity of theon a clear starlit night with no moon averages emulsion (in comparison to that of the eye) begins about 0.0003 lux 7).
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Edridge-Green's Theories of Vision by J
    Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.4.7.322 on 1 July 1920. Downloaded from 322 THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY Summary On Young's hypothesis, a simple explanation can be advanced for the fact that both the red and the green blind call the less refrangible end (long wave length end) of the spectrum yellow, namely, that they have found by experience that their long wave length sensation is most strongly aroused by objects which the normal sighted call yellow. This also explains why they call greens, both spectral and pigmentary, dirty yellow, grey, or grey-blue according to shade. Also why they call white " white" and'not purple, on the one hand, (green blind) or blue gr%en, on the other (red blind). REFERENCES x. Pole, Nature, I879, p. 479. 2. Edridge-Green, "Colour Blindness," 2nd edition, 1909,. p. 94. 3. Luciani, "Physiology," Vol. IV, I917, p. 379. 4. Scheming, "Physiol. Optics," p. 273. 5. Starling, " Human Physiology," 19J5, p. 580. 6. Halliburton, "Physiology," 1915, p. 580. / DR. EDRIDGE-GREEN'S THEORIES OF VISION BY J. HERBERT PARSONS, LONDON. DR. EDRIDGE-GREEN, in his many writings on colour vision and http://bjo.bmj.com/ kindred topics, has advanced several theories. He has been indefatigable in his attempts to support these theories by statements based upon, and criticisms directed against, the work of other investigators, as well as by extensive series of observations of his own. It is not unnatural that in his enthusiastic advocacy of his views he should appear at times somewhat to underrate the work on October 7, 2021 by guest.
    [Show full text]
  • EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS & Laura Weiss New Perspectives in Science Education, Florence, 22-23.3.2018 EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS: an ANALOGY
    Andreas Müller EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS & Laura Weiss New Perspectives in Science Education, Florence, 22-23.3.2018 EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS: AN ANALOGY I. Introduction II. Dialogue and classroom questioning i. speaking time ii. wait time iii. question level III. Interest and authenticity IV. Discussion V. Conclusions MÜLLER & WEISS, EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS 2 OPTICAL ILLUSIONS Systematic errors of perception and interpretation EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS In analogy with optical illusions "Characteristic errors that may give clues to underlying mechanism" (Keil & Wilson, 2005). Not individual beliefs or hopes in V. Vaserely, Vega-Lep, 1970 something that does not happen (Balzac, 1843/1983). MÜLLER & WEISS, EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS 3 WHO SPEAKS IN SCIENCE LESSONS? 100% 90% 80% time 70% 60% 50% speaking 40% 30% Teacher Teacher 20% 10% 0% Physics [7] Chemistry [8] Mathematics [9] [7] Seidel (2003); [8] Sumfleth & Pitton (1988); [9] Klieme et al. (2006). Comparative findings in EFL: number of words spoken by teachers = 83.4% (Getachew Tsegaye & Davidson, 2014). MÜLLER & WEISS, EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS 4 ARE TEACHERS AWARE OF THEIR TALKING TIME? self estimate actual value proportion Teachers Talking time proportion Strong underestimation 50% vs 70% of teacher talking time (English and German lessons) 1/3 of teachers thinks that they are under 40% of the lesson time (Klieme et al, 2006). MÜLLER & WEISS, EDUCATIONAL ILLUSIONS 5 ENOUGH TIME TO THINK? .“wait time” in the teacher/student interaction largely investigated since the 1970’s in different subjects areas (Rowe, 1969; 1986; Tobin, 1987) .“think time” (Stahl, 1990) “We need processing time when asked a question, to hear the question, assimilate it and compare it to others that we have been asked, formulate a response from a Heinze & Erhard (2006) after Rowe (1969) possible range and surface the response in language.
    [Show full text]