The History of South Carolina
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BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1891 A-MS^SH so/3imi. CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 220 049 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924092220049 THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE EEVOLUTION 1776-1780 ^>^?><^^o THE HISTORY OP SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE REVOLUTION 1775-1780 BY EDWARD McCRADY, LL.D. A MEMBER OF THE BAB OI^CHARLESTON, S.C., AND PKESIDENT OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ADTHOE OF "THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UNDER THE PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT " AND " THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT " THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON : MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1901 All rights reserved OOPTEIOHT, 1901, bj the maomillan company. STorSDonli Tfirtet 3. S. Cuflhing & Co. — Berwick St Smith Norwood Mass. U.S.A. AUTHORITIES CONSULTED AND QUOTED Adams, John, Works and Life. Boston. Address to the Army in Reply to Strictures by Roderick McKenzie, Lieutenant Seventy-first Regiment. Major George Hanger. London, 1789. Addresses. Wilmot G. De Saussure, President Cincinnati Society. 1883-85. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Information for the Years 1830-31. American Commonwealth. James Bryce. 2 volumes. 1888. American Encycloppedia. American Loyalists. Lorenzo Sabine. Boston, MDCCCXLVII. American State Papers, Class V, Military Affairs. Volume I. Washington, 1832. American Statesmen Sei'ies. John Adams. Annals of Newbury. John Belton O'Neal, LL.D. 1859. Annual Register or Review of History, Politics, and Literature for the Years 1775, 1776, 1779, 1780, 1781. London. Bancroft's History of the United States. Edition of 1852-83. Belknap's History of New Hampshire. 1784-92. Botta's History of the War of the United States of America. Trans- lated from the Italian by George Alexander Otis, 3d. 2 volumes. 1834. British IMilitary Library. London, 1801. Cliiiton-Cornwallis Controversy growing out of the Campaign in Virginia, 1781. B. F. Stevens. London, 1888. 2 volumes. Collections of the Historical Society of South Carolina. 4 volumes. Colonial and Revolutionary History of Upper South Carolina. Landrum. Cooley on Constitutional Limitations. Boston, 1868. Curwen's Journal and Letters, 1775, 1784. New York, 1845. 3d edition. Diary of Josiah Smith, an exile to St. Augustine, MS. Documentary History of South Carolina. Robert Gibbes. 3 volumes. VI AUTHORITIES Drayton's Memoirs of the Kevolution. John Drayton, LL.D. 1821. 2 volumes. Elliot's Debates on Constitution, 1787. Washington, 1836. 4 volumes. Gadsden, Christopher. MS. collections bound in one volume entitled So. Ca. Miscellan. Garden's Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War. Charleston, 1822. Gazette, The South Carolina, 1732-1774, 1776. The South Carolina and American General, 1766, 1775. The South Carolina and Country Journal, 1766, 1774. The Gazette of the State of South Carolina, 1776, 1778. The Royal Gazette, 1780. Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle for the Years 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781. George III, Bisset's History of the Reign of. London, 1803. 6 volumes. George IV, .Alemoirs of. Robert Iluish. London, MDCCCXXX. Gordon, W., History of the Amei-ican Revolution, 178S. 4 volumes. Greene, Nathanael, Life and Campaigns. C. Caldwell, M.D. Philar delphia, 1819. Life, William Gilmore Simms. 1856. Life and Correspondence. Hon. William Johnson. Charleston, 1822. 2 volumes. Major General in the Army of the Revolution. George W. Greene. Boston, 1849. Great Commander Series. Francis Vinton Greene. New York. 1893. Hildreth's History of the United States. New York, 1849. 3 volumes. Historical Register, Continental Army. Heitman. Washing-ton, 1893. Howe's History of the Presbyterian Church. Columbia, 1870. IredeU, James, Life and Correspondence. New York, MDCCCLVII. 2 volumes. Jackson, Andrew, Life. Parton. New York, 1858. Jefferson, Thomas, Writings. 1859. Johnson, John, D.D., Defence of Charleston Harbor. Charleston, 1890. Johnson, Joseph. Traditions and Reminiscences of the Revolution in South Carolina. Charleston, 18.31. AUTHORITIES VU Journals (MS.) of General Assembly and printed Extracts thereof, 1776, 1778. Kent's Commentaries. King's Mountain and its Heroes. Draper. Cincinnati, 1881 Lacey, Life of General Edward M. A. Moore, M.D., 1859. Laurens's MSS., Historical Society of South Carolina. Laurens's The Army Correspondence of Colonel John Laurens, 1777- 98. Bradford Club Series. Lecky's History of England in the Eighteenth Century. Logan, John PL, History of Upper South Carolina. London Remembrancer or Impartial Repository of Events for the Year 1776. Lossings Field Book of the Revolution. New York, 1852. 2 volumes. Marion, Francis, Life. William Dobien James, A.M. Charleston, 1821. Marion, Francis. Mason L. Weems. Philadelphia, 1857. McCall's History of Georgia. Savannah, 1811. 2 volumes. Memoirs of the War of 1776. Henry Lee. Edition of Robert E. Lee, 1870. Moore's Diary of the American Revolution. 2 volumes. Moore, G. H., Treason of Majoi'-general Charles Lee. New York, C. Scribner, 1860. Moultrie, Memoirs of the American Revolution. New York, 1802. 2 volumes. North Carolina in 1780-81. David Schenck, LL.D. Orangeburg County, History of. A. S. Salley, Jr. 1898. Pitkin's Political and Civil History of the United States of America. New Haven, 1835. Potter's Dwarris on Statutes and Constitution. Publications of the Southern Historical Association. Ramsay, David, M.D., History of South Carolina, 1809. 2 volumes. History of the Revolution in South Carolina, 1785. 2 volumes. Ramsey, J. G. M., Annals of Tennessee. Charleston, S.C, 1853. Russell's Magazine, September, 1851. Unpublished Revolutionary Papers of John Rutledge. Sanderson's Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Philadelphia, 1824. Siege of Charlestown by the British Fleet and Army under the Com- mand of Admiral Arbuthnot and Sir Henry Clinton. J. Mun- sell, 1867. Limited edition. Vlll AUTHOKITIBS Simms, William Gilmore, History of South Carolina, 1840, 1860. South Carolina in the Revolution, published under the name of " Southron,'" containing extracts from diaries of persons in the siege of Charleston. Charleston, 1858. South Carolina under the Proprietary Government, 1670, 1719- McCrady, 1897. South Carolina under the Royal Government, 1719, 1776. McCrady, 1899. Steadman, C, History of the American War. London, 1794. 2 volumes. Strictures on Lieutenant Colonel Taiieton's History, by Roderick McKenzie, Lieutenant Seventy-first Regiment. London, 1787. Sumter, General Thomas, MS. collection in possession of Miss Mary Brownfield, containing Hill's Narrative. 2 bound volumes. Tarleton's liistory of the Campaigns of 1780-81 in the Southern Provinces of North America, by Lieutenant Colonel Tarleton of the British Legion. London, MDCCCXXXVIH. United Service Magazine, September, 1881. The Battle of Eutaw Springs. I. Watts de Peyster, Major General, N. G. N. Y. Washington, George, Washington Irving's Life of. New York, 1855. 4 volumes. John Marshall's Life of. Philadelphia, 1804. 5 volumes. Washington's Writings, edited by Jared Sparks. Boston, 1837. 12 volumes. Wheeler's History of North Carolina. Philadelphia, 1851. Wheeler's Reminiscences of North Carolina. Columbus, O., 1884. Winning of the West. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt. Year Books, City of Charleston, during the Administrations of the Hon. William A. Courtenay, Hon. John F. Ficken, and Hon. J. Adger Smyth. CONTENTS CHAPTEK I 1775 The Revolution precipitated by the battle of Lexington — The Ameri- can colonies not prepared for hostilities — Both parties disown responsi- bility — Position of Kevolutionists at the time of Lord William Campbell's appointment as Governor — South Carolina sets up the first independent government — Its committees and Council of Safety — Vigorous measures adopted — Lord William Campbell arrives — His reception — Receives and replies to address from Provincial Congress — His embarrassing position and vacillation — Military organization of the province — Three regiments organized — Scarcity of powder at Boston — South Carolina called upon to contribute — Opportunity of doing so singularly afforded — Expedition to seize powder organized by Secret Committee — Powder secured — Five thousand pounds dispatched to Continental Congress at Philadelphia — Captain Lempriere seizes another supply off the bar of St. Augustine — William Henry Drayton and Arthur Middleton dominant in local affairs — Absurd charge of Roman Catholic conspiracy — First case of tar and feathering — Its evil consequences — Non-associators summoned to answer — The case of William Wragg — That of Lieutenant Governor William Bull — Divisions in the Council of Safety. 1-32. CHAPTER II 1775 German settlers in Orangeburgh and Saxe-Gotha oppose the Revolution — Mission of George Wagner and Felix Long — Disaffection extends — Cruel treatment of Thomas Browne at Augusta — Colonel Fletchall's conduct — Council of Safety addresses him — He refuses to take up arms against the King — Major Mayson brings supply of powder from Fort Charlotte to Ninety-Six — Moses Klrkland and Captain Polk abandon Major Mayson — Kirkland urges Fletchall to seize powder — Major Rob- inson with Robert and Patrick Cuningham secure it — Fletchall's regi- ix X CONTENTS ment refuses to sign association — Fifteen hundred men at Fletchall's muster field — Disaffection increases — The people from the Broad to the Saluda come out for the King — Lord William Campbell's correspondence