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Gilbert Keith Chesterton Y El Distributismo Inglés En El Primer Tercio Del Siglo Xx

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Gilbert Keith Chesterton Y El Distributismo Inglés En El Primer Tercio Del Siglo Xx GILBERT KEITH CHESTERTON Y EL DISTRIBUTISMO INGLÉS EN EL PRIMER TERCIO DEL SIGLO XX Esta tesis fue dirigida por el Dr. D. JOSÉ LUIS PÉREZ DE AYALA Y LÓPEZ DE AYALA y fue leída en la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y de la Administración de la Universidad San Pablo CEU, el día 21 de mayo de 2003 ante el tribunal constituido por los siguientes profesores: Presidente: Dr. D. Dalmacio Negro Pavón Vocal: Dr. D. Eudaldo Forment Giralt Vocal: Dr. D. Pedro José González-Trevijano Sánchez Vocal: Dr. D. José Manuel García Ramos Secretario: Dr. D. Ernesto Lejeune Valcárcel Habiendo recibido la calificación de SOBRESALIENTE “CUM LAUDE” DANIEL SADA CASTAÑO Departamento de Derecho Público I Facultad de Derecho Universidad San Pablo CEU GILBERT KEITH CHESTERTON Y EL DISTRIBUTISMO INGLÉS EN EL PRIMER TERCIO DEL SIGLO XX Director: JOSÉ LUIS PÉREZ DE AYALA Y LÓPEZ DE AYALA FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA ESPAÑOLA Alcalá, 93 MADRID, 2005 Publicaciones de la FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA ESPAÑOLA Colección TESIS DOCTORALES CUM LAUDE Serie D (Derecho) - FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA ESPAÑOLA Alcalá, 93. (28009 MADRID) Tfno.: 91 431 11 93 - 91 431 11 22 Fax: 91 576 73 52 j e-mail: [email protected] Ilustración de cubierta: Conversation Piece (Gilbert Keith ('G.K.') Chesterton; Maurice Baring; (Joseph) Hilaire Pierre Belloc). National Portrait Gallery, London. ISBN: Depósito Legal: INDICE Página AGRADECIMIENTOS ..................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO I: INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................... 13 1. La elección del tema...................................................................................... 13 2. La búsqueda de las fuentes ............................................................................ 14 3. Concreción del tema y metodología............................................................... 17 4. Fuentes .......................................................................................................... 18 CAPÍTULO II: ORÍGENES DEL DISTRIBUTISMO. SUS INICIADORES.............. 21 1. Orígenes del distributismo............................................................................. 21 2. Chesterton y Belloc: vidas paralelas .............................................................. 24 3. El debate fundacional del distributismo......................................................... 27 CAPÍTULO III. IDEAS GENERALES DEL DISTRIBUTISMO................................ 31 1. Introducción. La tercera vía del distributismo................................................ 31 2. Distributismo y libertad................................................................................. 37 3. En defensa de lo pequeño .............................................................................. 48 4. El distributismo como alternativa. Sus dificultades prácticas ........................ 52 5. La batalla contra el engaño de que ningún cambio es posible........................ 61 CAPÍTULO IV. CRÍTICA DEL CAPITALISMO....................................................... 65 1. Introducción .................................................................................................. 65 2. Postulados básicos del capitalismo liberal ..................................................... 65 3. Lo que afirma el distributismo....................................................................... 68 4. El problema de los términos .......................................................................... 69 5. Alcance de la crítica distributista al capitalismo............................................ 71 6. Pérdida de libertad......................................................................................... 75 7. Ilegítima concentración de dinero y de poder ................................................ 78 8. Descontento que produce el capitalismo........................................................ 80 9. El capitalismo sólo prospera en lugares no distributivos................................ 82 10. El inevitable ocaso del capitalismo liberal................................................... 87 CAPÍTULO V. CRÍTICA DEL SOCIALISMO .......................................................... 97 1. Introducción .................................................................................................. 97 2. Capitalismo y socialismo, hermanos gemelos...............................................101 6 DANIEL SADA CASTAÑO 3. La inalcanzable utopía comunista.................................................................104 4. La verdadera revolución no está en el socialismo .........................................108 CAPÍTULO VI. DISTRIBUTISMO Y PROPIEDAD PRIVADA ..............................111 1. Introducción .................................................................................................111 2. Concepción distributista vs. concepción capitalista de la propiedad .............112 3. Paralelismos con la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia..........................................117 4. Los matices propios de Chesterton sobre la propiedad .................................127 CAPÍTULO VII. LA PEQUEÑA PROPIEDAD ARTESANAL Y AGRARIA: ¿NOSTALGIA MEDIEVAL? ..........................................................................167 1. Introducción .................................................................................................167 2. Polémica sobre las consecuencias del desarrollo industrial en el nivel de vida de los trabajadores......................................................................169 3. La situación del campesinado y del pequeño comerciante en la Edad Media .....................................................................................................172 4. Sustitución de la esclavitud por el régimen distributivo del campesi- nado medieval.........................................................................................174 5. Defensa del campesino, del artesano y del pequeño comerciante .................183 6. Vida urbana versus vida rural .......................................................................185 7. El gremialismo medieval ..............................................................................191 8. La utopía de la Nueva Edad Media...............................................................195 9. ¿Quieren los distributistas volver a la Edad Media? .....................................197 CAPÍTULO VIII. DISTRIBUTISMO: ¿UTÓPICO?..................................................201 1. Introducción .................................................................................................201 2. El ideal del distributismo es posible .............................................................203 3. Lo óptimo es enemigo de lo bueno ...............................................................205 4. La fuerza de la verdad ..................................................................................206 5. Organicidad y disciplina doctrinal en el movimiento distributista ................207 6. El distributismo como única alternativa posible ...........................................211 7. El distributismo propugna una revolución ....................................................213 CAPÍTULO IX. LEGADO Y VALOR ACTUAL DEL DISTRIBUTISMO: UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA .............................................................................215 1. Introducción .................................................................................................215 2. Alcance de la crítica al capitalismo ..............................................................216 3. El distributismo como tercera vía .................................................................220 4. Corriente católico-liberal: la crítica distributista al capitalismo está superada en el capitalismo contemporáneo. ............................................223 5. Validez de la postura distributista a la luz del magisterio último de la Iglesia en materia social .........................................................................226 CAPÍTULO X. CONCLUSIONES.............................................................................245 PRIMERA.- Importancia de las fuentes para una correcta interpretación del distributismo. ....................................................................................245 ÍNDICE GENERAL 7 SEGUNDA.- Valor de la crítica distributista al capitalismo para el mo- mento actual. ..........................................................................................246 TERCERA.- El poder sigue necesariamente a la propiedad..............................250 CUARTA.- Hacia una correcta interpretación del distributismo en su defensa del ideal medieval......................................................................253 QUINTA.- Defensa de los cuerpos intermedios. La imprescindible sub- sidiariedad. .............................................................................................255 SEXTA.- El distributismo no es una utopía......................................................257 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................................................259 Fuentes .............................................................................................................259 Otras obras citadas ...........................................................................................259 Artículos citados de revistas .............................................................................261
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