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Liquid Marble Based Digital Microfluidics: Fundamental Physics and Applications

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Liquid Marble Based Digital Microfluidics: Fundamental Physics and Applications Liquid marble based digital microfluidics: fundamental physics and applications Nam-Trung Nguyen Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith University, Nathan Campus Email: [email protected] Lab webpage: https://ntnlab.com 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 1 Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC) www.griffith.edu.au/qmnc • ~ 30 Academic members • ~ 60 PhD students • A$3.0 Mil annual external funding • Class 100 and 1000 clean rooms Microtechnology Nanotechnology (Top-down) (Bottom-up) Micro/nanosystems (Multidisciplinary) 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 2 Micro/nanofluidics as tool for cellular and molecular scales Human E-coli Hand bacterium Red blood Hemoglobin Hair strand HIV cell 1Å 1nm 10nm 100nm 1mm 10mm 100mm 1mm 1cm 10cm 1m Nanofluidic tools Microfluidic tools Petri dish Well plate Liquid marble 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 Cell Stretcher Chip 3 Droplet versus liquid marble Droplet Liquid marble • Wetting behavior strongly depends • Non wetting on the surface property • Behavior independent from surface • Liquid-gas-solid system • Liquid-solid-gas system • We used 1 um PTFE powder 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 4 Applications of liquid marble based digital microfluidics 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 5 Liquid marble as bioreactor for cell spheroids (3D cell culture) R.K. Vadivelu, C.H. Ooi, R.Q. Yao, J.T. Velasquez, E. Pastrana, J. Diaz-Nido, F. Lim, J. Ekkberg, N.T. Nguyen, J. St John, Generation of three-dimensional multiple spheroid model of olfactory ensheathing cells using floating liquid marbles, Scientific Reports, 2015, Vol. 5, pp. 15083 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 6 Sessile versus floating liquid marble 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 7 Quality of cell spheroids grown in liquid marbles Spheroids of different sizes: (A) 60 μ m diameter spheroid, (B) 100 μm, (C) 150 μm. (D–G) Immunostaining of spheroids from floating LMs grown for 24 h at a seeding density of 5×103 cells/10 μ L: (D) GFP-expressing OECs, (E) s100β immunostaining, (F) DAPI and (G) merged image. Co-culture of OECs with Schwann cells and with astrocytes. Marbles were seeded with the two different cell types at a ratio of 1:1 with an overall seeding density of 500 cells/μL and cultured for 48 h: (H) OECs (green) with Schwann cells (red) and (I) OECs (green) with astrocytes (red). 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 8 Sessile liquid marble for culturing toroid tissue R. K. Vadivelu, H. Kamble, A. Munaz, N.-T. Nguyen, Liquid Marble as Bioreactor for Engineering Three- Dimensional Toroid Tissues, Scientific Reports, 2017, Vol. 7, pp. 12388. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 9 Sessile liquid marble for culturing toroid tissue 3D wound closure model R. K. Vadivelu, H. Kamble, A. Munaz, N.-T. NguyenLiquid Marble as Bioreactor for Engineering Three- Dimensional Toroid Tissues, Scientific Reports, 2017, Vol. 7, pp. 12388. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 10 Floating liquid marble as in-vitro injury model Mixing olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) with nerve debris R. K. Vadivelu, H. Kamble, A. Munaz and N.-T. NguyenLiquid marbles as bioreactors for the study of three- dimensional cell interactions, Biomedical Microdevices, 2017, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 31. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 11 Cryoprotectant-free freezing of cells Freezing Thawing Cell viability post-thawing A B C D E F G Submitted to ACS Aplied Materials & Interfaces 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 12 Evaporation behaviour of liquid marbles 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 13 Evaporation of a sessile liquid marble C.H. Ooi, E. Bormashenko, A.V. Nguyen, G. Evans, D.V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Evaporation of ethanol-water binary mixture sessile liquid marbles, Langmuir, 2016, Vol. 32, No. 24, pp. 6097-6104. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 14 Evaporation of a sessile liquid marble with a binary solution Mass change of a water/ethanol droplet Mass change of a water/ethanol liquid due to evaporation marble due to evaporation C.H. Ooi, E. Bormashenko, A.V. Nguyen, G. Evans, D.V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Evaporation of ethanol-water binary mixture sessile liquid marbles, Langmuir, 2016, Vol. 32, No. 24, pp. 6097-6104. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 15 Evaporation of multiple liquid marbles at elevated temperature K. R. Sreejith, C. H. Ooi, D. V. Dao and N.-T. Nguyen,Evaporation dynamics of liquid marbles at elevated temperatures, RSC Advances, 2018, Vol. 8, No. 28, pp. 15436-15443 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 16 Evaporation of liquid marbles at elevated temperature 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 17 Deformation of liquid marbles 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 18 Deformation of a sessile liquid marble Small liquid marble (Bo<<1) Large liquid marble (Bo>>1) N.T. NguyenDeformation of ferrofluid marbles in the presence of a permanent magnet, Langmuir, Vol. 29, No. 45, 2013, pp. 13982-13989.. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 19 Deformation of a sessile liquid marble Using ferrofluid to form liquid marble and magnet to increase the deforming force N.T. NguyenDeformation of ferrofluid marbles in the presence of a permanent magnet, Langmuir, Vol. 29, No. 45, 2013, pp. 13982-13989.. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 20 Deformation of a sessile liquid marble Magnetic Bond number Small liquid marble Large liquid marble N.T. NguyenDeformation of ferrofluid marbles in the presence of a permanent magnet, Langmuir, Vol. 29, No. 45, 2013, pp. 13982-13989.. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 21 Compression of a liquid marble εε == hh 00 εh= 0.17 εh= 0.32 εh= 0.5 Experiment Simulation Normalised stress 휎 휎*= 휎0 Strain 2푟0−ℎ 휀ℎ = 2푟0 Unpublished results, submitted to APL * 2 σ Bo = 0.6[1/(1-εhro) -1] 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 22 Deformation of a floating liquid marble Floating and a liquid surface reduces evaporation of a liquid marble 3D X-ray tomography C.H. Ooi, C. Plackowski, A.V. Nguyen, R.K. Vadivelu, J. A. St John, D.V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Floating mechanism of a small liquid marble, Scientific Reports, 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 21777. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 23 Floating mechanism of a small liquid marble C.H. Ooi, C. Plackowski, A.V. Nguyen, R.K. Vadivelu, J. A. St John, D.V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Floating mechanism of a small liquid marble, Scientific Reports, 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 21777. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 24 Floating mechanism of a small liquid marble 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Bond number Bo Bond number Bo C.H. Ooi, C. Plackowski, A.V. Nguyen, R.K. Vadivelu, J. A. St John, D.V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Floating mechanism of a small liquid marble, Scientific Reports, 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 21777. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 25 Magnetically actuated liquid marbles 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 26 Magnetic actuation of sessile marbles N.T. NguyenDeformation of ferrofluid marbles in the presence of a permanent magnet, Langmuir, Vol. 29, No. 45, 2013, pp. 13982-13989.. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 27 Magnetic actuation of floating marbles Water strider - floating by surface tension M. K. Khaw, C. H. Ooi, F. Mohd-Yasin, R. Vadivelu, J. St John and N.-T. Nguyen, Digital microfluidics with a magnetically actuated floating liquid marble, Lab on a Chip, 2016, Vol. 16, No. 12, pp. 2211-2218. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 28 Dependence from field strength B = 10.1 mT 10.1 = B Field strength Field Magnet distance Magnet Measured displacement and velocity of a 5 μL floating liquid marble with an iron oxide concentration of 3 mg/ml and a velocity of the permanent magnet of 0.465 mm s−1 mT 3.09 = B with increasing distance from the magnet; (a) d = 6 mm (B = 10.1 mT); (b) d = 10 mm (B = 3.09 mT); and (c) d = 16 mm (B = 0.96 mT). 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 29 Dependence on iron oxide concentration ml / mg 5 c= Concentration ml / mg 3 = c Measured displacement and velocity of a 5 μL floating marble at a distance of 10 mm from the permanent magnet and a velocity of the permanent magnet of 1.86 mm/s with decreasing iron oxide concentration: (a) c = 5 mg/ml; (b) c = 3 mg/ml; and (c) c = 1 mg/ml. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 30 Operation map for magnetically actuated liquid marbles Operation map with the three regimes: sliding (*), lagging (♦) and dislodgement (○). (a) Distance from the magnet and magnet speed space at c = 3 mg/ml; (b) distance from the magnet and magnet speed at c = 5 mg/ml; and (c) iron oxide concentration and speed space. M. K. Khaw, C. H. Ooi, F. Mohd-Yasin, R. Vadivelu, J. St John and N.-T. Nguyen, Digital microfluidics with a magnetically actuated floating liquid marble, Lab on a Chip, 2016, Vol. 16, No. 12, pp. 2211-2218. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 31 Friction factor of moving floating marbles – capillarity driven experiment C. H. Ooi, A. V. Nguyen, G. M. Evans, D. V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Measuring the Coefficient of Friction of a Small Floating Liquid Marble, Scientific Reports, 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 38346. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 32 Friction factor of moving floating marbles C. H. Ooi, A. V. Nguyen, G. M. Evans, D. V. Dao, N.-T. Nguyen, Measuring the Coefficient of Friction of a Small Floating Liquid Marble, Scientifc Reports, 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 38346. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 33 Friction factor of moving floating marbles – magnetically driven experiment M. K. Khaw, C. H. Ooi, F. Mohd-Yasin, A. V. Nguyen, G. M. Evans and N.-T. NguyenDynamic behaviour of a magnetically actuated floating liquid marble, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2017, Vol. 21, No. 110, pp. 1- 12. 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 34 Capillarity actuated liquid marbles 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 35 Drunken droplet: self-deriven liquid marble • Liquid marble loaded with ethanol • Ethanol evaporation and dissolution in the carrier fluid causes Marrangoni effect • Liquid marble moves autonomously until the fuel is exhausted F Ethanol+Water Marangoni flow Water 4BIO SUMMIT: EUROPE 2018 36 Motion phases and duration (iii) Decaying phase (iv) Complete stop Liquid marble with diluted ethanol Water PMMA slab (ii) Intermediate steady phase (i) Initial oscillatory phase Petri dish C.H.
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