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2012 Aivola .Pdf (1.410Mb) Sisekaitseakadeemia Sisejulgeoleku instituut Erkki Aivola POLITSEI TEENISTUSKOERTE ÜKSUSE FUNKTSIONAALSUS JA KORRALDUS EESTIS SCHENGENI ALA VALIMI VÕRDLUSES Magistritöö Juhendaja: Ramon Loik, MA Kaasjuhendaja: Jüri Pajusoo, MA Tallinn 2012 ANNOTATSIOON SISEKAITSEAKADEEMIA Sisejulgeoleku instituut Kuu ja aasta: 05.2012 Töö pealkiri eesti keeles: Politsei teenistuskoerte üksuse funktsionaalsus ja korraldus Eestis Schengeni ala valimi võrdluses. Töö pealkiri võõrkeeles: Police Service Dog Unit in Estonia: Overview of Practices and Functions in Relation to Arrangements Followed in Selected Schengen Countries. Töö autor: Erkki Aivola Olen nõus oma lõputöö kättesaadavaks tegemisega elektroonilises keskkonnas. Allkiri: Lühikokkuvõte: Magistritöö koosneb 90 leheküljest, millest põhiosa moodustab 78 ja lisad 12 lehekülge. Magistritöö eesmärk on leida politsei teenistuskoerte üksusele sobiv korraldus Eestis, tulenevalt selle funktsionaalsusest ja konvergentsi vajadusest vastava korraldusega Schengeni alal. Schengeni õigusruumis on teenistuskoerte töökorralduses võetud suund konvergentsile ja ühtsete standardite väljatöötamisele. Euroopa Liidu (EL) välispiiridel tehtava operatiivkoostöö juhtimise Euroopa agentuur FRONTEX käivitas 2007. aastal projekti, töötamaks välja ühtsed standardid teenistuskoerte alasele tegevusele. Magistritöö teoreetilises käsitluses on vajaliku raamistava ülevaate andmiseks kasutatud valdavalt erinevates võõrkeelsetes politseitöö valdkonda käsitlevates teadusajakirjades publitseeritud uuringuid. Samuti on välja toodud Schengeni õigusruumiga liitunud riikide õigusakte ja praktikat ning liikmesriikide politsei ja piirivalve teenistuskoerte tööd puudutavad EL tasandi regulatsioonid. Schengeni ala riikide valimis on Eesti, Läti, Poola, Ungari, Austria, Rootsi, Prantsusmaa ja Soome. Magistritöö empiirilises osas võrreldakse Schengeni ala riikide valimi politsei teenistuskoerte üksuste korraldust ning sellekohaseid kvantitatiivseid andmeid. Uuringu tulemuste põhjal tehakse praktilise suunitlusega ettepanekuid politsei teenistuskoerte üksuse korralduse kohta Eestis, sh tuuakse välja eraldiseisva politsei teenistuskoerte üksuse eelised võrdluses hajutatud paiknemisega. Ettepanekutes on arvestatud Politsei- ja Piirivalveameti prefektuuride eripäradega. Võtmesõnad: Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet, teenistuskoerte üksused, Schengeni ala, FRONTEX. Võõrkeelsed võtmesõnad:Police and Border Guard Board, police service dogs units, Schengen area, FRONTEX. Säilitamise koht: Kaitsmisele lubatud Sisejulgeoleku instituudi juhataja: Allkiri: Vastab lõputöö nõuetele Juhendaja: Ramon Loik, MA Allkiri: Kaasjuhendaja: Jüri Pajusoo, MA Allkiri: 2 SISUKORD MÕISTETE JA LÜHENDITE LOETELU ....................................................................... 5 SISSEJUHATUS .............................................................................................................. 6 1. POLITSEI TEENISTUSKOERTE ÜKSUSE FUNKTSIONAALSUS ........................ 9 1.1. Eesmärkide ja ülesannete seos avaliku sektori organisatsiooni ülesehitusega sisejulgeoleku valdkonnas .......................................................... 9 1.2. Politsei teenistuskoerte kasutamise kujunemine ja üksuse ülesanded .............. 18 1.3. Politsei teenistuskoerte valdkonda reguleerivad õigusaktid Schengeni riikide valimis .................................................................................................. 27 2. POLITSEI TEENISTUSKOERTE ÜKSUSE KORRALDUS EESTIS SCHENGENI ALA VALIMI VÕRDLUSES ............................................................. 38 2.1. Politsei teenistuskoerte töötulemused eraldiseisvas üksuses ............................ 38 2.2. Politsei teenistuskoerte töötulemused politseiorganisatsioonis eraldiseisva üksuseta ....................................................................................... 49 2.3. Politsei teenistuskoerte üksuste korraldus Schengeni alal ning ettepanekud vastava korralduse kohta Eestis .................................................. 56 KOKKUVÕTE ................................................................................................................ 65 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 68 VIIDATUD ALLIKATE LOETELU ............................................................................. 71 TABELITE JA JOONISTE LOETELU.......................................................................... 78 Lisa 1. Intervjuude kodeerimisskeem ............................................................................. 79 Lisa 2. Helsingi politseiosakonna teenistuskoerte üksuse töötulemused 2007 a. ........... 80 Lisa 3. Helsingi politseiosakonna teenistuskoerte üksuse töötulemused 2008 a. ........... 81 Lisa 4. Helsingi politseiosakonna teenistuskoerte üksuse töötulemused 2009 a. ........... 82 Lisa 5. Helsingi politseiosakonna teenistuskoerte üksuse töötulemused 2010 a. ........... 83 Lisa 6. Põhja Politseiprefektuuri künoloogiateenistuse aruanne 2007-2008 ............. 84 Lisa 7. Põhja Politseiprefektuuri künoloogiateenistuse aruanne 2009-2010 ............. 85 3 Lisa 8. Põhja Prefektuuri künoloogiateenistuse aruanne ja Helsingi politseiosakonna teenistuskoerte üksuse töötulemused 2011 kuus kuud. ................... 86 Lisa 9. Politsei- ja Piirivalveameti teenistuskoerte koondaruanne 2010......................... 87 Lisa 10. Politsei- ja Piirivalveameti teenistuskoerte koondaruanne 2011 esimene poolaasta ...................................................................................................................... 88 Lisa 11. Autori poolt tehtud ettepanekud teenistuskoerte üksuste paiknemise kohta ..... 89 Lisa 12. Schengeni õigusruumi riikide valimi politsei teenistuskoerte valdkonna regulatsioonide ning autori poolt läbiviidud ekspertintervjuude salvestised. ............. 90 4 MÕISTETE JA LÜHENDITE LOETELU FRONTEX - Euroopa Liidu välispiiridel tehtava operatiivkoostöö juhtimise Euroopa agentuur (Ametid...2012). figurant – jõukasutuskoolituses teenistuskoera koolitav isik, või muu eriväljaõppega isik, keda teenistuskoer koolituse käigus ründab (Autori sõnastatud). jõukasutuskoer – teenistuskoer, kes on võimeline koerajuhi käskluse peale inimest hammustama ja haardest lahti laskma, valvama inimest ning lõpetama rünnaku (Common...2012). PPA – Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet üldotstarbeline koer – teenistuskoer, kes on võimeline ajama inimese lõhnajälge ning otsima ja näitama inimest või inimese lõhnaga esemeid. Samuti on võimeline koerajuhi käskluse peale inimest hammustama ja haardest lahti laskma, valvama inimest ning lõpetama rünnaku (Common...2012). Eestis kasutatakse paralleelselt ka mõistet patrullkoer. 5 SISSEJUHATUS Politsei- ja Piirivalveameti (edaspidi ka ühendamet) loomisel 2010. aastal ei muudetud senist teenistuskoertega seonduvat korraldust. Ühendameti neljast prefektuurist vaid ühes on eraldiseisev teenistuskoerte üksus, teistes prefektuurides kuuluvad teenistuskoerad koos koerajuhiga erinevatesse üksustesse. Seega ei ole politsei teenistuskoertega seonduv valdkond Eestis korraldatud ühetaoliselt. Erinevad ka vastavad töötulemused. Põhja Prefektuuris, kus on eraldiseisev teenistuskoerte üksus, on töötulemused teenistuskoera kohta märgatavalt paremad, võrdluses teiste prefektuuride samade näitajatega. Kuigi Põhja Prefektuur teenindab tervet Harjumaad, kus pannakse toime peaaegu pooled Eestis toimepandavatest kuritegudest, ei saa see olla ainukeseks põhjuseks, miks on töötulemused teenistuskoera kohta prefektuuriti nähtavalt erinevad. Töötulemuste all käsitletakse käesolevas uurimuses teenistuskoerte töötunde, kasutamisi ja tulemuslikkust, mis väljendub kuriteos kahtlustatavate kinnipidamises ning keelatud ainete ja esemete avastamises. Eesti politsei teenistuskoerte üksuse korraldust ei ole senini autorile teadaolevalt süstemaatiliselt võrreldud teiste riikide sarnase üksuse korraldusega. Korralduse all käsitletakse seejuures organisatsiooni ülesehitust ning teenistuskoerte koos koerajuhtidega paiknemist selles, mis mõjutab praktilist selge suunitlusega tööd. Uuringu uudsus ja aktuaalsus seisneb võimaluste hindamises, kuidas kasutada politsei teenistuskoeri Eestis senisest efektiivsemalt, kuna teenistuskoera suunitlus ning töökeskkond on olulised aspektid sündmuse tulemuslikus lahendamises. Hinnates teenistuskoerte töö tulemuslikkust, saab teha ettepanekuid muudatusteks Politsei- ja Piirivalveameti antud valdkonna korralduses, mis omakorda väljenduks töötulemuste võimalikus paranemises. Schengeni õigusruumis on teenistuskoerte töökorralduses võetud suund konvergentsile ja ühtsete standardite väljatöötamisele. Euroopa Liidu (EL) välispiiridel tehtava operatiivkoostöö juhtimise Euroopa agentuur FRONTEX käivitas 2007. aastal projekti, töötamaks välja ühtsed standardid teenistuskoerte alasele tegevusele. EL Nõukogu kutsus 2011. aastal liikmesriike üles looma politseikoerte professionaalide Euroopa võrgustiku KYNOPOLi, edendamaks liikmesriikide õiguskaitseasutuste vahelist koostööd ja koordineerimist politseikoerte kasutamisel. Euroopa 6 Liidu tasemel on samuti tõdetud, et piiriülene koostöö peab toimima ka teistes valdkondades peale organiseeritud kuritegevuse ja terrorismi alase võitluse, sh on EL Nõukogu märkinud vajadust hõlbustada politseikoerte ühist kasutamist piiriülestel operatsioonidel, tagamaks õiguskaitseasutuste paindlik ja tõhus koostöö. Teenistuskoerte valdkonna korraldus liikmesriigiti peaks ühtlasi toetama Schengeni ala koostööd integreeritud piirihalduses ja kuritegevusvastases
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