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Terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir Ideology and Program IPF Research Team: Shri Manmohan Sharma, Dr Suman Kumar, Dr Geeta Bhatt, Basant Saini, Shrutikar Abhijit
Terrorism In Jammu & Kashmir Ideology and Program IPF Research Team: Shri Manmohan Sharma, Dr Suman Kumar, Dr Geeta Bhatt, Basant Saini, Shrutikar Abhijit Assistance: Bhawna Kumari, Vishal Vaibhav, Abhineet Kalia, Shiv Kumar Singh Published by: India Policy Foundation New Delhi-110016 Email: [email protected] Website: www.indiapolicyfoundation.org © India Policy Foundation Edition: First: March 2019 ISBN: 978-93-84835-28-6 Price: 100/- Printed by: Deepak Offset India Policy Foundation Kashmir : An Overview Jammu and Kashmir, the crown of India has a rich civilizational past which has been unfortunately forgotten in the present era. Referred in legends, mythology, history and poetry, it is believed to have been created by Sage Kashyapa, who drained a lake to produce the land called Kashmira; now known as Kashmir. Surrounded by the Himalayan mountains, its picturesque surroundings and beautiful landscape have been admired by sages, kings and common people alike. Kashmir and its Golden Past Nilamata Purana, one of the few surviving ancient Kashmiri scriptures is considered as a reference text in its cultural history. It traces the existence of Kashmir to the time of the epic Mahabharata.1 Kalhana, a 12th century Kashmiri historian wrote the historical chronicle of the north- Figure 1: Old Carvings on the Wall of Avantiswamin Temple at Awantipora Source: http://www.findmessages.com/old-carvings-on-the-wall-of-avantiswamin- western Indian subcontinent, particularly temple-at-awantipora 03 India Policy Foundation the kings of Kashmir in Sanskrit poetry called Rajatarangini,2 It is a narrative of successive dynasties that ruled Kashmir. The earliest kingdom documented in Kalhana’s book is of King Gonanda, the first in 2449 B.C. -
The Origins, Evolution and Decline of the Khojki Script
The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Typeface Design, University of Reading, 2015. 5 Abstract The Khojki script is an Indian script whose origins are in Sindh (now southern Pakistan), a region that has witnessed the conflict between Islam and Hinduism for more than 1,200 years. After the gradual occupation of the region by Muslims from the 8th century onwards, the region underwent significant cultural changes. This dissertation reviews the history of the script and the different uses that it took on among the Khoja people since Muslim missionaries began their activities in Sindh communities in the 14th century. It questions the origins of the Khojas and exposes the impact that their transition from a Hindu merchant caste to a broader Muslim community had on the development of the script. During this process of transformation, a rich and complex creed, known as Satpanth, resulted from the blend of these cultures. The study also considers the roots of the Khojki writing system, especially the modernization that the script went through in order to suit more sophisticated means of expression. As a result, through recording the religious Satpanth literature, Khojki evolved and left behind its mercantile features, insufficient for this purpose. Through comparative analysis of printed Khojki texts, this dissertation examines the use of the script in Bombay at the beginning of the 20th century in the shape of Khoja Ismaili literature. -
Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System: a Corpus Based Approach
Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System: A Corpus based Approach Tejinder Singh Saini1 and Gurpreet Singh Lehal2 1 Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature & Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India [email protected] http://www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org 2 Department of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India [email protected] Abstract. This research paper describes a corpus based transliteration system for Punjabi language. The existence of two scripts for Punjabi language has created a script barrier between the Punjabi literature written in India and in Pakistan. This research project has developed a new system for the first time of its kind for Shahmukhi script of Punjabi language. The proposed system for Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi transliteration has been implemented with various research techniques based on language corpus. The corpus analysis program has been run on both Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi corpora for generating statistical data for different types like character, word and n-gram frequencies. This statistical analysis is used in different phases of transliteration. Potentially, all members of the substantial Punjabi community will benefit vastly from this transliteration system. 1 Introduction One of the great challenges before Information Technology is to overcome language barriers dividing the mankind so that everyone can communicate with everyone else on the planet in real time. South Asia is one of those unique parts of the world where a single language is written in different scripts. This is the case, for example, with Punjabi language spoken by tens of millions of people but written in Indian East Punjab (20 million) in Gurmukhi script (a left to right script based on Devanagari) and in Pakistani West Punjab (80 million), written in Shahmukhi script (a right to left script based on Arabic), and by a growing number of Punjabis (2 million) in the EU and the US in the Roman script. -
In Search of the Stylistic Origins of the Decorative Arts and Crafts of Kashmir: Period 1400-1900 INTRODUCTION: R
"THROUGH THE MISTS OF TIME" In search of the Stylistic origins of the Decorative arts and crafts of Kashmir: Period 1400-1900 INTRODUCTION: R. RAINA India (3-5 August 1992) The growth and development of the arts reflects a cultivation and aesthetic sensitivity: There is a certain quality of timelessness which is amply demonstrated by their persistence over several centuries. Notwithstanding stylistic and cultural diversities the art traditions have displayed a remarkable continuity, the parallels in form and ornamentation demonstrates the durability of design as also the perfect synthesis. It is with this backdrop that we should view the value of the arts, their origins and affinities. Kashmir's decorative art traditions have been largely determined by its strategic geographical situation and magnificent natural environment. Journeying back through the 'MISTS OF TIME', one can almost faintly visualize merchants, artisans, pilgrims and adventurers traversing the treacherous Karakorams, bringing with them expertise, knowledge and skills that have left a deep imprint on Kashmir's culture. The Silk Roads played a significant role in the growth and development of the arts. one of the important feeder roads left the southern route at Yarkand, across the inhospitable Karakorams, to enter the 'Gates of Hindustan', Leh and Srinagar, before continuing the easy ride down to the markets of the Bombay Coast. The more frequented route was Kokand- Kashgar-Yarkand-Leh-Srinagar. This was preferred by the traders as the Kabul route was fraught with danger from marauding tribes. Kashmir was thus a very vital staging and refueling post for the caravans, and soon became an equally important trading centre. -
Ancient Universities in India
Ancient Universities in India Ancient alanda University Nalanda is an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India from 427 to 1197. Nalanda was established in the 5th century AD in Bihar, India. Founded in 427 in northeastern India, not far from what is today the southern border of Nepal, it survived until 1197. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war. The center had eight separate compounds, 10 temples, meditation halls, classrooms, lakes and parks. It had a nine-story library where monks meticulously copied books and documents so that individual scholars could have their own collections. It had dormitories for students, perhaps a first for an educational institution, housing 10,000 students in the university’s heyday and providing accommodations for 2,000 professors. Nalanda University attracted pupils and scholars from Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia and Turkey. A half hour bus ride from Rajgir is Nalanda, the site of the world's first University. Although the site was a pilgrimage destination from the 1st Century A.D., it has a link with the Buddha as he often came here and two of his chief disciples, Sariputra and Moggallana, came from this area. The large stupa is known as Sariputra's Stupa, marking the spot not only where his relics are entombed, but where he was supposedly born. The site has a number of small monasteries where the monks lived and studied and many of them were rebuilt over the centuries. We were told that one of the cells belonged to Naropa, who was instrumental in bringing Buddism to Tibet, along with such Nalanda luminaries as Shantirakshita and Padmasambhava. -
Ist National Digital Workshop on Sharada Script Learning
Ist National Digital Workshop On Sharada Script Learning (Level 1 course) (Under the aegis of MOU between MIEF & KSU) 13th -20th July, 2020,4-6pm On Zoom App Platform Registration: https://bit.ly/3gNS3Kh Ancient Kashmir Map Sharada Temple Ruins Pakistan Occupied Sharada Script Inscription Kashmir Sharada Script Learning Workshop Sharada Script trained scholars Sharada Script Learning workshop MOU Siging with KSU in 2018 Banner 1 Background Medium of Training: About Sharada Script English/Hindi/Sanskrit/Kannad Among the Western Himalayan scripts, the Sharada alphabet has a Who Can take Part place of pride. Evolved from north western Brahmi a millennium Any interested person who may or may not be knowing Sanskrit ago in the 9th century A.D. It remained in popular use for several language/Devnagari script. centuries in an extensive area of Western Himalayas including North Western Frontier Province, Dardistan, Kashmir, Jammu, Sanskrit knowing scholars/Academicians/Researchers/Philosphers Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh. Later it got restricted to Kashmir etc. only, where it was theprincipal means of writing until the 20th E-Certificate of participation will be given to all participants century. This form was widely used for writing Vedic texts (speakers / experts /panelists/ delegates). The epigraphic and literary records written in this script, that have Program Schedule been found in these regions, have thrown light on many facets of the history and culture of the areas of their provenance The Gurmukhi script was developed from Sarada. 13 July 2020 Day 1 Like the Brahmi and the Kharoshti in the ancient period, the 4.00-04.30 pm Inaugural session Sharada script in the early medieval period formed a vital link 4.30-5.00 pm History about Spkr Prof Sushma in the chain of communication of ideas, knowledge, and culture development of Sharada Devi Gupta Sanskrit among the states comprised in the Western Himalayan region. -
Praagaash February 2019.Cdr
For Private Circulation Only ß vçcçççÆcç lJççb Mççjoç oíJççR, cçnçYççiççR YçiçJçlççR kçÀçMcççÇj HçájJçççÆmçvççR, çÆJçÐçç oççÆ³çvççR j#ç cççcç j#ç cççcçd~ vçcçççÆcç lJççcçd~ Praagaash Net-journal of 'Zaan’ ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 2 ~ Vol 4 : No. 2 HçÀjJçjçÇ 2019 ~ February 2019 Srinagar City River Painting by Kapil Kaul 01 Praagaash ÒççiççMç `]pççvç' kçÀçÇ vçíì-HççÆ$çkçÀç Jç<ç& 4 : DçbkçÀ 2~ HçÀjJçjçÇ 2019 In this issue Editorial - T.N.Dhar ‘Kundan’ l Editorial : T.N.Dhar ‘Kundan’ 01 l Literature & Litterateurs : Editor Praagaash e are grateful to our readers for - Samad Mir - The Sufi Poet of Kashmir 02 W l History : P.L.Ganju their continued support and for - History of Two Ancient Capitals of Kashmir 05 appreciating the standard l kçÀçJ³ç : uççuçe uç#çcçCç : cçncçÓo içç@cççÇ 09 maintained in this e-journal. As l Peculiar Kashmiri Words You May Not Know 09 already stated, our endeavour has l My Medical Journey - Dr. K.L.Chowdhury been and will be to highlight the - A Doctor’s Deportment 10 l Language : Prof R.N.Bhat richness of our culture and the - Writing Systems in India 13 beauty of our tradition. As is well l Adventures : Ajay Dhar known our language is one of the - My Polar Adventure - 5 17 prominent factors of our culture. It is our duty, l Our Mothertongue : M.K.Raina - On Kashmiri Language 21 therefore, to propagate it so that our younger l nbmçvçç cçvçç nÌ 24 generation does not get disconnected from our roots. l Kashmir Shaivism : T.N.Dhar Kundan Appreciating the practicality of this task, we have - Abhinavgupta - The Pride of Kashmir 25 been advocating use of Devanagari script, in addition l kçÀçJ³ç : yçMççÇj Dçlnj to the Nastaliq recognised by the state. -
Officers Pulse
O F F I C E R S ' P U L S E Issue no. 1 | 31st May to 6th June, 2020 C O V E R A G E . The Hindu The Indian Express PIB Rajya Sabha TV All India Radio A T A G L A N C E & I N D E P T H . Polity and Social Issues Economy International Relations Environment Science and Tech Culture CURRENT AFFAIRS WEEKLY THE PULSE OF UPSC AT YOUR FINGER TIPS News @ a glance POLITY ............................................................... 3 2) Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- 1) PM CARES Fund............................................... 3 PCR) ............................................................... 33 2) One Nation One Ration Card .......................... 4 3) Chitra Gene LAMP-N: new Covid-19 3) Essential Commodities Act 1955 .................... 5 diagnostic test kit .......................................... 33 4) Ayushman Bharat Scheme .............................. 6 4) BHIM app and NPCI ....................................... 34 ENVIRONMENT ................................................. 8 4) Darknet / Darkweb ........................................ 35 1) Cyclones .......................................................... 8 5) LiDAR ............................................................. 36 2) Locust attack ................................................... 8 HEALTH ............................................................ 37 3) IMD ............................................................... 10 1) Superspreaders ............................................. 37 4) Pashmina Goats ........................................... -
3.Hindu Websites Sorted Country Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Country wise Sl. Reference Country Broad catergory Website Address Description No. 1 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushahi Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 2 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapala King Jayapala -Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 3 Afghanistan Dynasty http://www.afghanhindu.com/history.asp The Hindu Shahi Dynasty (870 C.E. - 1015 C.E.) 4 Afghanistan History http://hindutemples- Hindu Roots of Afghanistan whthappendtothem.blogspot.com/ (Gandhar pradesh) 5 Afghanistan History http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/mode Hindu Kush rn/hindu_kush.html 6 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Afghan Hindus 7 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Hindus of Afaganistan 8 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.com/vedic.asp Afghanistan and It's Vedic Culture 9 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.de.vu/ Hindus of Afaganistan 10 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.afghanhindu.info/ Afghan Hindus 11 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.asamai.com/ Afghan Hindu Asociation 12 Afghanistan Temple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Temples_ Hindu Temples of Kabul of_Kabul 13 Afghanistan Temples Database http://www.athithy.com/index.php?module=p Hindu Temples of Afaganistan luspoints&id=851&action=pluspoint&title=H indu%20Temples%20in%20Afghanistan%20. html 14 Argentina Ayurveda http://www.augurhostel.com/ Augur Hostel Yoga & Ayurveda 15 Argentina Festival http://www.indembarg.org.ar/en/ Festival of -
Important J&K History Questions
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON HISTORY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR For JK Panchayat, J&K Bank PO/ Clerk Exam Important J&K History Questions Free e-book Important J&K History Questions 1. The valley originally was a huge lake. What was the name of the lake? Ans. Sitasar 2. Which historian has given a great account of early history of Kashmir? Ans. Kalhana 3. The ancient text in which the pre-history of kashmir is given is _________. Ans. Nilmata Puran. 4. Which place did the huge historic lake Sitasar formed its boundary? Ans. Baramulla (Varahmulla) 5. Which saint killed the demon Jalod Bowa so as to make people settle in valley? Ans. Rishi Kashyap 6. The earliest name of Kashmir adopted by people from the name of Rishi Kashyap was? Ans. Kashyap-Mar and Kashyap-Pura 7. What does the word 'kashmir' mean? Ans. 'ka' meaning 'water' and shimeera 'to desicate'. So 'Kashmir' implies ' land dedicated from water' 8. Famous chinese pilgrim Hein-Tsang who visited valley called the valley as: Ans. Kashi-Mi-Lo 9. The earliest name of the river Jhelum in sanskrit scripts is Ans. Vitasta 10. The period of rule of famous sultan Zain-ul-Abdeen is Ans. 1420- 1470 11. The old city of Srinagar, Pandrethan was founded by Ans. Ashoka. The earlier name of the city was Purandisthan. 12. Who is also believed to be Samudra Gupta of Kashmir? Ans. Lalitaditya Muktapid (724 - 761 A.D.). Lalitaditya belonged to Karkota dynasty 13. What is the name of the work done by Kalhan that provides a detailed account of the history of Kashmir? Ans. -
2.Hindu Websites Sorted Category Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Category wise Sl. No. Broad catergory Website Address Description Reference Country 1 Archaelogy http://aryaculture.tripod.com/vedicdharma/id10. India's Cultural Link with Ancient Mexico html America 2 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Harappa Civilisation India 3 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civil Indus Valley Civilisation India ization 4 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiradu_temples Kiradu Barmer Temples India 5 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro Mohenjo_Daro Civilisation India 6 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda Nalanda University India 7 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila Takshashila University Pakistan 8 Archaelogy http://selians.blogspot.in/2010/01/ganesha- Ganesha, ‘lingga yoni’ found at newly Indonesia lingga-yoni-found-at-newly.html discovered site 9 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Ancient Idol of Lord Vishnu found Russia om/2012/05/27/ancient-idol-of-lord-vishnu- during excavation in an old village in found-during-excavation-in-an-old-village-in- Russia’s Volga Region russias-volga-region/ 10 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Mahendraparvata, 1,200-Year-Old Cambodia om/2013/06/15/mahendraparvata-1200-year- Lost Medieval City In Cambodia, old-lost-medieval-city-in-cambodia-unearthed- Unearthed By Archaeologists 11 Archaelogy http://wikimapia.org/7359843/Takshashila- Takshashila University Pakistan Taxila 12 Archaelogy http://www.agamahindu.com/vietnam-hindu- Vietnam -
Centre Bifurcates J&K Into 2
Follow us on: RNI No. TELENG/2018/76469 @TheDailyPioneer facebook.com/dailypioneer Established 1864 Published From ANALYSIS 9 HYDERABAD 11 SPORTS 16 HYDERABAD DELHI LUCKNOW DNA DATABASE TAX A DEADLIER AUSSIES DOWN ENGLAND BHOPAL RAIPUR CHANDIGARH AND FORENSICS TERROR FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN ASHES OPENER RANCHI BHUBANESWAR DEHRADUN VIJAYAWADA *LATE CITY VOL. 1 ISSUE 303 HYDERABAD, TUESDAY AUGUST 6, 2019; PAGES 16 `3 *Air Surcharge Extra if Applicable BELLAMKONDA SURESH TO LAUNCH HIS SON IN B’WOOD { Page 13 } www.dailypioneer.com NARENDRA MODI FULFILS HIS PROMISE TO THE NATION ARTICLE 370 REVOKED SCRAPPING BEFORE NOW Centre bifurcates J&K into 2 UTs Special powers No special exercised by J&K powers now PNS n NEW DELHI Dual citizenship Single citizenship The government on Monday Separate flag for Tricolour will be the revoked Article 370 which Jammu & Kashmir only flag gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir and proposed Article 360 (Financial Emergency) Article 360 that the state be bifurcated into not applicable applicable two union territories, Jammu No reservation for minorities Minorites will be eligible and Kashmir and Ladakh, such as Hindus and Sikhs for 16% reservation provoking outrage from the NC and PDP and triumph Indian citizens from other People from other States from leaders of India's rul- States cannot buy land or will now be able to purchase ing BJP. Meeting a long-held property in J&K land or property in J&K promise of the BJP, Union RTI not applicable RTI will be applicable Home Minister Amit Shah The president on the recommendation moved a resolution in the Duration of Legislative Assembly duration in Union of Parliament is pleased to declare as Assembly for 6 years Territory of J&K will be for Rajya Sabha that Article 370, which allowed Jammu of 5th of August 2019, all clauses of the 5 years and Kashmir to have its own said Article 370 shall cease to be If a woman from J&K marries If a woman from J&K Constitution, will no longer be operative..