A publication from the IDI Issue 3 November 2010

In this Issue: IDI Design Awards 2010 AtypI - The Word Offset 2010 Una Burke

ratio: 1 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 2 :ratio www.idi-design.ie Welcome:

The summer months have rapidly disappeared. Having had a little time to recharge our batteries with well earned holiday breaks, it has been all systems go in preparation for the busiest period in the Institute of Designers in Ireland annual calendar. We are close to concluding the selection annual design awards in both the professional and graduate design competitions. The Design Awards and Design Week Committee’s are working extremely hard to ensure we highlight and promote the very best of Irish design through an expansive range of exciting events in October and November.

In late June we juried well over one hundred entries in the 2010 Graduate Design Awards. A significant number of design Derek McGarry MIDI entries were highly commended in addition to the selection of President, Institute of Designers in Ireland the category awards and Grand Prix winner. The range of work varied quite considerably throughout the competition with You may be aware that City Council has been holding visual communication and product design being the most well a series of design think-tank meetings in recent months. represented disciplines. It is always interesting to try to spot Collaborating with a diverse group of design industry current trends being investigated by the students and colleges. professionals they are discussing the possibility of Dublin Last year we saw a dramatic increase in medical devices being designated the World Capitol of Design in 2014. Having design and the creation of contemporary furniture, this year participated in a World Capitol of Design workshop at Fingal contemporary craft design came to the fore. This is particularly County Council in July, I was very impressed at the level of Why Join IDI? timely as the World Crafts Council will be visiting Ireland in Dublin City Council interest in and ambition for contemporary June 2011 during the International Year of Craft celebrations. Irish design. While much work is ongoing in preparation for The Institute of Designers in Ireland is the professional body We are again collaborating with the Crafts Council of Ireland a potential bid we hope to keep you updated as the dialogue representing the interests of Irish designers. We are an all-island to showcase the very best emerging contemporary Irish continues in the months ahead. organisation with approximately 350 members. designers in an exhibition called Generation 2 in Dublin late next year. It was also encouraging to see the number of fashion Finally, a wide range of Design Week events are planned all By becoming a member, you will benefit from: entries increase. A selection of the best work from this year’s around the country. It is my intention to travel to Belfast, • frequent opportunities to network with design professionals, competition will be exhibited from November 2nd-7th at the Limerick and Cork to meet our members and participate in within and outside your discipline Wandesford Quay Gallery in Cork. some of the events at those locations. Please keep a close watch • a listing of your profile and contact details in our printed annual on the IDI website for a regularly updated list of activities to as well as in our online directory ensure you do not miss out. It will be great to see you all at • news on design events listed on our website and in this Congratulations to based fashion designer Úna members’ publication; Ratio Burke who continues to fly the flag for Irish design on the the Design Awards night on Thursday October 28th. On behalf • support and advice on professional best practice, including international stage by winning more prestigious awards of the IDI, I would like to extend my appreciation to all the access to codes of professional conduct and conditions of and attracting more high profile clients. You will find this committee members and Ailbhe Lee for their commitment engagement months Ratio design feature on Úna’s work really interesting. and endeavour at this really hectic time. Thanks also to Con • access to our database of members With Design Partners recent success in the Kennedy for his continued work in the production of Ratio. • invitations to a wide range of design events, including the of America it really is exciting times for some in the design annual Design Awards industry in this country. Best regards, • membership of a professional design institute affiliated with Derek global design representative groups and recognized by the Irish government and state bodies

For information on membership visit www.idi-design.ie Design: Con Kennedy MIDI - www.conkennedy.ie ratio: 3 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 1 :ratio News: Designers Accord Autumn Gift Fair 2010 The Designers Accord was founded in June 2007 with the goal of changing The Autumn Gift Fair took place from 22nd-25th August the way the creative community conducts it’s business. Designers, educators, at the RDS Simmonscourt and featured the very best of and business leaders adopted a “Kyoto Treaty” of design which was later Irish and international suppliers. This year’s show featured renamed the Designers Accord that specified a particular ethos and behaviour a series of seminars as part of the Retail Design Advice around sustainable design. The underlying philosophy of this agreement was Clinic with a number industry professionals sharing their that by collectively building of intelligence around issues of climate change knowledge and expertise on a range of topics. and humanitarian issues – and tackling those challenges with optimism and RETAIL creativity that would drive innovative and sustainable problem solving solutions Retail designer Celine Cummins MIDI discussed how to through out the creative community. get the best results for your store design. Offering tips Communications Designer, Con Kennedy MIDI gave on cost effective makeovers, visual merchandising and daily seminars on retail branding and the importance Made up of over 150,000, the Designers Accord is a global coalition of window displays and encouraged attendees to bring along of generating an emotive response between brand and designers, educators, and business leaders, working together to create positive a photograph of their existing store layout to get the best consumer. Focussing on the visual impact generated environmental and social impact. Adopting the Designers Accord guidelines out of the session. Celine also delivered presentations on though brand identity, Con’s talk also discussed the use of provides access to methodologies, resources, and experiences relating to creative displays and merchandising techniques to make signage and creative shopping bags. sustainability issues in design. retail outlets irresistible and how to achieve cost effective retail design. http://www.autumngiftfair.com/ The reception of the Designers Accord has been overwhelmingly positive, with designers, design firms, corporations, and educational programs from all over the world joined the coalition. Membership continues to rise and debate relating to sustainability has evolved to include social justice, cultural Design on the Radio - The Persuaders sustainability, and humanitarian issues.

Former IDI President, Barry Sheehan MIDI (Pictured) The Designers Accord in partnership with the Institute of Designers in Ireland was recently joined by Con Kennedy MIDI on the The would like to open a ‘Town Hall’ in Dublin to help promote awareness of Persuaders weekly marketing and media programme on issues around sustainability to the creative and wider community. Town Hall Dublin City FM. meetings are informal face-to-face events to encourage open conversation and discussion. If you would like to get involved with this exciting global Barry and Con discussed many issues currently relating international initiative contact the Ailbhe Lee in the IDI office on 01 489 to design in Ireland, including Dublin’s potential bid to 3650 or email [email protected] become Wold Design Capital, the up coming Design Week and new initiatives introduced recently by the Institute of http://www.designersaccord.org/ Designers in Ireland. http://www.core77.com/blog/events/seattles_first_designers_accord_town_hall_ meeting_reflections_photos_17506.asp A podcast of the show can be downloaded from iTunes http://www.core77.com/blog/events/designers_accord_stockholm_town_hall_ or from here: http://thepersuaders.libsyn.com/index. reflections_and_photographs_15515.asp php?post_id=637726

The Persuaders radio show is presented by Alex Gibson is broadcast live at 1.00pm every Friday.

http://www.persuadersonline.com/ http://dublincityfm.ie/

ratio: 2 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 3 :ratio IDI Awards 2010

The Institute of Designer’s in Ireland held their 12th Awards Ceremony for 2010 in City Hall on October 28th. We were delighted with the turnout on the night coupled with a level of entry which has matched previous years despite the current economic climate.

This was the first year we awarded a The Grand Prix Award went to product Walsh MIDI from Made won the overall lifetime achievement award. The recipient designer Martin Bruggemann of Dolman furniture category for his entry The Sofa was journalist Deirdre McQuillan, for her for his entry Celt ACD for the company Factory Sleep over. services to the Design Industry and she Vasorum. was really thrilled to receive the award. As Other winners on the night were Origin a consequence we had the added benefit The international judges awarded Celt, Design for promotional Literature/ of media coverage in the Irish Times. which is an aRTÉrial closure device Publications for their entry Architecture which uses a biocompatible stainless Ireland Magazine. Zinc won the Annual There were 54 awards presented on the steel implant to close aRTÉrial puncture Report category from the Craft council night including 26 commended, 15 holes after percutaneous catheter-based of Ireland and Ann-Marie Williams MIDI Highly Commended and 13 Winners. Well vascular interventions, as it “recognises from Originate Creative picked up the done to all those who were in receipt of the importance of excellent design to the award for Hadji Bey packaging. Lisa an award and recognise the fact that you performance of healthcare professionals.” McSharry MIDI and Cornelia Hope MIDI were judge to international standards. from Peter Legge Associates and Michael M.C. on the night was Michael Hayes Hughes MIDI from Soon Interiors were The Jury this year comprised of John from TV3 and speaking on the awards also delighted to walk away winners on Bound, Robert Bau, Kees Spanjers, president of the IDI Mr Derek McGarry the night. For a full list of winners please Jeff Knowles, Thomas Krupp and Julian MIDI said he was “delighted that the Celt go to www.idi-design.ie. Berwick. Thanks to Karen Hanratty and ACD won as it showcases the high level of Pixel Design we had a successful online design talent in Ireland.” This year the Graduate Design award’s judging again this year. Grand Prix winner went to Aris Venditit Also to walk away with a coveted eye for his interesting and much needed entry Working alongside Karen to make trophy on the night was Mark Leslie “Dublin City Transport Map”. Deirdre the awards happen for 2010 was the from MaRTÉllo Media whose client OPW McQuillan, fashion editor of the Irish dedicated team of Carol Coffey, Celine commissioned them to design the Ireland Times was also honoured at the event for Cummins, Ailbhe Lee, Derek McGarry, Pavilion at 2010 Shanghai Expo. RTÉ her contribution to design. Con Kennedy, Steve Conlon, John Walsh also had two winners on the night with and Deirdre Doherty. With incredibly tight their entry into TV/Film Production titled The awards were a great success in budgets and a dearth of sponsorship we “Does God Hate?” which the judges loved celebrating the best of Irish design “It is had a real challenge to keep the Awards and their set design for the programme important to commend and encourage the event at the professional standard which “That’s all we’ve got time for”. Design use of design thinking so that our design our members have come to expect. Partners were big winners on the night professional are recognized internationally This year’s awards were also a lead in with three commended entries and an as, not just designers, but ‘design to Design Week so we really wanted the overall category winner for the Logitech thinkers’. It is this level of design thinking awards to have a positive impact. Wireless Gamming Mouse G700. John that will change how micro, small and

ratio: 4 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 5 :ratio medium businesses create competitive advantage, significantly add value for their customers and access new markets.”

With the focus on how to drive a recovery in Irish small and medium business, design thinking techniques can be applied to create competitive advantage quickly for businesses and at value for money levels over the longer term research driven R&D innovation activities, while both are needed, this type of innovation tools can create business growth in next couple of years depending on the type of market you are in. In UK, and other leading innovation countries, design thinking is now regarded at policy level as a critical cornerstone of their economic recovery, sadly that is not the case in Ireland, but these Design Awards, with its independent international jury, will show our policy and program makers the potential of this business tool

The winners of the awards will also be included in the Best of Irish Design Handbook which will be distributed throughout the year as an illustration of the high calibre of design talent we have on the Island of Ireland.

The awards are suppoRTÉd by Enterprise Ireland, Dulux, and The Interiors Directory. For any queries contact the Institute of Designers in Ireland, The Digital Hub, Thomas Street, Dublin 8. ratio: 6 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 7 :ratio I Love Offset Aiden Kenny OFFSET2010 photos couRTÉsy of Peter O’Dwyer & Myles Shelly

Offset 2010 was a three-day event celebrating creativity and the power of the creative process. Now in its second year, the independently financed conference was more expansive this year, with a larger venue, more attendees and an ambitious programme of presentations, interactive sessions and related events throughout Dublin. As with last year’s event, one of the unique charms of Offset is the breadth and variety of its contributors. While some speakers may align with your own preferences and interests, there is always the possibility of discovering engaging presentations by unfamiliar speakers. Given 24 main presentations and 17 secondary sessions, the following are unavoidably brief highlights.

Irish designer Aiden Grennelle acquitted his striking work for the 1968 Mexican in the publishing, design and media himself admirably with a considered Olympics. Unfortunately Wyman proved a industries. The four-man panel tackling presentation on his influences and career. somewhat reticent interview subject at his a topic fully deserving of it’s own three- He combined a low-key presentation style later Q&A session. day conference. That both the digital with a determined rigour and understated evangelists and the print advocate passion for his work. Offset’s undisputed heavyweight agreed on print inevitably becoming a champion was George Lois; the niche channel as the larger proportion Scott Dadich from Wired magazine septuagenarian ad man earning a of all audiences migrates to digital was inspired and intrigued with a behind- standing ovation for his barnstorming particularly telling. Videos of all sessions the-scenes look at the development of presentation on Saturday evening. He from both rooms will be posted at their iPad app. He was savvy enough to followed that by breezing through an iloveoffset.com recognise that – although magazine apps extended Q&A session the next day. His are cousins of the dead-end CD-ROMs no-nonsense conversational style, pithy It is worth noting that – alongside of the nineties – today’s technological anecdotes and uncompromising can-do the creative possibilities of digital landscape should ensure they avoid attitude were a refreshing antidote to futures – Offset provided a beneficial that technological cul-de-sac. He was the economic gloom in that Sunday’s counterpoint with a strong sense of especially interesting on the operational newspapers. He also challenged some historical perspective also informing challenges of producing the interactive prevailing design reflexes by embodying the event. Those sessions featuring version in parallel with the printed a creative approach that focuses on evergreen design work from the sixties edition, both within the same 28-day outcomes above aRTÉfacts. and seventies were amongst the most work flow. inspiring of the weekend. While the individual presentations in the The weekend’s only serious misfire was main auditorium did not permit audience The Small Print have delivered on the nineties wunderkind David Carson’s ill- engagement, that was facilitated in ambitious goals they set for themselves prepared and over-long session. Starting a second room with complimentary with this event. Offset now sets the out as quirky and amusing, he quickly interviews and themed round-table standard for all other Irish design descended into shambolic tedium. discussions. Saturday’s ‘Future of conferences and festivals to aspire to. Publishing’ session was the most Veteran designer Lance Wyman’s career insightful and engaging, addressing the Aiden Kenny is Design Director of BFK — retrospective concentrated on his many ways digital distribution channels [email protected] environmental graphics, particularly are disrupting archaic business models ratio: 8 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 9 :ratio AtypI - The Word Con Kennedy MIDI

The first week September saw one of the largest international design conferences come to Dublin. The annual conference of ATypI (Association Typographique Internationale) took the form of a two-part seminar with Preface being hosted by DIT Mountjoy Square and the main conference The Word being hosted in Dublin castle.

With approximately 450 delegates and The Irish theme continued with Linotype’s François Porchez and Ciaran O’Gaora in a packed programme of events, it was Dan Reynold’s paper on Victor Hammer which both discussed the relationship and always going to be tough choices made and the development of Hammer Uncial influence type has had on their work. on what to attend. and debunking the myth of Irishness in the development of the font - but IADT’s Linda King continued the The Word opened on Thursday night also went on to discuss the working national theme, with a discussion on the with registration and reception in Dublin relationship that Hammer and Colm Ó development of the Aer Lingus brand Castle. The welcoming address was by Lochlainn had in the final development of identity between 1936 - 1996. Later President of AtypI, John D. Berry, and Hammer Uncial. on Friday evening the Irish theme was main Keynote speaker being Robert continued by James Mosley from the Bringhurst, delivering a poetic talk on the Michael Everson’s talk was on the University of Reading with his discussion sociology of type design. “Overlooked treasure of Ireland’s on The Types of the Proclamation of traditional type forms” in which he argued the Irish Republic - highlighting the Friday’s session staRTÉd with Professor that historically, the Gaelic script has authenticity of the original document and Paul Stiff of University of Reading who’s gone uncategorised and this has lead how imperfections in the type available talk discussed themes about typography to confusion of understanding of the at the time of printing makes this such a in both historical and political contexts. insular letterforms. Everson charts the unique and historical document. After which I attending a talk by design development of the first Irish printing historian, Wendy Williams on “Edible type developed at the request of Queen Friday’s Keynote address was delivered Words” and letterforms used in the Elizabeth I, right up to the development by Dr. Dermot McGuinne, formerly of DIT branding of Jacob’s biscuits between of digital Gaelic fonts, in which he argues and now researcher in the National Print 1900-1939 - and for very personal that only a hand full of type designers have Museum. Entitled “A Roman Arrested reasons as both my paternal Great been working in this field between 1988 in Time” the presentation examined the Clockwise: Paul Stiff, François Porchez Grandfather and Maternal Grandmother and 2010. Everson highlighted my own traditions of printing Irish language as and Ciaran O’Gaora, Dermot McGuinne, both had worked for the Jacobs’ company work in designing the Uachtaráin Gaelic distinct from the Roman character. The François Porchez and President of AtypI during their lives. face as being of interest in this field. My evening finished up with a reception John D. Berry, Compositing type at the personal feeling is it that the categorisation and tour of the National Print Museum National Print Museum. Wendy’s talk was to be the first of of Gaelic should be done, but if we do, it in Beggar’s Bush, in which many of the a number of localised Irish themed should be done for historical reasons as as delegates had the opportunity to view, discussions throughout the weekend. a nation, we are never going re-adopt the typeset and print on letterpress machines. I had noted this with a fellow delegate script. But it’s important in the sense of from Chicago, who had being attending being actually recognised as distinct from Saturday’s session staRTÉd early with AtypI conferences since the 1970’s and Latin and as designers being able to draw Marian Bantjes giving an entertaining said that although usually the conference from the correct cultural references. and witty talk on “Meaningful letters”, would usual be some what localised to the although she described herself as not host country there seemed to be a greater “Head to head on type nationalism” being a type designer, it is clear that her bias this year on Irish type and themes. was an informal sofa-chat between Jean work with letterforms is both beautiful ratio: 10 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 11 :ratio and exceptional. The second talk on Featuring Underware’s latest publication AtypI was an intensive weekend of Saturday I had a chance to attend was “Book of war, mortification and love” by seminars, chatting, seminars, Guinness, Brenda Dermody and Teresa Breathnach’s Ruud Linssen which is printed in the chatting, laughing, joking, learning, seminar on Retro Type and Design - based author’s blood! drinking and socialising. The Irish on their successful book “New Retro: contingent was well represented by Classic Graphics, Today’s Designs” they Saturday’s Keynote speaker was Ellen speakers and delegates such as Mathew describe how the relationships between Lupton who discussed the role of designer, Staunton, Wendy Williams, Michael graphic design, the conditions that surround typography and author - Ms Lupton even Everson, Brenda Dermody, Treasa it and the need to communicate leave it managed to get a Jedward reference onto Breanach, Ciaran O’Gara, Linda King, best placed to express the style of an era her talk and remain credible! Saturday Dermot McGuinne, Dave Smith, Lisa and how to keep these references authentic. ended with a reception for AtypI delegates Godson, Daragh O’Toole, John O’Connor, in the Guinness Storehouse, which was a Hilary Kenna, Keiran Corcoran, Louise Later on, we were treated to a light perfect opportunity to sit down have a pint, Reddy, John Greene, Mary-Ann and Bill heaRTÉd and entertaining exchange a chat and a laugh with both speakers and Bolger, Ed McGinley, Conor Clark, Stephen between Mathew Staunton and Hrant fellow delegates. Kavanagh, Naoise Ó Conchubhair, Ann Papazian on the evolution of Armenian Brady and of course Clare Bell. I’m sure and Irish typography. Which was both Needless to say, by Sunday morning, we there are a few I missed! surprising and good fun! were all tired! Fortunately, the morning staRTÉd with a relaxed AGM in where a Anyone who was at AtypI or Preface would Hrant Papazian later moderated a number of Special Interest Group were agree it was a great event and we owe our discussion forum with Erik Spiekermann, formed, including one to categorise gratitude to Clare Bell, Mary-Ann Bolger , David Berlow, Nina the Gaelic face as proposed by Michael and all those who worked behind the Stössinger, Fiona Ross and André Everson. Seminars continued with Todd scenes to bring AtypI to Dublin. Baldinger on “Managing multiplicity” in Childers, Associate Professor of Graphic which the theme of individual creative Design, Bowling Green State University Further reading: Clockwise: Ellen Lupton, Todd Childers, process of type design was debated. School of Art discussing the used of http://www.atypi.org Woodtype at the National Print Museum, Later, the theme of collaboration was Dimensional Type in both printed, 3D and http://www.myfonts.de/2010/09/atypi- Marian Bantjes, André Baldinger and Erik Spiekermann, Martin Majoor and Jos discussed in further by Martin Majoor and virtual forms. Later Pamela Bowman and tag-1/ Buivenga discussing collaboration. Jos Buivenga where both renowned type Claire Lockwood from the Institute of Arts http://www.myfonts.de/2010/09/atypi- designers treated us to a preview of their at Sheffield Hallam University discussed tag-2/ joint type design project called Questa. Typography and craft in Graphic Design http://www.myfonts.de/2010/09/preface/ education and how there has been and http://fontfeed.com/archives/looking-back- Bas Jacobs, from Underware delivered identified a shift in terms of student on-atypi-2010-dublin-the-word/ one of the most curious talks of the expectations and decision making around weekend, themed on voluntary suffering. their educational choices. ratio: 12 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 13 :ratio Spotlight: Una Burke

How & when did you get into fashion design? certainly prepared me for the real world Nars himself. And the third would have I always had an interest in Fashion as my which can be even tougher. to be meeting David Bailey and his lovely mother made clothes for myself and my wife Catherine, they’re both really lovely sisters all of the time when we were kids. What was your first job? people. I got to chat with them when I She had a cupboard full of fabrics and After finishing my Diploma in Fashion delivered my collection to his London she taught me to use the sewing machine Design in 2001, I decided to take a year studio for an editorial and still life shoot when I was only about five years old I out to really get to know the industry and that he did for the November 2010 issue think. I loved art particularly in secondary to find my area of focus for the remaining of i-D magazine. I’m hoping that showing school and I became more and more year of my studies. My first job during my new collection during London and inclined towards fashion design when this time was with Edmond Chesneau in Fashion Weeks will be something I staRTÉd to have weird sort of dreams Bennettsbridge in Kilkenny. Here I worked that I can add to that list of highlights this about it while my mind was drifting off to in the production area of the studio coming September. sleep at night. where I learned a lot about the handling and grading of leather as well as cutting, Where can we see your pieces? Where did you study? embossing, skiving, hammering, stitching My work will be featuring in a photography, I began my studies in Art and Design at and all of the other essential knowledge film and fashion exhibition called “Sand Limerick School of Art and Design straight regarding working with leather that I use People”, June 14th-18th 2010, which after I finished my Leaving Certificate to this day. will be showing as part of “10 Festival in 1998. While many of my college for Fashion & Photography” in , classmates had done portfolio courses What did you do next? . For more information check out I had been guided and encouraged to After nine months working at Chesneau the Sand People film trailer here… http:// do my portfolio by a young art teacher Design I moved to London to work with www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_eODy7pnwY in my secondary school, called Sylvia Philip Treacy for the summer months Corcoran. Only for her I don’t know how before I headed back to do my final It will also be appearing in several I would have done it. I skipped two or Degree year. I was interested in the magazines between now and next three weeks from my school classes to sculptural nature of Philip Treacy’s work September, including Harpers Bazaar do my portfolio in order to apply for art and enjoyed the experience of living in (Russian), Amica (Italian), Flair (Italian), courses. It wasn’t an easy choice for my London as it opened my mind to many Idol (UK), Iconography (International), mother and Father to let me take this time ideas and possibilities. Sang Bleu (), Zink (USA), out from school as my mum was a Home Haute (USA), Dazed and Confused (UK), Economics teacher at the time and she Career Highlights? 125 (UK), Vixen (Norway), Ribbed (UK), knew the consequences of missing classes Well there have been so many highlights LABB (UK) and POP (UK) at such a crucial time during my Leaving so far that I can only narrow it down to Cert year. It paid off though and I was three. The first of these would have to fortunate enough to have a choice of three be when I was featured on Vogue Italia’s or four art college offers to choose from website as one of the favourite new in the end. Limerick was my first choice designers of the incredible New York of Art courses as the Fashion Department stylist, Patti Wilson. The second was had, and still has, a particularly great seeing Daphne Guinness wearing my reputation for winning awards and hooded bodysuit for Nars Cosmetics A/W producing successful graduates. I found 10 ad Campaign which was styled by Patti the course difficult sometimes but that Wilson and photographed by Francois ratio: 14 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 15 :ratio www.idi-design.ie

What’s next?

It’s up to you! We would be delighted to hear any suggestions or feedback you have on Ratio and if you would like to submit a piece for future issues please email [email protected]

A big thanks to everyone who participated in this issue. ratio: 16 A publication by the Institute of Designers in Ireland Issue 3, November 2010. 17 :ratio