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University of Toronto Archives and Record Management Services Finding Aids – Martin L. Friedland fonds Contains the following accessions: B1998-0006 (pp. 2-149) B2002-0022 (pp. 150-248) B2002-0023 (pp 249-280) B2008-0033 and B2014-0020 (pp. 281-352) To navigate to a particular accession, use the bookmarks in the PDF file University of Toronto Archives Martin L. Friedland Personal Records Finding Aid November 1998 Accession No. B1998–0006 Prepared by Martin L. Friedland With revisions by Harold Averill University of Toronto Archives Accession Number Provenance B1998-0006 Friedland, Martin L. Martin Lawrence Friedland – A biographical sketch Note: Reference should also be made to Friedland’s curriculum vitae and the address on his receiving the Molson Prize in 1995, both of which are appended to the end of the accompanying finding aid. Martin Friedland was born in Toronto in 1932. He was educated at the University of Toronto, in commerce and finance (BCom 1955) and law (LLB 1958), where he was the gold medallist in his graduating year. He continued his academic training at Cambridge University, from which he received his PhD in 1967. Dr. Friedland’s career has embraced several areas where he has utilized his knowledge of commerce and finance as well as of law. He has been a university professor and administrator, a shaper of public policy in Canada through his involvement with provincial and federal commissions, committees and task forces, and is an author of international standing. Dr. Friedland was called to the Ontario Bar in 1960. His contribution to the formation of public policy in Canada began with his earliest research, a study of gambling in Ontario (1961). Over the next few years his work as a legal associate, consultant, and committee member helped shape the Ontario Securities Act (1965), the Ontario Legal Aid Act (1966), the Ontario Regional Detention Centres Act (1967) and the Ontario Provincial Courts Act (1968). As a member of the Federal Task Force on the Canadian Corporations Act (1967-1968), Dr. Friedland contributed to the Canadian Business Corporations Act which was finally passed in 1974. In 1971 Dr. Friedland was appointed a full-time commissioner of the Law Reform Commission of Canada, serving only one year before returning to Toronto as Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto. His study on access to the law was published in 1975 and he continued to do work for the Commission into the 1980s, especially on national security and criminal codification. In the 1990s he contributed to the discussion on the formation of a new Law Commission. In 1975 Dr. Friedland served as a consultant to the Solicitor General of Canada’s Task Force on Gun Control and authored a background study on the subject. He has retained his interest and involvement in the issue as it has unfolded in the 1990s. Appointed in 1977 to hear cases under the Ontario Human Rights Act, he sat on a number of boards of inquiry until 1995, when his contract was not renewed. From 1978 to 1980 he was a consultant to the McDonald Commission during its enquiry into the activities of the RCMP and national security, for which he prepared another background study. The result was the Canadian Security and Intelligence Act of 1984. In the 1980s he served as a consultant to the Canadian Sentencing Commission and to the Law Reform Commission of Canada. The principal issues he addressed were the sentencing structure, a review of the Criminal Code, and offences against public order. In 1987-1988 he chaired the Ontario Task Force on the controversial issues of inflation Martin Lawrence Friedland – A biographical sketch protection for employment pension plans. Though legislation was introduced, the report was not, in the end, implemented. In 1989 he took part in the Royal Society of Canada’s study on tobacco, nicotine and addiction and began serving part-time on the Ontario Securities Commission (until 1991). In 1992 the Canadian Judicial Council commissioned Dr. Friedland to undertake a study of judicial independence and accountability in Canada, on which a report was issued in 1995. He also served as a consultant to the Somalia Inquiry (1995-1997) and to the Attorney General of Ontario on a possible Court Services Agency (1996-1997). In July 1997, at the request of its chair, he submitted a study on the governance of legal aid to the Ontario Legal Aid Review Committee. While carrying out these public duties, Dr. Friedland established an impressive record as an academic. His career began at the Osgoode Hall Law School in 1961 but in 1965 he returned to his alma mater as an associate professor in the Faculty of Law. He was promoted to full professor in 1968 and dean in 1972, a position he held for seven years. During his sabbatical in 1979-1980 he was Visiting Professor successively at the faculties of law in the Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University, and at the Institute of Criminology at Clare Hall, Cambridge University. In 1984 he was cross-appointed to the Centre of Criminology and made a University Professor in 1985. He is a fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and from 1986 to 1989 was director of its Law and Society Program. He served as acting dean of the Faculty of Law in 1995 and retired in 1998. Dr. Friedland has played a very active role in university governance. He was elected a member of the President’s Council in 1969, the same year that he began chairing the Commission on University Government Programming Committee. This committee reviewed the University of Toronto’s governing structure, resulting in the replacement of the bicameral system (Board of Governors and Senate) with a unicameral one (Governing Council). Other committee activity in the 1960s and the 1970s include the Human Experimentation Committee (1965-1970), the Presidential Tenure Review hearings (chair, 1973-1975), the Governing Council (1974-1976) and the Research Board (1973-1976). Since 1978 he has been a member (chair from 1995) of the manuscript review committee of the University of Toronto Press and, from 1992, a member of its Board of Directors. In the 1980s Dr. Friedland was a member of the Academic Affairs Committee of the Governing Council (1982-1983), of the Board of Directors of the University Settlement House (1982-1988), and chair of the Provost’s Committee on the Department of Architecture (1984). He has been a senior fellow of Massey College since 1985 and in 1991 served on the Presidential Commission on Conflicts of Interest. Dr. Friedland has been much sought after as a public speaker and is a prolific author. “Many of his writings have been cited and relied upon in legal research and judicial decisions throughout the common law world.” He has published numerous articles, beginning with several, while still an undergraduate, in the University of Toronto Law Journal. These reflect his interest in such subjects as law reform, legal history, access to the law, gun control, and judicial independence. He has also published sixteen books. His first book, Detention before trial, a study of the bail system in Canada, appeared in 1965. It marked the first time a professor of law in Canada had gathered empirical evidence on the workings of the justice system and it led directly to the Bail Reform Act of 1971. Martin Lawrence Friedland – A biographical sketch Friedland’s second book, Double jeopardy (1969), was based on his doctoral thesis. Courts and trials (1975), an interdisciplinary series of lectures given in 1972-73, was designed to show the link between professionalism and the academic study of law. Access to the law (also 1975), prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, was written as a first step in making the law accessible to non-lawyers. Friedland’s interest in law reform also resulted in A century of criminal justice: perspectives on the development of Canadian law (1984), which ranged beyond law reform to include various issues on criminal justice. National security: the legal dimensions (also 1984) arose from Friedland’s involvement with the McDonald Commission. A Canadian Institute for Advanced Research project that began in 1985 produced three studies. Sanctions and rewards in the legal system resulted from papers given at a 1986 symposium. The specific issues, ranging from tax compliance to family violence and prostitution, from the second stage of the project were written up as Regulating traffic safety (with Friedland as a co-author) and Securing compliance: seven case studies, both of which appeared in 1990. Dr. Friedland’s casebook, Cases and materials on criminal law and procedure, first appeared in September, 1967. Between then and 1997 U of T Press and Emond Montgomery put out eight editions. Another volume emanating from the University of Toronto was Rough justice: essays on crime in literature. It began as a seminar organized with the Department of English in 1986. The material was polished in later seminars and the book appeared in 1991. Dr. Friedland has written three true crime books. The Trials of Israel Lipski (1984), about a Polish Jew hanged for murder in London in 1887, won the Crime Writers of Canada Award for Non-fiction and piqued the interest of filmmakers. An early twentieth century Canadian trial is featured in The Case of Valentine Shortis (1986). It, too, had film potential, but the untimely death of the National Film Board’s proposed director derailed the project. The death of Old Man Rice (1994), about the 1902 trail for the murder of the founder of Rice University, added an American component to Dr. Friedland’s crime stories; it also aroused considerable interest.