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VOLCANIC EVIDENCE: for a COMPOSITIONAL CONTRA ST in the LITHOSPHERIC UPPER MANTLE ACROSS the TINTINA Treneh, SOUTHEASTERN YUKON, CANADA

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VOLCANIC EVIDENCE: for a COMPOSITIONAL CONTRA ST in the LITHOSPHERIC UPPER MANTLE ACROSS the TINTINA Treneh, SOUTHEASTERN YUKON, CANADA • VOLCANIC EVIDENCE: FOR A COMPOSITIONAL CONTRA ST IN THE LITHOSPHERIC UPPER MANTLE ACROSS THE TINTINA TRENeH, SOUTHEASTERN YUKON, CANADA Valérie Hasik McGill University, Montréal June 1994 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the M.Sc. degree in Geology • ©V.H.1994 Nom ~t) L-É.R1 é: ~ ~c~~~< Dissertallon Absfracls Infernallonal est organIsé en catégories de su(ets VeuIllez svp choisir le sUlet qui décrit le mieux votre thèse et rnswvez le code numérique approprié dans l'espace -éservé cI-dessous 0lFI 1 S; .1 b lF" [olsl-1)21 U·MI SUJET CODE DE SUJET CatégO!"t!5 par sujets HUMANI,jS II' SCIINCES SOCIALES COMMUNICATIONS ET US ARTS lecture 0535 tHIlOSOPtlIE, RELIGION ET AnCIenne 0579 Arrh,lodure 0729 Mathem<J"que, 0280 H OlOGIE Medievale 0581 Bwu. orl, 0357 MUSique 0522 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l'sychometTlI' 06~:2 ~~ ,~ • ABSTRACT In the southeastem Yukon Terntory, Quatemary continental alkaline basalts have entpted across an important crustal suture, the Tintina Trench, whlch separates the accreted terranes of the Canadmn Cordlllera l'rom the ancestral i\lorth Amencan craton. The lavas from the Ranchena region l'rom the WC1>t 1>ldc of the TlntlJl ,\ Trench are basamtes (BASAN), alkahne olivine basalts (AOB), and hyper~thenc-normatlve ba~d,J'~ (HYN). They display fractionated rare earth element (REE) profIle!'. and are ennched ln ligh\ rare earth clements (LREE) and hlgh field strength clements (HFSE). The composltlonal sp;ctra of the Rancheria alkalme magmas appear'f to represent the progressive meltlng of an amp'l\lbole-bearing gamet Iherzohte. The involvement of amphibole ln the petrogenesis of the Rancheri,\\ alkahne magmas indicates that these magmas were generaied withm the lithosphere. At t,le easten, end of the Ranchena SUIte, on the east slde of the Tintina Trench, the AOB from Watson Lake ha\/,( higher Zr contents than Rancheria AOB to the west of the Trench. The hlgh Zr contents of the Watson Lake AOB are simllar to those observed in the Hoole Eocene tholeiitic basalts, on the east slde of the Tmtma Trench, further to the north. The Eocene basalts from the Hoole River region are olivme tholeIÏtes whlch have experienced c1osed-systcm crystal fractionation of olivine at \ow pressure. The cstimated pnmary magma for the!>e Eocene basalts appears to have been denved by partial melting of an mcompatlble-element enriched lithosphenc mantle source, durmg whlch gamet was not a residual phase. The Nb - Zr systematics of the Watson Lake basalts mdlcate that the y may be derived by mlxmg between melts produced by melting of an amphlbole-beanng residue and a lithosphenc mantle similar in composition to that of the Hoole basalts. Therefore, these compositlOnal dlfferences in the alkaline basalts across the Tmtina Trench appear to reflect the Juxtaposition of chemically distinct • continental Iithosphenc mantles, mdlcating that the Tlntlna Fault is a steep lithospheric suture . • RESUME Dans le sud-est du Territoire du Yukon, des basaltes alcalins contin~ntaux d'âge Quaternaire ont érupté de part et d'autre d'une importante suture crustale, la faille Tinlma, qui sépare les terranes accrétionnés de la CordJllière canadienne de l'anclcn craton de l' Amélll)ue du Nord. Les laves de la région de Ranchena à l'ouest dc la l'mile TlIltltla sont dc!'> ha~allltes (BASAN), des basaltes alcalins à oltvme (AOS) ct des ba~altes normattfs en hyper~tht:nc (IIYN). Ils montrent des profils de terres rare5 fractionnés et sont enrichiS l'Il terres rares légèrei'! ct l'n éléments à charge ionique élevée. Le spectre des compositions dei'! magma .. alcalll1!'\ de la légion ete Rancheria semble représenter la fusion progressive d'une Iherzolitc à grenat et amphlhole. La présence d'amphibole dans la pétrogénèse des basaltes alcalins de Ranchena néccs!'\ite que ces basaltes soient prodUits dans le manteau lithosphériq'le. A l' extrémité e~t de la ~lIIte de Ranchena, du coté est de la fmlle de Tmtma, les basaltes a1calm~ à ohvine (AOB) de Wati'!on Lake ont des abondances en Zr plus élevées que celles des AOB dL Ranchena à l'ouest dl' la failli!.
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