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Sustainability Appraisal Goring Neighbourhood Plan Publication Version

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Sustainability Appraisal Goring Neighbourhood Plan Publication Version Sustainability Appraisal Goring Neighbourhood Plan Publication Version Page intentionally left blank Goring Neighbourhood Plan Sustainability Appraisal Publication Version Page 3 of 214 Contents 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 5 2 INTRODUCTION – PURPOSE AND PROCESS 33 3 THE SUSTAINABILITY CONTEXT FOR GORING 37 4 PLAN OVERVIEW 45 5 SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES 51 6 ASSESSMENT OF REASONABLE ALTERNATIVES – strategic issues, site options, spatial alternatives 55 7 ASSESSMENT OF PLAN SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES AGAINST PLAN POLICIES 85 8 MONITORING, REVIEW AND DELIVERY 87 Appendix. A - Details of Policy Context 89 Appendix. B - Details of Goring’s Sustainability Context 99 Appendix. C - SA Scoping Report Sustainability Framework and Draft Sustainability Objectives 143 Appendix. D - Scoping Report – Consultee Feedback 144 Appendix. E - Results of Community Consultations 151 Appendix. F - Site Selection Objectives, Criteria and Measures (OCMs) 157 Appendix. G - Process for Developing an SEA/SA 166 Appendix. H - SODC’s Landscape Assessments 168 Appendix. I - Plan Objectives, Policies and Actions 175 Appendix. J - Site-Specific Requirements 190 Appendix. K - Monitoring Framework 197 Appendix. L - AECOM Confirmation 203 Appendix. M - Glossary 205 Appendix. N - Endnotes 211 Goring Neighbourhood Plan Sustainability Appraisal Publication Version Page 4 of 214 Page intentionally left blank Goring Neighbourhood Plan Sustainability Appraisal Publication Version Page 5 of 214 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Sustainability Appraisal Report (incorporating the Strategic Environmental Assessment) is to provide an assessment of any significant environmental, social and economic effects resulting from the policies and proposals of the Submission version of the Goring-on-Thames Parish Neighbourhood Plan. The designated Neighbourhood Plan Area coincides with the parish boundary. The Neighbourhood Plan (the Plan) has been released for consultation by the Parish Council (GPC) under the Neighbourhood Planning Regulations 2012. The District Council issued a screening opinion requiring an SEA. GPC has met this obligation by preparing a Sustainability Appraisal (SA) under the Environmental Assessment of Plans & Programmes Regulations 2004 which was consulted on for the statutory six-week period alongside the Pre-Submission Plan in October–December 2017. The comments made on both documents were analysed and appropriate modifications made. In addition, AECOM was commissioned to advise on the Regulation 14 and Regulation 16 version of the document and have confirmed that this SA report presents the required information in relation to: “An appraisal of the Plan and reasonable alternatives” (Regulation (12(2)); “An outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt with” (Schedule 2(2)). The essence of the overall Planning strategy for the District has been, and will continue to be, to focus development on the main towns, new strategic development areas and larger villages of the District and to maintain the rural character of the open countryside that makes up the majority of the area. The Parish does not lie within an area planned for significant growth and is currently considered a ‘large village’. SUSTAINABILITY CONTEXT OF GORING Goring is located in the County of Oxfordshire and is 19 miles from Oxford, 10 miles from Didcot and 11 miles from Reading in Berkshire. Transport links include the Great Western Railway’s local stopping service to Oxford, Reading and London. The village of Goring lies within one of the most protected landscapes in the country, located entirely within the Chilterns Area of Natural Beauty (AONB) and directly facing the North Wessex Downs AONB on the west bank of the River Thames. Goring’s location, at the point where the Thames flows through the narrow gap between the Chilterns and Berkshire Downs, is in a natural valley containing a substantial amount of floodplain. Goring is joined with Streatley in Berkshire by an iconic bridge across the river. This location is both part of its charm and the reason for its protected status, but it is also a significant constraint to large amounts of new development. The whole area is known nationally as the Goring Gap and is a beautiful and biodiversity rich locality. AONBs are designated by the government to ensure that the special qualities of England’s finest landscapes are conserved and enhanced. In terms of planning policy, they have the same status as National Parks. Their legal framework is provided by statute which places a duty on relevant authorities (including Local Authorities) to ‘have regard to the purpose of conserving and enhancing the natural beauty of the AONB’ when ‘exercising or performing any functions in relation to, or so as to affect, land in an AONB.’ This includes the selection of new sites for development and the design and mitigation of these sites. In addition to the clear guidance in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), there are many statutory policies to protect and conserve the AONB setting of Goring and its Goring Neighbourhood Plan Sustainability Appraisal Publication Version Page 6 of 214 Conservation Areas. These are summarised in Section 3 of this SA and in more detail in Appendix A. They include the Chilterns AONB Management Plan, North Wessex Downs AONB Management Plan, saved policies from South Oxfordshire District Council’s Local Plan 2011 and Core Strategy 2012. The evidence and strategies behind the Emerging Local Plan 2033 have also been taken into account. The surroundings of AONBs are important to their landscape character and quality. Proposals that affect views into and out of an AONB need to be carefully assessed to ensure that they conserve and, if possible, enhance its natural beauty and landscape character. There are five distinct landscape areas in Goring which each have different characteristics but together form the unique landscape and visual amenity of the Goring Gap. To the south east of the village is open escarpment and farmland, to the east is an open hill top overlooking Goring with wooded valleys beyond. To the north east is wooded countryside, opening up to rolling farmland with bare hill tops to the north, while the river on the western border is characterised by tree-lined meadow land. Each area is highly visible and contributes in its own way to the beauty of the landscape and setting of the Chiltern AONB, the setting and character of the River Thames and the North Wessex Downs AONB and their appreciation by residents and visitors. Most potential development sites for housing allocations will be on greenfield sites on the periphery of the village. They are likely to be Five unique landscape areas of Goring highly visible over an extremely wide area. They must be carefully and sensitively selected to have the least damaging effect on landscape character and visual amenity and minimise harm to the wider environment and river setting. The richness of Goring’s heritage is well demonstrated by the fact that it has an extensive archaeological record, contains two Conservation Areas and 29 listed buildings and structures. They, and other non-designated heritage assets, play a significant role in defining the appearance and character of the parish. Goring Conservation Area was designated in 1978 and extended in 1988; Gatehampton Conservation Area was designated in 1984. At the Census in 2011 the population of Goring was 3,187. Assuming it has grown since then in line with the national average of 2.2%, the population at the time of this report is estimated to be over 3,250. The Census recorded 1,491 dwellings, concentrated in Goring itself, in Cleeve to the north and in Gatehampton to the south. About one in three of these are occupied by retired or semi- retired people, many of whom brought their young families to Goring during the 1960s and 1970s to occupy major new housing developments. Goring Neighbourhood Plan Sustainability Appraisal Publication Version Page 7 of 214 The Census shows that 31.7% of Goring residents were aged 65 or over, the highest percentage in South Oxfordshire and almost double the national average (See Appendix B 3.2). This may be a consequence of the higher than average number of dwellings/units for older people in the village (See Appendix B3.3). In contrast, in 2011 there were 525 young people aged 0 to 15, which, at 16.5% is below the SODC ratio of 19.2% and the ratio for England of 18.9%. This age profile has an important bearing on the social and economic sustainability of the village and on the housing need going forward. As outlined above, for many reasons Goring is a sustainable, attractive and sought-after location. It has a high percentage of large properties, 45% with four or more bedrooms. As a consequence, housing in Goring is expensive by UK and Oxfordshire standards, making it difficult for young people and lower-income groups to buy a property in the village. The implications of these figures for the future balance of housing in the village are clear. There is a need for new dwellings that are lower in cost and smaller in size to widen the housing mix. Average home values (Source Zoopla 2017) PLAN OVERVIEW While its location in the AONB and proximity to the Thames places statutory and physical constraints on development, these constraints do not prevent all development in the AONB. The neighbourhood plan is required to take a balanced view which supports the strategic priorities of the local plan and does not promote less development than set out in the local plan, while at the same time giving great weight to conserving the landscape and scenic beauty of the AONB, and in the case of Goring, steering development away from areas of flood risk. The Plan has identified ALL available development sites where the harm to the AONB and potential flood risk can be mitigated sufficiently. To support this, the Plan has commissioned expert analysis in areas of Landscape and Visual Impact, Biodiversity and Habitats and Flood Risk Management.
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