Journalism Is the Craft of Conveying News, Descriptive Material and Comment Via a Widening Spectrum of Media
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Journalism is the craft of conveying news, descriptive material and comment via a widening spectrum of media. These include newspapers, magazines, radio and television, the internet and even, more recently, the cellphone. Journalists—be they writers, editors or photographers; broadcast presenters or producers—serve as the chief purveyors of information and opinion in contemporary mass society According to BBC journalist, Andrew Marr, "News is what the consensus of journalists determines it to be." From informal beginnings in the Europe of the 18th century, stimulated by the arrival of mechanized printing—in due course by mass production and in the 20th century by electronic communications technology— today's engines of journalistic enterprise include large corporations with global reach. The formal status of journalism has varied historically and, still varies vastly, from country to country. The modern state and hierarchical power structures in general have tended to see the unrestricted flow of information as a potential threat, and inimical to their own proper function. Hitler described the Press as a "machine for mass instruction," ideally, a "kind of school for adults." Journalism at its most vigorous, by contrast, tends to be propelled by the implications at least of the attitude epitomized by the Australian journalist John Pilger: "Secretive power loathes journalists who do their job, who push back screens, peer behind façades, lift rocks. Opprobrium from on high is their badge of honour." New journalism New Journalism was the name given to a style of 1960s and 1970s news writing and journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time. The term was codified with its current meaning by Tom Wolfe in a 1973 collection of journalism articles. It is typified by using certain devices of literary fiction, such as conversational speech, first- person point of view, recording everyday details and telling the story using scenes. Though it seems undisciplined at first, new journalism maintains elements of reporting including strict adherence to factual accuracy and the writer being the primary source. To get "inside the head" of a character, the journalist asks the subject what they were thinking or how they felt. Because of its unorthodox style, new journalism is typically employed in feature writing or book-length reporting projects. Many new journalists are also writers of fiction and prose. In addition to Wolfe, writers whose work has fallen under the title "new journalism" include Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson, Joan Didion, Truman Capote, George Plimpton and Gay Talese. Radio Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light.[1] Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase. When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. This can be detected and transformed into sound or other signals that carry information. Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks and mobile communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Before the advent of television, commercial radio broadcasts included not only news and music, but dramas, comedies, variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment. Radio was unique among methods of dramatic presentation in that it used only sound. For more, see radio programming. Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi in September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Till 1975, seven Indian cities had television service and Doordarshan remained the only television channel in India. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. Each office of All India Radio and Doordarshan were placed under the management of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally Doordarshan as a National Broadcaster came into existence Nationwide Telecast Doordarshan headquarters, Parliament Street, New Delhi National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market with the live telecast of the Independence Day speech by then prime minister Indira Gandhi on 15 August 1982, followed by the 1982 Asian Games being held in Delhi. Now more than 90 percent of the Indian population can receive Doordarshan (DD National) programmes through a network of nearly 1400 terrestrial transmitters and about 46 Doordarshan studios produce TV programs today. TELEVISION Television (TV) is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming or television transmission. The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots, meaning "far sight": Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin visio, sight (from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first person). Commercially available since the late 1930s, the television set has become a common communications receiver in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a source of entertainment and news. Since the 1970s the availability of video cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDs and now Blu-ray discs, have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. Although other forms such as closed-circuit television are in use, the most common usage of the medium is for broadcast television, which was modeled on the existing radio broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV receivers. IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON SOCIETY Whether being a space traveler or time traveling back to the Medieval Times, television has brought our biggest dreams or fears to life on the screen. How many people could honestly say that they have never wanted to be one of their favorite television personalities before, whether being Jack Bauer on TV’s 24 saving the world every hour on the hour or perhaps ones’ favorite soap opera star? “Today, the average American watches close to four hours of TV each day. Based on this, by age 65, the average U.S. citizen will have spent nearly 9, nonstop, 24 hour-a-day years glued to the tube (, 2006).” But what effect is this made believe world of violence, sex, and rudimentary behavior having on our society? (Summary) Television has been around since the 1930’s though it did not really catch on until the 1950’s. In fact the number of television sets in America alone increased by millions in the first twenty years. Television has been seen as the most effective way of reaching out and influencing the most individuals at any point. Television has had a major effect on the way people view politics and politicians have used this as a major forum to run their platforms and send their messages. Television though also has been keyed as the reason why there is as much violence as there is in society today. The main concern of the impact has to lie on the impact that it is having on children and how they perceive the world. (Paraphrase) Children today are watching television in alarmingly increasing doses. Of course, the impacts are hard to determine due to the variety of factors that need to be examined. Some of the main points to be examined are whether or not parents are with the children and if they talk with them about what they are seeing, the lengths of time children spend watching television, how old the children are, and how... Newspaper A newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, and coupons. Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one particular geographic area where most of their readers live. Despite recent setbacks in circulation and profits, newspapers are still the most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism. Features a newspaper may include are: • Editorial opinions and op-eds • Obituaries • Comic strips and other entertainment, such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes • Weather news and forecasts • Advice, gossip, food and other columns • Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. • Classified ads • This is a list of newspapers in India, listing newspapers printed and published in India…. • E nglish Language • Gujarati Language • Hindi Language • Kannada language • Kashmiri Language • Malayalam Language • Manipuri Language • Marathi Language • Mizo language • Nepali Language • Oriya Language • Punjabi Language • Tamil Language • Telugu Language • Tibetan Language INDIAN CINEMA India is the world's largest producer of films, producing close to a thousand films annually. About 600 of the total films produced are in Telugu and Hindi, approximately 300 each, while the remaining