sign in sign up
<<
Home , Jabbar Patel, Telugu cinema

Journalism is the craft of conveying news, descriptive material and comment via a widening spectrum of media. These include newspapers, magazines, radio and television, the internet and even, more recently, the cellphone. Journalists—be they writers, editors or photographers; broadcast presenters or producers—serve as the chief purveyors of information and opinion in contemporary mass society According to BBC journalist, Andrew Marr, "News is what the consensus of journalists determines it to be." From informal beginnings in the Europe of the 18th century, stimulated by the arrival of mechanized printing—in due course by mass production and in the 20th century by electronic communications technology— today's engines of journalistic enterprise include large corporations with global reach. The formal status of journalism has varied historically and, still varies vastly, from country to country. The modern state and hierarchical power structures in general have tended to see the unrestricted flow of information as a potential threat, and inimical to their own proper function. Hitler described the Press as a "machine for mass instruction," ideally, a "kind of school for adults." Journalism at its most vigorous, by contrast, tends to be propelled by the implications at least of the attitude epitomized by the Australian journalist John Pilger: "Secretive power loathes journalists who do their job, who push back screens, peer behind façades, lift rocks. Opprobrium from on high is their badge of honour."

New journalism New Journalism was the name given to a style of 1960s and 1970s news writing and journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time. The term was codified with its current meaning by Tom Wolfe in a 1973 collection of journalism articles. It is typified by using certain devices of literary fiction, such as conversational speech, first- person point of view, recording everyday details and telling the story using scenes. Though it seems undisciplined at first, new journalism maintains elements of reporting including strict adherence to factual accuracy and the writer being the primary source. To get "inside the head" of a character, the journalist asks the subject what they were thinking or how they felt. Because of its unorthodox style, new journalism is typically employed in feature writing or book-length reporting projects. Many new journalists are also writers of fiction and prose. In addition to Wolfe, writers whose work has fallen under the title "new journalism" include Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson, Joan Didion, Truman Capote, George Plimpton and Gay Talese. Radio Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light.[1] Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase. When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. This can be detected and transformed into sound or other signals that carry information. Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks and mobile communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Before the advent of television, commercial radio broadcasts included not only news and music, but dramas, comedies, variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment. Radio was unique among methods of dramatic presentation in that it used only sound. For more, see radio programming.

Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi in September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Till 1975, seven Indian cities had television service and Doordarshan remained the only television channel in India. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. Each office of All India Radio and Doordarshan were placed under the management of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally Doordarshan as a National Broadcaster came into existence Nationwide Telecast

Doordarshan headquarters, Parliament Street, New Delhi National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market with the live telecast of the Independence Day speech by then prime minister Indira Gandhi on 15 August 1982, followed by the 1982 Asian Games being held in Delhi. Now more than 90 percent of the Indian population can receive Doordarshan (DD National) programmes through a network of nearly 1400 terrestrial transmitters and about 46 Doordarshan studios produce TV programs today.

TELEVISION

Television (TV) is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming or television transmission. The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots, meaning "far sight": Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin visio, sight (from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first person). Commercially available since the late 1930s, the television set has become a common communications receiver in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a source of entertainment and news. Since the 1970s the availability of video cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDs and now Blu-ray discs, have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. Although other forms such as closed-circuit television are in use, the most common usage of the medium is for broadcast television, which was modeled on the existing radio broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV receivers. IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON SOCIETY Whether being a space traveler or time traveling back to the Medieval Times, television has brought our biggest dreams or fears to life on the screen. How many people could honestly say that they have never wanted to be one of their favorite television personalities before, whether being Jack Bauer on TV’s 24 saving the world every hour on the hour or perhaps ones’ favorite soap opera star? “Today, the average American watches close to four hours of TV each day. Based on this, by age 65, the average U.S. citizen will have spent nearly 9, nonstop, 24 hour-a-day years glued to the tube (, 2006).” But what effect is this made believe world of violence, sex, and rudimentary behavior having on our society? (Summary) Television has been around since the 1930’s though it did not really catch on until the 1950’s. In fact the number of television sets in America alone increased by millions in the first twenty years. Television has been seen as the most effective way of reaching out and influencing the most individuals at any point. Television has had a major effect on the way people view politics and politicians have used this as a major forum to run their platforms and send their messages. Television though also has been keyed as the reason why there is as much violence as there is in society today. The main concern of the impact has to lie on the impact that it is having on children and how they perceive the world. (Paraphrase) Children today are watching television in alarmingly increasing doses. Of course, the impacts are hard to determine due to the variety of factors that need to be examined. Some of the main points to be examined are whether or not parents are with the children and if they talk with them about what they are seeing, the lengths of time children spend watching television, how old the children are, and how...

Newspaper

A newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, and coupons. Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one particular geographic area where most of their readers live. Despite recent setbacks in circulation and profits, newspapers are still the most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism. Features a newspaper may include are:

• Editorial opinions and op-eds • Obituaries • Comic strips and other entertainment, such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes • Weather news and forecasts • Advice, gossip, food and other columns • Critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. • Classified ads

• This is a list of newspapers in India, listing newspapers printed and published in India…. • E nglish Language • Gujarati Language • Language • Kannada language • Kashmiri Language • Malayalam Language • Manipuri Language • • Mizo language • Nepali Language • Oriya Language • Punjabi Language • • • Tibetan Language

INDIAN CINEMA

India is the world's largest producer of films, producing close to a thousand films annually. About 600 of the total films produced are in Telugu and Hindi, approximately 300 each, while the remaining are in other languages. However, Hindi films account for about half of the total revenue generated by cinema in India. The provision of 100% foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox, Sony Pictures, and Warner Bros. Prominent Indian enterprises such as Zee, UTV and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films.[ Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India, making the commercial presence of the medium felt. The Indian diaspora constitutes of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through mediums such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible. These earnings, accounting for some 12% of the revenue generated by a mainstream film, contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema, the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion US Dollars in 2000. Facilities for film production in the country include in , the home of Telugu , the largest complex in the world as certified by Guinness World Records.[14] Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator, with the music rights alone accounting for 4-5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. The Hindi language film industry of Mumbai— also known as —is the largest and most popular branch of Indian cinema. The term "Bollywood" is sometimes incorrectly applied to Indian cinema as a whole, especially outside South and the South Asian diaspora Bollywood initially explored issues of caste and culture in films such as Achhut Kanya (1936) and Sujata (1959). International visibility came to the industry with Raj Kapoor's Awara. Bollywood grew during the 1990s with the release of as many as 215 films in 1991. [ With Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Bollywood registered its commercial presence in the world. In 1995 the Indian economy began showing sustainable annual growth, and Bollywood, as a commercial enterprise, grew at a growth rate of 15% annually. With growth in commercial appeal the earnings of known Bollywood stars such as reached 30 million rupees per film by the year 2000.[13] Female stars such as and , too, earned as much as 12.5 million rupees for a film. Many actors signed contracts for simultaneous work in 3-4 films. Institutions such as the Industrial Development Bank of India also came forward to finance Bollywood films. A number of magazines such as Stardust, , Cineblitz etc. became popular.[78]

Regional industries

Marathi cinema Some of the earliest Indian filmmakers, such as Dadasaheb Phalke belonged to the state of , which is where Marathi cinema finds its audience Marathi cinema is marked by escapist trends which tend to cater to the common moviegoers and provide affordable entertainment Art cinema finds proponents in Jabbar Patel, Amol Palekar etc. In 1993 the Marathi industry's net output was 35 films However, this number declined to 25 in 1994 and finally to as low as 10 films per year in 1996.

Telugu cinema The Telugu film industry is having the great actor, NTR (Nandamoori Taraka RamaRao), is the only persion in the world acted as multi roles like 'Srikrishna', 'Rama', etc.... He is like the God for Andhra people. The Telugu language film industry of is currently the largest in India in terms of number of movies produced in a year. The state of Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of cinema halls in India. The IMAX theater in Hyderabad has a few world records to its credit. The industry has earned several Guinness records, including nods for the most films directed by male and female directors, the most films produced by a person and for having the largest film studio in the world. In addition, actor recently got a Guinness Record for acting in the highest number of films (750) in a single language, and was awarded the prestigious Padma Shree for his contribution to cinema.The Telugu cinema industry is based in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. In 2006, the Telugu film industry produced the largest number of films in India, with about 245 films produced that year. The largest film studio complex in the world - Ramoji Film City is in the outskirts of Hyderabad, the capital city of Andhra Pradesh.

The film industry of India comprises several smaller regional industries, each catering largely to a specific language audience. However, a significant degree of regional interaction is seen between the various regions as filmmakers and actors from one region often contribute to films meant for another region.[ Advertising Advertising is a form of communication used to help sell products and services. Typically it communicates a message including the name of the product or service and how that product or service could potentially benefit the consumer. However, advertising does typically attempt to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the "brand image". For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. There are many media used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the carrier bags, billboards, mail or post and Internet marketing. Today, new media such as digital signage is growing as a major new mass media. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. Organizations that frequently spend large sums of money on advertising that sells what is not, strictly speaking, a product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and military recruiters. Non- profit organizations are not typical advertising clients, and may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as public service announcements.[citation needed] Money spent on advertising has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2007, spending on advertising has been estimated at over $150 billion in the United Statesand $385 billion worldwide, and the latter to exceed $450 billion by 2010.[citation needed] While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Unsolicited Commercial Email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. In addition, advertising frequently uses psychological pressure (for example, appealing to feelings of inadequacy) on the intended consumer, which may be harmful. Types of advertising Television commercials The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The annual Super Bowl football game in the is known as the most prominent advertising event on television. The average cost of a single thirty- second TV spot during this game has reached US$3 million (as of 2009). The majority of television commercials feature a song or jingle that listeners soon relate to the product. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular television programming through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience. More controversially, virtual billboards may be inserted into the background where none exist in real-life. Virtual product placement is also possible. Celebrities This type of advertising focuses upon using celebrity power, fame, money, popularity to gain recognition for their products and promote specific stores or products. Advertisers often advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favourite products or wear clothes by specific brands or designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print adverts to advertise specific or general products.

Global advertising Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For global advertisers, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing economies of scale in the creative process, maximising local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the company’s speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel. Advertising research is key to determining the success of an ad in any country or region. The ability to identify which elements and/or moments of an ad that contributes to its success is how economies of scale are maximised. Once one knows what works in an ad, that idea or ideas can be imported by any other market. Market research measures, such as Flow of Attention, Flow of Emotion and branding moments provide insight into what is working in an ad in any country or region because the measures are based on the visual, not verbal, elements of the ad.