MAY 13, 1977 . 35 CENTS VOLUME 41/NUMBER 18

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE_ WORKING PEOPLE ·nuclear Cops jail1;400 in sit-in at Seabrook reactor site . -PAGE17

Intercontinental Press/Fred Murphy ·

-PAGE 3 Student demonstrations PUertO RICO's · face halt in rent hikes luture debated Juan Mari Bras presents case for independence -· PAGE 21 In Brief

DROWNING IN THE SECRETARIAL POOL: Several mob. In violation of Louisiana state law, Tyler-a juvenile­ THIS hundred clerical workers marked National Office Workers was sentenced to life imprisonment at Angola penitentiary. Day in New York with a noon rally April 27. National His mother, Juanita Tyler, is asking that protest letters be WEEK'S Secretaries Week was first proclaimed in 1952. According to sent urging the U.S. Supreme Court to hear an appeal on the Washington Post, it was an occasion for secretaries to this unconstitutional act. Write to the Clerk of Court, U.S. let. the "'business world know how proud they are of their Supreme Court, Washington, D.C., with copies to the Gary MILITANT profession, and the diversified opportunities it has given Tyler Defense Fund, Post Office Box 52223, New Orleans, 4 Steel-plant sales them for exciting, stimulating and challenging careers." Louisiana 70152. Juanita Tyler also says this is the address top 4,000 The militant New York crowd, however, protested sex of the only committee authorized to receive donations for 7 Feminists protest discrimination and told bosses to quit treating secretaries her son's defense. red-baiting like personal maids. The event, organized by Women Office Workers, included a contest on "ridiculous personal er­ SPY SCANDAL AT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVA­ 8 Racists OK busing rands." One entry said she was expected to fill in the tough NIA: A Penn Committee to End Campus Spying has been whites words in her boss's unfinished crossword puzzles. established following revelations in the March 7 Daily Pennsylvanian that for the past six or seven years the 13 Gay rights campus security office at the University of Pennsylvania supporters rally N.J. CHALLENGE TO ABORTION RIGHTS: New has maintained a forty-member "Student Auxiliary Squad" 14 Bilingual-bicultural Jersey Superior Court Justice Robert Clifford ordered a to spy on student groups. The student spies were paid out of federal funds allocated education nineteen-year-old unmarried woman not to have an abortion April 21. The women, Wendy Chasalow, had the abortion for work-study programs. According to the Daily Pennsyl­ 16 Southern labor: anyway, because Clifford's order did not reach her in time. vanian, at least some campus files were turned over to the the coming upsurge The ruling upheld a request to block the operation by FBI. More than eighty campus organizations and professors 18 'Nation' on dis­ John Rothenberger, the man who impregnated Chasalow. Earlier, Rothenberger's efforts to deny Chasalow's right to have endorsed a committee statement condemning the closure & harassment control her own body had been rejected by two lower courts. campus spying. 20 A turning point Rothenberger had argued that his rights as a father, as well Among those organizations participating in activities of for humanity as the rights of the six-week-old fetus, were being'violated the Penn Committee to End Campus Spying are the Black by Chasalow's decision. But the lower court judges dis­ Student League, the Revolutionary Student Brigade, and 21 FALN grand jury agreed. They said that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled the Young Socialist Alliance. covers harassment that woUlen have an absolute right to an abortion during L&M STRIKE IN DURHAM, N.C.:Militant correspond­ . 22 Strikebreaking the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. ent Gary Sage reports that some 1,700 members of Local threats hit teachers A spokesperson for Rothenberger says he is now consider­ ing whether to seek contempt of court charges against 176, Tobacco Workers International Union, AFL-CIO, went 29 May Day· 1977 Chasalow. · on strike against the Liggett & Myers Tobacco Corporation April 18. The union is striking to eliminate a fifteen-cent 2 In Brief OPPOSE SUPREME COURT ANTIGAY RULING: On ceiling on the cost-of-living ilSCalator clause in its contract. March 29, 1976; the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Virginia's This is the first strike against I.&M in nearly forty years. 5 Steel Notes sodomy laws, thereby approving the right of individual 10 In Our Opinion states to maintain antigay and other sexually repressive ON THE COST OF LIVING: Just to maintain what the government calls an "austere" standard Of living, a family Letters legislation. The May 21 Gay Action Coalition has set Saturday, May 21, as a day of protest against the Supreme of four needs an annual income of $10,041, the U.S. Labor 11 National Picket Line Court's ruling. Department says. Calculated for the fall of 1976, this figure Women in Revolt Demonstrators will assemble at noon in front of the represents an increase of 4. 7 percent over the previous year. , The department says $16,236 a year maintains a family of 12 Great Society Justice Department in Washiilgton, D.C., proceeding from there to the Supreme Court. "Despite what the Supreme four at a "moderate" standard, a 6.0 percent increase over ;La Raza en Acci6n! Court may say," says coalition spokesperson Joyce Hunter, the previous year. Capitalism Fouls Things Up "gay people will not allow any government, political party, While pondering the above, consider this.· New York's 27 As I See It or religious institution to control our sexual begavior or Consolidated Edison Company announced April 26 that its · deprive us of our basic human rights." net income of $95.3 million for the first quarter of 1977 was 28 In Review For more information contact the coalition c/o GAA New up 15.2 percent from year-earlier levels. The rise, Con Ed Jersey, Post Office Box 1734, Hackensack, New Jersey said, "was due to rate increases, increased sales to other WORLD OUTLOOK 07606, or call (202) 363-3881 or (201) 343-6402. utilities, and the effects of the colder-than-normal weath­ 23 Opposition against er.... " -Peter Seidman Pakistani regime TEAMSTERS FOR A DEMOCRATIC UNION: In their latest move to stifle union democracy in Detroit Teamsters 24 Japanese Trotskyists Local 299, Teamster officials have launched a red-baiting declare solidarity campaign against Pete Camarata, a spokesperson for SUBSCRIBE MOW! 25 World News Notes Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU). At the April local meeting, the local president demanded to know if Camarata 26 S. African students is a socialist. This scare tactic backfired, as member after 10 WEEKS FOR S1 protest death member got up to say that Camarata's political beliefs were his own business. · In March the officials of Local 299 voted to expel ~r subscribe for 6 months Camarata and Al Ferdnance, another TDU leader, for their THE MILITANT role in the April 1976 wildcat strike against the Master or 1year and get this VOLUME 41/NUMBER 18 Freight Agreement. MAY 13, 1977 These attacks aim to weaken and discredit TDU. In recent FREE BOOK! CLOSING NEWS DATE-MAY 4 months TDU has submitted bylaw amendments that would make all Local 299 offices elective and institute monthly Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS meetings and financial reports. Managing Editor: NELSON BLACKSTOCK Business Manager: HARVEY McARTHUR TDU has mobilized several hundred members for union Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING meetings to demand that the proposed changes be read into Washington Bureau: DAVID FRANKEL the record so they can be voted on in May. TDU, along with another rank-and-file opposition group This 269-page book is the best Published weekly by The Militant Publishing explanation of the ideas of the Social­ Ass'n., 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. called Concerned Members of 299, organized a demonstra­ ist Workers party. Five leaders of the Telephone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Busi· tion of 125 members April 2 to protest the expulsion of SWP discuss proposals for strength­ ness Office (212) 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: Camarata and Ferdnance. TDU also plans to run an ening the struggles of working 1250 Wilshire Blvd.. Suite 404. Los Angeles. California 90017. Telephone: (213) 462-3184. opposition slate in the November 1977 local elections. people, women, Chicanos, Blacks, Washington Bureau: 1424 16th St. NW, #701-B, Puerto Ricans, students-and build­ Washington, D.C. 20036. Telephone: (202) 265- ing a mass socialist movement that 6865. RACIST FRAME-UPS: On April 29 the North Carolina can take on the ruling superrich and Correspondence concerning sub~eriptions or Suprem'e Court denied a request that the nine Wilmington win. changes of 8ddress should be 8ddre11ed to The Ten defendants still in jail be released on bail. Three Milit•nt Busine11_ Ollice, 14 Ch•rles L•ne, New prosecution witnesses have recanted testimony that was key Offer gc>od for new or renewal subscriptions. York, N.Y. 10014. to their conviction. The ten were framed up on conspiracy Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscriptions: U.S., $9.00 a year; outside U.S., and shooting charges stemming from racist vigilante ( ) $1 for ten issues $14.50. By first-class mail: U.S., Canada, and attacks on Wilmington's Black community in 1971. A i 1 $5 for six months and Prospects for Socialism Mexico, $36.50. Write for surface and airmail rates hearing_ for a new trial based on the recantations is set for ( ) $9 for one year and Prospects for Socialism to all other countries. May 9 at Burgaw ... Passaic County Court Judge Bruno ( ) New ( ) Renewal For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then posted from London dorectly to Britain. Leopizzi turned down a motion to declare Rubin "Hurri­ Name ______Ireland. and Continental Europe: £1.50 lor eight cane" Carter and John Artis indigents. The April 26 issues. £3.50 for six months, £6.50 for one year. ruling means that the two-framed up on murder charges Address ______Send banker's draft or international postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathlonder Press. for a second time-will not get free trial transcripts needed City State Zip ______47 The Cut, London, SEt 8LL, England. Inquire lor for their appeal ... Gary Tyler was sixteen years old Send to: The Militant, Box A air rates from London at the same address. when he was convicted on trumped-up murder charges after 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 Sogned artocles by controbutors do not necessarily a shooting outside a school bus under attack by a racist represent the M1l1tant's voews These are expressed on edotoroals

2 Soweto student protests halt rent hikes From Intercontinental Press government announcement that rents of maize flour, a staple in the diet of peopl~." on all homes in Soweto, which are most Blacks in South Africa, has also In face of the student protests, In a· successful protest against steep government owned, would be raised by risen. Pretoria agreed April 29 to defer the rent increases, thousands of Black 40 to 80 percent by May 1. The notice Although officials of the UBC introduction of the rent hikes while it high-school students demonstrated in of the rent hikes came at a time when claimed that they had not approved of "studies" the issue. The police also Soweto April 27. The protests were Soweto's poverty-ridden population the rent hikes, the SRC charged the dropped charges against those stu- called by the Soweto Students Repre­ was already facing additional hard- UBC with complicity in the decision dents who had been arrested. sentative Council (SRC), which initiat­ ships. Unemployment among Blacks and called on its members to resign. At the same ·time, however, the ed many of the mass Black protests throughout the country is estimated at Student leaders said that the UBC was Soweto police chief, Brig. Gen. Jan that swept South Africa last year. more than one million and is rising by a target of the protests because it "has Visser, warned that future student According to a report in the April 28 about 15,000 persons a month. Earlier finally demonstrated that it is acting protests would be met with less "res­ Washington Post, "At Morris Isaacson this year, the regime approved sharp against the interests of black people. traint" by the police. "I can give the high school in Orlando, police estimat­ increases in the rail fares paid by The UBC has consistently been used assurance that we will not act in the (ld. that 2,000 students gathered early Soweto's 220,000 commuters. The price by the authorities to oppress our own same manner that we did," he said. this morning [April 27]. Many carried angry banners declaring: 'We will not pay,' and 'Away with capitalism.'" Leaders of the SRC had planned a peaceful march to the white adminis­ Antiapartheid actions May 28, June 16 trative offices in Soweto to protest the By Omari Musa demonstration in Washington, D.C., The initiators of the leadership rent hike, but police riot vans stopped Opponents of white minority rule called by the All-African Peoples meeting are: Chelsea-Village them. Police also dj.spersed a. crowd in southern Africa are planning Revolutionary party. NAACP; Lucius Walker, Jr., Inter­ that had gathered at a stadium. protest and educational activities That march will step off at 10:00 religious Foundation for Community The students also tried to hold a over the next four or five weeks. a.m. from Malcolm X Memorial Organization (IFCO); Courtland protest at the offices of the Urban "June 16 is the first anniversary of Park, march to LaFayette Park Cox, secretary-general of the Sixth Bantu Council (UBC), a largely power­ the Soweto student rebellion in (across from the White House), and Pan-Africanist Congress; Koko Far­ less administrative body · staffed by South Africa,'' Tony Austin told the then return to Malcolm X Park for a row, Commission for Racial Justice, Blacks. When a small group of demon­ Militant. Austin is coordinator of the rally Emd cultural events. United Church of Christ; and Tony strators tried to enter the building, National Student Coalition Against Speakers will ·include AAPRP Austin. police fired tear gas to disperse them. Racism. leader Stokely Carmichael and re­ Later attempts by the students to "NSCAR activists will be organiz­ presentatives from several African For further information on the regroup were likewise met by police ing protest activities that day with liberation groups. meeting contact: Adisa Douglas, attacks, in which three students were as broad a range of groups and IFCO, 475 Riverside Drive, Room wounded by gunfire. individuals as possible to demand A number of leaders in the fight 572, New York, New York 10027, The police, equipped with newly an end to U.S. complicity with the against white minority rule have (212) 870-3151; or Tony Austin c/o acquired riot helmets and Plexiglas racist regimes.'' ·called for a May 21 leadership NSCAR, 220 Fifth Avenue, Room shields, arrested forty-nine students Austin also urged participation in meeting in New York to "assess U.S. 808, New York, New York 10001, during the protests. the May 28 African Liberation Day involvement in Africa." (212) 686-7020. The actions were sparked by a Interview with a winner Victory for handica---J .... Califano signs 504 By Diane Wang "But when you're talking about civil rights "It's really kind of incredible that we-who have legislation, you shouldn't be talking about money,'' supposedly been the weak and hidden and frail in Cone said. "It's not fair to say that this country can our society-have been able to build such a afford civil rights for some citizens and not for tremendously powerful movement that we forced others.'' them to grant us our rights.'' This victory for the handicapped stands in stark Kitty Cone was commenting on Health, Educa­ contrast to the setbacks others have suffered in past tion and Welfare Secretary Joseph Califano's months: retreats on desegregaiion and open hous­ decision to sign regulations implementing civil ing for Blacks; defeats of the Equal Rights Amend­ rights laws for handicapped people. ment and the right to pregnancy benefits for Cone had recently returned to the West Coast women; the failure to secure a decent minimum from what she called "an eight-day blitz of activity" wage for working people. in Washington, D.C. As an organizer ofthe sit-in at How did people who seemingly have so little the San Francisco HEW offices that began April 5, "clout" and political power manage to win? Cone .was part .of the West Coast delegation to Cone summed it up: "The most important thing Washington. - for us was to believe in ourselves, to try to While protesters continued the nearly month-long continually involve more people, to get more sit-in in San Francisco, others in Washington support, and not to take anything that the govern­ dogged Califano's heels, held rallies, carried on a ment said as the truth.'' daily picket line outside the White House, and Many of those participating in the demonstra­ stirred up public support. tions had been coordinators or members of Disabled On April 28 the handicapped finally won. for Carter-Mondale during the 1976 elections, Cone Califano signed Section 504-reguiations that will said. They believed Carter last September when he implement the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to backed strong regulations. . guarantee civil rights for disabled people. "One of the things that everybody learned," Cone The public demonstrations had also prevented said, "is that you can't rely on the good, will of Califano from watering down Section 504. He had politicians who have made you promises-you've wanted to exempt more buildings from the regula­ got to fight." tions' accessibility requirements. He had also tried The handicapped also reached out for allies. "We to deny the section;s protection to alcoholics and drew the real connections with other civil rights drug addicts. organizations,'' Cone explained, "like the NAACP ~ As signed, the regulations will ban discrimination· and the National Organization for Women. The against 35 million disabled people, 10 million Black Panther party just knocked itself out and fed alcoholics, and 1.5 million drug addicts. San Francisco rally, April 15: demonstrations like this .us for weeks.'' Thanks to Section 504, schools, colleges, social around U.S. put Califano and Carter on the spot. The protesters won support from a wide variety of service centers, hospitals, and clinics must be made groups, from gay rights organizations to the Girl accessible to the handicapped, including to people Scouts. who use wheelchairs. Cone described the problems that handicapped Trade-union support included not only endorse­ The regulations end the "separate but equal" people face. "For a disabled person to get a job and ments from the AFL-CIO, United Auto Workers, approach to education for the handicapped. Cone pay for the kinds of medical bills most of us have,'' and the local American Federation of Government explained that currently 1 million disabled children she said, "we have to be twice as qualified as a Employees, but "real, actual, physical support," receive no education whatsoever. Thousands of nondisabled person to get hired in the first place, to Cone said. other disabled students are segregated into schools overcome the discrimination. Then we have to get "The International Association of Machinists where they get an inferior education. really well-paying jobs to take the risk of going off became involved in San Francisco and a couple of Now schools will have, to provide programs and Medicaid." their officers flew to Washington. They continually facilities so that disabled children can go to school The government estimates that the new regula­ helped us, all the way through.'' with other students. Public school programs for the tions will cost $2.4 billion a year to implement. But The determination, unity, and solid support won handicapped must be completed by September 1978. Cone pointed out that a government study had the day for the handicapped. As of ,June l, 1977, employers receiving federal estimated long-range financial advantages from the "We're proud of ourselves.'' Cone concluded. fun·ds cannot legally refuse employment to a· rules. Millions will go off \vel fare once t!-~ey can beat "We've built a re

THE MILITANT/MAY 13~ 1977 3 Steel-plant sales top 4,000 in one Week By Harvey McArthur "Is that the thirty-five-cent paper? The Militant­ that's the one I want-the one with the steel contract." This reaction from a worker at Republic Steel in Cleveland was typical of many at plants in more than sixty cities last week. · Members of tlle Socialist Workers party and Young Socialist Alliance sold at plant gates more than 4,276 copies of the April 29 Militant, which reprinted and analyzed the new contract in basic steel. It was by far the highest plant-gate sale of the Militant spring circulation drive, and a giant step toward establishing and regularizing industrial workplace sales-the central goal of the drive. Thirty-nine out of forty citiea listed on the

campuses and streets. scoreboard sold at steel plants. Many also sent "By Wednesday, we could tell that the Militant special teams to big mills in other cities, including every week. was really being passed around inside the plant," Lorain, Ohio; Buffalo, New York; Bethlehem, One help in doing this is the four-page reprint of reports Mark Ugolini. "Several workers made a Pennsylvania; Pueblo, Colorado; and Corpus Chris­ the steel contract and the Militant's commentary. point of coming out to talk with us about the (See ad on facing page.) Many steelworkers still ti, 'texas. articles in the paper, about conditions in the plant, Steel sales boosted the week's overall total to have not seen this contract summary-and they're .and how they thought the contract would affect not likely to read it anywhere else. Plant-gate teams 9,347-the second highest week of the campaign. them." can continue to sell the Militant on the basis of this Eighteen out of forty cities made their individual A team from Atlanta sold 607 papers in Bir­ unique and attractive feature-giving a copy free goals. Atlanta, St. Paul, Cleveland, Pit~burgh, New mingham, Alabama-356 at steel plants and 251 at with each Militant. Orleans, and Minneapolis had their best sales yet this spring. college campuses and on the streets. All previous experience shows that sales grow "We sold the most at the big plants like the U.S. steadily when teams return to the same spot at the Perspectiva Mundial, the Spanish-language so­ Steel Fairfield Works," said AI Budka. "But we also same time each week. In this way salespeople will cialist magazine, translated and printed the con­ found a good response at smaller fabricating shops. tract summary so that Chicano, Puerto Rican, get to know a number of steelworkers as regular Mexican, and other Spanish-speaking steelworkers At the American Pipe Company, which is no~ a Militant buyers. Many of them will want to buy union shop, the workers were so glad to see someone could read it in their own language. Good Perspecti­ subscriptions to the Militant or find out about other with information about the union that they bought va sales were reported in Chicago, Detroit, Los activities of the Socialist Workers party. fifty papers during one 7:00 a.m. shift change. Angeles, Cleveland, Denver, and the San Francisco Bay Area. Cleveland sent teams to Republic Steel every day. "By the end of the week, we were selling every Houston socialists sold more than forty copies of paper we took to the plant," says Kathleen Fitzge­ Perspectiva, including twenty-five to Chicano and NOW conference rald. Mexican workers at Texas Electric Steel. "The response from the women here was "Workers would seek us out to get a copy of the Rich Ariza, Socialist Workers party candidate for fantastic," reported Nancy Fields from therecent paper because they had seen it in the plant. One governor of New Jersey, sold more than thirty conference of the N a tiona! Organization for person, who read a leaflet on our socialist educa­ copies of PertJpectiva to Puerto Rican workers at Women, held in Detroit April 21-24. "Five tional conference, read it and came back saying, 'I plants around Newark. hundred sixty women bought· copies of the like this stuff, and I want to buy a copy of your Highest steel sales of the week were reported by Militant and 116 also bought subscriptions." paper and find out more about your party.'" Los Angeles, which sold 598 Militants at plants. Why did more than a quarter of the women at More than half were sold at the Kaiser Steel works the conference think it was important to read the in Fontana. * * * Militant? Lorie Satre from the Youngstown NOW Other big steel sales were 333 in Detroit, 250 in Last week's sales of the special steel issue chapter summed up the feelings of many women. the New York area, 271 in Houston, 213 in introduced thousands of steelworkers to the "Our chapter leaders feel that you get more Minneapolis, 170 in Cleveland, 138 in Pittsburgh, Militant-and introduced Militant salespeople to information from the Militant than you do from and 139 in St. Louis. dozens and dozens of steel plants where they had Do It Now [the NOW national paper]. It is Chicago socialists mobilized to sell 401 papers at never sold before. consistent. The Militant just doesn't stop. It is six big plants. Their best sale was 247 at the U.S. The big job now is to turn this initial success into more complete. It is really good." Steel works in Gary, Indiana. regular sales of hundreds of copies at steel plants Big effort set for second 'Militant' target week The Militant has set the week of May 14-20 as a 250 papers at steel plants last week, and we think "St. Paul and Minneapolis socialists will go back second national sales target week. We plan to sell we can sell even more at workplaces during the to towns in the Mesabi Iron Range in northern well over the 10,000 weekly goal. target week. Minnesota," reports Ilona Gersh from Minneapolis. During the first target week, April 2-9, we more "We'll be going to the garment district, to "It takes extra effort, but ~t's worth it to meet so than doubled earlier weekly sales, selling more than hospitals, and to steel and other plants in and many people interested in the Militant. We sold 17,000 Militants. Most of these were 1sold in around New York City.'' more than 300 papers there last week, and already shopping centers, on street corners, and door to door In New York, like many other cities, SWP we have received subscription requests from people in Black, Puerto Rican, and Chicano communities. branches will order larger bundles of the Militant in Duluth and Keewatin. The. week of May 14-20, Socialist Workers party and raise their sales goals for the week. Individual "With good sales in the Iron Range and a lot of and Young Socialist Alliance chapters will again members of the SWP and YSA will take on high extra sales in Minneapolis, I'm sure we'll go well plan extra sales teams to these locations. They will personal goals to help boost their branches' sales. over our goal.'' -H.M. also follow up on last week's record steel sales with teams to many plant gates. . Teams will sell Perspectiva Mundial, the Spanish-language biweek­ ly magazine, along with the Militant. Sales scoreboard "We're setting up May 14-20 committees through­ Area Goal Sold % Indianapolis 135 139 102.9 Oakland, Calif. 250 159 63.6 Atlanta 400 879 219.7 Seattle 215 217 100.9 New York City 1,100 697 63.3 out the city, just like we did for the target week in Miami 75 111 148.0 San Antonio 125 125 100.0 San Diego 200 125 62.5 April," says Roger Rudenstein from the New York St. Paul 80 112 140.0 Chicago 650 600 92.3 Philadelphia 400 244 61.0 SWP. Cleveland 180 240 133.3 Denver 200 182 91.0 Washington, D.C., Area 400 237 59.2 Pittsburgh 175 231 132.0 Louisville 100 91 91.0 Albany, NY. 75 43 57.3 "We'll have a full day of campaigning and sales New Orleans 200 262 131.0 Baltimore 150 136 90.6 Boston 520 294 56.5 on Saturday. Catarino Garza, SWP candidate for Los Angeles 650 848 130.4 St. Louis 300 271 90.3 R1chmond. Va. 75 39 52.0 mayor, and hundreds of campaigners will set up Phoenix 125 144 115.2 San Jose 200 176 -88.0 Milwaukee 200 97 48.5 literature tables, hold street rallies, and sell the Raleigh. N.C. 40 45 112.5 Cincinnati 125 106 84.8 Total Toledo 75 84 112.0 Houston 400 327 81.7 April 29 issue 10,000 9,347 93.5 Militant and Perspectiva Mundial all day. Dallas 140 156 111.4 Berkeley, Calif. 250 172 68.8 Young Socialist teams "We plan to put aside as many of our other Salt Lake City 100 109 109.0 San Francisco 550 377 68.5 South 90 190 211.1 activities as possible that week so we can concen­ Tacoma, Wash. 70 75 107.1 Portland, Ore. 200 136 68.0 North California 90 80 88.9 trate on sales every day. Minneapolis 300 320 106.6 Detroit 625 421 67.3 Total 180 270 150.0 Newark 225 240 106.6 Kansas City, Mo. 120 80 66.6 Combined total 9,617 "Workplace sales will be a top priority. We sold

4 'Explaining; the contract Steel notes ... 'Steel Labor' prints SADLOWSKI: 'THINGS WILL NEVER BE THE SAME': Steel­ workers Fight Back sponsored a dinner and dance April 29 to honor Ed Sadlowski, candidate for international president in the February 8 union only the news that fits election, and Jim Balanoff, who was elected to succeed Sadlowski as District 31 director. Some 500 steelworkers and their families attended the Wage-rate retention for disabled By Andy Rose event in Merrillville, lridiana, reports Militant correspondent Michael employees who transfer to another job The April issue of Steel Labor, Gillespie. official newspaper of the United Steel­ is a welcome gain-although eligibility is determined by the company doctor, Sadlowski thanked the Fight Back supporters for their- "time, effort, workers of America, and the April 29 and energy" on the campaign and said it had made a big impact on the issue of the Militant have two things and rate retention lasts only two years union. "I firmly believe that working people do give a fiddler's damn in common. and goes no higher than job class They were published at about the eleven (out of thirty-four). about what's going on," he said, "and that the rank and file, with a same time, and they both deal with the But Steel Labor says noth,ing about diligent effort, can make things happen. By virtue of the quarter of a basic steel contract approved April 9. the key demand of workers in coke million votes cast [for Fight Back] on February 8 you have ensured that There the resemblance ends. ovens and other death traps-the right things will never be the same." The Militant printed the official to transfer away from these poisonous Sadlowski pledged to continue fighting for a "solid, progressive, contract summary that was voted on jobs with no loss in pay before, not aggressive, democratic trade-union movement." by local union presidents. (Rank-and­ after, they are permanently disabled. file members don't have a vote.) The most startling omission from BALANOFF BLASTS NO-STRIKE PACT: "The results of the Steel Labor printed "a report ... by Steel Labor is not any of these, elections are already beginning to show," said Jim Balanoff, president of members of the union's Negotiating however. It is the paper's failure to the huge USWA LocallOIO at Inland Steel in East Chicago, Indiana, and Committee Technical .Staff most famil­ report anything about the discussion director-elect of District 31. "It's no accident that people aren't happy iar with the bargaining details." within the Basic Steel lndusfry with the national contract negotiated by Abel and McBride. It's not an These staff members don't seem to Conference-which first voted to reject accident that ninety-nine local union presidents had the courage and he familiar, however, with many "de­ the contract, then accepted it by 193 to conviction to stand up and tell Abel that they weren't satisfied with the tails" pointed out by the Militant. Or 99 in a roll-call vote. contract," Balanoff told the gathering. maybe there are some details they just What did the local presidents say? He blamed the inadequacies of the basic steel contract on the don't want the membership to he What did international President I. W. Experimental Negotiating Agreement, which prohibits a national steel Abel say? Why did a majority initially familiar with. strike. Balanoff said his priorities as a member of the union's Internation­ oppose the contract? Why did some Here's a few examples of what you al Executive Board will be to fight for abolition of the ENA, for a change their votes? read in the Militant that Steel Labor "restructuring of the dues to eliminate the present inequities while didn't think was fit to print: Steel Labor doesn't say. Perhaps it thinks these high-level deliberations maintaining the union's strength," and for the right of "all steelworkers • All medical insurance benefits are to ratify their contracts and have a real input into the union's decisions." cut off for new employees until they are of no interest to the members. pass probation. Perhaps it doesn't want the members TEXAS LOCAL VOTES TO LEAVE USWA: According to reports in • When a worker dies, their spouse to see Abel's speech warning that the the Houston Post and Chronicle, Local 16000 has voted to leave the can no longer collect vacation pay the union could lose everything in the worker has accumulated-a small but "agonies of arbitration" if the pact United Steelworkers and seek affiliation to the Oil, Chemical and cruel cut in benefits. were rejected. Atomic Workers union. The Abel-McBride machine has been trying to • Life insurance coverage is reduced Mter all, Abel justifies the no-strike force the local-an opposition stronghold in Texas-out of the USW A. for employees retiring at age sixty-two. Experimental Negotiating Agreement Local President Fabian Greenwell was l!ead of the Sadlowski campaign These items are simply left out of in basic steel by arguing just the committee in the Texas district, and the local voted overwhelmingly for Steel Labor. A much longer list could opposite-,-:.that arbitration is a big the Fight Back slate. be compiled of bargaining demands concession by the companies and Abel put the local in receivership April 11 on trumped-up charges of approved by USW A conventions or by guarantees good settlements for the misusing strike funds back in 1975. District 37 Director Ed Ball then the union's Wage Policy C.ommittee union. offered to drop the charges if the local would leave the USW A and but not found in the contract. In the recent union election cam­ affiliate to another AFL-CIO union. The Houston papers reported that on The point is not that the union could paign, Ed Sadlowski and Steelworkers April 20-21, a 93 percent majority of the local membership voted in favor necessarily have won every demand Fight Back demanded that the. ENA of joining OCAW. this year. The point is that the and all contracts be submitted to The local represents more than 500 workers at Ethyl Chemical members have the right to a full and ratification vote by the membership. Company near Houston. With their contract expiring May 1, the members honest accounting-not a whitewash The Steel Labor "report" on the new faced the prospect of the international imposing a new contract that they job on a contract tailored to suit the contract shows how powerfully this would have no say over. profit needs of the corporations. demand hits at the union bureaucracy, The local vote doesn't settle the matter, though. The company is not which fears even to inform the ranks Steel Labor claims "major break­ legally hound to recognize the OCAW as the bargaining agent or to sign throughs" were made in job security, about negotiations and contract terms. Oh yes-the union officialdom prom­ an OCAW contract. It is likely that the company-seeing the local under wage-rate retention for disabled em­ attack from the USWA officialdom-will join in trying to undermine the ployees, and contracting out of work to ises to mail out "a detailed explana­ tion" of the contract soon. local's ability to represent the workers at Ethyl. outside-often nonunion-employers. But what happens to the workers at Ethyl is, of course, the last thing Steel Labor does report that the But a quarter-of-a-million votes for Abel, McBride, and Ball are concerned about. additional "job security" benefits are. Steelworkers Fight Back said loud and only available to workers with twenty clear that it's time to stop "explaining" or more years on the job. . and start telling the"truth. STRIKE GETS GRIEVANCES SETTLED: A two-day strike by 700 It doesn't report that you lose these workers at Cerro Copper Products near East St. Louis, Illinois, forced the benefits if the company offers you a company into negotiations to settle many long-standing grievances, "suitable" job at any location in the Spread according to Militant correspondent David Welters. country and you don't take it. Harlin Kelley, vice-president of USWA Local 4294 at Cerro, left his job It doesn't report that the much­ on April 8 to discuss incorrectly posted job bids. The company refused to the·truth ... discuss this violation of the contract and told Kelley to return to work. ballyhooed $300-a-month pension sup­ . . about the basic steel contract On Monday, Aprilll, the foundry, tankhouse, and tube mill workers plement (for workers who retire early and what it means for all working due to disability, plant shutdown, or people, with a four-page reprint stayed off the job. They refused to go back to work Tuesday in return for a long-term layoff) is paid only until the from the Militant. company promise to negotiate grievances when work resumed. The worker becomes eligible for Social Contains the complete text of the workers decided to return to work Wednesday, however, to comply with a Security. official summary of the contract court injunction obtained Tuesday against the walkout. On contracting out, Steel Labor fails voted on by union presidents, with At an April 17 union meeting, union officials reported that the company to report that all local agreements that analysis by the Militant. Three cents had_ settled grievances involving posting of job bids, snow absentee days, can require management to retrieve each, or two cents each on orders of and work performed by supervisors. Other grievances Were either dropped work in progress from contractors are 1,000 or more. Available in English by the union or are still being contested. invalidated. In their place is a weak or Spanish. "forty-hour guarantee" that covers Order from Militant Business ABEL ENLISTS IN ENERGY WAR: A group called "Americans for only as many USW A members as there Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York, Energy Independence" got right in the swing of Carter's energy war­ are outside craft employees in the New York 10014. even before he declared it. In a full-page ad in the April 4 New York plant. Times, the group says conservation and "energy self-sufficiency" are imperative to preserve "national security." The ad urges you to "take the conservation pledge" and send them fifty dollars. The ad lists the board of directors of "American for Energy Indepen­ dence." Number one is none other than I.W. Abel. Abel's co-directors include 0tes Bennett, president, North American Coal Company; Arnold Safer, vi•. e-president, Irving Trust Company; and Zalman Shapiro, manager, Fusion Power Systems, Westinghouse Electric Corporation. (Maybe that's why the ad says nothing about profiteering by the energy corporations as the real cause of the so-called energy crisis.) . Abel and his buddies offer a set of "conservation guidelines": Keep your _-:..) home cold in the winter and hot in the summer. Minimize the use of hot water. Turn off lights. Use car pools and avoid "pleasure driving." We'd just like to know where Abe sets the air conditioning thermostat - ·~ in his Sun City, Arizona, retirement villa, and whether he's driving a Steel Labor high-mileage golf cart. . . . -Andy Rose Union paper prints photo of local presidents speaking on contract . . but refuses to report what they said.

TH£ MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 5 Aboard. NOW bus N.Y. women s eak out By Ginny Hildebrand other conference participants did urge INTERSTATE 80-lt was about 5:30 NOW to do things differently. They p.m. Sunday, April 24, when members backed the Defending Women's Rights Abortion of New York chapters of the National in the Second Decade resolution. This Organization for Women boarded a called for NOW to stop relying on chartered bus in Detroit. politicians and turn toward mobilizing workshop As we pulled away from Coho Hall, women in large, visible protests to win the site of the NOW national confer­ the ERA and defend legal abortion and ence, I took a seat next to Sharon other rights under attack. supports Grant and Elen Lauper. Both women "A few years ago," said Foley, "some were organizers for the March 12 NOW members didn't want to include International Women's Day demon­ lesbians. At this conference red-baiting Maya stration of 1,000 women in New York was underscored because people were City. Lauper joined NOW shortly after confronted with different views on how the march. Grant, a Black woman, NOW should _act." joined when she arrived at the confer­ At about 1:30 a.m. I parked myself actions ence. between Viola Williamson and Mar­ By Gale Shangold "I came to the convention to get a garita Pagan. Williamson is Black, DETROIT-"During the 1976 cam­ feel for what was going on,'' Grant told Pagan is Puerto Rican. Both work in a paign, we didn't respond.' The opposi­ me. "And I knew there was a resolu­ drug rehabilitation: program. tion made abortion an issue. We didn't. tion coming up that would show how I asked Williamson what she liked "The candidates would get off the to involve more minority women in best about the conference. plane and the righHo-lifers would be NOW; I wanted to have something "I feel good that there were so many there, but we weren't.... We have good to take back to minority women. women there who were open and supported candidates for their stands "But, of course, I was really disap­ friendly," she said. on nine out of ten issues, and the tenth Mllm•n"JAnnc Teasdale was abortion. We can't do that any­ pointed with the outcome of that reso­ MARGARITA PAGAN at March 12 rally lution." Confusion over resolution more." Conference delegates overwhelming­ "But," she added, "I think a lot of So said Karen Mulhauser, executive ly defeated the resolution on Women of other women just didn't know what director of the National Abortion "The best discussions were in the Rights Action League (NARAL), dur­ the Oppressed Nationalities. This pro­ workshops," Lauper continued. "A lot points we [Minority Women workshop] ing a workshop on the status of legal posal, supported by the Minority of constructive things came out for were trying to get across." abortion at the April conference of the Women workshop, called for an aggres­ . people to take back to their chapters." Pagan pointed out that the discus­ sive campaign of activities to win sion on the Women of the Oppressed National Organization for Women Lauper also thought the NOW lead­ (NOW) here. Black, Puerto Rican, and Chicana ership's National ERA Strike Force Nationalities resolution ·had barely Women from around the country­ women to NOW. resolution, adopted by the delegates, is begun when the question was called Wisconsin, Missouri, California, Virgi­ undemocratic. It authorizes a handful and defeated. of leaders-not NOW's membership­ As a result, she continued, "we had a nia, Georgia-talked about the threats to abortion rights in their states. A to devise a strategy to fight for the lot of women coming over to us and Equal Rights Amendment. asking us about our resolution. They delegate from San Francisco said that didn't know what it was all about." the California legislature had recently The grapevine Both women were disturbed by the considered six anti-abortion bills. These state efforts have been encour­ Both women felt that NOW leaders rumors that Black and Puerto Rican aged by Congress's approval of the and some delegates purposely distorted women were trying to divide NOW and Hyde amendment, which would cut off and smothered political discussion. planned to break from the organiza­ Medicaid funds for abortion. "Where resolutions were supported tion. "I was in NOW a long time ago and I Mulhauser urged NOW to become by members of the Socialist Workers more active in the fight to defend party, this was used against the came back, and I'm not going to leave abortion . rights. "NOW has the best resolutions," Lauper said. "That again," Williamson said. "Women feel that we're trying to network," she said. "We have to do wasn't done in an open manner where something or we can lose abortion." it could have been challenged. It was separate," she continued. "But we Dorothy Hawkinson from Washing­ done through the grapevine. And that don't want to separate. We just want to ton, D.C., NOW introduced a "Resohi­ system is lethal." be heard and bring more women into tion for May 8 Actions Deftmding Later in the trip l introduced myself the organization. "There are a lot of women who really Women's Rights to Control Our Bo­ to Pat Palermo. She was sitting next to dies." Eileen Foley, who was the coordinator need NOW and would respond to it if we did· things the way the Resolution In March, NARAL called for local for the March 12 New York demonstra­ actions in defense of abortion rights on tion. on Women of the Oppressed N ationali­ ties said." Mother's Day, May 8. Discussion time devoted to the reso­ Palermo asked, "Why is it that so Hawkinson's resolution asked the lution during the plenary was taken up many issues were reduced beyond their national conference of NOW to "en­ with parliamentary jockeying. No one content to the question of SWP involve­ courage local chapters to join with ment?" The three of us got into a long actually spoke against the resolution other groups on May 8 to demand: Stop before discussion on this. it was voted down. the attacks on abortion rights! Full Despite her disappointment, Grant 'Slanderous article' rights for pregnant workers! End plans to get active in Brooklyn NOW. sterilization abuse!" I asked both women if they'd read Workshop participants passed the Discussion must continue the NOW Times, a paper distributed at resolution unanimously. It did not, "Discussions on the issues raised in the conference by several Southern however, reach the floor of the confer­ our resolution have to take place California NOW chapters. Its editorial ence for discussion. somewhere," she said. ''For every accused the SWP of "manipulating" Actions are taking place in several woman at the conference, there are the women's movement. Both women cities the weekend of May 8. They more than ten other women in NOW. I had seen it. think it's our obligation to go back and include: "It was just a slanderous article," Washington, D.C.: Demonstration discuss these things with them." Foley said, "I think organizations tend I asked Lauper if she thought the and Rally for Motherhood by Choice. to feel threatened by any group of Sunday, May 8, 11:30 a.m. President's plenary discussions were thorough. people who don't have precisely the Park, 15th and E Streets, NW. Spon­ "The discussions on the floor didn't same way of doing things as the sored by Committee for Motherhood by even really get started before they were organization is used to." Choice. cut down," she responded. SWP members along with nearly 200 VIOLA WILLIAMSON Endorsers include Catholics for a Free Choice; D.C. NOW Task Force on Abortion Action; Northern Prince Georges County NOW; Women Con­ NYC sets sterilization abuse curbs cerned for Choice, Howard University; Socialist Workers party. By Gale Shangold Churches. Militant, "We won beeause of tremend­ Denver: Mother's Day Rally in the NEW YORK-On April 28 the New The new regulations are a victory for ous community support from all kinds Defense of Women's Rights. Saturday, York City Council approved guidelines Black, Puerto Rican, and poor of organizations. May 7, 1:00 p.m. State Capitol Build­ desigried to protect women from sterili· women-the main victims of steriliza­ "The ramifications of this decision ing. Sponsored by East Metro Denver zation abuse. tion abuse. The regulations requi~e a are nationwide. Sterilization guidelines Thirty-eight council members voted NOW. thirty-day waiting period between the are going to be taken up by legislatures San Francisco: Picket Line and in favor of Intro 1105; three abstained. signing of consent papers and the and city councils all over the country," Rally for Motherhood by Choice. Fri­ The guidelines will cover all health sterilization itself. she said. day, May 6, noon. State Building, 350 facilities and doctors in New York In addition, the guidelines state that According to Stamm, none of the McAllister. Sponsored by San Francis­ City. a woman must be informed in her major media have publicized the city co NOW and Coalition for the Medical The bill was endorsed by a wide - preferred language as to rights, bene­ council's decision. CESA plans to get Rights of Women. variety of organizations and individu­ fits, risks, and alternatives. Consent out the word so that women will be als. They include Committee to End may not be obtained during abortion informed of their rights. Sterilization Abuse (CESA), New York or childbirth. Doctors who violate One of CESA's next projects is to National . Organization for Women, these rules face one year in jail and/ or ensure that adequate sterilization National Black Feminist Organiza­ a $1,000 fine. ' guidelines are adopted by the state tion, and Brooklyn Council of Karen Stamm of CESA told the legislature in Albany.

6 Feminists protest red-baiting in movement By Nancy Cole Members of the National Organiza­ tion for Women and other feminists are responding with outrage to the red­ baiting motion passed by the Detroit national NOW conference April 24. The motion was voted up immediate­ ly before the conference adjourned; most delegates had already left. The motion stated: "This conference protests attempts by the Socialist Workers party to use NOW as a vehicle to place before the public the agenda of their organization and to exploit the feminist movement. We bitterly resent and will not tolerate any group's attempts to deflect us from pursuit of our feminist goals." The Newark NOW chapter met April 26 and voted unanimously to send a · letter of protest to NOW President · Eleanor Smeal. "We feel that this resolution is not only an attack on the SWP, but a challenge to the basic norms of demo­ cracy that should be N.O.W.'s tradi­ tion," the letter states. NOW national conference. 'Where there are political differences, there should be a full and democratic discussion free of name- "We all feel that N.O.W. should be calling and baiting,' wrote Newark NOW. · open to all women who support the aim~ of theorg~nization regard}ess of ... their political affiliation. "Redbaiting within the women's be open to all women regardless of supporters "SWPers" and all pleas for ence. But she wasn't there for the red­ movement cannot be tolerated by their political persuasions." a full discussion "disruptive.'' baiting motion. When informed about N.O.W. or any other organization NOW members are circulating sim­ Black and Latina women from the it by the Militant, she commented, "It because it will lead to the destruction ilar petitions around the country and Minority Women workshop tried to seems to me· that any group who of our movement and defeat our goals. presenting motions against red-baiting bring issues of concern to them to the . cooperates in good faith with the Where there are political differences, to chapter meetings. floor for debate. They were accused of purposes of NOW should be welcomed there should be a full and democratic Red-baiting has 'long been used in being "used" by the SWP in rumors and shouldn't face any kind of censor­ discussion free of name-calling and the labor, civil rights, and antiwar that circulated around the conference. ship." baiting. movements to discredit and isolate SWP spokesperson Willie Mae Reid Gloria Steinem told the Militant, "I · "We hope that the new national socialists and other militants. Its told the Militant that the conference believe in coalitions around mutually leadership of N.O.W. will reverse this purpose is to shift the spotlight away red-baiting motion is an attempt by the supported issues with other groups, dangerous motion and reaffirm from their ideas and proposals onto NOW leadership to "block any dis­ including the Socialist Workers party." N.O.W.'s non-exclusive character." their real or "suspected" political affili­ agreement with their perspectives for Nancy Borman, publisher of the In Seattle, a petition circulated at the ations. NOW." feminist newspaper Majority Report, NOW meeting right after the national In recent years red-baiting has been "The issue is not the SWP against said, "It's strange for NOW to zero in conference was signed by the chapter seriously undermined. FBI documents NOW, nor is it NOW against the SWP. on the Socialist Workers party when president, treasurer, and several task have revealed that charging "manipu­ The issue is the right of all NOW the most obvious m~nipulation of the force coordinators. lation" by socialists is a favorite members to raise questions or have women's movement has been done by The petition states each signer's government technique in its attempts diverse opinions without fear they will the Democratic party and the Republi­ opposition to the red-baiting motion. to disrupt and divide the women's be labeled 'disruptive' and 'disloyal.' can party.'' "This hurts NOW," it says, and then movement. "Red-baiting cuts across the crucial Borman says the new NOW leader­ continues, "I am opposed to red-baiting Throughout the NOW conference, need to mount a united response to ship is "getting off to a wrong start" and feel strongly that NOW must be members of the SWP and other NOW counter the far-ranging attacks on with this red-baiting motion. She open to any person, regardless of members-many of whom supported a women's rights. . thinks the SWP has helped "to build political affiliation." resolution on Defending Women's "Without free discussion, debate, and NOW as an independent organiza­ Right after the red-baiting motion Rights in the Second Decade-wanted real democracy," Reid concluded, "we tion." was passed at the Detroit conference, to see a full political discussion on can never unite the women's move­ "The ERA demonstrations and abor­ 112 women there signed a petition perspectives for NOW. ment in action." tion rallies that have been initiated by saying, "We are opp'osed to the resolu­ Opponents of this resolution sought Ruth Gage Colby, the well-known SWP members in NOW chapters have tion against the SWP, which is also· a to cover up their political disagree­ peace activist and a founding member been only for the good of NOW and resolution against NOW. NOW should ments by branding all resolution of NOW, attended this year's confer- have helped to build the chapters.'' New York NOW rejects 'lo ally oath' By Marcia Gallo over the country: Boston, New York, Chicago, NEW YORK-More than sixty women filled the Houston, Denver, Seattle, Philadelphia, and even New York headquarters of the National Organiza­ Canada. tion for Women (NOW) April 28 for a membership Komisar's report was devoid of any proof of these meeting. It was the first meeting since the national charges. When she was asked where she got this conference in Detroit the previous weekend. "inside information," she replied that it came from . Under a point on the national gathering, Dianne "personal letters" compiled during the early 1970s. Feeley-a delegate to the conference and head of the She added that this chronicle had to be updated to NOW-New York· Equal Rights Amendment include the most recent charges. subcommittee-took the floor to explain a red­ Komisar went on to question the loyalty of NOW baiting motion passed by the conference after the members who are in the SWP. scheduled adjournment time. · After Komisar finished, Feeley spoke, rejecting The motion "protests attempts by the Socialist this "loyalty oath.'' The "loyalty" of members of Workers party to use NOW" and to "exploit the NOW, she said, is shown through action. feminist movement.'' Feeley told the New York Feeley introduced a motion that stated: meeting that this motion was passed in a "witch­ "NOW-NY reaffirms NOW's tradition and policy hunt atmosphere," using false rumors about the that no person shall be excluded from m~mbership, SWP as fuel. segregated, or otherwise. discriminated against "The red-baiting atmosphere in our chapter will within the organization because of political affilia­ only be intensified if we let this motion stand," she tion, race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, said. economic status, marital status, parenthood, affec­ After Feeley finished speaking Lucy Komisar, a tional preference, or life-style." former national board member of NOW, whipped During debate on the motion, one woman argued out a thick packet of papers and cataloged a series FEELEY: Motion against SWP passed in 'witch-hunt against it on the basis that it would be "counter to of charges against members Gf the SWP and Young atmosphere.' the intent" of the motion passed at the national Socialist Alliance. conference-"the highest body of NOW." MQst of these accusations dated back to the early that time. Nevertheless, Komisar dusted them off Another woman said she supported the non­ 1970s. In 1972 Komisar authored a slanderous for this new attack on NOW members who are in exclusionary motion and noted the similarity of this report that was widely distributed in the women's the SWP. discussion and the one around the "lesbian purge, movement. It was called "Confidential Report to the She charged that the socialists had "stolen which took place in our chapter several years ago." NOW Governing Board on the Activities of the money," "taken over" women's liberation groups, By the time the vote was taken, some women had Socialist Workers Party and the Young Socialist and "diverted" women away from "legislative left the meeting, and several did not vote. But the Alliance." The charges in the slander sheet were action toward mass demonstrations." She reported motion to reaffirm NOW's non-exclusionary policy painstakingly refuted by SWP and YSA members at "atrocity stories" about the SWP and YSA from all passed, twenty-six to six, with three abstentions.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 7 LA. alread)! buses 42,000 Racists OK busing-whites to white schools ·.. By Joanie Quinn charge that some revealing _figures The racists have threatened a Egly's April 26 decision drew fire LOS ANGELES-Black people know came out. "bloody battle" if the school board from the American Civil Liberties -what they're talking about when they ' Robert Barnes, a school official, attempts to use busing-to desegregate. Union, which is representing the say, "lt ain't the bus, it's us." testified that the city is currently One Bustop leader declared they would plaintiffs in the case. ACLU attorney Racist antibusing forces in this city busing 42,000 pupils to school. make South Boston look like a "tea Edward Medvene expressed concern have been waging a fight to prevent Of these, 24,500 are bused for their party." , that by attracting a few minority -school desegregation. Now it has been safety and well-being-either because But busing white children to white students to majority white schools disclosed that 20 percent of the stu- the walk would be too long or too schools seems to be OK. under this phase of the plan, those dents in Los Angeles are bused to dangerous. Likewise with the school board. One schools would them be exempted from school. Only 10,800 are bused for desegrega- of their arguments against implement- further desegregation orders and re- This massive busing has drawn no tion purposes. Another 7,000 are handi- ing a serious desegregation plan is main predominantly white. fire from the racists. Only a small capped students. that Los Angeles can't afford busing. The plan, at best, would bring token fraction of it, you see, is for desegrega- In addition, another 30,000 students Yet the present busing bill of $14 _ desegregation to less than one-third of tion. - are assigned to schools far enough million a year has never even been the city's 264 segregated elementary Figures establishing the present from home that they have to use the consider~ worth mentioning. The schools. scope of school busing came out April public bus system. money suddenly gets tight when there 25 at the court hearing on the "volun- These figures expose the phony are Black and Brown children in- In addition, the plan nowhere ad­ tary desegregation" plan cooked up by racist propaganda about those "terri- volved. dresses the problem of busing white the city school board. The plan has hie yellow buses." On the day following the hearing, students to force upgrading of predomi~ come under strong criticism from Actually, a great deal of busing Superior Court Judge Paul Egly gave nantly Black and Chicano schools. Black and Chicano leaders here. currently takes place in strongholds of his go-ahead to phase one of the school Although Judge Egly urged the The attorney for Bustop, a segrega- racist opposition to desegregation. The board's "voluntary desegregation" board to extend the voluntary phase tionist outfit, has argued.that busing is suburban sprawl here places many plan. Egly himself has conceded that one plan, his ruling puts a stamp of too "dangerous.'' - white students quite far from their the plan fails to desegregate ev_en one legitimacy on the board's effort to­ It was during the debate around this schools. single school. avoid genuine desegregation. Author tours Boston, blasts anti-Black violence By Anne Teesdale other TV stations. violence. Hillson is available for media inter­ Jon Hillson, author of The Battle of Only days before Hillson's tour, the "On the other hand, there is a core of views and speaking engagements. For Boston: Busing .and the Struggle for South Boston Defense League-the people who will fight to the finish. The more information contact Viewpoint School Desegregation, has just com­ paramilitary wing of the antibusing biggest boost to them recently is a Speakers Bureau, 410 West Street, New pleted a successful media tour of that movement-had phoned a threat whole slough of anti-Black decisions York, New York 10014, or call (212) "city to publicize his newly published against a Black rally into WILD, a that have been handed down by the 741-0690 .. book. Black radio station. U.S. Supreme Court." Hillson's account, published by Such threats are not idle talk. Thirty Hillson pointed to the court's recent Pathfinder Press, brings to life the members of the defense league physi­ rulings overturnil).g busing in Austin, events and personalities that shaped cally attacked a March 26 rally Texas, and Indianapolis. the first two years of school desegrega­ against U.S. aid to southern Africa's A chapter of the book that has tion in Boston. As a correspondent for racist regimes. A caller identifying aroused special interest is titled the Militant, Hillson provided week-by­ himself as Dennis O'Conner boasted of "Cracks in the Racist Monolith." It week coverage of the racist antibusing the assault later on a WBCN radio contains anonymous interviews with offensive there and the struggle of the program. "We will use violence to South Boston and Charlestown whites Black community and its allies for protect our community," he said. "Our who were victims of racist harassment educational equality. community is tough, independent, and because they sent their children to Nonetheless, Hillson's book contains white, and that's the way it will stay school in defiance of the antibusing much new material that has never forever.'' boycott.- appeared in the Militant. The new violence had surprised "You -know," Hillson commented, Although Boston is no longer mak­ several of Hillson's interviewers, who ''there's a side to South Boston that ing headlines, attacks against Blacks thought that ROAR (Restore Our even most South Bostonians are not have not abated. And an antibusing Alienated Rights) and other antibus­ aware of. Some of the most intransi­ march in February drew 2,000 people. ing groups were demoralized by their gent white foes of slavery and Black Hillson condemned this new out­ failure to achieve a court reversal of oppression in this city came from burst of racism during his three-day busing. South Boston. John Boyle O'Reilly has _tour April 18-20. He defended desegre­ Hillson warned, "It's true that a school named after him on the 286 pp. $12, paper $3.95 gation and Black rights in interviews ROAR is more isolated now. They have Dorchester-South Boston line. He was Order from Pathfinder Press, with the Bay State Banner, Christian' a smaller base than ever. A growing a great abolitionist. He's probably 410 West Street, - Science Monitor, and four radio sta­ number of whites-even among those rolling in his grave over what's going New York, N.Y. 10014 tions, plus talk shows on NBC and two opposing desegregation-are sick of on now.'' Prolests.answer Ku Klux Klan attacks Philip Butler told the meeting that dents against harassment and intimi­ when a cross was burned on his lawn dation by a minonty of racist students Maryland last month, the police said it was just a Arizona aligning themselves with the Ku Klux By Marc Strumpf harmless prank. By Betsy 1\JcDonald Klan." ' WASHINGTON-A broad cross sec­ There have been at least twenty-four . TUCSON, Ariz.-Under the banner The statement was signed by Margo tion of civil rights activists and vic­ cross burnings in the last two years, "Tucsonans Against Racism," com­ Cowan of the Manzo Area Council; Dr. tims of racist attacks addressed a eight of which have occurred in the munity leaders held a news conference Paul Damon; Jinx Damon of the Speak Out Against Racist Attacks in last month. Although police undercov­ here April 22 _to condemn racist vio­ American Civil Liberties Union; minis­ Prince Georges County held at the er agents have been operating inside lence being fomented in Tucson high ters from four Tucson churches; and First Baptist Church of Glenarden on the Klan for the last seven months, the schools by the Ku Klux Klan. other movement activists. April 25. A hundred people attended. majority of incidents have not been The KKK has attempted to intimi­ PG County, a Washington suburb solved. date and terrorize some 130 Black Becky Yates of the Tucson chapter of with a large and growing Black Ray Hanner of the Socialist Workers students attending Palo Verde High the National Organization for Women population, has recently experienced a party commented, "We have to ask: School. Racist slogans, threats, and a said, "The National Organization for dramatic rise in Ku Klux Klan and .Where were these police undercover cross burning at the school have Women seeks equal rights for women other racist and anti-Semitic activity. agents when these cross burnings were sparked clashes between Black and in education. No woman, no person, The meeting represented a wide taking place?'' white students. The tensions have now can be educated to her full potential in range of organizations and indivi'duals Rabbi Saks of the College Park Hillel spread to other Tucson high schools. an atmosphere of tension and opposed to the attacks, including Foundation told the crowd that Jews hatred. . . . And the students most Sylvester Vaughns, president of the have been harassed by racists and that "We hold that the majority of harmed are Black women who daily PG County NAACP; Ray Hanner of a cross was burned in front of Hillel Tucsonans believe in equality and confront racial and sexual prejudice." the Socialist Workers party; Philip offices. "We are not willing to let democracy," said a statement released Statements were rn,ade by the Tucson Butler and Edith Buie, victims of racist racists have a field day in Prince to the press. "The way to eliminate Student Coalition Against Racism; attacks; Ken Morgan, president of the Georges County," he asserted. racial violence at Palo Verde is to Helen Mautner of the Arizona Civil Black Faculty and Staff Association at NAACP chapter president Sylvester repudiate those who use racial slogans, Liberties Union; Henry Raymond of the University of Maryland; Rabbi Vaughns, a frequent target of threats, racial threats, and physical provoca­ the Black Citizens for Quality Educa­ Saks of the Hillel Foundation; and Ed commented, "What we have is a racist tion against the black students. We tion; Sam Newsome, president of the J oell from the Student Coalition climate in PG County that includes the call on the entire community in Tucson South Arizona chapter of the Philip Against Racism. Klan, that includes the county police." to support the Palo Verde black stu- Randolph Institute; and others.

8 1,200 hear Angela Davis Garza at Iran protest in Seattle slams By Susie Berman SEATTLE-Angela Davis, a well­ Carey's known Black activist and Commu­ nist party leader, addressed a crowd of 1,200 people here April 12 at the 'betrayal' University of Washington. The meet­ ing was the largest yet sponsored by the Committee for Artistic and of Irish Intellectual Freedom in Iran (CAIFI) in defense of Iranian political pri­ By Jenny Brookstone soners. NEW YORK-In a statelJlent re­ Also speaking were CAIFI Nation­ leased here April 23, Socialist Workers al Field Secretary Babak Zahraie; party mayoral candidate Catarino Ahmad Karimi, a former professor Garza blasted Democratic Gov. Hugh at the University of Tehran; now Carey's slanderous attacks on the Irish teaching at Columbia University; freedom struggle. and Ali Shokri, who defected from Carey, speaking at a Dublin news the Iranian air force in .1973 in conference the day before, called Irish protest of the shah's repressive poli­ republicans "killers" and "Marxists" cies. who should not receive "a nickel" from Davis blasted the complicity of the Irish-Americans. u.s. government with the shah's SPEAKERS AT SEATTLE IRAN PROTEST MEETING (left to right): Ali Shokri, Babak Both the official and provisional reign of terror. She explained that Zahraie, Ahmad Karimi, Angela Davis. republican groups are leading organi­ Iran is the largest purchaser of U.S. zations in the struggle for self­ arms. face torture and possible death. The years in Canada; then he returned to determination by Northern Ireland's Davis told the audience that "it is attacks on the Iranian people have the United States. · Catholic majority. The Protestant our responsibility to participate in, escalated in the last year. So far in He is now fighting to remain in minority there supports continued indeed to organize around, demands 1977, Zahraie said, there have been this country. He has been told by · British rule to defend its social and to free political prisoners in Iran." eighty known executions of political immigration authorities, however, economic privileges. Babak Zahraie spoke on how the prisoners in Iran. that since his is a military case, it Many Irish-Americans give funds to shah uses SAVAK-Iran's dread Ahmad Karimi described the ef­ must be handled by the U.S. State aid Catholic freedom fighters and their secret police force-to maintain his fects of the shah's censorship. He Department. families who have been victimized in power. Thousands of SAVAK agents said that writers have developed a The Ad Hoc Committee to Defend both the north and south of Ireland. have been trained to forge, burglar­ habit of self-censorship. Even reli­ Ali Shokri has been formed in British occupation forces have tortured ize, and murder not only in Iran, but gious ceremonies, he reported, are Seattle to help publicize his case and and killed many republicans. Whole in the United States and Europe as tape-recorded by SAV AK. raise funds to pay for legal expenses. Catholic neighborhoods have been well. Shokri defected from the Iranian For more information, contact the targeted by right-wing Protestant ter­ Zahraie estimated there are cur­ air force while stationed at a train­ committee at: 207 HUB, Post Office rorists. In the Irish Republic, freedom rently 100,000 political prisoners in ing base in San Antonio, Texas. He Box 79, University of Washington, fighters are held under intolerable Iran. Thousands of them, he said, lived underground for two-and-a-half Seattle, Washington 98195. prison conditions. Carey's remarks were obviously aimed at undercutting Irish-American aid for victims of this oppression. The New York governor maintained that DeBerry nets 21% in council vote "if the provisionals were simply called 'the Irish killers' and the others 'the Irish Marxists,' people would see what they stood for and they wouldn't Mayoral runoff set in Oakland receive a nickel's worth of support in the United States." By Tom Tomasko offers a meaningful alternative. on these and other issues met with a Carey hypocritically condemned the ' OAKLAND, Calif.-Only 45 percent The socialists call on working people good response here in Oakland. republicans for what he called the of the electorate bothered to vote in here to break with the two big-business DeBerry received 12,904 votes, 21.5 "politics of death." this city's April 19 election for mayor parties and launch their own political percent of the total-between 50 and 60 Garza branded the governor's re­ and city council. alternative. Only an independent in some precincts in the Black com­ marks an "underhanded betrayal of None of the Democratic or Republi­ working-class party, they say, can win munity. His campaign was endorsed the freedom struggle of the Irish can candidates in this supposedly gains for Oakland's labor movement by the Black Panther and the East people. Carey slanders the victims of "nonpartisan" campaign offered any and Black and Chicano communities. Bay Voice, newspaper of the New violence as the perpetrators of vio- The SWP candidates used the elec­ effective solutions to the joblessness· American Movement here. lence." . and racist oppression that confront tion to explain this idea to thousands The Black Panther endorsement "For too long,'' the socialist. candi­ working people here. All the leading of Oakland voters. One high point of said: "Socialist Workers Party candi­ date said, "Irish-Americans have contenders advocated a "better busi­ their campaign was the socialists' date Clifton DeBarry has an impres­ looked to Democratic party politicians ness climate" as the· solution to Oak­ exposure that more than $16.6 million sive record of trade union and socialist­ of Carey's ilk as allies of the Irish civil land's 15 percent unemployment rate. in city pension funds were invested in organizing activity. A strong supporter rights movement. In some parts of the Black communi­ U.S. corporations that operate in South of 'Jobs, Not Jails,' DeBerry has taken "But Carey's April 22 statement ty here, joblessness soars to more than Africa. a leading position in the growing shows that these capitalist politicians 30 percent. On March 22 Boutelle-along with campaign to .end city of Oakland hate and fear the struggle of oppressed Lionel Wilson, a Black superior court Michael Fultz, editor of the Black investment in corporations that have nations from Ireland to Vietnam. They judge favored by most Democratic Panther newspaper; Kara Obradivic of links to apartheid South Africa. Cal­ know the logic of these struggles party leaders in northern California, the Student Coalition Against Racism; ling for a massive public works pro­ against imperialist oppression is to rip received 44 percent of the vote~ He was Paul Cobb of the Oakland Citizens · gram, DeBerry believes, 'Only when these lands from the hands of profit­ also backed by the Black Panther Committee for Urban Renewal; and people get meaningful jobs will the hungry exploiters. party, New American Movement, Com­ John Katz of the New American crime rate go down.' We agree.'' That's why socialists-unlike big­ munist party, and Tom Hayden. Wil­ Movement-presented a statement to DeBerry's opponent, Goerge Vukas­ business politicians like Carey­ son will face David Tucker-a white the city council demanding withdrawal in, an incumbent Republican, was also consistently support the Irish freedom investment banker-in a May 17 of these investments in apartheid. backed by the Democrats. struggle,'' Garza continued. runoff election. The statement was signed by more Coren ran against three opponents "Irish-Americans will never win the The Socialist Workers party than a dozen community leaders, in her district. She received 2,042 votes, support of Blacks, Puerto Ricans, and candidates-Paul Boutelle for mayor organizations, and candidates, includ­ or 3.2 percent~ other potential allies of the Irish and Jude Coren and Clifton DeBerry ing Wilson; U.S. Rep. Rofi Dellums; Boutelle ran sixth in a field of ten struggle,'' the SWP candidate warned, ·for city council-are telling Oakland John George, Alameda County super­ candidates for mayor. He received 363 "while they serve among the sh9ck voters that neither Tucke;r nor Wilson visor; Dr. Carlton Goodlet and Thomas votes, or .5 percent. troops for the Democratic party's Fleming, the publisher and editor of antibusing drive-as many do in the Sun Reporter, a Black newspaper; Boston-or as vote getters for the and Michael Martin, editor of another Democratic party's cutback artists in Black newspaper, the California Voice. New York City, Albany, and Washing­ But the city council voted five to two ton. against withdrawing the investments. "Those who truly support the liberat­ The SWP candidates also blasted the ing thrust of the Irish freedom struggle plan by Alameda County to spend have nothing to gain from also sup­ more than $34 million to build a new porting the profits-first, racist, union­ pretrial detention jail in Oakland. busting Democratic party. It's time Such funds, they said, should be used that Irish-Americans learned this les­ instead for job-creating public works son and broke out of the dead end programs-which could help build new Democratic party politics." schools, hospitals, and child-care cen­ ters. The jail, ironically, is designed to hold people too poor to raise bail. PAUL BOUTELLE The SWP's aggressive·campaigning

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 9 In Our Opinion Let ten Warfare on welfare President Carter unveiled his welfare reform plan May 2. A message from Rather than the comprehensive reorganization he had prom­ ised, he delivered a dozen "goals." Andres Figueroa Cordero "There should be incentives to be honest and to eliminate The Militant has received the When a people take consciousness fraud," the president pontificated in goal number ten. "The following two letters from An­ of their duties and of what is right, programs should be simpler and easier to administer." dres Figueroa Cordero. Figueroa they ought to defend the oppressed But behind the vagueness and platitudes, the thrust of Cordero is one of five Puerto of all nations of the world. And Carter's program is reactionary to the core. Rican nationalists who have thereby, conscience begins to flower Goal number one: "No higher initial cost than the present been held in federal prison since before the eyes of humanity. systems." This means no additional aid to the poor. With the early 1950s. · Imperialism on one hand is look­ Although Figueroa Cordero is ing for peace, and on the other hand inflation, it means a cut in real aid. dying of cancer, the government commits aggression against the free The average state pays out $275 a month-$3,300 a year-to a refuses to release him. peoples of the world. Look at Thai­ family of four enrolled in Aid to Families with Dependent The longer of the two letters land, where an aggression is taking Children, the main welfare program. That's way below even the was sent to Militant staff writer place just like the one in Cambodia. official government poverty level of $5,500. Jose G. Perez, who visited Figu­ The demagogues of this nation of Goals two, three, four, five, and seven are all roundabout eroa Cordero in prison last fall liberty and religion are hypocrites. ways of saying that people on welfare must accept whatever job along with Socialist Workers They are the ones who carry out the government offers. This is demagogy aimed. at whipping up party presidential candidate Pe­ these aggressions against the peo­ ter Camejo. It has been translat­ ples of Asia ·and Africa and the racist sentiment against "welfare bums." But of the 11.2 million ed from Spanish by the Militant. Middle East and all the other na­ people in the main welfare program, all but 700,000 are children tions of the world. The world is too or their mothers. And the overwhelming majority of the rest are I am in receipt of your letter of small for these parasites. disabled or old people. · March 18, 1977, which states that What might Carter's plan mean in practice? In Milwaukee, you are updating your subscribers There can be no doubt that [An­ welfare recipients are forced to work for the county at two list to the Militant. drew] Young has to leave the United Nations, because things are going dollars an hour. After taxes and job-related expenses, they· take I enjoy reading the paper and would very much like to continue badly for the Black puppet. That home less than forty-five dollars a week. receiving it.... post is for the white puppets and To make room for the 600 forced laborers, the county fired 550 Thank you for reminding me of criminals and pirates and thieves employees. They had been paid more than twice as much and the necessity of renewing my sub­ and con men and rogues and hypo­ had hospitalization insurance, retirement benefits, and a union. scription, and let me say that I look crites. Carter's welfare "goals" dovetail with two related measures forward to receiving your paper for a Greetings to the leftist people of he took in April. One was a proposed reorganization of the food long time to come. the United States and the oppressed stamp program. Benefits will be reduced for one-third of all masses of the planet. And to Latino Dear compaiieros, peoples-Central, South, North recipients and 1.5 million people will be purged. I thank you very much for your American and Antillian-a very The second was a cut in unemployment benefits. Maximum noble newspaper, the Militant, and cordial greeting in the name of the coverage for the long-term unemployed has been reduced from your noble members who know how free and sovereign and independent sixty-five to fifty-two weeks. In addition, your 8enefits can be to maintain it, to their credit. It is a republic of Puerto Rico. cut off after thirty-nine weeks if you don't accept a minimum­ paper for the liberation struggle of jPatria o muerte y venceremos! wage job. Under the old rules, the government couldn't force the North American people and the Andres Figueroa Cordero #78998-132 you to take a cut in pay of more than 10 percent. working masses, who fight to free themselves from the exploiting Box 4000 Carter's program is more cutbacks and a lower standard of hands of the imperialist parasites. Springfield, Missouri 65802 living for working people. What. should be done instead is to guarantee a job to every person at union-scale wages; and guarantee those unable to work an income equal to that of a Racism and prejudice it, flaunt it," understatement is often a union-scale worker. more powerful way to underscore your The money to finance such a program is available from Roger Witherspoon's fine column accomplishments. Printing the reprinted in the April 29 Militant Carter's budget. It should be taken from the record $120 billion photograph of correspondent David contained what I believe is a slight military appropriation. Frankel posed with West Bank error. Mr. Witherspoon states, "We do villagers in the April 22 issue was a not ask that whites give up any way of emphasizing the Militant's prejudices or preconceived notions "scoop" that came out appearing about us, either." amateurish and failed to add to the As. a white worker, I am article's impact. A well-beaten PATH continuously aware of these President Carter claims that his new energy plan will help s.w. "prejudices" that afflict many white New York, New York conserve the earth's gas and oil supplies. workers. It is extremely important for If Carter were genuinely concerned about conserving these these workers to discover the origin of valuable resources, he logically would have proposed a massive these socially repressive traits before expansion and overhaul of this country's mass transit system. they can remove them from their But because Carter's real concern is boosting the profits of the characters. Social 'security' giant energy trust, he didn't utter one word about mass As long as white workers tenaciously I work for the Social Security Administration, which each month transportation in his eriergy message to Congress. hold on to these "prejudices" and think in terms of "them and us," Blacks and dispenses millions of retirement, Taking a cue from the White House, the U.S. Supreme Court all other minorities will not be able to disability, and supplemental income has now leveled a blow at mass transit. move forward. checks. The court barred the Port Authority of New York and New It is necessary to replace division . The subject of Social Security and its Jersey from spending any money it gets from bridge and tunnel with solidarity. Without positive labor obvious inequities would take a five­ tolls to expand mass transit. solidarity no worker will be able to page report. I'd like to discuss only the Supplemental Security Income Bondholders had sued PATH because-they claimed-mass progress-:-not even the white worker. Craig McKissic program, which began in January transportation projects lose money and their precious, tax-free Silver Spring, Maryland 1974. dividends might be threatened. The program has so many The court backed them up. The justices ruled that the plan to qualifications that many people are allocate tolls to mass transit violates the cOn.stitutiomi.l discouraged from applying, many are protection of contracts. The bondholders, you see, bought. bonds On the spot declared ineligible, and program expecting the Port Authority to rake in a lot of money on tolls, Bravo to the Militant's continuing employees develop a callous and not "squander" them on luxuries such as subways. use of on-the-spot coverage to keep its adversary attitude toward the people readers highly informed-most they are supposed to help. So all the rhetoric about rational use of "dwindling" natural recently David Frankel's excellent Instructions are written to make the resources went out the window. Instead, the court gave top article from the Mideast. program as impersonal as possible. We priority to what is most important to American capitalism­ Stories like Cindy Jaquith's are deluged by instructions telling how profits and dividends. interviews with striking UMW miners to collect overpayments-usually the And the needs of working people and concern for the in Brookside, Kentucky, several years administration's _fault in the first environment came out last. ago and Jose G. Perez's moving place-from these poor Americans. Justice Harry Blackmon, who wrote the decision, said it all. account of the vigil outside the Utah The entire program is based on fear. prison as Gary Gilmore was led away On the average, if an individual Although he conceded that mass transportation is a desirable for execution are not easily forgotten aged or disabled person has more than goal, Blackmun asserted: "A state cannot refuse to meet its and set the Militant apart from its $187.80 per month income, he or she is legitimate financial obligations simply because it would prefer competition. ineligible for the Supplemental to spend the money to promote the public good rather than the One small suggestion, however. Security Income program. A couple private welfare of its creditors." Contrary to the saying "If you've got with more than $271.80 income is also

10 National Picket"_Lille' Frank Lovell

ineligible. How can anyone survive on 'Parity' for teachers that mere pittance? There never was a time of silence when small voices don't we get a raise? Why don't we get to pass along _ The answer is, they don't. Many go of protest were not heard in the union movement increases in the cost of living instead of getting stuck without things-like food. against working conditions imposed by employers and with the bill. This is how a cost of living clause would We have had to disqualify obviously dictatorial control imposed by uniop bureaucrats. protect us. When prices go up, we would get a pay destitute people just because they have Today these voices are becoming stronger, clearer, and increase. That way we would pass along our increased a $200 montly pension. The whole sharper than in the recent past. costs that come from an inflation we did not cause. We system is blatantly unfair, but no one Many locals in nearly every major union have an will do anything about it. would stop getting poorer every year, and we would M.C. activist caucus or a regular unofficial publication that not always be the ones forced to sacrifice." tries to be the "voice of opposition." Some have Another short piece in this newsletter is about developed from petty struggles over local union posts, unionism. The following is what it says: representing little more than the hopes of a small "Union? What Union?? Torture group of disappointed office-seekers. "Has anybody seen th~ union lately? · An article advocating torture written Not so long ago this was the typical "opposition "Last fall we were sold a 3 percent raise, then it by Patrick J. Buchanan appeared in caucus." That may still be true, but something disappeared. Every two weeks it takes $19.65 out of our the January/February issue of Skeptic different is beginning to appear. Some of the more paychecks, then it disappears again. magazine. I immediately wrote a letter recent genuine rank-and-file publications express ideas "Is it any wonder we feel alone and isolated? The of protest to the editor of the Chicago about real union problems. Administration has pushed our backs against the Tribune, which carries Buchanan's An example is a small mimeographed newsletter for wall. We have antagonized the community by asking syndicated column. teachers at a Michigan community college. It is it to pay higher taxes. We have antagonized students A month later I received a reply from produced by Ron Jameson, who is a teacher at the by supporting higher tuition and letting the Board Buchanan, restating his position: "The college and a member of the National Education raise class sizes. moral argument can be made that if Association. Jameson's newsletter is called Parity, "Because we are not united, we have no union. there are isolated occasions when it is which I suppose has some local meaning. It is in its Because we feel weak, we have no leadership. Because moral to use lethal force . . . then, second year of publication. The issue that caught my we have no leadership, we have no direction. So we go conceivably, there are occasions when attention is Volume II, No. 1, dated March 23, 1977. backwards, and from year to year things get worse. less lethal means, i.e. inducing This is what it says: "Things could be different. We could say we are physical pain, may be justified." "Why We Need a Cost of Living Clause serious about defending our jobs and living conditions. But his whole article was based on "The price of gas has gone up for everybody. This We could elect a leadership committed to struggle. the argument that torture was less a violation of rights than killing. I still winter's heating bills are tWice as high I!_S last year's. That would force the Administration to take note. And reject this. A bill of $100 a month means living in colder houses, we would be taking our first step forward. Countries that use capital having less and cutting back on necessities just to stay "To do that we. need to build a democratic union. We punishment openly announce warm. need a union that actually exists and that is willing to executions. But those that torture "The gas company-which wants to raise the rates fight day to day for its members. We need union steadfastly deny it. The reason seems again-says that it hasn't raised the price of gas. It meetings and membership participation. We need a obvious to me, although it apparently has just passed along its increased costs. newsletter and open communication. We need a union escapes Buchanan. "The College must pay more for heat too. So must that encourages us to file grievances and protects us P.R. the State. Even if temperatures are lowered and we on the job. Joliet, Illinois work uft.der colder conditions, they still must pay more. "This means we don't need a leadership team of two This is because the cost of gas has gone up. or three, but a union of the members. This can happen "The gas company does not have to go on strike to only if we build a fighting union." cover increasing costs. It does not face the threat of This does not pretend to answer the present-day Carter's 'mandate' being fired or victimized by the State or the Adminis­ problems of the working class, which are basically the tration. Its leaders are n;rt thrown in jail. It just passes problems of the decaying capitalist society. But when The capitalist press has created the impression that Jimp1y Carter got 51 on the increased prices because costs have gone up. workers in their unions begin to raise these kinds of percent of the popular vote in the And the State pays the bill. questions, they are on the road to finding the answers November election. Comprehensive "Well, what about us? When our costs go up why to their problems. statistics are hard to come by, but I have managed to calculate that Carter actually fell 13,565 votes short of 50 percent and is, in fact, a minority president, as Nixon was when he took Women in Revolt office in 1969. More than 2 percent of the voters deserted the Democratic and Republican parties. This is remarkable Willie Mae Reid because the elections fell during the kind of "Republican" economic stagnation that usually drives a What price unity? majority of the voters into the arms of the Democrats. It should also be noted DETROIT-Outgoing President Karen DeCrow "I don't really think there was a valid political that nearly half the eligible voters-47 turned over the reins of the National Organization for discussion arranged for. I didn't need any socialist percent-"were so disenchanted that Women (NOW) to Eleanor Smeal in an atmosphere party to point this out to me," a Florida NOW member they stayed away from the polls. that DeCrow said was a first for NOW. told the Militant. Whether Carter received just under "History is being made here today," DeCrow "There is no minority representation on various or just over half the vote may seem a proclaimed. "You have a former president and a committees that are taking up critical issues," this trivial point. But it is well to remind current president standing here on the same platform delegate-who preferred that the Militant not rise her ourselves that his policies do not arise together who are going to smile at each other and get name-went on to explain. "There is no outreach to from some popularly ordained along." The two embraced. Blacks and minorities. "mandate." Rather, they are the work This message of "unity" pervaded the NOW nation­ "There is no outreach to anyone who is different. of a minority president whose much­ al conference held here April 21-24. The "majority They really do not seem to be inviting all types from vaunted popularity in the public caucus" and "minority caucus," whose battle for the mainstream to come into the chapters and join. opinion polls is a bubble which should leadership dominated the last conference, in'Philadel­ "Just those that they think are like them or can be soon burst. phia, dissolved into a congenjal whole for this molded to be with them. In other words, they do not Lawrence Daley meeting. They are firmly united on NOW's future like dissent. I feel that the movement looks like it has Detroit, Michigan course. moved to the right." But this "unity" in NOW is phony. Conference The Equal Rights Amendment lost in Florida just participants were not of one mind on how to move the before the conference. The defeat was still on her mind struggle for women's rights forward. To claim that as she described the politicians NOW had lobbied. they were before the conference had even started-as "I felt that we are selling our souls to these DeCrow did at a news conference-could only be seen politicians who may vote for the ERA. I had a chance as a move to stifle discussion. to talk to several of them at length. They voted for the And that's exactly what happened. Women who ERA, but their positions on other things horrified me. tried to introduce political discussion on a different Some of them are plain out and out misogynists." perspective were made to look like opponents of a "The thing about this conference that disturbs me," The letters column is an open united women's movement. The idea of having she said, "is that they are stifling dissent. We have got forum for all viewpoints on sub­ political discussion before the election of officers was to have dissent and democracy or it is not going to jects of general interest to . our portrayed as ·divisive. work." readers. Please keep your letters Those NOW members who opposed the leadership's A red-baiting motion passed at the end of the brief. Where necessary they will proposal for relying on Democrats and wanted to have conference, charging SWP members in NOW with be abridged. Please indicate if this strategy debated all became part of a rumored "using" and "exploiting" the feminist movement, will your name may be used or if you "take-over" by the Socialist Workers party. be used to try to whip dissenters into line. prefer that your initials be used Many women resented this insult to their ability to For the sake of unity around a losing strategy, NOW instead. think for themselves. members are being robbed of their right to disagree. ·

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 11 The. Great Society Harry Ring

Petty criticisms-"And while there the White House. He said it made him Pentagon doves-Sen. Thomas economically." Two-thirds, ht;l said, are is undoubtedly a need for national realize how high food costs are when Mcintyre (D-N.H.) says American "people killing one another in drunken energy planning . . . the most effective he \got a $600 grocery bill for the first nuclear strategy calls for destroying 70 brawls, criminals killing criminals, step the U.S. could take ... is to free ten days. percent of the Soviet industry that police and honest people killing crimi­ up domestic prices of crude oil, gaso­ would be required for recovery after a nals." line and natural gas. For a variety of war. However, the senator expressed reasons, to be sure, that can't be done Sounds reasonable-Ice on the concern because the Pentagon advised all at once. There would be renewed Chesapeake Bay isolated Smith Island him that the Soviet population was uproar about 'obscene' profits, and the from the. rest of Maryland during the "not targeted per se." Wrong school-"One Berkeley utility bills of homeowners . . . would winter storms. State officials dropped alumnus, Peter Camejo '66, ran for shoot up too fast."-Fo,rtune magazine. plans to fly in disaster-employment president on the Socialist Workers applications in favor of handling them ticket but lost to an alumnus of the by phone. But, local fishermen report­ InCludes few doctors-Dr. Joe U.S. Naval Academy and Georgia Grouse and grits?-President Car­ ed, insurance agents were flown in by Davis, Dade County, Florida, medical Institute of Technology."-The Califor­ ter is picking up the food tab for the helicopter to collect monthly pay­ examiner, says most murders are no nia Monthly, UC Berkeley alumni eight members of his family living in ments. loss to the community, "socially or magazine. iLa Raza en Acci6n! Miguel Pendas Issues facing Chicanas BOULDER, Colo.-"The Chicana," wrote Susie Chicana; Chicanas and the Legal/Political System; women and minorities in the state university Chac6n and Irene Blea Gutierrez, "like a butterfly Senior Chicanas; and Children: Business, Health, system. from a cocoon, is emerging from her traditional role Education, and Social Services. The workshop on religion proposed that priest­ as a homemaker, to one of active participation in An important as~ct of the conference was a hood be extended to women and that there be "altar her community." series of cultural events, which incfuded Chicana girls." It was clear in the question period that many That was the sentiment expressed at the Chicana poets, musicians, and teatro skits. in the audience were · far more critical of the .. conference held here April 22-23. After the panels, the (!Onference broke down into Catholic church's policy toward women than were Judging from the enthusiasm and optimism smaller workshops where the audience could partici- the panelists. there, the participants are more than happy about pate more fully. During the children panel one woman said that that "emergence." personal freedom for Chicanas should include the The conference was an important step forward for Two speakers on the legal/political panel vehe­ right to abortion and birth control. She declared, Chicanas who are beginning to discuss how they mently opposed the Equal Rights Amendment, "We can find an identity outside the home and are oppressed. Strong sentiment was expressed for claiming that it is a "bourgeois plot" intended to family. It should be something the culture does not carrying this discussion to the national level. "divide the working class." In the workshop, they look down upon." She was applauded. Nearly 350 persons registered at the conference, proposed that a resolution opposing the ERA be the first such gathering to be held in Colorado. presented to the general body. The children workshop discussed. at length the Actual attendance was higher. However, several women questioned this position, importance of bilingual education. Resolutions According to Cleo Estrada, who was in charge of and the idea of an anti-ERA resolution was advocated adequate health care and the availability registration, 73 percent were women, 27 percent dropped. of birth control for Chicanas. The workshop sharply were men. She estimated that 97 percent were Nonetheless, the workshop easily agreed to pass condemned the use of "our Latin American sisters Chicano. resolutions in support of equal pay for equal work, as guinea pigs" by U.S. drug companies for testing The conference received the active support of the paid maternity leaves, day-care centers, and an end unsafe birth control methods. United Mexican-American Students on campus. to forced sterilization. As one of its final acts, the conference voted to The Denver East chapter of the National Organiza­ A resolution also passed opposing the Bakke endorse the boycott of Coors beer called by tion for Women sent a statement of support. decision by the California Supreme Court. This Chicanos and striking brewery workers in nearby Panel discussions included Religion and the ruling undermines affirmative-action programs for Golden. · Capitalism Fouls Things Up Arnold Weissberg 'Two chances in a thousand' One of the worst oil spills in history began April "will affect our fish resources with almost ruinous In a rational society, where human life was more 22 when a North Sea well "blew out." More than 4 consequences, as there is a thick layer of oil on the important than saving a buck, the discovery that million gallons of oil were dumped into the water surface of the sea, killing the larvae and the fish someone had been exposed to a carcinogen would be during the first week. eggs which would provide next year's fish." cause for alarm. The blowout occurred during routine maintenance Why did the Norwegian government give the But in the United States things are different. of the rig, 160 miles offshore. A 250-square-mile oil green light to North Sea drilling despite these risks? slick began drifting toward the coasts of Norway In March the North Sea .field pumped nearly 10 It seems the National Institute for Occupational and Denmark. million barrels of oil. The going price is about Safety and Health (NIOSH) knows of 74,000 The first try at capping the well failed. Part of the $14.50 a barrel. workers who have been exposed to a high cancer apparatus needed to halt the oil flow had been You figure it out. risk. But it has so far refused to notify them. installed upside down. There are many such offshore oil rigs within 160 NIOSH studies may turn up another 123,000 Ironically, the Norwegian government-which is miles of the U.S. coast. workers who have been exposed, said Dr. John part owner of the well-noted the serious conse­ A government study released last year admitted Finklea, NIOSH head. quences of such a blowout a year ago. A State Oil to a 64 percent likelihood that oil from a North NIOSH apparently isn't concerned that an early Directorate report pointed out that a blowout could Atlantic spill would reach the U.S. shore. In other warning of carcinogen exposure can mean the spill as. many as 1.5 million tons of oi.l at the rate of words, count on it. - difference between life and death. 10,000 tons a day. With enough offshore drilling going on, spills Finklea said his agency couldn't notify the But it estimated the likelihood of a blowout as aren't accidents any more. They have become affected workers because it lacked the authority and only two in a thousand. certainties. the funds. Yet it happened. He offered instead to tum the names over to other Cleaning up the oil will be a very difficult task in * * * agencies. the stormy and unpredictable weather of the North Millions of workers are exposed every day to Since most of the ·exposed workers are poor, Sea. cancer-causing substances. Many of them don't Finklea said, simply notifying them without taking But even cleaning up can't undo the damage. know it, either because their employer doesn't any follow-up action "might do more harm than Hans Christian Bugge, director of the Norway bother to tell the~ or because no one has ever good" -because they couldn't afford medical care Pollution Control Authority, said the huge spill checked on the possible effects of exposure. anyway.

12 Gay rights supporters rally in Miami By Joe Kear long as they don't "flaunt their discrimination firsthand. He was MIAMI-More than 300 people perversion." discharged from the air force when rallied at Temple Israel here April 28 "Anita Bryant gets me really he dared to identify himself publicly in support of gay rights. angry," David Kopay said. "She as a homosexual. It was the largest public event so says it's okay to have homosexual Now, Matlovich is a spokesperson far in a campaign to preserve a Dade teachers as long as they're in their for the Dade County Coalition for County ordinance that prohibjts closets and not being themselves. Human Rights, the major group discrimination based on "affectional She. would say there should be no organizing support for the ordi­ or sexual preferences." Right-wing homosexual coaches. What if I nance. He urged people to attend the forces led by singer Anita Bryant wanted to pursue a career as a weekly coalition meetings and the hope to repeal the ordinance in a coach? Anita Bryant is not willing to coalition's May 3 benefit concert by special June 7 referendum. give anybody that right to be them­ Rod McKuen. selves." Matlovich was asked how he felt The meeting, sponsored by the To show the impact of antigay about voting on gay rights. American Civil Liberties Union, was discrimination, one member of the "I feel like a Jew in Nazi Germany an informal panel discussion among audience took an on-the-spot survey. 01" a Black in 1954 in Selma, Alaba­ former National Football League "How many people here would lose ma," he responded. "The majority player David Kopay, Massachusetts their jobs if tomorrow they let it be doesn't have the right to decide the State Rep. Elaine Noble, former air known that they were homosexu­ rights of the minority." force Sgt. Leonard Matlovich, and als?" the person asked. Many hands University of Miami law professor shot into the air. "How many would Unfortunately, Florida's Demo­ Bruce Winning. lose custody of a child?" More hands cratic Gov. Reubin Askew disagrees. Most questions from the· audience went up. "How many might be On April 29 he. gave the antigay reflected concern about how to evicted from apartments? bigots a boost by announcing, "If I respond to Anita Bryant's antigay "This is the reason we will have to were in Miami, I would find no slurs. For example, Bryant says wiri this election!" difficulty in voting to repeal the MATLOVICH: 'I feel like a Jew in Nazi gays aren't discriminated against as Leonard Matlovich knows antigay ordinance." Germany.' Banks faces extradition Chicago By Harry Ring LOS ANGELES-A California appeals court women ruled April 25 that Gov. Edmund Brown must send American Indian Movement leader Dennis Banks back to South Dakota. setMay14 Governor Brown had, in effect, refused to extra~ dite Banks by saying he was studying the case. Brown made it clear his study would go on equal rights indefinitely. · Banks is wanted in South Dakota for sentencing on trumped-up rioting and assault charges. The r demonstration cha1·ges stem from a February 1973 police attack on By Suzanne Haig an Indian protest in Custer, South Dakota. CHICAGO-If you tuned into any one of seven The attack on the demonstration was only one of Chicago radio stations April 26 you probably heard many grievances that led Indians on the nearby reports of an upcoming demonstration for the Equal Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to occupy the town Rights Amendment. of Wounded Knee in 1973. After that occupation, the. In addition, three major daily newspapers and government decided to crush AIM. three television stations covered the news confer­ The government framed up scores of activists; ence that day announcing plans for the May 14 many were railroaded to prison. Other AIM march and rally at the Chicago Civic Center. members have been murdered; the culprits to this A vote on the ERA is expected in the state day remain unpunished. legislature late this spring. Organizations backing Banks has been a central· target of the govern­ the May 14 action include: ERA Illinois; Phoenix ment attacks. He was a co-defendant in the 1974 Illinois and South Suburban chapters of the Wounded Knee. trial in St. Paul, Minnesota, which National Organization for Women; National Coun­ ended in vindication for the Indians. cil of Negro Women; National Alliance of Black Banks's trial on the Custer charges came up in INDIAN LEADER DENNIS BANKS Feminists; Socialist Workers party; and leaders of the summer of 1975. Few details are known about the Urban League, Coalition of Labor Union the case, since it was conducted under a sweeping · Women, and Amalgated Clothing and Textile judicial gag order. Workers Union. After an all-white jury convicted him, Banks 750,000 signatures on petitions, Governor Brown During the past week, groups outside Illinois failed to appear for sentencing. FBI agents arrested decided Banks could stay. informed the Committee for the ERA of their plans him in January 1976 as a fugitive from "justice." Brown says he will appeal the latest court to attend the rally. Car pools to Chicago are being After his arrest, Banks explained he fled South decision to the California Supreme Court. At issue organized by the Wayne State University Commit­ Dakota out of fear for his life. He appealed for is a 1937 statute that takes away from California's tee to Defend the ERA in Detroit; Ann Arhor­ public support ~gainst extradition. governor the latitude other governors have to shield Washtenaw County, Michigan, NOW; and Racine, Prodded by numerous rallies, protests, and persons from extradition. Wisconsin, NOW. Demonstrators will assemble at 1:00 p.m. at the Civic Center and will return to the center for a 2:00 p.m. ralfy after a march through the area. For more information, contact the Committee for Mohawk, Skyhorse hospitalized the ERA at the offices of the American Civil Liberties Union, 5 South Wabash, Room 1516, By Dave Brown malnutrition. For two-and-a-half years they have Chicago, Illinois 60603. Telephone; (312) 236-5564. LOS ANGELES-The savage brutality the gov­ been fed a diet meant only for temporary inmates. ernment has used against American Indian Move­ Judge Dodson's ruling means that jury selection ment activists Richard Mohawk and Paul Skyhorse proceedings will cease while the activists are PHOENIX-Picketers outside the capitol building was dramatized here May 2 when Judge Floyd undergoing treatment. • here clapped and shouted May 2 when they heard Dodson granted a defense motion that the two men Mohawk and Skyhorse are on trial for killing a the news: the ERA was voted out of senate be hospitalized. cab driver two-and-a-half years ago. The govern­ committee. The picketers vowed to return May 5 They are to be treated for conditions resulting ment's case is based on testimony of persons when the amendment hits the senate floor. from a February 23 beating in the Ventura County, arrested at the scene of the crime with blood on These activities stem from an April 17 ERA rally California, jail. At least six guards beat them so their clothes. These persons have been treated with that drew more than 200 people. Rally speakers severely that they were taken to the county hospital kid gloves in exchange for testimony against the reflected the broad support here for ratification. emergency room at the time. AIM members. They included leaders· of the Arizona AFL-CIO Since then their medical problems have contin­ No physical evidence linking Mohawk and Committee on Political Education, NAACP, Arizo­ ued. The defense obtained the services of Dr. Elsi Skyhorse to the crime has emerged, · and the na Education Association, Arizona Indian Political Giorgi, who examined the men and submitted an activists charge they are victims of a politically Caucus, Socialist Workers party, Tucson NOW, affidavit to the court. motivated frame-up. Feminists United for Action, and State Sen. Sue Dr. Giorgi said that Mohawk may have brain In other recent developments, Mohawk and Dye. damage and must undergo further tests. Skyhorse Skyhorse, who are acting as their own attorneys, has a damaged liver. She also recommended that have finally obtained legal help of their own Skyhorse be taken off the potent pain killer Talwin. choosing. Leonard Weinglass will head the team of Since Talwin is addictive, Skyhorse will experience five lawyers that will act as cocounsel for both men. withdrawal symptoms. Weinglass was a defense attorney in the Chicago Also, Dr. Giorgi said, both men are suffering from Seven Conspiracy and Pentagon papers cases.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 13 Issues in Denver school race ~li e~: By Miguel Pendas DENVER-In the fall of 1975 Anglo pupils became a minority in Denver's public elementary schools. The new majority is made up of minorities: Chicanos, 29.4 percent; Blacks, 18.5 percent; and other nonwhites 2.2 percent. . Each year the percentage of Blacks and Chicanos in the city's schools rises. This fact underscores the main issue in the upcoming school board election: the right of Black and Chicano students to an equal education. · · Because even though Blacks and Chicanos comprise the majority, they are still the victiins of a: dil!lcriminatory and racist school system. What does an equal education mean? It means· bilingu8.l-bicultural education. It means desegrega­ tion of the schools by busing and any other means necessary. It means affirmative action to hire more minority teachers. · Today, Chicano teachers comprise less than 5 percent of tlie teaching staff in Denver. That is a disgrace. But just having Chicano and Black teachers ·is not enough. We need a curriculum that is grounded in the true history, culture, and language of Chicanos and other minorities. We need special programs to make up for past discrimination in all fields-sciences, social studies, language skills. What we've got What have we got? Colorado's bilingual program is said to be the best in the nation. But a closer look reveals that it is far from adequate. Only eighteen out of Denver's ninety-two elemen­ tary schools have a bilingual program, and this only goes as far as kindergarten. Only three schools

Miguel Pendas is a staff correspondent for the give them the right to suppress the cultural and Chicanos to an equal education that they are Militant and the Socialist Workers party language rights of a minority. Minorities have already trying to cut back the fledgling bilingual program. candidate for Denver school board in the May rights too. The Showalter bill that would greatly reduce the 17 election. This article is based on a talk at a Then there are people who argue that bilingual­ bicultural education is .superlluous ·and a waste of extent of bilingual programs has passed the state campaign kickoff rally March 26. time. Better to teach children Readin', 'Ritin', and house with bipartisan support. The legislators claim 'Rithmetic. there is no money to educate Chicanos. At the same time they are slashing the bilingual program, have bilingual education through the third grade. Learning the three Rs however, the state legislature is getting ready to The director of bilii}gual education in Denver says What these ignoramuses don't understand is that vote a fat pay increase to top state officials-also the program is needed in at least forty schools; ·there is more than one way to learn, the three tts. with bipartisan support. The governor is slated to Despite the description of these programs as For many Chicanos, the most effective way is get a $20,000 raise. "bilingual-bicultural," they are much less than that. bilingually. The Showalter bill passed the house although 90 A program that only teaches Spanish . in A government study issued more than a year ago percent of the people who testified at the hearings kindergarten-or ev~n through the third iirade::....is ShOW$ that bilingual edUcation is more than a on the measure spoke against reducing bilingual not a real bilingual program. It will not produce right-it is a necessity. Up to half of all Chicanitos programs. Chicanos came from all over the state to bilingual individuals, because students will lose begin school with Spanish as their primary lan­ support bilingmil-bicultural education. Not one their ability in Spanish when it is no longer part of guage. The study shows that unless their ability in teacher or administrator testified for the Showalter their school curriculum. Spanish is developed, their entire life will be bill. hampered. Yet it passed. This shows us how determined the Showalter bill Children who do not master their first language Democratic and Republican politicians are in their Carl Showalter, the state legislator who is trying thoroughly develop a handicap in understanding drive to take away all the gains that have been to do away with bilingual education altogether, and being able to carry out any kind of mental made in education by Chicanos and Blacks. more accurately describes what we have as a activity. This includes learning the English lan­ The main target right now is bilingual education. -· "transitional" program. It is intended to "help" guage, and it also affects math, history, sociology­ But if the rulers have their way on this, they will Chicanos who begin school with Spanish as their everything. Language is one of the most basic skills only be encouraged to roll back other gains made by first language make the "transition" to English. a human being can possess. minorities. Then-the program assumes-the Spanish will It's ironic that some people can look on bilingual­ drop away and the child will become a "real ism for Chicanos as a waste of time. They look Threat to desegregation American" who speaks only English. down on a Chicano who speaks Spanish. But when For example, there is a desegregation plan in The intent is not bilingual education. It is to an Anglo studies Spanish and gets a degree in it, effect in Denver. It is very limited, but it nonethe­ destroy the language and culture of Chicanos. this is considered a sign of great intellectual less represents a · gain. But the people who are Showalter and the other bigots who oppose achievement. fighting to get rid of bilingualism are the same bilingual education think that speaking Spanish at Chicanos who are forced into an English-only bigots who want to put a stop to busing to home before starting school is a hereditary disease program when they start school-even though their desegregate the schools. They are the same people that must be wiped out. primary language is Spanish-never learn either who want to institute textbook censorship in the But it's not Chicanos who are sick. The sick language very well. This is one reason why schools. Their ultimate aim is to return to segregat­ people are the racists who have no respect for the Chicanos suffer the highest functional illiteracy ed schools. right of other races and nationalities to preserve rates in the nation, and why the dropout rate for There are three bigots on the Denver school board their cultural heritage. · Chicano students is so high, reaching 50 percent in who rode into office on a crest of race prejudice as Bilingual-bicultural education is not a privilege, it many high schools. staunch opponents of busing and bilingual educa­ is a right. Es nuestro derecho. As adults these Chicanos are relegated to the tion: Naomi Bradford, Robert Crider, and Ted The racists argue that bilingual education is a dirtiest, most unsafe, lowest-paying jobs. They must Hackworth. Crider and Hackworth are among my luxury enjoyed only by. Chicanos and that it is a carry the burden of Rn English-language deficiency, opponents in this election. waste of money. They are equally opposed to in addition to simple racist discrimination against They are a minority on the board, but Blacks and biculturalism-Chicanos keeping alive their cultu­ Chicanos. Chicanos can take little consolation in that. For a ral heritage. majority on the school board opposed busing and The Colorado experience spent more than half-a-million dollars fighting a Racist ignorance Even the limited experience with bilingual educa· desegregation plan in the courts. The racists ignore-perhaps intentionally-the tion here in Colorado has shown that this is the That is the program of the Republican and fact that Chicano culture and language have as case. Teachers and parents have unanimously Democratic parties that run the school board and much right to exist on this continent as Anglo reported an increase in motivation by students. legislature. culture and language. Chicano culture was here This has resulted in dramatically higher test scores first. for Chicanos and higher school attendance. One of the favorite tricks of school boards and Just because Anglos are a majority, that does not Yet some people are so opposed to the right of legislatures to cover up for their refusal to meet our

14 a privilege or a right? needs is to try to pit one group against the other. cutbacks in student loans and work-study pro- They tell us that if we want busing, then we can't grams, which-as we know-are the only way that have bilingual education. They tell taxpayers that most Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, and Blacks can Black and Chicano demands for busing and afford to go to college. bilingual education are a waste of their money. Gains in desegregation are just as precarious. The Then they tell us that when the teachers defend U.S. Supreme Court has shown time and time again their standard of living, they are doing it at the that it is no friend of Blacks and other minorities. expense of students. Attorney General Griffin Bell, the man who is But desegregation need not mean ljln end to charged with enforcing desegregation, which is the bilingual education. There should be bilingual law of the land, openly states that he is against programs wherever 'there are Chicanos. By the busing! Yet massive busing is the only way to same token, bilingual education needn't in any way desegregate schools in large cities where Chicanos, threaten or conflict with busing. Both are needed, Blacks, and other minorities are confined to ghet- and Chicanos should unite with Blacks and others tos. . to fight for both. Most of my opponents in the school board race Anglo parents shouldn't feel that bilingual will seek the endorsement of the Democratic or education or desegregation is a threat to them. They Republican party. I will not. I am running as the should support the right of Chicanos and Blacks to candidate of the Socialist Workers party. an equal education. Together we can all fight for more funding to improve the quality of all schools. But first racist discrimination must go. As long as Where to find support . there is segregation, there is inequality. And We socialists are looking for our support else­ Chicanos and Blacks will never stand for it. Never. where. We are looking to the Chicano and Black communities, to parents, students, working people, Attacks on teachers unions, community organizations, and to activists Like other working people, teachers have a right in the struggles for desegregation and bilingual­ to a decent standard of living. yet every time bicultural education .and against the cutbacks. teachers ask for a wage increase to keep up with We cannot rely on school boards, courts, or state inflation, they are accused by the school board of and federal legislators to improve the quality of being "selfish" and "antichildren." education or secure equal educational opportunity Teachers in this city don't even have the right to for minorities. collective bargaining or the right to strike. The best guarantee that the needs of Chicanos Whenever the school boards are in a budget and others will be met is to organize and mobilize There are tens of thousands of Chicanos in crunch, they try to take it out on the teachers. Right where the real commitment is-in the community. Colorado who feel that way. But no one has even now, they are laying off teachers. In addition, During the hearings on the Showalter bill, dozens asked them to express their feelings. The Chicano teachers who leave their jobs are not being replaced, of Chicanos mobilized to testify against the racist legislators who say they are fighting the Showalter which is another way of reducing the work force. attack on our rights. That was very good, but it bill are doing it with both hands tied behind their And who pays the price for this effort to "save wasn't enough. backs. They spend their time begging the other money" for the school board? We all do. There is an overwhelming support for bilingual legislators to take pity on bilingual education. First of all teachers pay by being forced to take on education in the community. If there _is one issue We found out how effective this method is when a bigger work load, that is, more pupils per that Chicanos feel strongly about, it is the right to the politicians stabbed bilingual education in the classroom. quality and equality in education. What Chicano back and approved the Showalter bill in the house. This is the classroom equivalent of speedup in the parents want more than anything else is for their If the Chicano legislators instead had gone to the factory: same pay, more work. The pupil/teacher children to have a chance to have a better life than community, the outcome might have been different. ratio is already thirty-five in Denver. That is too they have been allowed to have. What we need is a show of force of the Chicano high. But the school board wants to increase it. The They don't want their children to have to go community and its allies during the senate hearings teachers won't be the only ones to pay the price. The through the same endless round of indignities, the on the Showalter bill. Mass picket lines, rallies, children will too. More pupils per classroom means humiliation of not knowing English well, of having demonstrations outside the capitol. Mass protests! less attention per pupil. And we all know that this their culture ridiculed, the missed job opportunities. That's the only force they understand. results in an inferior education. At the same time there are thousands of teachers out of work. This is absurd. Why can't we hire more teachers, reduce the work load, and improve the How racists segregate Chicanos quality of education? DENVER-The Office of Civil Rights has The reason this happened is that the Chicanos found that the East Otero school district of La were not being tested in their native language, Where to get money Junta, Colorado, used a bilingual program to Spanish, even though this is specifically required Everybody tells us there's no money for teachers, segregate Chicano students. by law. None of the psychologists testing the no money for students. Where does it all go? An A Colorado law makes bilingual-bicultural children are bilingual. item in the papers a few days ago gives us a clue. education mandatory in many Colorado schools. If anyone needs to be placed in a Significantly The headline said, "Mountain Bell reports $47.6 Although the law is limited, it represents a gain Limited Intellectual Functioning program, it million profit in three months." I know where they for the rights of Chicano students. should be the East Otero Board of Education. can get some money to improve the schools. But Nonetheless, the experience in La Junta shows The school system also is not hiring enough Democratic and Republican legislators have no that Anglo-dominated school boards that oppose Chicano teachers. The civil rights agency termed intention of touching the sacred profits of giant the rights of Chicanos will try to tailor the the district's 13.4 percent "minority" faculty corporations. mandatory program to suit white bigots. "woefully inadequate when viewed in light of a The funding priorities of this school board are Chicano parents in La Junta began to com­ 42.2 percent minority student body." warped. In 1977 the board is planning to spend only plain when the school board set up a bilingual The story of attempts to segregate Chicanos in $100,000 on bilingual education. The rest of program that involved pulling children out of La Junta seems to be the story of Chicanos Denver's inadequate budget for bilingual education their regular classrooms for one hour a day. everywhere. comes from the federal government ($700,000) and The Chicano parents and Chicano Education A recent study by the Catholic University Law the state government ($200,000). Project, which is based in Denver, charged that School shows that Latinos in major American The school board, however, did not hesitate to the La Junta program was segregationist. school systems, like Blacks, are more segregated spend half-a-million dollars fighting a desegrega­ The Office of Civil Rights has upheld the than ever. tion order in court. claims of the Chicano parents, noting that the "Intensely segregated schools with 90 percent And this year the school board is spending school district could have developed a bilingual or more minority enrollment held 46 percent of $50,000 on the salary of the new superintendent of program in line with the state guidelines "with­ Los Angeles Latino pupils in 1974," the report schools, and $38,000 paying off the unexpired out significant isolation of national origin stated. contract of the superintendent they just fired. minority students." "Between 1970 and 1974," it continued, "the We can see where their priorities lie. Furthermore, the agency stated, the bilingual numbers of Hispanic children attending intense­ An important factor in the educational rights of program was deliberately designed to promote ly segregated schools grew from 14 percent to 31 minorities· in Denver has been federal funding and segregation. It was no accident. The East Otero percent in Chicago, and from 21 percent to 40 federal court orders against segregation. Board of Education recognized that the program percent in Houston." "was not the most effective means of providing Houston's Hispanic population, of course, is President Carter's role the service," the ag~ncy said, but chose it just about all Chicano. In Chicago there are However, the gains for equal education are under because of "parental pressure from some about as many Puerto Ricans as Chicanos. attack nationally too. Carter does not support members of the white community who did not Segregation is more advanced than those bilingual-bicultural education or affirmative action. wish their children to be exposed to or to figures indicate because the data only go up to He is against busing. He's not even willing to participate in the program." 1975, and it is known that the trend toward desegregate his own church. How can we expect The Civil Rights Office also charged that the segregation has increased since then. him to desegregate the whole country? district was placing many Chicanos in the In Albuquerque 70 percent of Chicano pupils Carter wants to spend a billion dollars to build "Significantly Limited Intellectual Functioning" and in Denver 68 percent of Latino pupils are in each B-1 bomber. He's asking for a record $115 program, one designed for retarded children. schools 50 percent or more minority. -M.P. billion war budget. At the same time, he's proposing

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 15 the By Frank Lovell said. "And the younger whites, they're not as much (last of a series) afraid . . . they're young and they can always look In the early days of the CIO the auto workers for another job." changed everything when they called their sit-down strikes and occupied the auto plants. They forced Allies in struggle the open-shop General Motors Corporation to sign a The changing composition and renewed militancy union contract. They did it without the help of the of southern workers accounts for the recent victory National Labor Relations Board, and they did it of the United Auto Workers union at the GM Guide without any dues checkoff. Lamp Division plant in Monroe, Louisiana. In turn, They brought the CIO to life, and did more to such victories drive home to more workers the nurture it than all the clever negotiations of John L. benefits of organization-significantly higher Lewis with the moguls of the steel industry and all wages, more dignity on the job, a better life all his high-level conferences with Roosevelt combined. around-and win wider support for unionism. bined. The emergence of fresh fighters for the union It was the great mass of unorganized industrial cause reawakens and inspires the veterans of years workers in action against the employers that built of struggle and defeat. Bruce Raynor says there is a the CIO, not the strategems of top union officials. core of textile workers who have been through And so it will be again. If the industrial South is many organizing drives and believe in unionism. organized it will be the workers there who will do it. "These men and women identify themselves immediately to any union organizer and they are willing to put their jobs on the line at any time." Raynor has noticed that workers never give up. They have little choice. He quotes a Black worker at a J.P. Stevens plant after an election defeat: "Don't worry, we gonna get there somehow." The survival of unions in the North is at stake, as the rubber and electrical unions learned during their 1976 contract negotiations. The electrical unions were unable to force General Electric to grant anything beyong extension of the old con­ tract, with minor improvements in a cost-of-living Changes in the economy, in the composition of provision, because GE plants in the South are the work force, and in attitudes of workers in the unorganized. The unions were afraid to risk a strike open-shop South have combined to improve the on this account. prospects for union action there. The United Rubber Workers struck the rubber More heavy industries. are shifting to southern industry for four months but could not stop states. These include auto assembly and parts production. The tire and rubber companies were manufacturing, steel fabrication, tire manufactur­ able to drag out the strike and bleed the workers ing and other rubber production, plastics, electrical because rubber plants in the South are unorganized. · A resurgent movement of southern workers will equipm~nt manufacturing, and more. As these plants open in the South, older facilities find allies aiil()ng activists all over the country who in the North are closed. In some instances a portion recognize this deadly impasse and seek to defend of the northern work force follows the industry. It is and revitalize the industrial unions. Steelworkers also common to find workers who have migrated Fight Back in the United Steelworkers of America North; W

·16 Thousands protest nuclear power danger By Arnold Weissberg important Atlantic coast breeding ground for fish SEABROOK, N.H.-While police arrested 1,400 and other marine life. demonstrators who sat in at the site of a planned Light-water reactors-as those planned for Sea­ nuclear power plant here May 1, another 1,300 brook are called-are notoriously accident-prone. A people expressed their opposition to the reactors at Florida reactor similar to Seabrook's-and also a rally in a nearby state park. built by Westinghouse-will be idle for more than a The actions were the largest antinuclear protests year while leaks are fixed. Repairs will cost more in the United States to date. Demonstrations in than twice as much as the original plant. Western Europe in recent years have drawn as Several accidents at other reactors have had many as 50,000 people. near-disastrous consequences. There is no reason to The New Hampshire protests were especially believe the Seabrook plant will be any safer. significant in light of President Carter's proposal­ In addition, construction costs have skyrocketed. part of his energy package-to build seventy more Now carrying an estimated $2.6 billion price tag, light-water nuclear plants like the one planned for ·the reactors had originally been tabbed at about Seabrook. one-third that figure. Seabrook has become an important focus of Consumers will have to foot the bill. The Public opposition to unsafe nuclear power development. Service Company has already applied for a 17.. "The entire worldwide antinuclear movement is percent rate hike to cover increased construction watching Seabrook today," said Cathy Wolff, costs. spokesperson for the Clamshell Alliance, which The size of the two demonstrations is a signifi­ organized the sit-in. cant dissent from Carter's plans for greater On Saturday, April 30, 2,000 marchers-loaded reliance on nuclear power. . down with camping gear, food, and water­ The demonstrations were an important step converged on the coastline site of the Seabrook forward in mobilizing the growing sentiment reactors. The youthful crowd was in high spirits. A against nuclear power. As Hattie McCutcheon, popular chant was a simple "No nukes!" Socialist Workers party candidate for Boston Declaring their intention to occupy the site until School Committee, put it in a statement distributed construction was permanently halted, the protes­ at the May 1 rally, "Human rights must come ters set up tents, an infirmary, and food distribu­ before profits and greed." tion on a dusty, windswept parking lot. The rows between the tents were given names. I One was called "Karen Silkwood Memorial Drive," a tribute to a worker at an Oklahoma atomic fuel plant who died in a mysterious auto accident after announcing her intention to make public numerous plant safety violations. There was no police interference with the occupa­ tion. But by Sunday afternoon, the atmosphere had become a bit tense, perhaps because of the presence of Gov. Meldrim Thomson. Thomson is an extreme right-winger and vehement nuclear advocate. Thomson brought in hundreds of New Hamp­ shire state cops and several dozen national guardsmen. In addition, he borrowed cops from four neighboring states. At about 3:00 p.m. Sunday, the head of the state police informed sit-in participants that they were trespassing on land owned by the Public Service Marching to occupy Seabrook reactor site Company. The PSC is a private utility that owns 50 percent of the Seabrook plant. His announcement was greeted with cheers. A half-hour later, five school buses loaded with cops pulled up and began the arrests. The demonstrators had already packed up their gear and most walked with it to the buses. A few MilitanVSid Fine passively resisted and were dragged or carried. Several reporters were also arrested and charged. The remaining demonstrators cheered as each These workers have not yet discovered the way loaded bus drove off. nor developed the leaders to protect them!;lelves Nearly all of the 1,400 arrested refused bail and from the injustices of the unbridled capitalist were still being held as the Militant ·went to press. ystem. _They are the victims of the same system They sought release on their own recognizance. hat was squeezing-in much the same way-the The rally at the state park, organized by the morganized industrial workers in the 1930s. Seacoast Anti-Pollution League and other groups, The great textile strike of 1934 was part of the heard several representatives of the antinuclear vorking-class resurgence that gave rise to the CIO movement. The featured speaker was Dr. Helen novement. The southern textile workers were Caldicott, an Australian pediatrician who has been ricked by the Roosevelt administration and then a leader in the fight t.o end uranium mining in that Intercontinental Dro~~'•'•oA :lubbed back into submission by the state police country. May 1 antinuclear rally md other goons of the mill owners. Caldicott pointed out that the nuclear issue But the idea that the workers will sometime find a "doesn't involve just Seabrook-it involves the 'lay to protect themselves and win back what whole world." :-ightfully belongs to them was never killed. This is Explaining the medical effects of radioactivity, ;he idea that inspired the auto workers in Flint, Dr. Caldicott noted that it is "absurd to spend Michigan, forty years ago. It is the idea that made money seeking a cure for leukemia . . . and then ..he sit-down strikes possible; invest billions in an industry that propagates it." This same idea is beginning to find new forms of She added, "Nucle&r power is thalidomide expression in the industries of the South today. The forever." coming resurgence of working people will solve Even though Seabrook's residents have twice some of the problems that have houndeq and voted against the reactors, construction began last weakened the union movement since the early days August. Currently only minimal construction work of the CIO. is permitted while the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) studies the plant's The new resurgence will sweep before it all the planned cooling system. If the EPA rejects the 1bstacles that now stand in the way, including the plan, the reactors may be abandoned. )emocratic party, which is the most formidable There are many compelling arguments against 1bstacle of all and the one most directly and building the reactors. The cooling system is one. ~ffectively deployed by the rulers of this country. The system will do irreparable damage to It will be ironic if the Stevens boycott, organized adjacent salt marshes. The marshes are an Cops arrest sit-in participant >y staunch defenders of the Democratic party, turns mt to be the means of opening the floodgates of nassive class-struggle actions in the South. rHE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 17 'Nation' on disclosure & harassment FBI effort The following editorial, head­ lined 'Disclosure and Harass­ ment,' appeared in the April 30 to silence issue of 'Nation' magazine, a na­ tionwide liberal weekly. CP leader In the post-Watergate climate, to argue against tough laws on disclosure of political campaign contributions revealed might seem like an attack on the By Diane Wang American Way itself. Campai~n cor­ "The FBI's identity cannot in any ruption has been demonstrated ad way be connected with the operation.'' nauseam, and such laws as the Federal Famous last words. Election Campaign Act of 1971 appear An FBI agent wrote those words fifteen years ago at the end of a memo 'IU AniiCAN 'I'AiliiAilT -Ill- approving a disruption plot against Herbert Aptheker, a leader of the Communist party. NATIONAl'aii.JO,Im •- Now, that memo has been made public. The Department of Justice gave Aptheker a series of documents from designed to stop it. Yet an argument­ the FBI's Cointelpro operations. and a good one-against such laws is The 1962 disruption was both ap­ being made, and the controversy is proved and carried out. A speaking yielding yet another glimpse of the engagement for Aptheker in Seattle government's attempts to silence any was interrupted when a large group in citizens who envision radical altera­ his audience began hissing, shouting, tions in the system. and singing "patriotic songs.'' The Socialist Workers Party are in The FBI files show that this right­ the process of filing papers before the wing gang had been organized by the Federal Election Commission seeking FBI. Seattle agents got in touch with to have the 1971 Campaign Act de­ their contact in the Washington State American Legion "to arrange to have a clared unconstitutional as applied to parties, such as the SWP,, that face group of responsible citizens attend government harassment. The action is Aptheker's meeting to expose his communist propaganda.'' part of a suit originally filed in 1974 by history of attempts to hound the SWP the government: the desire to know This tactic of using thugs to do the the ACLU on the SWP's behalf. The out of existence, the Supreme Court who the party's supporters are, and the FBI's dirty work was not a new one. plaintiffs contend that disclosure of might have had the party in mind. wish to make life as thorny as possible the names and addresses of contribu­ Last January a three-judge court in for radicals. On both the state and The 1962 memo refers to work done at "a similar meeting.'' It describes its tors to the party would subject them to Washington gave the FEC six months federal levels, thl! law discri~inates right-wing contact as someone with the hostile attentions of assorted to construct a "full factual record" of against groups such as the SWP, "sound judgment, discreet [deletion] gumshoes and provocateurs, right­ official persecution of the SWP. It is setting them apart from the two major wing fanatics and unfriendly employ­ parties by making it hard for them to can be counted on not to involve the hard to imagine why, if anyone on the Bureau in any way in this activity." ers, and is therefore a violation of their get on the ballot, receive subsidies, commission reads the newspapers, it Aptheker commented in the CP's rights of privacy, association and free would take six months, since the etc. But as regards campaign disclo­ Daily World, "Let it be understood that speech. details of the FBI's secret war on the sure the FEC chastely insists that all this is but a fraction of the disgusting Thus far the FEC has refused to SWP are now a matter of public record. parties are alike. That assertion is 'counter-intelligence' work of the so­ grant an exemption-a position hard (In the past sixteen years, by the absurd; the SWP raises hardly enough called Department of Justice against to explain, since the Supreme Court bureau's own admission, 1,600 in­ · money in a campaign to corrupt a just one Communist in the United ruled in 1976 (Buckley Valeo) that formers, in&.uding 316 SWP members, dogcatcher. So the government's con­ v. States.'' small parties which could demonstrate have been used to spy on a party of trasting positions amount to a coher­ The U.S. Senate investigation into the probability of harassment should some 2,500.) And there is no reason to ent policy aimed at crippling dissent. intelligence agencies documented more be exempt. "Minor parties must be believe, in light of the FBI's past It is time for a change in both than 2,000 approved Cointelpro ac­ allowed sufficient flexibility in the untruthful claims, that the SWP has aspects of that policy. Small parties tions, many aimed at the CP. Other proof of injury to assure a fair consid­ ceased to be a target of federal spooks. should be treated with scrupulous operations targeted the Socialist eration of their claim," stated the No doubt the FEC's stonewalling is equality when it ,comes to vote­ Workers party, Black groups, and anti­ Court. "The proof may include, for caused partly by its reluctance to gathering possibilities; and for reasons Vietnam War activists. . example, specific evidence of past or admit that the FBI cannot be trusted a child could understand, they should The FBI labeled many groups-from present harassment of members.... " to keep its hands clean. But more be viewed as special cases when it labor organizations to the NAACP­ Given the government's forty-year comes to privacy. unsettling motives can be imputed to "communist infiltrated" to justify operations against them too. As of 1973 it was estimated that the FBI had 6,426,813 "intelligence and evaluation investigation" files. Evidence of other FBI dirty tricks is Must SWP give feds a target list? being exposed through lawsuits against the government, such as those By Lucy Burton and otherwise harass .supporters of show only a reasonable probability filed by the Socialist Workers party, A federal court in Washington, the Socialist Workers Party, and on that the compelled disclosure of a the Black Panther party, and Robert D.C., has barred the Federal Elec­ the other hand require that the party's contributors' names will and Michael Meeropol, sons of Ethel tions Commission from taking any Socialist Workers campaign commit­ subject them to threats, harassment and Julius Rosenberg. legal action against Socialist tees turn over to the Government the or reprisals from either government , Workers campaign committees for names, addresses and places of officials or private parties. The proof , withholding names and addresses of employment of additional targets for may include, for example, specific their financial contributors, pending such treatment. evidence of past or present harass­ a final court ruling on the socialists' "It seems obvious that the Govern­ ment of members due to their associ­ legal challenge to such disclosure. ment cannot have it both ways." ational ties, or of harassment direct­ The court also ordered the FEC to The financial disclosure laws are ed against the organization itself. A assemble the facts surrounding ha­ part of a package of campaign pattern of threats or specific mimi­ rassment of the Socialist Workers "reform" laws passed in the wake of festations of public hostility may be party. the Vietnam War and Watergate. sufficient." The order was issued as part of an Congress hoped to convince the In early May attorneys for Social­ ongoing legal fight by Socialist American people that the Democrat­ ist Workers campaign committees Workers campaign committees with ic and Republican parties could be will submit to the FEC voluminous the support of the American Civil "cleaned up." evidence of harassment and disrup­ ·Liberties Union. The suit asks that tion aimed at Socialist Workers federal election laws requiring sub­ In 1975 Eugene McCarthy, a party members and supporters. mission of contributors' names and former U.S. senator and independent Most of the evidence comes from addresses be declared unconstitu­ presidential candidate, and James FBI and CIA files released as a tional as applied to the socialists. Buckley, at that time a U.S. senator result of a $40 . million suit filed Currently, all political campaign from New York, filed a broad chal­ against twelve government agencies committees must tum over to the lenge to the constitutionality of by the SWP and Young Socialist FEC the names and ·addresses of these "reforms." In January 1976 Alliance. contributors of $100 or more. Social­ the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the "We have no reason to believe that ist Workers campaign committees McCarthy-Buckley arguments and the U.S. government has stopped have been battling these require­ upheld the laws, with one significant trying to destroy the SWP," said ments in court. exception. Stacey Seigle, treasurer of the Social­ When the suit was filed in 1974, "Minor parties," the Supreme ist Workers national campaign com­ the ACLU wrote: "The Government Court wrote, "must be allowed suffi­ mittee. "We simply cannot be put in cannot on the one hand assert the cient flexibility in the proof of injury the position of handing over names right to bug, wiretap, interrogate, to assure a fair consideration of their of contributors that the FBI can use · fire from government employment claim. The evidence offered need as a convenient 'enemies list.'"

18 Boston benefit backs political rights By Arthur Hughes ering. He noted that Boudin ·has NAACP's school desegregation suit. More than eighty Boston civil stood out as a defender of the Prior to the reception, the Massa­ libertarians attended a "Salute to victims of political frame-ups for chusetts Civil Liberties Union mem­ the Bill of Rights" in support of the more than thirty years. bership newsletter, the Docket, print­ Political Rights Defense Fund Boudin pointed out that the social­ ed an article featuring the event. It (PRDF) April 27. The event was a ists' suit was the "unusual first described the SWP action as "the benefit for the Socialist Workers action by a political party" in most successful suit thus far in party lawsuit aginst the FBI and defense of the political rights of all exposing FBI COINTELPRO opera­ CIA. victims of government intimidation. tions, burglaries and similar The benefit was held at the Cam­ The lawsuit, Boudin said, has crimes." bridge home of Phyllis Cox. The Cox revealed illegal government activi­ "The FBI's own documents," the residence has long been a gathering ties and played an important role in article said, "prove that SWP place for supporters of antiwar, showing how the government really members were spied upon, had their antiracist, civil libertarian, and works. mail covered, phones tapped and other causes. · He pointed out that the suit has meetings bugged. They became the -­ Among the hosts were Harvard . been of tremendous importance in victims of government sponsored law professors Vern Countryman, inspiring other victims to launch pranks and dirty tricks, some quite Charles Nesson, and Alan Dersho­ similar efforts, including former deadly.... witz; historian Henry Steele Com­ members of the Student Nonviolent "Plaintiffs are currently challeng­ mager; linguist Noam Chomsky; Coordinating Committee, the Raza ing FBI and CIA attempts to with­ attorney Nancy G~rtner; Nobel lau­ Unida party, and the Black Panther hold information from the discovery reates Salvador Luria, Kenneth party. process on 'security' and 'privilege' Arrow, and George Wald; Dr. Ken­ The SWP suit is also breaking new grounds. Decisions on these matters, neth Edelin; and James Hamilton, ground in fighting to open up the as well as the progress of the suit as president of the Massachusetts Civil massive CIA files and the files of a whole, will be precedent-setters for Liberties Union. government informers. "The use of defense, we have to rely on defenders all subsequent litigation and other informers," Boudin said, "is the of civil liberties like yourselves to challenges to these agencies." The gathering paid tribute to antithesis of democracy. It is an finance the legal action of those Leonard Boudin, the distinguished attempt to manipulate the very seeking justice," he told the gather­ Other hosts of the successful civil liberties attorney and chief activities of the victims of govern­ ing. The benefit raised several thou­ benefit were attorneys Edward Bar­ counsel in the SWP suit. Boudin ment harassment." sand dollars to support the PRDF's shak, Gerald Berlin, Margaret Burn­ defended Benjamin Spock and Da­ Syd Stapleton, national secretary efforts. ham, and William Romans; Harvard niel Ellsberg. In 1970-71 he was of the PRDF, appealed for the funds Among those present at the Cox -professors Stanley Hoffman, Ruth Visiting Professor from Practice at necessary to finance the suit. "While home were Dr. Ewart Gunier, profes­ Hubbard, and Bernard Lown; the Harvard Law School. the Justice Department has spent sor in the Harvard Afro-American Abram Chayes, former U.S. solicitor Vern Countryman, a longtime $800,000 and is requesting an addi­ studies department; Maceo Dixon, general; Robert Seidman, Boston fighter against government repres­ tional $4.8 million appropriation to Boston SWP organizer; and Eric University law professor; and Dr. si«;>n, introduced Boudin to the gath- pay for the Watergate criminals' Van Loon, attorney in the Boston Peter Reich. Who's in the news?-socialists vs. FBI By Diane Wang chapter organizer Alan Julian. "We Newspapers and radio and TV believe SAC has secret files on dissi­ newscasters took note April-6 when the dent students and organizations con­ Socialist Workers party and Young cerning their political activity," Julian Socialist Alliance in several cities said. "We want SAC officials to open released documents about six FBI their files for everyone to see." Cointelpro plots. The socialists ob­ * * * tained the documents through their The release of FBI files also sp~rked $40 million lawsuit against govern­ a demand to see secret political records ment harassment. at Arizona State University (ASU) * * * near Phoenix. SWP and YSA members there re­ • "Catholics in S.A. were FBI targets" leased FBI memoranda showing that was the headline splashed across the in 1969 the Phoenix bureau had front page of the San Antonio Express distributed information on radical April 6. The article described how the groups to the Arizona Board of Re­ FBI had plotted to stir up a protest gents, Arizona State- University ad­ from Catholics in San Antonio as a ministration, Special Investigations tool to stop an anti-Vietnam War Unit of the local police department, in a prepared statement, 'we have that an FBI informer had participa~ conference at the Catholic University and to two Arizona newspapers. in Washington, D.C. forced out of the secret files of the FBI in defense strategy meetfugs. Militant correspondent Dan Fein proof that Debby Leonard's charge - A Los Angeles Times editorial ex­ reports that four TV stations, three pressed outrage at the FBI scheme to was accurate.' * * * newspapers, and two radio stations " 'We maintain that the same kind label the conference "clearly against attended and reported the SWP and As reported in the April 22 Militant, U.S. public interest," and disrupt it. of activities are continuing today,' Hattie McCutcheon released FBI files YSA news conference in Phoenix. Rossi added.'' "In this country," said the editorial, The State Press at ASU questioned during a press conference where she "under the Constitution, the President · campus officials about the FBI files * * * announced her socialist campaign for of the United States, let alone a police and obtained an admission that the Fourteen reporters attended the SWP Boston School Committee. agency, cannot pass official judgment regents office keeps a file on campus and YSA news conference in San The files showed that the FBI had on an assembly of free citizens. radical groups. Diego, according to Militant corres­ manipulated the press to get red­ "Subversive is a word that has been "As a result of the release of FBI pondent Rich Lesnik. baiting attacks on the anti-Vietnam grossly abused," concluded the editor­ files concerning radical political Mark Schneider, county chairperson War movement into local newspapers ial, "but in this situation it applies groups," said the campus paper, "Ariz­ of the SWP, stressed the collaboration and on television. precisely to the FBI action." ona student leaders have reiterated between the FBI and county police The Boston Globe, the Phoenix, and their request for information that may documented in the newly released files. the Real Paper all reporterl on the On April 7 the San Antonio Express be in the possession of University Schneider challenged a recent city press conference. Gordon Hall-named carried another story reporting a boast officials." council report absolving the cops of in the government files as an FBI in FBI files that "through counterintel­ -any wrongdoing between 1968 and mouthpiece-devoted his Saturday ligence efforts San Antonio has been * * * 1975. night radio talk · show in Boston to able to minimize and perhaps stifle Houston socialists released docu­ Schneider quoted the San Diego FBI defending his work with the FBI. attempts by the Young Socialist Al­ ments from what the FBI admitted memo: "Through close cooperation Dave O'Brian, a columnist for the liance (YSA) to establish a foothold at was a 1972 Cointelpro-type operation. with local law enforcement intelligence Boston Herald American, wrote: SAC [San Antonio College]." Government files showed that FBI agencies, local law enforcement is kept "One hopes the bitter lesson~ we've Express reporters asked William agents had set up a raid on an SWP adv~sed of planned activities of these since learned ·about our government Waterman, dean of student affairs at fund-raising party. groups and many acts contemplated and its cloak-and-dagger operations the college, about the FBI's claim. - The Houston Post reported on the by them can thus be stopped." \\>ill make it less likely for journalists According to the newspaper, Water­ news conference called by the SWP Schneider suggested the memo was in the future to be so easily taken in by man answered: "'We didn't invite the and YSA. Present was SWP member referring to activities such as the 1973 any such FBI attempt to discredit a FBI in for surveillance purposes, David Rossi who had been arrested in arrest of Salm Kolis, SWP candidate political attitude. although I am sure we had FBI agents the raid: for city council at the time. Kolis was " . . . Whatever one might think of on campus.' "Rossi ... had protested at the time framed on a charge of using the wrong the politics of the SWP, it's a legal "Waterman did acknowledge, howev­ that the arrests represented 'selective address on an election document. party that advances its beliefs through er, that government agencies, includ­ harassment' by Houston police and The city attorney estimated that legitimate political organizing and the ing the FBI, did contact SAC officials Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission twenty-two of twenty-nine candidates electoral process. Its activities do not for information on students during the agents. Then-gubernatorial candidate violated the election code. Yet only include illegality, violence, or incite­ period of student protest," the Express Debby Leonard of the SWP called the Kolis, who was innocent, was prosecut­ ment to riot. said. · charges 'trumped up.' ed. "And, sadly, th{! same cannot be said The newspaper also quoted YSA '"Now, five years later,' said Rossi During Kolis's trial, it was revealed of the FBI."

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 19 world socialist revolution. "It was very interesting!" comment­ ed the left Menshevik Sukhanov. "Sud­ denly, before the eyes of all of us, completely swallowed up by the rou­ tine drudgery of the revolution, there was presented a bright, blinding, exotic beacon, obliterating everything we 'lived by.' Lenin's voice, heard Sixty years ago straight from the train, was a 'voice from outside'. There had broken in upon us in the revolution a note that was not, to be sure, a contradiction, but that was novel, harsh, and somewhat deafening." Bolshevik headquarters Lenin was hurried into an armored car. Slowly the armored car made its way through the crowds toward the palace of Kshesinskaya, a former court ballet dancer. Her palace had been converted into Bolshevik headquarters. At each comer. the masses surged forward, the armored car stopped, and point for Lenin repeated his revolutionary mes­ sage. Once inside the headquarters, Lenin had no chance to rest. He spoke several times from the balcony. Some food and tea was served. Then he went down­ stairs for official greetings from the umanity Bolshevik leadership and some preli­ minary remarks of his own. "I shall never forget that thunder­ like speech," commented Sukhanov, who had wormed his way into the affair, "which startled and amazed not only me, a heretic who had accidental­ ly dropped in, but all the true believers. I am certain that no one had expected anything of the sort...... "Lenin was in general a very good orator-not an orator of the consum­ mate, rounded phrase, or the luminous image, or of absorbing pathos, or of the pointed witticism, but an orator of enormous impact and power, breaking down complicated systems into the simplest and most generally accessible elements, and hammering, hammer­ ing, hammering them into the heads of his audience until he took them cap­ tive." Lenin's points were simple enough. It was their very simplicity, their clarity, their directness that so fright­ ened and disturbed even this audience of convinced Bolsheviks. Lenin's message By Tim Wohlforth The consciousness of the masses, soldiers' soviets were present in full The war was imperialist. We could Sixty years ago last month-on however, was behind events, and the uniform. Red flags were draped every­ give it no support whatsoever. It could April 3, 1917-Lenin arrived in revolu­ consciousness of the leadership was where; and revolutionary banners be ended only through socialist revolu­ tionary St. Petersburg at the Finland far behind that of the masses. hung all around the train station. tion. The provisional government was station. The arrival of this single The Soviets-led by the Mensheviks Armored cars-a favorite vehicle in capitalist and was carrying on an individual would change the course of (right-wing socialists) and the Social those days-lined up in front of the imperialist war. We could give such a the Russian revolution and of humani­ Revolutionaries (a populist-type pea­ station, while the Bolsheviks had government no support, but rather ty itself. sant party)-had handed power to a found a searchlight somewhere to give must act to bring it down. We must Lenin arrived in Russia at a critical provisional government headed by added drama to their leader's arrival. break completely with the Mensheviks, time. One month had passed since the liberal capitalists. The scene was a triumph of Bolshev­ and all others who prop up this tsar had abdicated the throne. The The provisional government was ik organizational skill. This quality capitalist government. mass revolutionary soviets-that is, committed to preserving capitalism. would prove decisive in the next peri­ "'We don't need a parliamentary councils-were the main power in This policy threatened even the demo­ od. republic, we don't need bourgeois Russia. The American journalist Lin­ cratic aims of the revolution. And Lenin did not know quite what to democracy, we don't need any govern­ coln Steffens described what these Russia's participation in the imperial­ expect on his arrival. He was prepared ment except the Soviet of Workers', councils looked like-and smelled like: ist war continued. to be taken straight to prison. He had Soldiers' and Farmlaborers' depu­ The Mensheviks gave wholehearted no faith in the democratic pretensions ties!'" Sukhan.ov quoted Lenin. "The first time I went to the im­ support to this government on the of the provisional government. The audience was thunder-struck. It mense hall where the first Soviet met I grounds that the revolution was a As he stepped off the train, one was, Sukhanov · commented, "a bolt was halted, as by a blow, by the stink democratic one and could not go delegation of well-wishers pressed into from the blue." And Sukhanov was not of the mob inside, and I could see the beyond the bounds of capitalism. They his hands a small bouquet of flowers. the only one there who saw Lenin's steam rising, as from a herd of cattle, urged a continuation of the hated war How incongruous this bouquet ap­ message as pure anarchism and mad­ over those sweating, debating dele­ on the grounds that it was now in peared as he sternly walked into the ness. gates. They lived there. Once inside defense of the revolution. waiting room of the train station to be Lenin and Krupskaya, his compan­ they stayed inside. They cooked and To make matters worse, the Bolshev­ formally met by a delegation represent­ ion and colleague, then went off to the they ate there, and you saw men iks held to the basic positions of the ing the executive committee of the St. home of two comrades who had a spare sleeping in comers and around the Mensheviks, though they maintained a Petersburg Soviet. · bedroom for them. A son of one of the edges of the hall. No hours were kept. position a bit to the left. Stalin was Cheidze, a Menshevik, delivered a comrades had made a little banner, When delegates were tired, they lay among the Bolsheviks who adhered to little speech welcoming Lenin to the "Workers of the World Unite," which down, leaving the majority to carry on; this essentially Menshevik stance. democratic camp and urging him to hung over their beds. when they were rested, they woke to Lenin thought differently, and he close ranks with his fellow democrats. The next morning Lenin was off to keep the endless, uninterrupted debate expressed his thoughts bluntly and Lenin tactfully avoided comment on the Tauride Palace where the St. going. But they did come to conclu­ sharply from the very moment of his Cheidze's proposal. Instead, his very Petersburg Soviet met. There he repeat­ sions, that mob of Man, and their arrival at the Finland station. His first remarks on Russian soil dealt ed his views, once again meeting· a conclusions were a credit to the spe­ future ally in this struggle, Leon with the World War. The war could stunned response. cies. Trotsky, was not yet a member of the only be ended, he stated, when the Then on to a joint session with the "The first law passed by that repre­ Bolshevik party and would not arrive people take up arms against their own Mensheviks that had been organized sentative, stinking mass put them in Russia until May. On April3 Lenin capitalist exploiters. The only way prior to Lenin's arrival as part of an ahead of our clean, civilized leading was politically a completely isolated forward, Lenin said, was the world effort to unite the two parties. The nations. It was against capital punish­ individual. socialist revolution, and the Russian Bolsheviks asked Lenin to make clear ment. As if Man in the natural state revolution was preparing the way. that his remarks did not reflect the wished not to kill. And the second law Lenin's welcome The Lenin strode out of the station to views of the party as a whole. was against war and empire: the The scene at the Finland station was address the masses. As the searchlight An uproar took place. "Primitive Russian people should pever conquer tumultuous. Thousands awaited Len­ rested on him, he repeated his denunci­ anarchism," stated Goldenberg, a and govern any other people." in's arrival. Detachments from various ation of imperialist war and his call for Menshevik. Lenin is raising the

20 "banner of civil war within the demo­ cracy," he perceptively noted. Only one Bolshevik spoke in Lenin's Latino grouQs targeted defense, the great woman revolution­ ary Alexandra Kollontai. The struggle to transform politically the Bolshevik party had begun. By FALN grand jury probes give April 7 Pravda, the official party newspaper, printed Lenin's famous "April Theses." On April 8 it printed a statement disassociating the party cover for political harassment from its contents. By Jose G. Perez And he hasn't been heard from since. to Ricans associated with the Rafael The government is using a purported What's the link to the FALN? The Cancel Miranda High School and two Winning the Bolsheviks investigation into a mysterious terror­ cops can't get their story straight. Chicanos associated with the New When the All-Russian conference of ist group to slander, harass, and Some say a typewriter used to type Mexico Raza U nida party were sub­ the Bolsheviks convened April 24, disrupt a wide range of Latino organi­ F ALN messages was found in the poenaed. Lenin was able to carry the party, zations throughout the United States apartment. Others assert there was What's the connection between Car· despite stiff resistence from Kamenev and Puerto Rico. F ALN literature. Still another story los Torres and the targeted high and a few others. Two federal grand juries-one in says an F ALN communique. school? How was Lenin able to achieve such New York, the other in Chicago-claim Many reporters have taken these His father was a founder of the a striking victory in his party in such to be investigating the Fuerzas Arma- police assertions as proof positive that school, and Carlos Torres once tutored short order? Obviously he had great . das de Liberacion Nacional Puertorri­ Torres is a member-some say there three days. But the school is run authority in a party he had contributed queiia (FALN-Armed Forces of Puer­ "leader"-of the F ALN. But the gov­ by movement activists who are strong so much to. But there was more in· to Rican National Liberation). The ernment has yet to charge Torres with supporters of Puerto Rican independ­ volved. group has reportedly taken credit for even one of the dozens of bombings ence. The party had been built in bitter dozens of bombings in New York and attributed to the F ALN. What Moises Morales and Pedro struggle against Menshevism and other cities. During 1976 Torres worked with the Archuleta-the two New Mexico conciliation with the capitalists. And According to a report published on National Commission on Hispanic activists-supposedly have to do with the worker base of the party responded the front page of the Sunday, April 17,. Affairs of the .Episcopal Church. He the F ALN is unclear. Some cops say to Lenin. He vocalized their oWn class New York Times, the government has volunteered to help write a hymnal Archuleta might have stolen dynamite feelings, their own desires. They in linked a wide range of movement and prayer book in Spanish. for the group-in 1969, five years turn were able to exert great influence groups to the FALN. The Episcopal commission works before the terrorist group emerged. on the leadership, especially in such These include the New Mexico Raza with people belonging to dozens of Another says maybe Morales made revolutionary times. Unida party; the Denver, Colorado, Chicano and Puerto Rican movement phone calls for the FALN. Still a third Without Lenin it is doubtful that the Crusade for Justice; the National groups. says they only want to question party could have changed its course Commission on Hispanic Affairs of the Using the traditional police methods them-implying they're not suspects at soon enough to act decisively. And Episcopal Church; Puerto Rico's Na­ of guilt by association and frame-up, all. Lenin, without the party, could well tional Committee to Free the Five the government has launched an The Chicago grand jury subpoenas have been a man who knew what to Puerto Rican Political Prisoners; and extensive fishing expedition. have been challenged, sinl!e the way do, but lacked the means to accomplish Chicago's Rafael Cancel Miranda Following the alleged· discovery of the grand jury is chosen systematical· it. Lenin's political rearming of the High School. the "bomb factory," the FBI visited ly discriminates against Latinos and party was thus decisive for the course · Last November cops claimed to have Maria Cueto, then-director of the women. of the revolution. found an F ALN "bomb factory" in a Episcopal commission, and her secre­ But this posed no problem for the Having rearmed the party, Lenin Chicago apartment said to be rented tary, Raisa N emikin. The two women government. They began resubpoenae­ then had another task to confront­ by Carlos Alberto Torres. The cops' said they knew nothing' about Torres's ing people to testify in New York. winning over the masses. This re­ story, however, is more than a little whereabouts or the FALN. But the The "links" between the F ALN and quired patience. The masses would fishy. government wasn't satisfied. other groups are equally tenuous. have to learn the correctness of Lenin's They say a dope addict living in the Working with some high church For example, one apparent suspect, point of view through their own expe­ building broke into the apartment and officials who want to squash the judging from the Times, is Nelson riences. began selling the dynamite. Cops got Hispanic commission, the government Canals. Canals is a former associate Lincoln Steffens gives one example wind of this and arrested him. He led obtained unrestricted access to every­ director of the Episcopal commission. of Lenin's efforts, repeated a thousand them to Torres's apartment, which thing in the church's national· head­ Currently he is head of a committee in times, to convince the working class: they raided-without a warrant­ quarters. Puerto Rico that is seeking freedom for "The day I got close enough to hear November3. Then the two women were dragged five Puerto Rican nationalists who him, the crowd evidently had been The FBI came back the next day before the grand jury in New York and have been in U.S. prisons sinee the-· troubled by the inactivity of Kerenski with · a warrant. Torres was then told to either testify or face prison: early 1950s. The "link" is that the Cueto and Nemikin refused to testi- [the head of the provisional govern· charged with illegal possession of F ALN has reportedly also called for ment], and some advice to them to go explosives. fy, saying the government was carry­ release of the five, and that Canals has home and work, not to give all their Torres apparently wasn't around at ing out a witch-hunt. So they went to visited the imprisoned nationalists. time to their self-government. My the end of October and beginning of prison. Another piece of "evidence'; is that interpreter repeated Lenin's mani­ November when all this was going on. Meanwhile, in Chicago, several Puer- Continued on page 30 folded speech afterward, as follows: " 'Comrades, the revolution is on. The workers' revolution is on, and you are not working. The workers' and peasants' revolution means work, com· .P.R. leaders debate ties to U.S. rades; it does not mean idleness and By Juan Rodriguez never be independent, saying it is too hood. ~ leisure. That is a bourgeois ideal. The STORRS, Conn.-Three prominent small and suffers from a "lack of In Puerto Rico wages are. one-half to workers' revolution, a workers' govern­ Puerto Rican political figures debated natural resources." He said this ex­ two-thirds those in the United States. ment, means work, that all shall work; the island's ties to the United States plains why proindependence parties Real unemployment is roughly 40 and here you are not working. You are here April 21. have not received more than a few percent. And people are so poor that 70 only talking. Close to 800 people, three-fourths of percent of the vote in the last several percent qualify for food stamps. All "'Oh, I can understand how you, the them Puerto Ricans, attended "The elections. these, he said, are the reality of com­ people of Russia, having been sup­ Great Debate," which was organized Granados N avedo began his presen­ monwealth. pressed so long, should want, now that as part of Puerto Rican History Week tation with a sharp attack on the In the United States, Puerto Ricans you have won to power, to talk and to at the University of Connecticut. Popular Democrats. He admitted that are crowded into ghettos, get the worst listen to orators. But some day soon, The debaters were: under commonwealth status Puerto jobs with the lowest wages, and are you-we all-must go to work and do • Juan Mari Bras, general secretary Rico is a colony. victims of racism. All these things, he things, act, produce results-food and of the Puerto Rican Socialist party and But the way to solve the problem, he said, are in reality statehood. socialism. candidate for governor in 1976. The said, is to make Puerto Rico a state. Mari Bras emphasized that "Puerto "'And I can understand how you like PSP calls for an independent, socialist This would mean that Puerto Ricans. Rico's right. to self-determination can and trust and put your hope in Kerens­ Puerto Rico. could . vote for president and elect only be exercised in the complete ki. You want to give him time, a • Rafael Hernandez Colon, a central representatives and senators to the freedom that is present only in inde­ chance, to act. He means well, you say. leader of the Popular Democratic party U.S. Congress. pendence." He means socialism. But I warn you he and governor of Puerto Rico from 1972 He launched a red-baiting attack The crowd listened attentively and will not make socialism. He may think until 1976. The populares support the against the independence movement, politely to the three presentations. It socialism, he may mean socialism. so-called commonwealth status, the saying "socialist independence is tyr­ was clear, however, that their senti­ But, comrades'-and here he began to current form of U.S. domination over anny." · ments were with Mari- Bras. When he burn-'I tell you Kerenski is an intel­ Puerto Rico. Marl Bras denounced the demagogic was introduced, a section of the au­ lectual; he cannot act; he can talk; he • Jose Granados Navedo, a leader of claims of his opponents to support self­ dience stood up chanting, "Mari, cannot act. But,' quietly again, 'you the New Progressive party majority in determination. He explained that inde­ seguro, a los yanquis dale duro"(Mari, will not believe this yet. You will take the Puerto Rican legislature. The New pendence is a necessary prerequisite for sure, hit the yanquis hard). When time to give him time, and meanwhile, Progressives call for Puerto Rico to for Puerto Ricans truly deciding their he concluded, they gave him a stand­ like Kerenski, you will not work. Very become the fifty-first state. own destiny. ing ovation. well, take your time. Hernandez Colon, the first speaker, He debunked the myth that Puerto This is the first time in recent years "'But'-he flamed-'when the hour asserted that Puerto Ricans have Rico has a "lack of natural resources." that prominent supporters of North strikes, when you are ready to go back achieved self-determination because Puerto Rico, he sai.d, has a large American rule in Puerto Rico have yourselves to work and you want a they "freely" chose commonwealth industrial base, fe1 \]e lands, and debated an independence advocate in government that will go to work and status in a 1952 referendum. deposits of minerals such as nickel and this country. That the New Progres­ not only think socialism and talk Colon noted that his party and the copper. He also noted that, according sives and Popular Democrats felt socialism and mean socialism-when New Progressives have much in com­ to recent studies, Puerto Rico may also compelled to do this is testimony to the you want a government that will do mon, because they both support "per­ have petroleum and natural gas. growing support for Puerto Rico's socialism, then-come to the Bolshevi­ manent union" with the United States, Mari Bras explained that Puerto independence among people living in ki."' only differing on how to achieve it. Ricans have already experienced the the United States, especially young They did. He claimed that Puerto Rico can reality of commonwealth and state- Puerto Ricans.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 21 Strikebreaking threats . ~!!y~~~auk~. !!!'w~~."!. Atlanta city workers MILWAUKEE-Asthestrikeofthe board. M~lwaukee Teachers E~ucation Associ- . Several_members of the ~chool_ cus~o- d•IS c U ss str•keI de"eat'II atwn (MTEA) ends Its second full d1ans umon declared then sohdanty week, threats against the teachers with the MTEA and blasted the board By Linda Millwood full mobilization of labor's forces. have escalated. for its union-busting tactics. ATLANTA-On April 28 about fifty The AFSCME officials are so ena­ • Over the April 23-24 weekend, Karen Baumberg, Parent-Teacher of the Atlanta city workers still on mored of the Democratic party that many substitute teachers received Association president at Eighty-first strike gathered to issue an official union time and resources were diverted letters and phone calls threatening Street School, put the blame for the acknowledgment that their strike had during the strike itself to support the them with a pay cut, loss of benefits, strike squarely on the board. "Because been broken. Picket lines should come congressional campaign of Democrat and less work in the future if they did of the board's disruptive attitude," she down, they said, and the remaining John Lewis. Lewis refused to come out not cross the picket lines on Monday, said, "desegregation is being set back. strikers should go back to whatever in favor of the strike until after he lost April 25. · Relations which started to develop jobs the city will give them. and decided he might need AFSCME's between parents, teachers, and stu­ This . was the third attempt to offi­ money and volunteers for a future Tony Prince is a member of the dents are being torn apart." cially end the strike by American campaign. Milwaukee Teachers Education Many parents and students con­ Federation of State, .County and Mu­ Hood admitted to the April 28 Association. demned the board for keeping the nicipal Employees Local 1644. On gathering that the union's outreach to schools open during the strike and April 24 the local's Public Works the community "came too late." • During the week, court-appointed pretending that education is going on. Chapter-the only one on strike-voted Hood told the meeting that AFSCME school desegregation master John The board refuses to schedule make-up to return to work. But the strike must now "hang an albatross around Gronouski threatened to bring in an days for time lost as a result of the resumed when returning strikers were Maynard Jackson's neck for the up­ injunction to force the teachers back to strike. turned away at their job sites. coming mayoral elec£ion." work on the pretext that the strike is Tim Carpenter, student council presi­ At a meeting April 26, the interna­ This is only the other side of the coin hurting desegregation. In reality, it is dent at Pulaski High School, comment­ tional union recommended that strik­ from the AFSCME leadership's earlier the board that has blocked desegrega­ ed, "With the education I'm getting ers accept job offers from the city and political support to Jackson, and to tion and is now appealing it to the U.S. now, about all I'm qualified to be is a . reapply for jobs. This was overwhelm­ strikebreaking Mayor Sam Massell Supreme Co\!.rt. member of the Mafia. All I've been ingly rejected by strikers angered by a before him. They can see no solution • On April 26 the Milwaukee School doing is playing_ poker, playing chess, brutal police attack on union members beyond replacing one antilabor Demo­ Board proposed that the teachers go playing basketball, and staring at the at the mayor's office earlier in the day. crat with another antilabor Democrat. back to work for a thirty-day "cooling walls." In proposing an acknowledgment of Local 1644 Secretary-Treasurer Bill off period." Since there are little more The teachers' anger came through defeat rather than another vote, Inter­ O'Kain proposed an alternative: "The than thirty days left in the school year, clearly. Marie Christianson expressed national AFSCME Area Director Lea­ best way for the union to hang an the board was really proposing that the sentiments of many of her co­ mon Hood said, "You don't take a guy albatross around Maynard's neck is the teachers give up. workers. "I'm proud to be picketing," who is knocked out and ask him if the not to support any Democrat for mayor • On April 28 both major dailies in she said. "I picket in front of the fight is over.... The strike is broken; [but] to pick and run one of our own Milwaukee, the Journal and the Sen­ schools because the administration is we lost this round." ranks independently." tinel, came out with editorials urging trying to take away rights we won O'Kain pointed out it would be better an injunction against the strike. years ago. Some people talk about When the strike began on March 28 to lose with an independent labor The morning after the board's thirty­ teachers losing respect for going out on more than 1,000 city workers walked campaign-which could build solidari­ day cooling-off period offer, more than strike. But we are fighting for our off their jobs. But the number of ty with the union and expose the 1,000 teachers picketed in front of the principles and for better education." strikers declined rapidly. Mayor May­ Democrats' lies that there is "no school administration building in a The militancy of the strikers and the nard Jackson fired the stnkers and money" for city services and city massive display of unity. use of flying picket squads at weak stonewalled negotiations. Support for workers-than to help put in office · That evening, 600 parents, teachers, schools has held the percentage of the strike failed to materialize. someone like Maynard Jackson who and students came to an open hearing teachers scabbing down to about 15 A rally and march called by can only be counted on to attack the the board called on the strike. The tone Continued on page 30 AFSCME on April 23 to demonstrate union. community support for the strikers O'Kain's proposal was well received drew only 200 people. It was clearly too at the meeting. Even local President little and too late. Cleveland Chappell stated he "whole­ The city workers' only chance to win heartedly agrees." the strike was to mobilize massive The undeniable lesson of the defeat­ support in Atlanta's labor movement ed Atlanta strike is that labor's re­ and ~Black community. But the liance on the Democratic party is a Cincinnati teachers! AFSCME officials approached the bankrupt policy. But it remains to be strike from the beginning as a pressure · seen if a new leadership will develop tactic to make deals with the Demo­ that can initiate a winning strategy to crats, not as a class battle requiring rebuild the union.

N.Y. Latino unionists back rights of undocumented By Steve Beck from our people," Mann said. NEW YORK-Nearly 100 union The conference participants, most of officials and members met here April them Latinos, understood that no 16 to discuss organizing the more than serious campaign could be launched 300,000 workers in nonunion shops in among these workers if the labor New York. movement is trying to push them out A resolution supporting the rights of of the country. The motion to table was undocumented workers was among defeated. those passed at the conference, which The conference also projected future was called by the Hispanic Labor meetings with community leaders and Committee of the New York City clergy. Gerena Valentin, president of Central Labor Council. the Desfile Estatal Boricua Inc., point­ Saying "the role of labor is to unite ed out many community struggles - workers," Kathy Andrade of the Inter­ going on against budget cutbacks. "We By Tom Kincaid insurance for strikers and singling national Ladies' Garment Workers' have to develop the same attitude," he CINCINNATI-Striking teachers out six teachers to fire for "unprofes­ Union introduced the resolution. It said. "We have to go back to the days here were hit with a permanent sional conduct" on the picket line. demanded that employers of undocu­ of the CIO." injunction May 3 ordering them to Teachers and their supporters mented workers be forced to pay Social .He pointed to the April 15 march by cease picketing and return to work. have responded with big solidarity Security taxes for them, supported the Citywide Community Coalition as The Cincinnati Federation of actions. Six hundred marched in an legislation for an amnesty for these an example of resistance to the cuts. Teachers, on strike since April 13, April 30 demonstration (photo workers, and called for more discus­ Despite the positive tone of the said it would defy the back-to-work above) sponsored by the CFT and sion of the issue by labor. conference, many calls in the past to order. About 1,600 of the school Citizens for Responsible Education, organize the unorganized have come to system's 3,100 teachers are out. a community strike-support group. Michael Mann, a regional represen­ little more than words. Such a cam­ Negotiations are deadlocked as the tative for the AFL-CIO, tried to have paign would require a lot of union school board offers only a 3 percent That same week, the CFT led the resolution tabled. "The position of resources. It would require labor sup­ pay increase, tied to passage of a another street demonstration of 600, the AFL-CIO should be maintained," port to the struggles of oppressed property tax increase in June. picketed a school board meeting, and he said. workers and the unemployed, against Teachers demand an immediate 11 attracted some 800 people to a Mann was referring to the drive by stiff opposition from courts, cops, percent increase and 5 percent more teacher-community meeting. the AFL-CIO officialdom for more employers, and labor's false "friends" at the beginning of next school year. The CFT says it will not go back deportations and for legislation to in the Democratic party. The board has tried to terrorize until all victimized teachers are outlaw hiring of · undocumented As Valentin said, "It's going to be teachers back to work by cutting off reinstated. worl.u!rs. "They're taking jobs away war."

22

' . A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTLONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM

MAY 13, 1977

Bhutto imgoses martial law Mass opposition against Pakistani regime spreads By Ernest Harsch During the elections, the PNA, which is led by a number of Islamic As antigovernment strikes and dem­ religious figures and former military onstrations continued to spread officers, campaigned on a generally throughout Pakistan, Prime Minister rightist platform. But the PNA's de­ Zulfikar Ali Bhutto assumed emergen­ mand for Bhutto's resignation and its cy powers April 21 and imposed call for an end to repressive rule has martial law on the country's three won wide support. The massive and largest cities. The stepped-up repres­ frequent marches, rallies, and strikes sion marked a new stage in Bhutto's demonstrate the depth of popular efforts to contain a growing mass sentiment against the regime. upsurge against his dictatorial rule. The cities placed under martial law Issue is democracy were Karachi-Pakistan's major port The central issue to emerge in the and industrial center-Hyderabad, and protests is the Bhutto regime's increas­ Lahore, whose populations together ingly authoritarian rule. In an April 21 number about 10 million persons. · dispatch from Karachi, Washington Strict curfews were imposed and the Post correspondent Lewis M. Simons government radio warned, "Anyone quoted a Pakistani journalist as say­ violating the curfew will be liable to be ing, "We've had all we can stand of shot at." The next day, the curfew was Mr. Bhutto and his dictatorial ways. extended to the industrial city of Lyall­ The people of Pakistan have proven pur. they are willing to die for democracy." The army banned "all types of The Bhutto regime has a long record processions, public meetings and other of repression. In 1971 Bhutto backed a activities, including announcements bloody war against the Bangladesh detrimental to law and order." independence struggle that left more In the days that followed, more than a million Bengalis dead. Since demonstrators were gunned down in Bangladesh gained its independence, Karachi, Hyderabad, and other cities, Bhutto has also attempted to crush The week preceding the declaration Lyallpur April 20, bringing out 1.5 bringing the death toll since the· struggles for self-determination by the of the state of emergency saw some of million workers in Karachi alone. protests began to more than 200. One Baluchis and Pathans in Baluchistan the biggest protests since the elections. It also called a countrywide general report placed the number of persons and the North-West Frontier Province. According to a report in the April 16 strike for April 22 to protest against killed so far at up to 300. In addition, issue of the British daily Guardian, the police shooting of demonstrators censorship was imposed on the press, Thousands still jailed one protest march in Lahore drew and to back demands for Bhutto's and in a series of predawn raids April In November 1975, Amnesty Interna­ several hundred thousand persons. ouster. "Union leaders have called the 24, about forty persons, including tional estimated that there were 38,000 Popular chants among demonstra­ action a 'wheel-jam,'" Simons report­ virtually all top opposition leaders not political prisoners in Pakistan. Other tors included "B.hutto dictator!" and ed, "implying that the wheels of already in jail, were arrested. sources put the figure much higher. "Bhutto quit!" industry have been forced to a halt." The imposition of martial law was The PNA has charged that an addi­ Simons reported in an April 20 accompanied by the declaration of a tional 24,000 persons have been arrest­ dispatch from Karachi: Bhutto must resign new state of emergency by President ed during the recent protests. The entire population is electrified with Chaudhry Fazal Elahi. (Pakistan was Bliutto has explained this repression politics. As we walked through stinking, fly­ Despite the state of emergency and already under a state of emergency by stating, "I don't allow speeches to swarming alleys and bazaars, everyone had the imposition of martial law, the decreed in 1971 during the Bangladesh be made to the extent where people words of hate or praise on their lips,· strike was a success, bringing business independence struggle.) may poison the already not very depending on whether they were talking of to a standstill in much of the country. Elahi suspended some of the demo­ sophisticated minds of the peasantry." the opposition or the government. . . . PLA President Mohammed Sharif cratic rights guaranteed under the (Quoted in the April 19 New York Shabby shop and house walls were decl-ared, "This strike proves beyond constitution on the grounds that "a Times.) plastered with up-to-the-minute wall news­ all doubt that the people of Pakistan grave emergency exists, and the securi­ The fall of Indira Gandhi's dictator­ papers, on the Chinese model, reporting the do not support Mr. Bhutto. We will not latest alleged government atrocities. ty of Pakistan is threatened by inter­ ial regime in neighboring India has "Regular newspapers have lost credence call it off until he steps down and calls nal disturbances." bolstered the determination of the through years of government control," my for fresh elections." The mass demonstrations against Pakistani demonstrators to topple colleague [a Pakistani journalist] said. "The In the Liaquatabad section of Kara­ the regime began shortly after the Bhutto as well. people only believe their own news now." chi, a march of about 2,000 persons March 7 elections, in which Bhutto's Dozens of protest demonstrations, led by was attacked by troops. "Without Pakistan People's party (PPP) claimed Strikes spread Moslem religious leaders, moved through warning," a participant told Simons, to have won 163 seats in the 200-seat As the mass demonstrations contin­ streets littered with brickbats, smashed "they suddenly turned their rifles on us National Assembly. The Pakistan ued and drew in broader sectors of the glass and bonfires. They carried banners and opened fire." The government National Alliance (PNA), a grouping population, other grievances were also and shouted slogans calling Bhutto "a dog" claimed that five demonstrators were of nine opposition parties, charged raised, including opposition to the and saying "Bhutto's democracy is full of killed, but unofficial reports put the bullets." Bhutto with massive vote fraud and rampant corruption and the high rate figure at twenty-two. demanded new elections under the of inflation. Workers of the Pakistan The newly-formed Pakistan Labor Simons reported that as a truck filled supervision of the military and the International Airlines struck to back Alliance (PLA), a federation of twenty­ with troops later drove past the site of courts. The PNA also called for Bhut~ their demands for higher pay and six unions, organized a general strike the killings, "A roar went up from the to's resignation. better working conditions. in Karachi, Hyderabad, Multan, and crowd: 'Death to the Pakistan Army."'

23 World Outlook

Japanese Trotskyists ·.~ declare solidarity with South Korean dissidents [The following editorial appeared in . South Korea is now entering a the March 28 issue of Sekai Kakumei s1tu_ation in which it will be possible (World Revolution), weekly newspaper for political actions like the march of the Japan Revolutionary Commu­ near the Supreme Court building to nist League, Japanese section of the attract and mobilize a majority of the Fourth International. The translation people. The proclamation of a "Charter and footnotes are by Hideo Yamamo­ of Democratic National Salvation" in to.] response to the Supreme Court decision is another clear example of how the World Revolution * * * repressive policies of the Park regime Tokyo demonstrators demanding release of South Korean political prisoners On Tuesday, March 22, Carter and today serve only to promote and strengthen the unity of the struggling Fukuda were busy in Washington other forms of political repression and exposes Carter's "moral diplomacy" conferring behind closed doors and dissidents. Signers of the Charter of Democratic spying against the population. for the lie that it is. It will probably making occasional public statements 4. Guarantee freedom of speech and exacerbate the already strained rela­ about "Japan-U.S. cooperation in the National Salvation included Jung Koo Young, former chairman of the Demo­ of r~ligion, university autonomy, and tions between Washington and Seoul. world." At the same time in Seoul, the the mdependence of the judiciary. This state of affairs-which is a Supreme Court pronounced its "ver­ cratic Republican party2 and up to 1974 an advisor to President Park­ 5. Guarantee the right of all direct consequence of the Kim Dae dict" against eighteen defendants in . workers, farmers, and fishermen to a Jung abduction incident8-will in turn connection with the Declaration of Yoon Hyong Joong, a Catholic priest; Yang Il Tong, leader of the Democratic decent living. pose an even sharper dilemma for the Democratic National Salvation.l 6. Eliminate all corrupt, unjust, and Fukuda government, Park's most con­ Reunification party3; Catholic Bishop It was an unusual full session of the secret diplomacy. Establish a good­ sistent defender. But above all, the · Supreme Court, attended by all sixteen Jee H~k Jung; Park Hyung Kyu, pastor of the First Church of Seoul· neighbor foreign policy. situation calls for the people of Japan justices, including Chief Justice Min · These six points will become a to struggle in solidarity with the fight Bok Ki, that condemned Kim Dae Jung and Cho Wha Soon of the Capitai Industrial Zone Urban Missionary program of action for all the South for democracy in South Korea. Follow and the other defendants to remain in Korean people in their struggle for the example of the South Korean prison. That verdict symbolized the Church. Yun Po Sun, Ham Suk Jun and Chung Il Hyung, who had been "democratic national autonomy and people! determination of the Park Chung Hee national reunification." This six-point regime to hold out against · Carter's convicted earlier the same day, also March 23, 1977 added their signatures. This new program of action will be a guiding "moral diplomacy." In his customary light, unifying the South Korean role as a judicial rubber stamp for the charter indicates the firm solidarity 7. The "South .Korea Clause" in the Japan­ among the forces around· Kim Dae people's struggles against the Park dictatorship, Min Bok Ki ruled that regime and against Japanese imperial­ U.S. Security Treaty stipulates ·that "the Jung who issued their declaration last stability of South Korea is vital to the "the contents of both the declaration ism in the days ahead. The coming itself and the sermon given on March 1 year, the signers of the Second Decla­ security of Japan," and by implication ration of Democratic National Salva­ sharp struggles will surpass the ones pledges U.S. military intervention whenev­ prove the defendants guilty of spread­ led by the People's Council for Restora­ er necessary to back up the Seoul regime. ing distorted information." He rejected tion issued this year in Wonju, 4 and the authors of the March 10 Declara­ tion of Democracy in 1974, which This clause provides a legal pretext for the appeal of the eighteen, letting forced Park to set the repressive extensive Japanese collaboration with the stand their convictions by a lower tion of Workers Rights.5 And not o;nly that. These steps toward unity of the apparatus in motion with his Emer­ U.S. military establishment in and around court. gency Decree No. 1. Korea, in spite of the Japanese constitution Kim Dae Jung and the other defend­ struggling South Korean people have which supposedly prohibits the mainte: begun to create political divisions The Park dictatorship has chosen to ants who appeared in court reportedly hand down its vengeance verdict just nance of military forces. showed signs of exhaustion after among forces that used to be central 8. Kim Dae Jung was kidnapped from a backers of the dictatorship. The fact at the time when public attention was nearly a year of arbitrary detention, focused on the opening of Japan­ Tokyo hotel by KCIA agents in August but their fighting spirit was undimin­ that Jung Koo Young and Yang Il 1973. The incident outraged public opinion Tong signed the charter was a bitter United States summit talks, just as ished as they stood motionless watch­ "Japan-U.S. cooperation in the world" in Japan, but the· Japanese government blow to the Park regime. refused to demand Kim's release and ing Min Bok Ki ·read the verdict. The (including an updated version of the feelings of ihe eighteen were perhaps The Charter of Democratic National instead negotiated with the Park regi~e for Salvation spells out six key demands South Korea Clause7) was being a "political settlement," which amounted to b~st expressed by Kim Dae J ung' s worked out. Coming on the heels of the nothing more than a public denial of the Wife, Lee Hee Ho, who spoke out for rapid implementation, as follows: 1. Lift the state of emergency, de­ South Korean bribery scandals in the KCIA's role and the Japanese government's immediately after the decision. Facing U.S. and Japan, this vengeance verdict complicity in the affair . reporters' microphones, she noted that clare the Yushin Constitution6 and all the outcome of the trial had been . the emergency decrees null and void. exactly as predicted, and declared that 2. Release and restore full human it was not the verdict of a court of rights to all political prisoners. Abolish justice, but an act of vengeance. all undemocratic institutions and laws. Park launches new round of arrests 3. End all torture, interrogation, and Nevertheless, she emphasized, the South Korean dictator Park hanged for opposing the Park re­ truth will surely win out in the end. Chung Hee has begun a new wave of gime. The defendants, as they were being 2. The Democratic Republican party (DRP) arrests against dissident religious Malcolm also reported that the escorted away, shouted from inside the was the main bourgeois party in South figures, students, teachers, and wri­ authorities appeared to be seeking police vans, "It was we who won!" Korea prior to the issuing of the emergency ters. The current crackdown started "evidence" to build up a court case of People who had gathered outside the decrees under which President Park has April 13, one day after the departure "Communist conspiracy." "Those Supreme Court building then set off in ruled since 1975. Park ran as a candidate of of a U.S. congressional delegation who have been released," he report­ a demonstration, parading through the DRP iri the 1971 presidential election, that had visited South Korea to ed, "say that agents of the Korean downtown Seoul. At the head of the narrowly defeating Kim Dae Jung, the candidate of the New Democratic party. investigate restrictions on human Central Intelligence Agency conduct demonstration marched Yun Po Sun rights there. intensive interrogations in which Ham Suk Hun, and Chung Il Hyung~ 3. A relatively small bourgeois opposition Forty persons were known to have the questions, frequently shouted, three of the defendants whose senten­ party. been taken into custody as of April center on political beliefs and ac­ ces had been susp~nded due to old age, 4. The Second Declaration was issued in 21. Those picked up are in addition tions and possible Communist affili­ together wi~h Lee Tai Yong and Lee to more than 100 others serving jail ations." Woo Jung, the two women defendants the provincial city of Wonju after the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) sentences or awaiting trial for criti­ Some of the arrests appear to have whose sentences had also been sus­ detained many activists in Seoul and cizing the Park regime. been designed to prevent the holding pended. confiscated the text of the document they of protest actions on April 19, the planned to read on March 1,1977, in Myong According to an April 21 dispatch seventeenth anniversary of the 1960 1. The Declaration of Democratic National Dong Cathedral. ; from Seoul by New York Times student uprising that overthrew the Salvation, calling for the restoration of 5. A statement issued by a grouping of correspondent Andrew H. Malcolm dictatorship of Syngman Rhee. democratic rights and the resignation of religious leaders who condemned the star­ "At least five college students hav~ Despite the arrests, Malcolm re­ r:esident Park Chung Hee, was signed by vation wages paid to South Korean workers been charged under the strict anti­ ported April19, "There were, howev­ e1ghteen prominent dissidents and an­ as well as the Park regime's manipulation Communist law, which in South er, a number of large and emotional nounced at a mass in Myong Dong Cathe­ of the official "trade-union" apparatus. Korea carries a possible death penal­ memorial meetings to commemorate dral in Seoul on March 1, 1976. Signers of ty." In April 1975, eight persons the 1960 student uprising and the the declaration were subsequently arrested 6. The Yushin Constitution, adopted in accused of belonging to the outlawed killing of more than 100 young and tried under the Presidential Emergency 1972, gives President Park the power to Decree, which prohibits all criticism of the declare a state of emergency and rule by People's Revolutionary party were South Koreans by the police." regime. decree for an unlimited period.

24 .world news notes

India: 30,000 political Israeli la~yer victimized The Israeli government ·has banned attorney Leah Zemel from defending two young West Germans who have been under detention ·prisoners still jailed for fifteen months, the Australian revolutionary-socialist weekly Direct Action reported April 14. Since the new · regime of Prime ed that these undertrial prisoners will Zemel is a regular contributor to Matzpen Marxist, the newspaper Minister Morarji Desai was elected to not be released. that reflects the views of the Revolutionary Communist League, Israeli office, thousands of political prisoners During the Gandhi regime's massive section of the Fourth International. She is a prominent defender of in India have been released from jail. repression against the Naxalites and victimized Palestinians and has been engaged by many of the students Many of them had been held under other activists during the late 1960s such repressive laws as the Mainte­ who were arrested during the massive Day of the Land protests in and early 1970s, thousands of persons March 1976. nance of Internal Security Act (MISA) were arrested on trumped-up charges and the Defence of India Rules (DIR) of murder,· arson, looting, and· dozens "In December 1976," Direct Action reported, "Zemel was retained by during Indira Gandhi's state of emer­ of other crimes under the Indian Penal the parents of the two West Germans, Brigitte Schultz and Thomas gency. Code. As a result, they were denied Teuter. Just like the parents, Zemel was forced to keep the detention Thousands of others, however, re­ bail. secret and not publicise it. When the Israeli Government finally main in prison. Most of them are Because of the deliberately slow disclosed that three Arabs and two West Germans have been held alleged members or supporters of the legal process, many were held for years secretly since January 1976 for allegedly planning an attempt to shoot Maoist Communist party of India before being brought to trial. Some down an El Al jet in Nairobi, Kenya, Zemel was able to disclose the (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI[ML]), who are have still not been tried. Since most of Zionist authorities' blackmail: 'It was clear Israel would not let the commonly known as Naxalites, after these prisoners are poor peasants, parents see their children if they publicised the detention before the 1967 peasant uprising in Naxalba­ landless agricultural laborers, or coming here,' she said." ri, West Bengal. Some are members of workers, they cannot afford the legal Two days after she made the statement, Zemel was barred from the Communist party of India (Marx­ expenses incurred by long cases. representing Schultz and Teuter, on the alleged grounds that the is~) (CPI(M]), a Stalinist party that is Torture, including beatings and the prosecution will present classified information during the trial. aligned with neither Moscow nor Pek­ use of electric shocks, has been widely ing. used against alleged Naxalite prison­ Polish bureaucrats in bind An anonymous Naxalite, who is ers. Poland's economic planners, caught between the rising expectations facing charges in one of the CPI(ML) Noting the situation of those who of militant workers and a soaring debt to the West, are scaling down "conspiracy" cases, described the have been tried and sentenced, the plight of these political prisoners in an attempts to attract foreign investment. report in the Economic and Political Citing estimates by Western analysts, Malcolm Browne in the April article in the April 2 issue of the Weekly said, "According to one esti­ 4 New York Times puts Warsaw's debt to capitalist countries at Bombay Economic and Political Week­ mate, there are at least 100 political ly. The writer pointed out: prisoners in West Bengal who are roughly $8 billion. The debt service rate-the proportion of new credit undergoing life imprisonment." that must be spent to pay off old debts-has risen to about 25 percent, The author of the report noted that a rate comparable to Mexico. ... even now, more than 30,000 prisoners .In 1970 port workers in Poland rebelled against high consumer belonging to the CPI(M·L) and other such the civil-liberties groups that had been suppressed during Gandhi's state of prices, leading to the fall of the Gomulka regime and the institution of revolutionary groups, and cadres of the limited economic reforms that have contributed to the bureaucracy's CPI(M) are languishing in different jails all emergency have resumed their activi­ over India. In West Bengal alone, the ties in many states and urged them to current debt troubles. number of such prisoners could be any­ organize a mass movement to demand "In the period 1971-75, we over invested in a period of dynamic where between 15,000 and 20,000. Some· the release of all Naxalite and other growth," said Stanislaw Brzosk, director of the Ministry of Foreign opposition leaders and rank and file, who political prisoners. Trade and Shipping. "Salaries have risen 40 percent in the past five were held under MISA or DIR, have been However, the writer was skeptical years and consumption has increased dramatically.... Under the.· released. But very few CPI(M-L) detenus about the willingness of the pro­ current five-year plan, the investment rate will fall from 32 percent of [detainees] imprisoned under these draconi­ Moscow Communist party of India an laws have managed to get their releases. total expenditures to 25 percent." (CPI) to participate in such a move­ One consequence of the cuts, Browne reported, is that General The bulk of the Naxalite prisoners, ment: Motors's agreement with Warsaw to build a $1 billion truck plant moreover, are not legally designated as While it pretends to be a sympathetic appears to have fallen through. "political prisoners" at all, but as force, it is necessary to remember that in "undertrial prisoners" charged with Kerala-which till recently was being run Rabin steps down specific criminal offenses. by a CPI-led Ministry-Naxalites are still An Israeli court fined Lea Rabin, wife of Israel's prime minister, The new regime has already indicat- rotting in jails. $27,000 on April 17 for violations of the country's currency regulations. Her husband had earlier paid an administrative fine of about $1,600 in lieu of facing legal action. During the time Yitzhak Rabin served as ambassador to the United States, he was the cosigner of a bank account his wife opened in Washington, D.C. However, when the Rabins returned to Israel in 1973 they broke the law by failing to close the account and convert the $21,101 it held back into Israeli pounds. In the wake of the scandal that followed disclosure of the secret account, Prime Minister Rabin announced April14 that he would "take a vacation" to clear the way for his successor as Labor party head, former Defense Minister Shimon Peres, to step in as acting prime minister until national elections are held May 17. UAW defends Polish workers The International Executive Board of the United Auto Workers Union has authorized a contribution of $10,000 to the internationally organized Committee for the Defense of Polish Workers, UAW President Leonard Woodcock announced in Detroit March 6. The funds are to be used to help feed the families of Polish workers who were dismissed from their jobs for participating in the June 1976 demonstrations against stiff price increases in basic necessities. Threat to British 'Socialist Worker' A series of libel actions brought by trade-union bureaucrats is threatening to silence the British weekly Socialist Worker, according to a statement issued March 28. Socialist Worker presents the views of Britain's Socialist Workers party (formerly International Socialists). In the first of the four libel actions taken against it early this year, the newspaper was fined $17,000-the equivalent of a year's wages for the entire Socialist Worker staff. The offending article was a satirical attack on a union leadership for encouraging its members to take cheap vacations in General Franco's Spain. The London Times reprinted parts of the same article and was also approached by the union's attorneys. Its refusal to settle was not taken any further, however. The total damages against the newspaper may run as high as $40,000 to $50,000, easily enough to close it down. Supporters of Socialist Worker's right to publish-including Philip MORARJI DESAI Agee, Noam Chomsky, William Kunstler, and other well-knowll figures-warned that the aim of financially breaking a socialist group is a threat to civil liberties everywhere.

25 World Outlook

S. African students protest death of political prisoners Several hundred students marched soners are known to have died in police through the Black city of Soweto custody without having been brought March 6 to protest the death in to trial. Twenty of them, all of whom detention of Samuel Malinga and other were Black, have died since the mas- Black political prisoners. sive Black protests against the apar- The demonstration began after Ma- theid regime began in June 1976. The linga's funeral. The students marched authorities have claimed that,of those two miles to Malinga's home, waving who died since the Soweto uprisings, placards and shouting slogans. At one six committed suicide by hanging point during the march, riot police themselves, six died of "nat1Jral intercepted the students, taking away causes," and three were killed by falls, Soweto students protesting white minority rule their placards and atteJl1pting to dis- either down stairs or out of windows. perse the march with tear gas and No cause of death was announced for gunfire. the rest. Malinga had been arrested in Soweto In response to the furor caused by refused to allow an independent in­ confirm the use of physical assault and in January under the draconian Ter- the deaths, Minister of Justice, Police, quiry into the deaths. Demands for an torture. -- rorism Act. Security police claimed ·- --and Prisons James T. Kruger acknowl­ inquiry -have. been-raised by the South Joseph Masobiya Mdluli, the- last that he died February 22, allegedly of edged at a news conference February African Institute of Race Relations, the political prisoner known to have died heart disease, after being transferred 23 that sixteen prisoners had died, but Progressive Reform party, the Johan­ in detention before the Soweto upris­ to a prison in Pietermaritzburg for he denied that the deaths had resulted nesburg Rand Daily Mail, and Sonny ings, was arrested under the Terrorism questioning. But coming after the from police brutality. He claimed, "It is Leon, the leader of the Coloured Act on March 18, 1976. His death was recent deaths of many other political reasonable to assume that most of the Labour party, among others. announced the next day, the police prisoners, suspicions were raised that suicides are by hard-core Marxists who The authorities have also sought to claiming that .he died after falling Malinga may have been killed by are taking their own lives rather than obstruct independent autopsies of the against a chair. Vorster's jailers. ' talk." victims. Mapetla Mohapi, a former Four policemen were brought to Since 1963, forty-three political pri- At the. same time, the regime has member of the Black People's Conven­ court on charges of culpable homicide tion and the South African Students in connection with Mdluli's death. Organisation (SASO), allegedly During the trial, one government hanged himself in August while being pathologist described Mdluli's injuries, held under the Terrorism Act. Two which included bruises, abrasions, Apartheid whitewash Black physicians who examined his extensive hemorrhaging, three frac­ body were arrested before they were tured ribs, and a fractured Adam's By Omari Musa bia News. able to testify at an inquest. apple. He initially concluded that In a transparent attempt to defuse The letter describes torture and a Before a post-mortem could be car­ Mdluli was strangled to death. Two mounting criticism of its treatment lack of decent food. It lists the ried out on Nabaoth Ntshuntsha, who other government pathologists said of Black political prisoners, the names of prisoners who have died was said to have hanged himself that he died by "the application of South Mrican government recently for lack of proper medical care. The January 8, two iQcisions were made in force to the neck." allowed twenty-four foreign and jobs consist of dangerous work in a the body. According to the March issue Luke Mazwembe, a member of South African reporters to visit the seaweed factory, breaking rocks for ofthe London monthly Anti-Apartheid SASO, died September 2, 1976, two Robben Island prison camp. The gravel, and busting limestone with News, "they were performed in such a hours after being thrown into a cell in prison is reserved for Black freedom picks. way as to make it impossible to the police headquarters in Cape Town. fighters convicted of "terrorist acts." The prisoners can rarely use the ascertain the precise cause of death." Again, the police claimed he commit­ The picture painted by the repor­ library. All newspapers, magazines, William Tshwane, who was detained ted suicide. But durlng an inquest into ters is of an island paradise­ radios, and political literature are along with other Soweto students June his death in January, Dr. G.J. Knobel complete with tennis court, freshly banned. And mail is so heavily 25, 1976, was reported to_ have died on testified that Mazwembe may have painted buildings, a forty-hour work­ censored that often only the name the day of his arrest. However, his been killed and then hanged to fake a week, good food, and excellEmt and address of the writer is left. parents were not informed until Octob­ suicide. health care. Scores of Blacks have been tor­ er 14, when they were told they could In light of what was previously A different picture emerges from a tured and murdered in South Mri­ not have the body, since it had already known about the general treatment of letter smuggled out of Robben Island can jails since the mid 1960s. The been buried. political prisoners in South Africa, it by a Namibian prisoner published in demand for the release of all politi­ Despite Pretoria's attempts at a can be assumed that most, if not all, of the September 1976 issue of Nami- cal prisoners is as urgent as ever. cover-up, enough details have been those who died were the victims of disclosed about some of the cases to police brutality.

Thousands rally against Basque oppression By Gerry Foley government went to in order to prevent peaceful Basques violating the official ban until a "responsible - alternative" the demonstration scheduled to be held . . . was all the more spectacular. emerges in the Basque country. Mter Coming at the same time as the in Vitoria, where the police killed Furthermore, the Vitoria demonstra­ the huge and enthusiastic crowds that legalization of the Spanish Communist Basque demonstrators in March 1976, tion was given wider scope by the gathered to welcome nationalist fight­ party, the government's ban on com­ the first Basque martyrs of the post­ participation, reportedly for the first ers released under the latest amnesty, memorations of the Basque national Franco period. time in a major Basque action, of the government may have thought that a show of force was necessary to holiday April 9-10 revealed the claws Vitoria was literally sealed off by police Catalan nationalist delegations. prove that this upsurge had not broken hidden in Premier Suarez's velvet blockades.... The Basque demonstrators pointed glove. In the town itself, several thousand police up the contrast between Suarez's its will to keep a hard grip on the Even the conservative bourgeois took up positions. They came fiom the repressive moves against them and his rebellious Basque people. foreign press expressed shock at the barracks near Logroiio, but also apparently granting legal status to the Commu­ It is, in fact, in the Basque country brutality of the Spanish authorities. from Valladolid [a town in north-central nist party. They chanted "Legalize the that Franco's heirs face their most Spain, far ,from the Basque country], · For example, in its April 16-22 issue Basque people." difficult immediate political problems. the Economist, one of the most author­ Madrid, and even from Andalusia [on the So far, Suarez has been able to stave southern tip of the Iberian peninsula]. This slogan reflected the fact that itative magazines written directly for this small nationality, which suffered off explosions only with the help of the ·British big business, wrote: most from Francoist repression, con­ Communist and Social Democratic tinues to be treated as an outlaw parties, which have been able to hold Even such police intimidation could the masses back. not stem the flood of Basque national­ nation by his successors. At the same Foreign journalists who went to Vitoria But in the Basque country, the hold [where one of the main Basque rallies was ist demonstrations. It managed only to time, on the French side of the border to . be held] described the conduct of the divide them. Writing in the April 12 that runs through the Basque country, of the traditional reformist parties is police as provocative and brutal. A Belgian issue of Le Monde, correspondent it is illegal even to say that a Basque relatively weak. Their ambiguous atti­ television cameraman was seriously injured Bernard Brigouleix commented on the nation exists. tude toward the Basque national by a rubber bullet fired into his face at short Vitoria rallies: The reason for the government's ban struggle prevented them from gaining range by a policeman who had beckoned on the Basque demonstrations, accord­ the same kind of influence they have him to approach. Colleagues who went to Despite this array of police-the largest ing to Brigouleix, was to try to drive a in other working-class centers in the the cameraman's aid were fired on too. The undoubtedly that any Spanish Basque city wedge between the Basque moderates Spanish state. At the same time, there police seemed, once again, to be doing their has seen in quite a while-the demonstra­ tions drew impressive crowds. This was and more combative forces. is widespread respect for the revolu­ utmost to discredit Spain's reformist gov­ Presumably Suarez's intent was to tionary nationalists and for the social­ ernment. quite far from the hundred thousand that was expected if the rally was authorized. show the moderates that the govern­ ist groups that originated in this cur­ Le Monde reported the lengths the But the presence of thousands of apparently ment is determined not to relax its grip rent.

26 For sale: desert land, By Dan Fein undocumented workers, Indians, PHOENIX-Don Bolles, an investi­ Blacks, women, and Chicanos. gative reporter for the Arizona Repub­ Arizona hasn't ratified the Equal lic, was killed here last June when a Rights Amendment. It's a "right to bomb exploded in his car. Bolles was work" state. Unions are very weak. in the middle of researching a major Wages are low. Undocumented workers story on organized crime in Arizona. are sweated and deported. A few months later, a team of thirty­ Arizona's rulers have sought to six investigative reporters made its stamp out any political opposition. Dr. way to Arizona to take up where Bolles Morris Starsky, a professor of philo­ had left off. They were determined to sophy at Arizona State University, show that the working press would not was fired because of his anti-Vietnam be intimidated by gangland violence. War views. The Investigative Reporters and It was later revealed that the FBI Editors team: (IRE) concluded that had secretly worked to get rid of him. corruption here reached into the high­ DON BOLLES SEN. BARRY GOLDWATER But the FBI hasn't been able to est levels of Arizona government. Both bring any prosecutions against Arizo­ Democratic and Republican politicians na's crooks and swindlers. were linked to organized crime on the After the article appeared, Senator ic boom after World War II. Land Those are some of the results of the local, state, and national levels, the Goldwater threatened to sue. became a major commodity. Fortunes collusion between corrupt politicians, team's articles said. The series went on to expose a vast were made and lost in feverish specula­ judges, and organized crime. Millions of Americans have read the web of shady and outright illegal land tion. Until recently Arizona working peo­ series. But here in Arizona's largest speculation, prostitution, bribery, and Some of it was legal. A lot of it ple had no political alternative to the city, residents have had to scramble "favors" for politicians and members ··wasn't. Democrats and Republicans. for out-of-town papers to get the story. of state regulatory agencies. The IRE team brought much of this But now, a new branch of the The two daily papers-both owned The IRE team also showed vividly to light, citing names, dates, and Socialist Workers party and chapter of by the Pulliam family-have refused to what unchecked corruption means to places. the Young Socialist Aliance are provid­ carry the articles. working people. , Land schemes played a key role i,n ing a choice. The socialists are explain­ They were, however, carried in New An article on Arrowhead Ranch, co­ tying together Democratic and Repub­ ing the issues and people are listening. Times-a Phoenix alternative owned by Robert Goldwater, described lican politicians with the underworld. The SWP, based in Phoenix, and the weekly-in a somewhat shortened the inhuman conditions faced by Two articles outline the part played YSA, based at Arizona State Universi­ form. undocumented Mexican farm workers. by Ned Warren, Sr.-called "the god­ ty in Tempe, have pointed out the The first article hit Arizona like a The IRE team reported that the father'.' here. futility of trying to make the two bolt of desert lightning. workers "lived amid their own excre­ According to one article, Warren capitalist parties rule in the interest of It began: "For close to three decades, ment and garbage in orange-crate· masterminded a multi-million-dollar the majority. Sen. Barry Goldwater, his brother, shelters and fly-infested camps land fraud industry for fifteen years. The IRE team articles brought the Bob, and their close friend, Harry shielded from curious eyes by black The report said that Warren's suc­ point home sharply. Rosenzweig, the former Republican plastic sheets hung on trees." cess was due to "1) Involving politi­ The socialist_ movement opened the state chairman, have dominated Phoe­ cians, Democrat and Republican alike, only radical bookstore in Phoenix nix and much of Arizona while con­ According to the article, the farm in advantageous land deals, thereby earlier this year. A regular Friday doning the presence of organized crime workers were paid five dollars a day. gaining access to politically powerful night forum series gives activists from through friendships and business al- When the ranch owners decided they people who controlled the party ma­ many of the struggles for social liances with mob figures ...." · didn't need them any more, they were chinery which, in turn, meant control change a chance to speak out. The article went on to describe shipped like cattle in locked trucks as of state government. And A forum last month, for example, Goldwater's family connection with far as Idaho. Some were later turned "2) Giving systematic payoffs, discussed "The Investigative Report on Mafia figure Moe Dalitz. Goldwater is over to the Border Patrol and deported. 'loan-s' and other favors to a few key Arizona that Nobody Wants You to also a regular visitor to California's La Reporters seeking firsthand informa­ public officials responsible for policing See." Costa Country Club, which was built tion at Arrowhead Ranch were threa­ Arizona's real estate laws." The capitalists have sucked profits with money from Teamsters union tened with violence. Arizona's rulers like to describe their out of Arizona for more than a pension funds. It's widely known as a Robert Goldwater denied knowing state as a land of promise. hundred years. What's new is· that hangout for "important criminal ele­ anything about conditions there. But the promise hasn't been kept for socialism has come to this "Sun Belt" ments," as the IRE article puts it. Arizona underwent a major econom- tens of thousands of copper miners, state. SOUSA: Out to get the Quakers By Fred Feldman The AFSC, according to author Marvin Maur­ "compromise" settlement between the Palestini­ The Social Democrats USA are firing away at er, is "anti-American." His "evidence" reveals a an people and the Zionist state. This "extremist" a new target. The SDUSA is a neanderthal outfit lot more about the SDUSA than about the stance strikes SDUSA-which demands that that serves as a mouthpiece for the views of AFL AFSC's supposed anti-Americanism. Washington provide massive military aid to help CIO -President George Meany. Its leaders some­ According to Maurer, the AFSC is not sincerely Israel crush the Palestinians-as horribly "un- times parade as "socialists," but they just can't pacifist, as it has always claimed to be, because . American." seem to find the time to put up any opposition to it called for "a total withdrawal of United States But the AFSC has gone even further, according. the capitalists and their government. troops" from Vietnam and denied that "free to Maurer's expose. It sponsored a confererence That's because they are so busy attacking more expression" prevailed in South Vietnam under that "provided over 250 participants with a important "enemies"-like supporters of insur­ the U.S.-supported Thieu tyranny. display of views ranging from soft support for gent steel unionist Ed Sadlowski, or Blacks who Maurer-approved "pacifists" would have sup­ Israel's security to an implied hostility to its oppose discrimination, or women who don't think ported the terror-bombing of Vietnam and even existence." No doubt about it-by allowing critics their place is in the home, or ecologists who lack yelled for more, as many SDUSA leaders did. of the state of Israel to speak, the AFSC has faith in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In That is "pro-American." As for the hundreds of failed in SDUSA's eyes to carry out the obliga­ other words, just about anybody who presumes to thousands of American soldiers who didn't want tion of every citizen to "look with disapproval" utter a critical word about the status quo in the to fight in Indochina and the millions at home on Palestinians. USA. who opposed the war-why, they're all "anti­ The SDUSA attacks the Friends because it American" too! fears that criticisms of U.S. foreign policy by Opposing the war in Indochina was not the groups such as the AFSC will make it more AFSC's only sin, however. Maurer finds a recent difficult for the imperialists to launch a new AFSC mission to Cuba guilty of noticing that the Vietnam in the Middle East or elsewhere. Cuban revolution was "solving basic social Maurer's witch-hunting article is · aimed at problems that are unsolved in Latin America." silencing such criticisms. It's "anti-American" to notice· such plain facts. During the Indochina war, supporters of this "Real" SDUSA-type Americans are duty-bound social-democratic current were fond of warning_ The newest "enemies" uncovered by the to support the U.S. government's economic antiwar activists that a U.S. withdrawal from SDUSA's sleuths are not, of course, the politi­ blockade of Cuba, as well as CIA efforts to Indochina would cause a rightist backlash and a cians who are chopping away at workers' living murder of- the country's leaders. That's 100 McCarthy-style witch-hunt. standards. The SDUSA supports most of these percent "Americanism." To their apparent consternation, the backlash politicians. The "enemies" are the Quakers. and witch~hunt have failed to materialize. That's right, the Society of Friends, a religious Then Maurer lets loose with a real bombshell. Instead, the Watergate scandal and subsequent pacifist group centered in Philadelphia. The AFSC has "looked with approval upon such revelations have discredited secret-police agen­ The April issue of SDUSA's monthly New nations and groups as ... the Palestinians." cies such as the FBI and CIA, and weakened the America features an article headlined "These Looking with approval on Palestinians is the government's capacity to intimidate dissenters. Friends Are No Friends of Freedom." The article cardinal sin in this racist's book. SDUSA-type In the face of such trying times, the SDUSA is an attack on the Americim Friends Service Americans hate Palestinians! has decided to take up the red-baiter's burden. Committee-an organization founded by the AFSC's crime, if that's the word, is that some These 100 percent procapitalist "socialists" have Friends. The late Joe McCarthy himself would of its leaders realize that the Palestinians are set up shop as George Meany's very own "un­ have been proud to have penned such an article. oppressed and-being pacifists-hope to foster a American activities" committee.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 27 In Review

badgered by an ambitious federal ing wizardry into a dismissal of prosecutor out to tie Rockford to a contempt proceedings against him. crime Rockford knew nothing about. For the rest of us, though, freedom 'So Help Me God' Rockford's honest answei'S brought from the grand jury reach of abusive prosecutory taunts. prosecutors will take more than a "So Help Me God," episode from the events. they had just witnessed are When the smirking prosecutor called scriptwriter's ingenuity. We need· a completely permissible under existing him a perjurer, Rockford angrily re­ complete overhaul of the grand jury "The Rockford Files.'' Broadcast by grand jury law. fused to answer any more questions, system. NBC-TV. That message was unnecessary for only .to discover that once a witness The push for that overhaul has Network television took a prime-time the thousands of anti-Vietnam War, starts answering grand jury questions, already begun. A broad grouping of peek inside the federal grand jury trade-union, and women's movement the witness waives the Fifth Amend­ civil liberties, bar, labor, religious, and chamber April 15. And while the story activists, among others, who have had ment right to silence. women's groups has succeeded in was fictional, the message-beware the firsthand contact with federal grand Found in contempt, Rockford was placing grand jury reform on the grand jury-was vividly accurate. juries over the past seven years. They thrown behind bars where his lawyer congressional agenda. Hearings are The occasion was the April 15 repeat know all too well that the grand jury is explained that, unless he testified the now under way in the House of telecast of the "So Help Me God" the joker in the criminal justice deck, a government could keep him locked up Representatives, and a vote on a grand episode of NBC's top private-eye series, dangerous niche where the Bill of for the rest of_ the grand jury's jury reform measure is expected within "The Rockford Files." First broadcast Rights is off limits and anything the eighteen-month term-and then start the next five months. last November, the program received government wants-from gathering the whole process over again by By piercing the secrecy and mystery at that time, according to NBC, an intelligence to smearing reputations­ subpoenaing him before a new grand that cloaks grand jury proceedings, unprecedented huge mail response goes. jury. "The Rockford Files" "So Help Me from viewers angered by the grand Now, thanks to this most disturbing "I haven't been charged with any­ God" episode has no doubt opened jury reality the show so powerfully "Rockford Files" episode, millions of thing; . I haven't been convicted of some eyes heretofore closed to grand portrayed. Americans know that too. The hour­ anything," an amazed Rockford ex­ jury abuses, but let's not wax too The April 15 rebroadcast should long telecast, before it was over, ploded. "With that kinda set-up, you rhapsodic. TV shows, no matter how produce a similar reaction. "So Help sampled almost every major outrage­ realize how much time I could spend in professionally packaged, are not going ous aspect of current grand jury here?" to end grand jury abuse. The prescrip­ procedure. The abuses started when "Theoretically?" his attorney an­ tion for change remains the same as it Jim Rockford was surprised with a· swered. "The rest of your life." has always been: patient, steady or­ Television grand jury subpoena and didn't end Released on a technicality, Rockford ganizing. Jim Rockford's ordeal has until the bewildered gumshoe had been was quickly resubpoenaed. But just made that work easier, but no less jailed twice for the crime of "silence:" before his second grand jury appear­ necessary. -Sam Pizzigati Me God" is a brilliant object lesson on In between, Rockford-and the view­ ance, his attorney dropped another what's wrong with our modern grand ing audience-learned that: grand jury bombshell: it really didn't jury system. • the government can call whomev­ matter at all when or even whether · In fact, the grand jury horrors er it wants before a grand jury and' Rockford invoked the Fifth. By grant­ Sam Pizzigati is the co-director of heaped upon "Jim Rockford" (the never explain why; ing him "immunity" against his will, the Coalition to End Grand Jury detective played by actor James • a person can be called before a the government could force him to Abuse. The Coalition (105 Second Garner) by scriptwriter Juanita Bart­ grand jury at a moment's notice, with choose between testifying or going to lett are so frighteningly bizarre that no advance warning; and · jail. Street NE, Washington, D. C. 20002), the show's producers felt obliged to end • a witness's attorney is barred from Back behind bars went Rockford. which keeps an up-to-date literature each of its two broadcasts by flashing the grand jury room. Eventually, of course, Rockford did file on grand jury horros and the a special message on the screen. The Inside the grand jury chamber, manage to get himself free. In true movement to end them, welcomes unusual legend assured viewers that viewers saw Rockford browbeaten and television style he parlayed his sleuth- information requests. Lewis W. Hine Lewis W. Hine 1874-1940. A Retrospective the primary visual recorder of life among working· of the Photographer March 10 through May people in the United States from 1900 to 1940. 15. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New The Brooklyn Museum in New York City is York. currently exhibiting 220 original Hine photo­ Remember in history class when you first graphs. The collection is especially enjoyable learned about the masses of immigrants who because it is so thorough. Not only is there a traveled to America from all: over the world to. representative selection of Hine's photographs, make their fortunes here? but also a display of the kind of equipment he Remember the way you felt, sitting in your used and a video presentation on how he was able classroom as a ten-year-old child, reading about to get the pictures he was after. and looking at pictures of children who had to Hine's .first major documentary was of immi­ work from the time they could walk just to grants at Ellis Island in 1904. From there; Hine became the photographer of the National Child Labor Committee, the Pittsburgh Survey, and the American Red Cross. Photography Hine was relentless in his effort to get into the mines and factories to document every aspect of survive? Work; maybe fourteen to eighteen hours people at work.. He frequently had to masquerade a day, for a few pennies. as an insurance salesman or company inspector Most likely, you're now conjuring up images of to get inside. Thanks to his diligence, we have a families huddled together carrying everything permanent record of a most sinister period of the they owned in their arms, waiting on Ellis Island exploitation of working people in the United _off the tip of Manhattan. Or rows of hundreds of States. boys down deep in a coal mine breaking hunks of Hine's work has an unusually enduring impact; coal with their heels. his images are imprinted in the minds of his These images are the work of Lewis W. Hine, audience forever. -Susan Ellis

From top right to lower left: Spinner girl, North Carolina cotton mill (1908); Looking for lost baggage, Ellis Island (1905); New York City newsboys (1908).

28 400 attend 'Rubyfruit socialist Jungle' rally in NY Rubyfruit Jungle by Rita Mae By Jenny Brookstone Brown. Published by Daughters, NEW YORK-Four hundred peo­ Inc., 1973. $4.95, 217 pages. ple attended a Socialist Workers party May Day celebration and Rubyfruit Jungle is uproariously campaign rally held here May 1. funny-that's what I liked best about In addition to New York partici­ it. When a writer makes you laugh out pants, sixty people from Philadel­ loud, and you have to pause to regain phia, Newark, and Albany attended the composure to read on, you can't the event. help but feel grateful. Speakers included Maura Rodri­ guez, a member of the national executive committee of the Young Socialist Alliance; Kevin Kellogg, SWP candidate for mayor of Albany; Books Militant/Lou Howort Eli Green, organizer of the New York SWP National Secretary Jack Barnes speaks to May· Day rally City Young Socialist Alliance; and Rita Mae Browp's serrliautobiogra­ Jane Roland, SWP candidate for against the bipartisan assault on to the quotation from founding SWP phical novel is about Molly Bolt, a president of the New York City their rights and living standards. leader James P. Cannon that hung strong-willed girl growing up in the Council. Barnes contrasted the class collab­ on a banner above the speakers 1950s and early 1960s in a depressed, Catarino Garza, socialist nominee orationist practices of the labor platform. rural area of Pel).nsylvania and later for mayor of New York, spoke on the bureaucrats to the class-struggle The Sunday rally concluded a Florida. From childhood on her path is history of May Day (see below). outlook of the Steelworkers Fight weekend socialist educational con­ strewn with obstacles. She is female. SWP National Secretary Jac)t Back movement. ference. Some 360 people attended She is poor. She is a "bastard" child. Barnes gave the keynote speech. He The way forward for American Friday and Saturday class sessions She is a lesbian. condemned the default of the current workers, Barnes said, is the fight for on women in the labor movement; She is also self-assured, smart, and trade-union leadership, which has a militant, democratic union move­ the history of American labor; and tough. These characteristics madden failed to mobilize working people ment and a political break with the· the history of the revolutionary and perplex those around her. and the oppressed nationalities two big-business parties. He pointed workers international parties. When Molly's foster-mother, Carrie, tauntingly reveals that her real mother was a "common, dirty slut who'd lay with a dog if it shook its ass right," a young Molly replies, "I don't care. It makes no difference where I came from. I'm here, ain't I?" A planet without frontiers' Carrie despises Molly's audacity and quick-wittedness and constantly nags The following remarks on the Next day, another rally was orga­ their hours reduced to twelve. her to become more "girlish." history and significance of May nized to protest the brutality of. the The AFL voted to continue to Molly resists the pressures aimed at Day were made at a Socialist police. Among the spectators was struggle and asked for support. taming and redirecting her. Though Workers campaign rally in New the mayor of Chicago. It was a The International Labor Congress puzzled about why others conform to York May 1 by Catarino Garza, peaceful rally. But toward the end in session in Paris in 1889-at which the roles they try to force on her, slle SWP candidate for mayor of that the police again prepared to attack. the Second International was never ·wavers in the confidence that city. Before the police charged, a bomb formed-voted to hold simultaneous her wants are legitimate. was thrown into their ranks. demonstrations in support of the Her persistence in attaining what May Day is a product of the No one today has any doubt that eight-hour day throughout Europe she wants-love, sexual fulfillment, struggles of the working class in the bomb throwing was the work of on May 1, 1890. development of her talents and. these United States. The ruling class an agent of the ruling class. Fight­ That's how May Day began, and abilities-and her relative success at it, ignores the role of women in history ing broke out, and six police and that's why we celebrate. It was are refreshing and exhilarating. and the past of Blacks, Chicanos, several workers were killed. created by our class in an interna­ Puerto Ricans, and Asians. The leaders of the unions who tional struggle. That's what we hold Brown's defiant Molly repeatedly Its educational system and books spoke at and organized the rally dearest-the fighting traditions of declaring "Who cares what they also ignore the role of the working were arrested and framed up for our class. think!" does get a little boring. It class, our struggles, our role in the murder. They were convicted be­ Today the struggle is around makes her a bit too one-dimensional. past of this country-and, of course, cause of what they said and be­ many other issues in many other But most of the time Molly rings the role we must play in changing lieved. places. Today I think two struggles true. As do an array of other charac­ this society. On November 11, 1887, Albert stand out. ters, the period, and the various parts May 1 was selected in a resolution Parsons, August Spies, Adolph One is the struggle of the Black of the country where Molly lives. adopted in Chicago by unions in Fischer, and George Engel ·were people of South Africa that exploded Carrie is particularly intriguing. She 1884. The resolution said: "Resolved, hanged. again in Soweto just a few days ago. is enraged by Molly's rebelliousness, By the Federation of Organized [Louis Lingg died in prison a day We have been participants in build­ jealous of her intelligence, and re­ Trades and Labor Unions of the earlier. One of the leaders had been ing support for that struggle in the pulsed by her lesbianism. She is United States and Canada, that sentenced to fifteen years. Two past, and we will continue to build uneducated and bigoted. Yet Molly and eight hours shall constitute a legal others had their death sentences solidarity. Carrie are both plucky human beings day's labor from and after May 1, commuted to life imprisonment. Another is the struggle of our with a strong sense of their places in 1886, and that we recommend to These three were finally pardoned in brothers and sisters in this the world. As Molly grows up and labor organizations throughout this 1893.] country-especially Mexicans and Carrie grows old, a bond of respect jurisdiction that they so direct their Spies-a leader of the Cigar Mak­ others from Latin America and the develops between them. laws as to conform to this resolution ers' International Union-said be­ Caribbean-who have no immigra­ There are surely many gutsy girls by the time named." fore he was hanged, "There will be a tion documents. They have been who, like Molly, grow up refusing to be time when our silence will be more forced to come to this country bound by stunting roles and alienating As you can guess, the employers­ powerful than the voices you stran­ because they couldn't find work in mores. Nobody writes about them very the ruling class-didn't want to gle today." their own. The U.S. government much, though. That's the beauty of abide by this resolution. They pre­ He was right. The counteroffen­ wants them to carry passbooks, Rubyfruit Jungle. Rita Mae Brown did. pared to stop it. However, on May 1, sive against the eight-hour day did similar to those used against South And although you know that Molly is 1886, 340,000 workers struck or not succeed in turning the clock all African Blacks. And we will fight an exceptional individual, you can't threatened to strike, and 200,000 of the way back. The offensive was alongside them against that police­ help but think that the women's them gained-at least for a time-a resisted, and the 1888 convention of state edict. Of course, the passbooks liberation movement ,and the gay reduction in their workday. the American Federation of Labor here will be more advanced and movement have been creating a cli­ One place where the struggle was pointed out that as a result of the efficient than in South Africa-all mate where more like her can blossom. sharpest was in Chicago. Before movement in 1886: information will be on one little -Barbara Mutnick May 1, workers at the McCormick • a number of trades had reduced card. plant there were out on strike. They their hours from ten and twelve to We want to take this opportunity were confronted by goons and a eight; to express our solidarity with our professional army of strikebreakers. • others from twelve and fourteen fellow workers without documents, On May 3-at a rally for the eight­ to ten and nine; and and to pledge to renew our efforts to hour day held near the McCormick • many· thousands of workmen make this a planet without frontiers, plant-a gang of police fired into the who before that time worked four­ a world where papers will be crowd and killed four workers and teen and eighteen hours a day had unnecessary-a socialist world. wounded many others.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 29 Ausp: Militant . Forum. For more information call (201) 482-3367.

Antiwar activists sue NEW ORLEANS SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN CLASSES. Weekly classes and discussions dealing with political Calendar...... issues. Find out the Socialist Workers Campaign FBI and Honeywell BERKELEY/OAKLAND positions and what Joel Aber, socialist candidate Honeywell activity, according to the WOMEN'S LIBERATION AND SOCIALISM. for mayor of New Orleans, stands for. Evel)f Sat., 2 By Donald Winters Speaker: Stephanie Coontz, socialist feminist, p.m. 3812 Magazine St. 'Ausp: t977 Socialist. MINNEAPOLIS-The American memo, was to prevent any attempt by author of What Socialists Stand For. Fri., May 13. 8 Workers Campaign Committee. For more informa­ Civil Liberties Union filed suit April 21 antiwar activists to "obtain publicity p.m.: The Silenced Majority: Women in Western tion call (504) 891-15324. charging that top officers of Honey­ or embarrass" 'corporate officials. Civilization. Sat., May 14, 2 p.m.: Women in American History. 3:30 p.m.: Women's Liberation: NEW YORK: THE BRONX well, Inc., here conspired with the FBI The suit \!barges that Honeywell The Struggle Today and Perspectives for Tomor­ CLASSES ON SOCIALISM. Wednesdays, 8 p.m. during the early 1970s to disrupt helped the FBI plan and carry out row. Tan Oak Room, Student Union, U.C. Berkeley. 2271 Morris Ave. (near 183rd St.). Ausp: SWP. For antiwar groups. disruption of lawful activities, spread Donation: $1 Fri. night; $1 Sat. Ausp: SWP and YSA. more information call (212) 365-6652. false information about protesters, and For more information call (415) 261-1210 or 653- Honeywell was a frequent target of 7156. . NEW YORK: QUEENS protests during the Vietnam War encourage dissension among the SEGREGATION AT ANDREW JACKSON HIGH because the company produced cluster groups. BOSTON SCHOOL: Jim Crow in New York City. Speakers: bombs used in slaughterous U.S, ACLU attorney Jack Novik charged CAMPAIGN KICKOFF RALLY. Speakers: Hattie Jerome McFarland, president, Andrew Jackson McCutcheon, SWP candidate for school committee; Parents Association; Melvin Chappell, NY coordina­ attacks on Vietnamese villages ·and that "in carrying out their illegal Diane Jacobs, SWP candidate for city council. Sat., tor of SCAR: representative of Jamaica NAACP. ,cities. surveillance and infiltration, Honey­ May 14. Reception: 7 p.m.; rally: 8 p.m. Arlington Fri., May 13, 8 p.m. 90-43 149th St. (just off Jamaica well and the FBI violated the constitu­ Street Church, 355 Boylston St. Donation: $2. Ausp: Ave.). Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more In its report last year the Senate tional rights of our clients." The suit Socilriist Workers Party Campaign Committee. For information call (212) 658-7718. more information call (617) 262-4621. committee investigating intelligence claims more than $15 million in dam­ PHILADELPHIA: GERMANTOWN activities quoted a 1970 FBI memo ages. DALLAS CARTER'S FIRST 100 DAYS: CUTBACKS, IN· authorizing the Minneapolis FBI field Plaintiffs in the lawsuit include SOUTH AFRICA IN REVOLT. Speaker: Mack FLATION, BROKEN PROMISES. Speaker: Bruce office to furnish information to "a Hazley, Dallas coordinator of SCAR. Also a film Bloy, SWP. Fri. May 13, 8 p.m. 5950 Germantown Marv Davidov, organizer of the anti­ documentary on the Soweto uprising, There is No Ave. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more confidential source in the company's war "Honeywell Project"; other Crisis, will be shown. Fri., May 13, 8 p.m. 2215 information call (215) 844-2874. management." members of the project; and members Cedar Crest. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. The purpose of such joint FBI- of Clergy and Laity Concerned. For more information call (214) 943-6684. RICHMOND, VA. UNION MILITANTS DISCUSS HOW TO FIGHT LOS ANGELES: CRENSHAW BACK. Speakers: representatives from the J.P. MALCOLM X: THE MAN AND HIS IDEAS. Stevens Boycott Committee and the Philip Morris Speaker: Willie Petty, SWP. Also the film A Tribute affirmative-action suit; and Annemarie Hill, a fight, but also the potential for organ­ to Malcolm X will be shown. Fri., May 13, 8 p.m. member of Steelworkers Fight Back. Fri., May 13, 8 izing community support for the strike. 2716 W. Washington. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant p.m. 1203A W. Main St. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant .•• teachers Unfortunately, because the union Forum. For more information call (213) 732-8196. Forum. For more information call (804) 353-3238. Continued trom page 22 leadership has not championed school ST. PAUL percent. Less than 10 percent of the desegregation, it has forfeited much MINNEAPOLIS students have been attending school. THE NEW SUIT AGAINST THE HONEYWELL MINORITY WOMEN IN T.HE UNITED STATES. support from the Black community. A CORPORATION AND THE FBI.· Speakers: Marv Fri., May 13, 8 p.m. 176 Western Ave. Donation: $1. Nevertheless, either because the group of Black teachers is even cross­ Davidov, a founder of the Honeywell Project and Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call leadership feels that the MTEA is in a ing the picket lines to protest the plaintiff in the suit; Donald Winters, PROF. Fri., May (612) 222-8929. weak position, or because it thinks the 13, 8 p.m. Rm. 326, Coffman Union, University of MTEA default on Black rights. Minnesota. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For SEATTLE teachers can get a fair settlement this The leadership has belatedly begun more-information call (612) 87(}-1284. WHY WOMEN ARE OPPRESSED. First in a series way, the MTEA has pushed for bind­ to respond to the problems raised by of informal discussions on feminism and socialism. Speaker: Jeannie Reynolds, SWP candidate for city ing arbitration to end the strike. the Black Teachers' Caucus. Leading NEWARK: BROADWAY Arbitration would be a dangerous SOCIALISM AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM: The council and an activist in NOW and the Washington Black members of the union have Struggle for Democratic Rights In the Soviet Union. ERA Coalition. Tues., May 10, 7:30 p.m. 5623 trap for teachers and the union. The spoken on Black radio talk shows to Speaker: Steve Clark, Militant editorial staff. Fri., University Way NE. Ausp: SWP & YSA. For a ride or "impartial third parties" who are explain the issues of the strike. Black May 13, 7:30 p.m. 256 Broadway. Donation: $1. more information call (206) 524-6670. supposed to objectively arbitrate dis­ and white teachers have written to the putes between workers and employers local Black press to explain why the are never impartial. Invariably they strike should be supported. are closer to the employers in outlook. Any union that relies on arbitration Much more needs to be done, howev­ BOSTON------~ rather than its own strength to settle er. The MTEA has to aggressively seek. contract disputes will end up with out the active solidarity of the rest of Campaign kickoff rally weaker and weaker contracts that are the labor movement and the organized less and less respected by the employ­ support of parents, especially in the Socialist answer to racist city government er.- Black community. These forces can • Defend school desegregation & busing The April· 27 public hearing showed help the MTEA force the board to sit • Slop cuts In school budget not only the willingness of teachers to down and sign a contract. • End racist attacks SATURDAY, MAY 14. Speakers: Hattie McCutcheon, SWP candidate for school committee; Diane Jacobs, SWP candidate for city council. of the people mentioned are responsi­ Reception: 7 p.m.; rally: 8 p.m. Arlington Street Church, 355 Boylston St. ble for even one FALN bombing. Donation: $2. For more information call (617) 262-4621. _.FALN But the New York Times article Continued trom page 21 Sponsored by Socialist Workers Party Campaign Committee. Chairperson: Maceo Dixon; treasurer: cannot be dismissed simply as an lisa Potash Canals traveled between Puerto Rico isolated smear job. It will alert other and the United States at a time big-business-owned media and govern­ supposedly coinciding with an F ALN ment officials. It will help the govern­ bombing. ment whip up a campaign of slander A similar technique is being used to and harassment against movement SPECIAl ISSUE smear Ricardo Romero, a Denver activists. OFTHEBlACKSCHOLAR activist who has been active with the Already, the government has scored ON CUBA Crusade for Justice. Cops claim they an important victory in its campaign. spotted him in New York at the time of In the past, the Episcopal commission the October 1974 FALN bombing. But The entire June 1977 issue of THE has funded many social-service pro­ BlACK SCHOlAR will be devoted the bombing took place only hours jects initiated by or associated with to reports on the trip to Cuba by this before a scheduled proindependence movement activists, such as the high rally that drew up to 20,000 people school in Chicago. black delegation, complete with from across the United States and Now the commission has been reor­ photos, illustrations and related Puerto Rico. ganized. Its budget has been slashed. materials. Don't miss this historic To bolster the case against the Activists have been purged. And its issue! If you are not a subscriber, Crusade, the Times adds more evi­ two former full-time staff members are order either through your newsstand dence: El Gallo, the Crusade's paper, sitting in prison, although they have or bookstore, or from us direct: once printed an F ALN communique. not been charged with-much less Cuba Issue, THE BlACK SCHOl­ But so have many other newspapers­ tried or convicted of-any crime. including the New York Times. AR, PO Box 908, Sausalito, Calif. And, yes, Romero also worked with 94965. the Hispanic commission. Traveling seems to have been one of DICK ROBERTS the most suspicious activities. "Com­ Correction mission members traveled extensively In the "National Picket Line" in the in the United States and to Puerto Rico April 22 Militant the sentence saying, CaJitaUsm between 1971 and 1976," the Times "It successfully survived the 1973 charges. The travels "correspond with General Strike and has constructed a The Freedom Struggle the dates and sites of F.A.L.N. bomb­ fine union haH,'' should have said 1934 In Crisis in South Africa ings." instead of·1973. Capitalism in Crisis cuts through the First, the traveling is hardly surpris­ In the April 29 Militant the article mystique that surrounds the ing. How w:ere commission members "Imperialist war moves in Zaire threat­ By Tony Thomas government's economic policies. 24 pp., 35 cents scattered across the country to get to en Africa" by Steve Clark incorrectly Roberts explains why the their meetings? Second, the "~xten· stated that Belgian Prime Minister Leo government has been unable to sive" traveling ·started years before Ti.ndemans had admitted sending Includes: 'The United States and­ control inflation, and shows the Apartheid'; Southern Africa: anyone heard of the FALN. So, despite eighty military advisers to Zaire to forces behind the international the Time's assertion, the travel:;. don't help defeat antigovernment forces Struggle on the Rise'; and 'A Call for economic crisis. 128 pp., cloth $7.00, Solidarity with South African Blacks' all "correspond" to FALN bombings. there. Actually Tindemans only admit­ paper $1.95 Even if all the information the ted that eighty Belgian "advisers" Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 government spoon-fed to the Times is were stationed in Zai:re, not that they Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 true (hardly a safe assumption), there had been sent there in connection with West Street. New York, N.Y. 10014. is still not one item showing that any the fighting in Shaba Province.'

30 For $1 you can get: How to Win the ERA by Ginny Hildebrand and others. Regularly $.50 FBI vs.-Women by Diane Wang and Cindy Jaquith. Regularly $.75 Which· Way for the Women's Movement. How to Fight Against the Attacks on Women's Rights by Willie Mae Reid and Cindy Jaquith. Regularly $.50

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Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Phoenix: SWP, 314 E. Taylor, Phoenix, Chicago, North Side: SWP, Pathfinder Books, 1870 510 20th Ave. So., Lower Level, Mpls., Minn. 3928 N. Williams, Portland. Ore. 97227. Tel: (503) Ariz. 85004. Tel: (602) 255-0450. N. Halsted, Chicago, Ill. 60614. Tel: (312) 642- 55454. Tel: (612) 338-5093. 288-7860. Tempe: YSA, Box 1344, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. Tel: 4811. St. Paul: SWP, Labor Bookstore, 176 Western Ave., PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State (602) 277-9453. Chicago, South Chicago: SWP, Pathfinder Books, St. Paul, Minn. 55102. Tel: (612) 222-8929. College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. Tucson: YSA, SUPO 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. 9139 S. Commercial, Room 205, Chicago, Ill. MISSOURI: Kansas City: SWP, YSA, 4715A Troost, Philadelphia, Germantown: SWP, Militant Book­ Tel: (602f 795-2053. 60617. Tel: (312) 734-7644. Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Tel: (816) 753-Q404. store, 5950 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley: SWP, YSA, Granma Book­ Chicago, South Side: SWP, Pathfinder Books, 1515 St. Louis:_ City-wide SWP, YSA, 6223 Delmar, St. 19144. Tel: (215) Vl4-2874. store, 3264 Adeline St., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. E. 52nd Pl., 3rd Floor North, Chicago, Ill. 60615. Louis, Mo. 63130. Tel: (314) 725-1571. Philadelphia, Weal Philadelphia: SWP, 218 S. 45th Tel: (415) 653-7156. Tel: (312) 643-5520. Northside St. Louis: 4875 Natural Bridge Rd., St. St., Phil!ildelphia, Pa. 19104. Tet: (215) EV7-2451. East Los Angeles: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Chicago, West Side: SWP, Pathfinder Books, 5967 Louis, Mo. 63115. Tel: (314) 381-0044. Philadelphia: City-wide SWP, YSA, 218 S. 45th St., 1237 S. Atlantic Blvd., East Los Angeles, Calif. W. Madison, Second Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60644. Westend St. Louis: 6223 Delmar, St. Louis, Mo. Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Tel. (215) EV7-2451. 90022. Tel: (213) 26s-1347. Tel: (312) 261-8370. 63130. Tel: (314) 725-1570. PIHsburgh: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 5504. Long Beach: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 3322 INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities NEW JERSEY: Newark: City-wide SWP. YSA, 256 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15206. Tel: (412) 441- Anaheim St., Long Beach, Calif. 90804. Tel: (213) Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Broadway, Newark, N.J. 07104. Tel: (201) 482- 1419. 597-Q965. 47401. 3367. State College: YSA, c/o Joe Morgan, 404 S. Los Angeles, Crenshaw District: SWP, YSA, Path­ Indianapolis: SWP, 3610 Whittier, Indianapolis, Ind. Newark, Broadway: SWP, 256 Broadway, Newark, Burrowes St., State College, Pa. 16801. Tel: (814) finder Books, 2167 W. Washington Blvd., Los 46218. Tel: (317) 54s-3428. N.J. 07104. Tel: (201) 482-3367. . 234-9916. Angeles, Calif. 90018. Tel: (213) 732-8196. Muncie: YSA, Box 387 Student Center, Ball State Newark, Weequahic: SWP, 403 Chancellor Ave., RHODE ISLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Box 400, Los Angeles: City-wide SWP, YSA, 1250 Wilshire University, Muncie, Ind. 47306. Newark, N.J. 071J2. Tel: (201) 923-2284. Kingston, R.I. 02881. Tel. (401) 783-1254. Blvd., Room 404, Los Angeles, Calif. 90017. Tel: KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952 Uni­ NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, University of TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, P.O. Box 8344 Univ. (213) 482-1820. versity Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. Tel: (606) New Mexico, c/o Student Activities, New Mexico Station, Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615) 525- Oakland: SWP, YSA, 1467 Fruitvale Ave., Oakland, 233-1270. Union, Albuquerque, N.M. 87131. Tel: (505) 277- 0820. Calif. 94601. Tel: (415) 261-1210. Louisville: SWP, YSA, Box 3593, Louisville, Ky. 2184. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Mike Rose, 7409 Berkman Pasadena: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 226 N. 40201. Las Vegas: YSA, Highlands University, c/o Felipe Dr., Austin, Tex. 78752. El Molino. Pasadena, Calif. 91106. Tel: (213) 793- LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Martinez, 1010 Douglas, Las Vegas,.N.M. 87701. Dallas: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 2215 Cedar 3468. Bookstore, 3812 Magazine St., New Orleans, La. Tel: (505) 425-9!24. Crest, Dallas, Tex. 75203. Tel: (214) 943-6684. San Diego: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 1053 70115. Tel: (504) 891-5324. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Michael Kozak, 395 Houston, Northeast: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 15th St., San Diego, Calif. 92101. Tel: (714) 234- MARYLAND: Baltimore: SWP, YSA. 2117 N. Charles Ontario St., Albany, N.Y. 12208. Tel: (518) 482- 2835 Laura Koppe, Houston, Tex. 77093. Tel: 4630. St., Baltimore, Md. 21218. Tel: (301) 547-0668. 7348. (713) 697-5543. San Fernando Valley: SWP, 10510 Haddon St., College Park: YSA, c/o Student Union, University of Binghamton: YSA, c/o Andy Towbin, Box 7120, Houston, North Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Pacoima, Calif. 91331. Tel: (213) 894-2081. Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742. Tel: (301) SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. Bookstore-Libreria Militante, 2816 N. Main, Hous­ San Francisco: City-wide SWP, YSA, 3004 16th St., 454-4758. Ithaca: YSA, c/o Ron Robinson, 528 Stewart Ave., ton, Tex. 77009. Tel: (713) 224-0985. San Francisco, Calif. 94110. Tel: (415) 626-6288. Prince Georges County: SWP, 4318 Hamilton St., . Rm: 13, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850. Tel: (607) 272-7098. Houston, South-Central: SWP, 4987 South Park San Francisco, Halght/Mint Hill: SWP, 1931 Hayes Rm. 10, Hyattsville, Md. 20781. Tel: (301) 864- New York, Bronx: SWP, Militant Bookstore, Libreria Blvd. (South Park Plaza), Houston, Tex. 77021. St., San Francisco, Calif. 94117. Tel: (415) 668- 4867. Militante, 2271 Morris Ave., Bronx, N.Y. 10453. Tel: (713) 643-0005. 5355. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, c/o Rees, 4 Tel: (212) 36s-6652. Houston: City-wide SWP, YSA, 3311 Montrose, San Francisco, Ingleside: SWP, 1441 Ocean Ave., Adams St., Easthampton, Mass. 01027. New York, Brooklyn: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 220- Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526-1082. San Francisco, Calif. 94112. Tel: (415) 333-6261. Boston: City-wide SWP, YSA, 510 Commonwealth 222 Utica Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11213. Tel: (212) San Antonio: SWP, 1317 Castroville Rd., San San Francisco, Mission District: SWP, Socialist Ave., Boston, Mass. 02215. Tel: (617) 262-4621. 773-0250. Antonio, Tex. 78237. Tel: (512) 432-7625. YSA, Bookstore, Librerra Socialista, 3284 23rd St., San Cambridge: SWP, 2 Central Square, Cambridge, New York, Chelsea: SWP, Militant Bookstore, P.O. Box 12110, Laurel Heights Sta., San Antonio, Francisco, Calif. 94110. Tel: (415) 824-1992. Mass. 02139. Tel: (617) 547-4395. Libreria Militante, 200% W. 24th St. (off 7th Ave.), Tex. 78212. San Francisco, Western Addition: SWP, 2320 Pine Dorchester: SWP, 584 Columbia Rd., Room 309; New York, N.Y. 10011. Tel: (212) 989-2731. UTAH: Logan: YSA,. P.O. Box 1233, Utah State St., San Francisco, Calif. 9411!). Tel: (415) 567- Dorchester, Mass. 02125. Tel: (617) 282-3850. New York, Lower East Side: SWP, YSA, Militant University, Logan, Utah 84322. 1811. Fenway-South End: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Bookstore, Libreria Militante, 221 E. 2nd St. Salt Lake City: SWP, YSA, P.O. Box 461, Salt Lake San Jose: SWP, YSA, 957 S. 1st St., San Jose; Calif. 510 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 02215. (between Ave. B and Ave. C), New York, N.Y. City, Utah 84110. 95110. Tel: (408) 29s-B342. Tel: (617) 262-4620. 10009. Tel: (212) 26Q-6400. VIRGINIA: Richmond: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa Roxbury: SWP, 1865 Columbus Ave., Roxbury, New York, Queens: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, store, 1203 W. Main St., 2nd Floor, Richmond, Barbara, Calif. 93107. · Mass. 02119. Tel: (617) 445-7799. 90-43 149 St. (corner Jamaica Ave.), Jamaica, Va. 23220. Tel: (804) 353-3238. Santa Cru~ YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, Red­ MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Michigan N.Y. 11435. Tel: (212) 658-7718. WASHINGTON, D.C.: Northwest: SWP, 2416 18th wood Bldg., UCSC, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064. Union, U of M, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109. Tel: (313) New York, Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Militant St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel: (202) 797- COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, Room 175, University 663-8306. Bookstore, 786 Amsterdam, New York, N.Y. 7706. Memorial Center, University of Colorado, Detroit, Ea11t Side: SWP, 12920 Mack Ave., Detroit, 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. Washington, D.C.: Georgia Avenue: SWP, c/o 1424 Boulder, Colo. 80302. Tel: (303) 492-7679. Mich. 48215. Tel: (313) 824-1160. New York: City-wide SWP, YSA, 853 Broadway, 16th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. Tel: (202) Denver: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 916 Broad­ Detroit, Southwest: SWP, Militant Bookstore, Libra­ Room 412, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982- 797-7699. way, Denver, Colo. 80203. Tel: (303) 837-1018. ria Militante, 4210 W. Vernor Hwy., Detroit, Mich. 8214. Washington, D.C.: City-wide SWP, YSA, 1424 16th Fort Collins: YSA, Student Center Cave, Colorado 48209. Tel: (313)' 849-3491. NORTH CAROLINA: Raleigh: SWP, YSA, P.O. Box St. NW, Suite 701B, Washington, D.C. 20036. Tel: State University, Ft. Collins, Colo. 80521. Detroit, West Side: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 18415 5714 State Univ. Station, Raleigh, N.C. 27607. (202) 797-7699. FLORIDA: Miami: SWP, YSA, Box 431096, South Wyoming, Detroit, Mich. 48221. Tel: (313) 341- OHIO: Athens: YSA, c/o Balar Center, Ohio WASHINGTON: Seattle, Central Area: SWP, YSA, Miami, Fla. 33143. TeL: (305) 271-2241. 6436. University, Athens, Ohio 45701. Tel: (614) 594- Militant Bookstore, 2200 E. Union, Seattle, Wash. Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Linda Thalman, 1303 Ocala Detroit: City-wide SWP, YSA, 1310 Broadway, 7497. 98122. Tel: (206) 329-7404. Rd. #140, Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. Tel: (904) 576- Detroit, Mich. 48226. Tel: (313) 961-5675. Cincinnati: SWP, YSA, P.O. Box 8986, Hyde Park SeaHie,. North End: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Book­ 5737. East Lansing: YSA, First Floor Student Offices, Station, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208. Tel: (513) 321- store, 5623 University Way NE, Seattle, Wash. GEORGIA: East Atlanta: SWP, 471A Flat Shoals Union Bldg., Michigan State University, East 7445. 98105. Tel: (206) 522-7800. Ave. SE, P.O. Box 5596, Atlanta, Ga. 30307. Tel: Lansing, Mich. 48823. Tel: (517) 353-0660. Clevelend: SWP, YSA, 2300 Payne, Cleveland, Ohio Seattle: City-wide SWP, YSA, 5623 University Way (404) 688-6739. Mt. Pleasant: YSA, Box 51 Warriner Hall, Central 44114. Tel: (216) 861-4166. NE, Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) 524-6670. West Atlanta: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 137 Ashby, Mich. Univ., Mt. Pleasant, Mich. 48859. Columbus: YSA, Box 106 Ohio Union (Rm. 308), Spokane: SWP, P.O. Box 672, Spokane, Wash. P.O. Box 92040, Atlanta, Ga. 30314. Tel: (404) MINNESOTA: Minneapolis: City-wide SWP, YSA, Ohio State Univ., 1739 N. High St., Columbus, 99210. Tel: (509) 326-2468. 755-2940. 808 E. Franklin Ave., Room 3, Mpls., Minn. 55404. Ohio 43210. Tel: (614) 291-8985. Tacoma: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 1022 S. J St., ILLINOIS: Champaign-Urbana: YSA, 284 lllini Tel: (612) 87Q-1284. Kent: YSA, c/o Bob Laycock, 936 Carlisle Ct., Kent, Tacoma, Wash. 98405. Tel: (206) 627-0432. Union, Urbana, Ill. 61801. Southside Minneapolis: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 23 Ohio 44240. Tel: (216) 6iB-2489. . WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, P.O. Box 1442, Madi­ Chicago: City-wide SWP, YSA, 407 S. Dearborn E. Lake St., Mpls., Minn. 55408. Tel: (612) 825- Toledo: SWP, 2507 Collingwood Blvd.. Toledo, son, Wis. 53701. Tel: (608) 251-1591. #1145, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP-(312) 939- 6663. Ohio 43610. Tel: (419) 242-9743. Milwaukee: SWP, YSA, 3901 N. 27th St., Milwaukee, 0737; YSA-(312) 427-0280. Westbank Minneapolis: SWP, Militant Bookstore, ' OREGQ.N: Portland: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, Wis. 53216. Tel: (414) 442-8170.

THE MILITANT/MAY 13, 1977 31 THE. MILITANT WAR Workers balk at enlisting By Dick Roberts At about the same time the poll was American workers aren't exactly released, two new authoritative studies pounding on the White House door to came to light that confirm these Reaction enlist in President Carter's energy war. suspicions among "blue collar people," That's the conclusion of a New York who are "much less· inclined than the Times-CBS News poll taken the week better educated and more affluent to after Carter's second "fireside chat" believe" there really is a crisis. and his energy address to Congress. Both studies dispute Carter's scare­ Carter "appears to face a major task mongering CIA report that predicted in persuading [the hulk of Americans] imminent world oil shortages. that the crisis is a serious one and that On April 28 the National Economic his remedies will be fair," wrote Times Research Associates of New York reporter Robert Reinhold April 29. issued a statement that the CIA had The public "resisted the President's reached its conclusions "by making a propos'al that would raise prices or pessimistic judgment on every element taxes, such as the gasoline tax," of the situation, which in itself sug­ Reinhold added. gests that things are not really as bad According to the poll, based on as all that." interviews with 1, 707 people, only half The Stanford Research Institute in believed Carter's assertion that the oil Palo Alto, California, made an energy supply situation is verging on a supply study earlier in the year that "national catastrophe." had been available to the CIA but "Resistance to the program seemed apparently was ignored. strongest among the less affluent blue­ According to the April 29 New York collar workers, who were more likely Times, "Looking at resources broadly than others to feel that the burden of through the turn of the century, the the sacrifice would be borne unequal­ Stanford report says, 'The world crude ly," Reinhold said. oil reserve picture is still quite se­ He continued: "One of the strongest cure.'" clues to the resistance was. the wide­ ( ( ( ( spread feeling that the program would The Times-CBS poll also registered a not be administered equitably. Eighty growing public awareness that the percent of those questioned felt that current government attacks on ·living some groups of people 'would make out conditions and social services are a much better than others' under the bipartisan policy, and that working sacrifices embodied in the program." people can expect nothing more from Wealthy Americans are beginning to Carter than they got from Ford and think the same thing. But they're Nixon. happy about it. "Nearly half of those who voted last After all, they're the ones who are November for President Ford ... now going to "make out much better." give Mr. Carter positive marks on his , "Support for the proposals seemed to performance," the New York Times divide rather sharply along social reported. class lines," according to the New York "Even more significant was the Times reporte.11. "Those from blue-collar public's clear impression that Mr. families were much less likely than Carter, by stressing his desire to those in professional and managerial balance the Feder~l budget and taking. energy pill a little easier to swallow. So the oil trusts will get higher prices families to think it was a 'good idea' to actions that disappointed organized At a Washington news conference and fatter profits~ tax big cars or to raise tlie price of oil labor and liberal Democrats, had April 29, James Schlesinger-Carter's Washington will get more taxes to and natural gas, and the blue-collar moderated his image." energy "czar"-said that the White spend on bombs, missiles, and subma­ people were much less inclined than Meanwhile, the Carter administra­ House proposals will cost taxpayers $7 rines. the better educated and more affluent tion retracted some of the candy billion more than we will get back in And working people will go deeper to believe there really was a crisis." coating that was supposed to make its promised rebates through 1985. into debt.

By Harry Ring killing of Ramon Longoria at the LOS ANGELES-Hundreds . of hands of the U.S. Border Patrol. UFWhits members of the United Farm Workers "We ask that you initiate an exhaus­ picketed offices of the Immigration tive investigation with the object of and Naturalization Service in several punishing those responsible with .the murder of California cities April 23. full force of the law. The farm workers were protesting "We ask that you intervene so that the murder of a Mexican immigrant by such shameful and tragic acts of the immigrant the U.S. Border Patrol. The immigrant, kind that bring dishonor upon our Ramon Longoria, was with a group government should not happen again." trying to enter the United States by crossing the Rio Grande at El Paso,­ Contacted at La Paz, the UFW by border Texas. According to. reports, a border headquarters, union press representa­ cop pushed Longoria back into the tive Mark Grossman told the Militant, water and he drowned. "This is not the first time the Border patrol cop More than fifty farm workers picket· Patrol has taken the life of a Mexican ed the INS offices here. Others protest­ immigrant. ed in San Diego, San Francisco, and "One of our members was kiiled Fresno. · about four years ago," he -said. "It's an The union acted on the issue at the issue of concern to people of Mexico request of UFW President Cesar Chav­ and to Mexican-Americans, both of ez, who was in Mexico at the time of which are included in our member­ the murder. ship." MilitanVHoward Petrick Chavez also sent a telegram to The murder of the immigrant has CESAR CHAVEZ: Demands Carter President Carter declaring: evoked "a sense of outrage" among investigate and punish those "We strongly protest the unjust UFW members, Grossman said. responsible.

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