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This Document IS a HOLDING of the ARCHIVES SECTION LIBRARY SERVICES FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS DOCUMENT NO.N Li-- COPY NO The German General Staff : training &r1 c velopraent of~ general staff off icer~, Vol V. Hisitorical- Division, ETJCOI, This Document IS A HOLDING OF THE ARCHIVES SECTION LIBRARY SERVICES FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS DOCUMENT NO.N li-- COPY NO. -__. CGSC FORM 160 Army-CGSC-P1-1367-29 Mar 51-5M 13 Mar 51 ~ ,fir M # P-031b Dr. Waldemar ERFURI General der Infanterie German General attached to the Finnish Armed Forces Project # 6 GE MAN GENERAL _I I STAFFI __ Vol V TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN GENERAL STAFF OFFICERS Translator: Th. KLEIN ditor : Dr FREDERIKSEN HISTORICAL DIVISION EUROPEAN COMMAND JUN ~ ~s~f~ S# P-0 31b LIST OF OONTRIBUTORS Vol I * TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEMAN GENERAL STAFF OFFICERS Author: Karl ALUINDINGER, General der Infanterie. Vol Author: Guenther BItMENTRITT, General der Infanterie. Vol III Author: Kurt BRENECKE, General der Infanterie. Vol IV Author: Horst Freiherr von BUTTIAR, Generalmajor. Vol V Author: Waldemar ERFURTH, General der Infanterie. Vol VI Author: Friedrich Joachim FAIGOHR, General der Infanterie. Vol VII Author: Hans FELBER, General der Infanterie. Vol VIII Author: Hermann ODERTSCH, General der Infanterie. Vol IX Author: Peter von GROEBEN, Generalleutnant. Vol XI Author: Franz HAIDER, Generalober st. Vol XI Author: Wolf HAUSER, Generalajor . Vol XII Author : Helmut KLEIKAMFF, Generalma j , Vol XIII Author : Rufolf ANGHAEUSER, Gener alma jor. * An Introduction and Explanatory Notes by Hans von GREIFFSIBERG, General der Infanterie, and Commentaries on the Individual Contributions by George von SODENSTERN, General der Infanterie, is included in Volume I. MS # P-031b Vol XVI Author: Wilhelm LIST, Gener alfeldmarschall. Vol XV Author: August Viktor von QUAST, Generalmajor. Vol XVI Author: Walter REISINGER, Oberst i.G. Vol XVII Author: Hans Georg RICHERT, Oberst i.G. Vol XVIII Author: Albrecht SCHUBERT, General der Infanterie. Vol XIX Author: Hans SPETH, Gener alleutnant . Vol XX Author: Herrmann TESKE, Oberst i.G. Vol XXI Author: Siegfried WESTPHAL, General der Kavallerie. Vol XXII Author: Fritz BERENDSEN, Oberst i.G. Vol XXIII Author: Werner von TIPPELSKIRCH, Oberst i.G. Vol XXIV Author: Leo Freiherr Geyr von SCHWEPPENBURG, General der Panzer. Vol XXV Author : Hans SPEIDEL, Dr. Generalleutnant. Vol XXVI Author: Wilhelm SPSIDEL, General der Flieger. Vol XXVII Author: Albert KESSELRING, Generalfeldmarschall. Vol XXVIII Author: Hens GUIDEIAN, Generaloberst. Vol XXIX Author: Kurt MAELZER, Dipl. Ing. Generalleutnant (Luftwaffe) Vol XXX Author: Erich BRADEBERGEL, General der Artillerie MS # P-031b Waldemar ERFURTH, Ph. D. General der Infanterie Born: 4 August 1879 in Berlin. ERFURTH joined the Army immediately after leaving school and received his commission as Leutnant on 27 January 1899. Promoted to Haupt- mann on 22 March 1922 he on the same day was ap- pointed Director of Mapping and Surveying in Berlin. In World War I he served in various posi- tions with the field forces and in the General Staff at the eastern and western fronts. From 1919 to 1924 he served as Operations Officer and Chief of Staff of I Corps Area Head- quarters in Koenigsberg, Eastern Prussia, later the same position in a General Staff group in Berlin until 1929, when he was promoted General- major. For the next two years he was Commander of Infantry Schwerin, II Corps Area Headquarters, which assignment terminated with his promotion to Generalleutnant on 1 May 1931. Then ERFURTH resigned and took up his studies in philosophy at the Freiburg University remaining there from 1931 to 193~. Re-called to the Army 1934 he be- came Chief of the Section for PRACTICAL APPLICA- TION OF WAR EXPERIENCE at Potsdam, followed by two years as Chief, MILITARY SCIENCE BRANCH, Ber- lin. After a term of four years, 1938 - 1941, as Fifth Senior General Staff Officer (0 Qu V) handling military history, ERFURTH was appointed GERMAN GENERAL ATTACHED TO THE FINNISH ARMED FORCES, which post he held until 1944. During this time he re- ceived his Ph. D. degree from the Freiburg Univer- sity. The last year of the war he was in the Officer Reserve Pool OKH. Finally General ERFURTH was cap- tured in his home at Markleberg near Leipzig on 25 May 1945. MS # P-031b Well-knon as a writer on military subjects General ERFURTH took part in compiling the last volumes of the German official history of World War I and between 1933 - 1940 published the follow- ing works: CAVALRY DEFENSE IN LAND WARFARE THE SURPRISE ELEMENT IN WAR COOPERATION BETWEEN SEPARATELY OPERATING ARMY FORCES FINAL OUTCOME OF A WAR BETWEEN GREAT POWERS POLISH-SOVIET RUSSIAN WAR 1918-1920 * As a homeworker of this Division he in 1950 submitted his work "FINNIAND S LAST WAR." # This book was written in collaboration with Adalbert von Boetticher. Printing was com- pleted in 1939 but publication was not allowed by order of Hitler. MB # P-031b FOREWORD This is Vol V of 30 volumes concerning the Training and Development of German General Staff Officers. It is divided into two general portions, manuscripts numbered P-031a are the results of studies solicited from individual writers by the Historical Division EUCOM and consist of Volumes XXII to XXX inclusive. The evaluation and synopsis given in Volume I does not consider these volumes. Inasmuch as this material is considered to be of immediate value to the General Staff Department of the Army as well as to service schools from the level of Command and General Staff College upward, these volumes are submitted as they are pro- duced rather than waiting for completion of the pro- ject. Volumes I to XXI were completed for Historical Divi- sion, EUCOM by individual writers under the supervi- sion of the Control Group and consist of manuscript numbered P-031b. This particular series has been evaluated and co-ordinated by the Control Group. Louis M. NAROCKY Major, Cavalry Chief, Operational History (German) Branch MS # P--031b CONTENTS REMARKS CONCERNING THE TEXT by Generavon GREIFFENBERG.. * * a** REMARKS T)THE STUDY by Generaloberst F. HAU)ER d THE DEEPER PROBLEMS OF THE GERMN GENERAL STAFF 1 GENERAL STAFF AND MILITARISM. ................. 1 TRADITION AND FORMATIVE FORCES. 7 MXTHiODS AND PERFEORMANCE. 27 THE GEMAN'THEORY OF WAR. , 42 THE WEAKNESSES OF THE GEN\ERAL STAFF. .72 AN OVER-ALL EVAU ATION . .. 0. 97 MS # P-031b -a- REMARKS CONCERNING THE TEXT The author, now sixty-nine years of age, became personally acquainted in the course of his career with all Army Chiefs of Staff from Feldmarschall Graf Schlieffen to Generaloberst Guderian. After devoting himself to historical studies for several years he was re-activated, and after 1934 he greatly furthered and influenced the study of military history within the General Staff. The present treatise on the deeper problems of the General Staff makes it clearly evident that it was written by a historian who is attempting to answer critically and philosophically the questions asked him, on the basis of his great knowledge of interrelationships in military history. The work commences with a weighing of the terms "General Staff" and "militarism." Erfurth agrees with the American Vagt who shows in his book "A History of Militarism," published in 1938, that the General Staff and -militarism have basically nothing in common and that militarism means not the opposite of pacifism but the opposite of civilian thinking. The author regrets that no official history of the German General Staff was ever written, with the result that it is now difficult to write a reliable record of its activities during former generations. How it came to pass that, throughout centuries, Prussian and German youths were attracted to the officer profession which, to say the least, was not very remunerative, Erfurth believes he can explain by the personal relationship and close ties which linked every officer with his monarch. This was a condition which developed from the medieval feudal system and which was abolished by Hitler. MS# P-031b Because of these opinions the paragraphs dealing with the principles and habits of the German officer corps prior to 1914 deserve great interest. Then follows a special chapter, "The Origin," which gives a histori- cal review of the German General Staff, how it developed after the pattern of the French Etat Major General, how it was created by Scharnhorst and further shaped after the Wars of Liberation, and how it was recognized, esteemed, admired, and hated throughout the world. The structure of the General Staff rests on two main pillars; selection and training. The detailed description to follow will deal in historical seq ence with the curriculum and training during the period from Clausewitz to Beck, and from the Prussian kings to Hitler. The General Staff's actions and thinking -- motivated by the often quoted motto, "Be rather than seemt" -- will be elucidated, and the military historians who were its former members will be remembered with great sympathy. In the chapter "Lessons of War," Erfurth draws on historical examples to express his views on the arguments about strategy which motivated the outstanding leaders of the General Staff, in particular the "five-star per- formers" Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Clausewitz, Moltke, and Schlieffen. He also portrays Napoleon as the master of interior lines, Moltke as the master of exterior lines, Schlieffen as the exponent of using makeshift measures, and so on. When describing the weaknesses of the General Staff the author sees as one main reasca for 'the failure of German arms in the last war the ill- fated top level command organization, and as another Hitler's megalomania, his dilettantism, and his adament inflexibility toward the advice of tested exper ts. MS # P-031b -c- The foregoing are only a few aspects of a voluminous and readable study, which close with the author's thoughts on the merits of the Ger- man General Staff.
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