DOCSLIB.ORG

Conewago Falls SAWMILL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conewago Falls SAWMILL Conewago Falls SAWMILL Londonderry Township BECKER RD DAUPHIN TURNPIKE RD COUNTY Conewago Creek Conoy Township LANCASTER 441 FALMOUTH RD COUNTY KEENER RD Snitz Creek BAIR RD Newberry AMOSITE RD Township YORK COUNTY York Haven 382 Boro RIVER RD Lancaster County Natural Heritage Inventory 2 Update 2008 nd Legend NEWBERRY Species of concern core habitat Natural Heritage Area Roads East Manchester Supporting Landscape PA Turnpike Township Streams All other roads Riparian Buffer Municipal Boundary Miles 0 0.25 0.5 1 Conewago Falls Conewago Falls – High significance PNHP Rank1 Last State 2 Species of Concern: 1 Observed Quality Global State Status (y-m-d) Plants: Aster-like boltonia (Boltonia asteroides) G5 S1 PE 2001-08-21 D Sedge (Carex shortiana) G5 S3 N 2001-06-18 CD Flat-stemmed spike-rush (Eleocharis G4 S1 PE 1991-09-09 C compressa) Waterpod (Ellisia nyctelea) G5 S2 PT 1996-05-06 B Animals: Elktoe mussel (Alasmidonta marginata) G4 S4 - 2002-08-31 E Triangle floater mussel (Alasmidonta G4 S3S4 - 1999-08-06 E undulata) Yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) G3G4 S3S4 - 2006-08-19 E Bronze copper butterfly (Lycaena hyllus) G5 SU - 1995-09-03 E Prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) G5 S2S3B - 2006-07 E Sensitive species of concern 3 - - - 2002 E Exemplary Natural Communities Riverside Outcrop Community GNR S1S2 - 1992-07-07 CD 1 Please refer to Appendix IV for an explanation of PNHP ranks and legal status 2 Please refer to Appendix V for an explanation of quality ranks 3This species is not named at the request of the agency overseeing its protection Location: This Natural Heritage Area encompasses the section of the Susquehanna River from the Safe Harbor Dam down river to Bainbridge. The focus is on the area of shallow water below the dam referred to as Conewago Falls and the eastern shore of the river. o Municipalities: o Conoy Township, (Lancaster County) o Londonderry Township, (Dauphin County) o Newberry Township, (York County) o York Haven Borough, (York County) o USGS Quadrangles: o Middletown Quadrangle o York Haven Quadrangle o 1990 Lancaster Natural Areas Inventory reference: o “Conewago Falls: NC511” (Middletown Quadrangle) o “Conewago Falls: SP509, NC513” (York Haven Quadrangle) 215 Conewago Falls Description: The Susquehanna River cuts though a diabase bedrock intrusion forming a low falls or rapids area with highly sculpted outcrops referred to as “potholes”. Seasonally fluctuating river levels alternately flood, scour and expose the bedrock boulders. Deposits of soil have filled cracks, crevices and depressions to provide a distinctive habitat for several species of plants uncommon to Pennsylvania. A wooded public walking trail is maintained by Conoy Township along the old canal towpath. The floodplain forest north of Bainbridge includes wetland habitats. The habitats of the river shoreline and floodplain would be compatible for an expanded passive recreation park system. Species of Concern Considerations: Plants: o Aster-like Boltonia is adapted to the area of the river that is subject to periodic flooding, but usually remains well above the water line. This area includes the bedrock outcrops where plants colonize the cracks and crevices of the ice-scoured and flood-prone river shoreline. The species appears well-adapted to the seasonal fluctuations in water levels, especially the lower water levels of summer and fall when the plant is flowering and fruiting. The viability of populations of aster-like boltonia and its habitat depends on maintaining the natural hydrology and natural condition of the shoreline and islands of the lower Susquehanna River. Invasive species represent a threat to this species and its habitat. o Carex shortiana grows in wet meadows, bottomlands, swamps, or in moist woods, especially on calcareous (limestone) substrates. Creating buffers around wetlands, controlling invasive species, and protecting wetland hydrology will help to maintain occurrences of Short’s sedge. o Flat-stemmed spike-rush thrives in a sandy, silty or muddy substrate in shallow water at the edges of the islands and along the river shoreline. The viability of the known populations of this species will require maintaining the natural hydrology of the rivers, with the seasonal fluctuations and scouring, as well as retaining the natural conditions of the shorelines, riverbed outcrops, and islands. o Waterpod is a spring annual plant that grows on damp, shady stream banks with rich alluvial soils and sometimes in disturbed ground. The rich shady stream banks that ellisia depends upon are highly influenced by flooding events. Alteration of the natural flood cycle, dam building, increased erosion, and clearing of floodplain forests all affect the quality of suitable habitat. Populations are also threatened by loss of habitat from development and displacement by invasive plants. Protection of Ellisia will require maintenance of known populations and preservation of rich, shaded stream bank communities. This may include sustaining appropriate hydrology, removal of invasive plants, and establishment of buffers that can moderate the effects of scouring events and run-off. Management of the known sites requires long term monitoring of populations. Animals: o Three freshwater mussel species of concern, elktoe, triangle floater and yellow lampmussel, along with four additional species of mussels were documented in this section of the Susquehanna River during surveys conducted by local naturalist, Larry Coble. Historically, the dwarf wedge mussel, a federally endangered species, was also documented as occurring in the Susquehanna River near this location. Mussels are filter feeders and are strongly impacted by poor water quality and unsuitable creek bed substrate. Mussels exist as a parasite on certain fish species in their early life stage, and decreased populations of the host fish can negatively affect mussel populations. Dams that impede fish migration also restrict the habitat available to mussels. All streams, creeks and tributaries to the Susquehanna River should have wide forested/vegetated buffers in order to help ensure proper water quality for freshwater mussel habitat. Impediments to fish movement such as dams and improper stream crossings should be corrected to improve available habitat for mussels and their fish hosts. o The principal habitat of the bronze copper butterfly is found in wet meadows and marshes especially along river floodplains. The primary food source of the caterpillars of this species are plants in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) such as peach-leaved dock (Rumex altissimus). Conservation and expansion of this type of habitat in the area will help ensure continued 216 Conewago Falls breeding success for this species. Mowing of floodplain and riverbank areas should be discouraged, or selective and infrequent to help promote growth of host plants supporting this butterfly species of concern. o Prothonotary Warblers breed at several locations in this forested floodplain, which is intermediate habitat between the aquatic river habitat and the upland terrestrial habitat. The forested floodplain and associated wetlands along the Susquehanna River is the primary habitat for this species at this location. Because this bird nests in tree cavities, dead trees along the river shore and adjacent wetlands should be left standing to provide nesting habitat. o The river is habitat for a sensitive species of concern documented over several years at this location. Maintain and improve water quality and movement above dams for fish migration to improve the habitat for this species of concern. Exemplary Natural Communities: o Riverside Outcrop Community - This sparsely vegetated community is found on outcrops of circumneutral or calcareous rock along rivershores. Substrates are usually dolomite, limestone, or slate. Most are flooded annually at high water; this helps to maintain open conditions and also provides silt that accumulates in the rock crevices. The annual disturbance pattern of flooding and ice-scour restricts the vegetation to tough crevice-rooting herbs and low shrubs. Total vegetation cover is often less than 20%. Floristic composition can vary considerably (NatureServe, 2007) Forest Cover / Natural Communities: The plant community types depicted are approximations delineated from 2005 aerial photography interpretation and were followed up with minimal selective ground- truthing. Community types follow “Terrestrial & Palustrine Plant Communities of Pennsylvania” (Fike 1999) where appropriate, and otherwise describe general land cover types (*). o The floodplain of the river is dominated by a silver maple-floodplain forest while the wooded uplands of the diabase bedrock are dominated by a tuliptree-beech-maple forest. o Terrestrial (upland) communities: o Tuliptree-beech-maple forest o Dry oak-mixed hardwood forest o modified successional forest* o shrubland* (mostly along powerline clearings) o Palustrine (wetland) communities: o Silver maple floodplain forest o Red maple-black gum palustrine forest o Red maple-elm-willow floodplain swamp o River birch-sycamore floodplain scrub o Red maple-mixed shrub palustrine woodland o Bluejoint-reed canary grass marsh o Cattail marsh o wet meadow* Ownership: o The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania owns key portions of the river bedrock outcrops at this location. A river access boat ramp is maintained by the PA Fish & Boat Commission. o Conoy Township owns a narrow strip along the old canal towpath, which is maintained as a public walking trail. o PPL Corporation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Orange Sulphur, Colias Eurytheme, on Boneset
    Orange Sulphur, Colias eurytheme, on Boneset, Eupatorium perfoliatum, In OMC flitrh Insect Survey of Waukegan Dunes, Summer 2002 Including Butterflies, Dragonflies & Beetles Prepared for the Waukegan Harbor Citizens' Advisory Group Jean B . Schreiber (Susie), Chair Principal Investigator : John A. Wagner, Ph . D . Associate, Department of Zoology - Insects Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 Telephone (708) 485 7358 home (312) 665 7016 museum Email jwdw440(q-), m indsprinq .co m > home wagner@,fmnh .orq> museum Abstract: From May 10, 2002 through September 13, 2002, eight field trips were made to the Harbor at Waukegan, Illinois to survey the beach - dunes and swales for Odonata [dragonfly], Lepidoptera [butterfly] and Coleoptera [beetles] faunas between Midwest Generation Plant on the North and the Outboard Marine Corporation ditch at the South . Eight species of Dragonflies, fourteen species of Butterflies, and eighteen species of beetles are identified . No threatened or endangered species were found in this survey during twenty-four hours of field observations . The area is undoubtedly home to many more species than those listed in this report. Of note, the endangered Karner Blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nabakov was not seen even though it has been reported from Illinois Beach State Park, Lake County . The larval food plant, Lupinus perennis, for the blue was not observed at Waukegan. The limestone seeps habitat of the endangered Hines Emerald dragonfly, Somatochlora hineana, is not part of the ecology here . One surprise is the. breeding population of Buckeye butterflies, Junonia coenid (Hubner) which may be feeding on Purple Loosestrife . The specimens collected in this study are deposited in the insect collection at the Field Museum .
    [Show full text]
  • CRP-SAFE for Karner Blue Butterflies Recommendations for Wisconsin Landowners and Conservationists
    CRP-SAFE for Karner Blue Butterflies Recommendations for Wisconsin Landowners and Conservationists August 2013 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation www.xerces.org Acknowledgements We thank Scott Swengel, Scott Hoffman Black, Jane Anklam, Andrew Bourget and John Sippl for helpful comments on earlier versions of this document, and additional USDA FSA and NRCS Altoona Service Center staff, UW-Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Projects and undergraduate researchers for their collaboration and support. We also thank Karner blue CRP- SAFE participants for their participation in the conservation program. Authors Dr. Paula Kleintjes Neff University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire Department of Biology Eric Mader Assistant Pollinator Program Director The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Editing and layout Kaitlyn Rich, Matthew Shepherd, Hailey Walls, Ashley Minnerath. Photo credits Thank you to the photographers who generously allowed use of their images. Copyright of all photographs remains with the photographers. Cover main: Karner blue butterfly. William Bouton. Cover bottom left: Lupine field. Eric Mader, The Xerces Society. Cover bottom right: CRP-SAFE field. Paula Kleintjes Neff. Copyright © 2013 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 628 NE Broadway Suite 200, Portland, OR 97232 855-232-6639 www.xerces.org The Xerces Society is a nonprofit organization that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection worldwide. The Xerces Society is an equal opportunity employer. 2 Date Last Modified: August 30, 2013 CRP-SAFE for Karner Blue Butterflies Recommendations for Wisconsin Landowners and Conservationists Introduction Nearly 2,000 acres of habitat for the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides( melisssa samuelis) have been established in western Wisconsin through the CRP-SAFE program since 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Use This Checklist
    How To Use This Checklist Swallowtails: Family Papilionidae Special Note: Spring and Summer Azures have recently The information presented in this checklist reflects our __ Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor R; May - Sep. been recognized as separate species. Azure taxonomy has not current understanding of the butterflies found within __ Zebra Swallowtail Eurytides marcellus R; May - Aug. been completely sorted out by the experts. Cleveland Metroparks. (This list includes all species that have __ Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes C; May - Sep. __ Appalachian Azure Celastrina neglecta-major h; mid - late been recorded in Cuyahoga County, and a few additional __ Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes h; rare in Cleveland May; not recorded in Cuy. Co. species that may occur here.) Record you observations and area; July - Aug. Brush-footed Butterflies: Family Nymphalidae contact a naturalist if you find something that may be of __ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus C; May - Oct.; __ American Snout Libytheana carinenta R; June - Oct. interest. females occur as yellow or dark morphs __ Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia R; June - Oct. __ Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilus C; May - Oct. __ Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria cybele C; May - Oct. Species are listed taxonomically, with a common name, a Whites and Sulphurs: Family Pieridae __ Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite O; June - Sep. scientific name, a note about its relative abundance and flight __ Checkered White Pontia protodice h; rare in Cleveland area; __ Regal Fritillary Speyeria idalia X; no recent Ohio records; period. Check off species that you identify within Cleveland May - Oct. formerly in Cleveland Metroparks Metroparks. __ West Virginia White Pieris virginiensis O; late Apr.
    [Show full text]
  • Specimen Records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895
    Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 2019 Vol 3(2) Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895 Jon H. Shepard Paul C. Hammond Christopher J. Marshall Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331 Cite this work, including the attached dataset, as: Shepard, J. S, P. C. Hammond, C. J. Marshall. 2019. Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895. Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 3(2). (beta version). http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/cat_osac.3.2.4594 Introduction These records were generated using funds from the LepNet project (Seltmann) - a national effort to create digital records for North American Lepidoptera. The dataset published herein contains the label data for all North American specimens of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae residing at the Oregon State Arthropod Collection as of March 2019. A beta version of these data records will be made available on the OSAC server (http://osac.oregonstate.edu/IPT) at the time of this publication. The beta version will be replaced in the near future with an official release (version 1.0), which will be archived as a supplemental file to this paper. Methods Basic digitization protocols and metadata standards can be found in (Shepard et al. 2018). Identifications were confirmed by Jon Shepard and Paul Hammond prior to digitization. Nomenclature follows that of (Pelham 2008). Results The holdings in these two families are extensive. Combined, they make up 25,743 specimens (24,598 Lycanidae and 1145 Riodinidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Inventory
    MARIAN PINKER TON BU LLMOOSE SH ARON DONEGAL SPRINGS MEETING HOUSE RUN OAK Conoy Creek Accomac, Marietta, Wrightsville Rivershore 772 Maytown Conoy Township East Donegal Township 441 D one Chiques Creek gal C r e Marietta e k West Hempfield Susquehanna River Township Chanceford Township (Limit of Aerial imagery) Columbia 30 Boro Lancaster County Natural Heritage Inventory Update 2008 Legend 462 Species of concern core habitat Natural Heritage Area Roads Wrightsville Lancaster County Supporting Landscape PA Turnpike Boro Streams All other roads Riparian Buffer Municipal Boundary (LimitAerialof imagery) York County 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 Miles Accomac, Marietta, Wrightsville Rivershore Accomac, Marietta, Wrightsville Rivershore – High significance PNHP Rank1 State Last Observed Species of Concern: Quality2 Global State Status1 (y-m-d) Plants: Scarlet ammannia (Ammannia coccinea) G5 S2 PE 2006-10-03 C Waterpod (Ellisia nyctelea) G5 S2 PT 1991-05-14 C Carolina leaf-flower (Phyllanthus caroliniensis) G5 S1 PE 2006-10-03 BC Tooth-cup (Rotala ramosior) G5 S3 PR 2006-10-03 C River bulrush (Schoenoplectus fluviatilis) G5 S3 PR 2006-10-03 C Sida (Sida hermaphrodita) G3 S2 PE 2006-10-03 CD Susquehanna trillium (Trillium sp.) GU SU TU 1996-05-01 C Animals: Bronze copper butterfly (Lycaena hyllus) G5 SU - 1996-08-31 E Sensitive species of concern3 - - - 1994 E 1 Please refer to Appendix IV for an explanation of PNHP ranks and legal status 2 Please refer to Appendix V for an explanation of quality ranks 3 This species is not named at the request of the agency overseeing its protection Location: This section of the Susquehanna River is roughly seven miles long, running from the railroad bridge just north of the Conoy / East Donegal Township line to the Columbia / Wrightsville Bridge, and includes riverside portions of the Borough of Marietta.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area
    Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area Al Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80 Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area Norbert G. Kondla Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80 January 2004 Publication No. I/136 ISBN: 0-7785-2954-1 (Printed Edition) ISBN: 0-7785-2955-X (On-line Edition) ISSN: 1496-7219 (Printed Edition) ISSN: 1496-7146 (On-line Edition) Cover photograph: Norbert Kondla, Plebejus melissa (Melissa Blue), Maycroft, AB For copies of this report, contact: Information Centre- Publications Alberta Environment/ Alberta Sustainable Resource Development Main Floor, Great West Life Building 9920- 108 Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2M4 Telephone: (780) 422-2079 OR Information Service Alberta Environment/ Alberta Sustainable Resource Development #100, 3115- 12 Street NE Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 7J2 Telephone: (403) 297- 3362 OR Visit our web site at: http://www3.gov.ab.ca/srd/fw/riskspecies/ This publication may be cited as: Kondla, N.G. 2004. Conservation overview of butterflies in the southern headwaters at risk project (SHARP) area. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80. Edmonton, AB. 35 pp. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................ ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLY ASSOCIATION 4 Delaware Road, Morristown, NJ 07960
    NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLY ASSOCIATION 4 Delaware Road, Morristown, NJ 07960 tel. 973-285-0907 fax 973-285-0936 web: www.naba.org 41st ANNUAL NABA BUTTERFLY COUNT - 2015 INSTRUCTIONS (CANADA) COUNTERS & COUNT CIRCLES Please report your 2015 count results directly to NABA through Unless your count is an existing 1st of July count started before our online count form at www.naba.org. The online form 2008, at least 4 adult observers must participate. One or more allows compilers to enter all data for their counts through the groups of counters always produce better results. It is usually Web and also allows the regional editors to review and edit the desirable to visit several habitats and areas within a count circle, reports more efficiently. Most importantly, Butterfly Count which may be done best by several parties. Since counts are information will be entered and stored in a database which in the open for public participation, we encourage you to publicize future will allow it to be available online to NABA members your count plans! and the public. All compilers are now requested to enter the data A count is held at one or more selected sites within a for their counts through the online count form. If this presents 15-mile diameter CIRCLE. Groups starting a new count MUST any difficulty, please contact NABA for assistance. designate this 15-mile diameter circle. No count circles may overlap—that is, count centers must be a minimum of 15 miles COUNT PROGRAM OVERVIEW apart. Groups repeating a count held a previous year MUST use In order to encourage increased participation in the NABA the same circle, and count the same sites and habitats as before Butterfly Count Program and to encourage even more so far as practical.
    [Show full text]
  • Z!Jfj1jjtis/(I __ Pontia Occidentalis Western White Jt I>Ei>R.1U :I Zaii As __ Pieris Napi Mustard White (Incl.Angelika)-Unspecified Subsp
    (ff;) 2002 Count Name, S~~te iJfiL/,k/Ll R.I '/IE.fl #wt Imminent threats to habitat: ______________ AIW J?f.R,£,:_Y , ___ Year count held & subm!tted for publication (1 st,2nd ~tc.): 3 llo 0 1 CENl'ERAT (1atitude)_:ll__ ..Jil...'N, (lo ~itude)_17_0 .Y._•w CF.NTERAT (describe in words) iJtl7 Cof#/1'/ /?.?J6S Changes noticed since last year:------------ suS:f tX) N - 7 includes {in circle - 1st year count only)--------- ***Alll!!J'BU1TERFLIE.S*** ifa species is not listed, write it in on a blank line. -----------(Send a map with first year counts.) To indicate a subspecies, write it in after the species name. Elevation: (low) £00 to {high)~ ft I m (circle unit of measure) PAPIL!ONIDAE- Swallowtails Habitat (of area counted - 1st year count only):------- __ Parnassius clodius Clodius Pamassian __ Parnassius phoebus Phoebus Parnassian-unspecified subsp. (P. p. phoebus) 'Phoebus' Phoebus Parnassian DATE: 11/ib.oo~ TIME: 2.·11A1Y to ct.--1.fp/'f __ (P. p. smintheus) 'Rocky Mountain' Ph. Pamassian AM: (circle appropriate words:) clear~ some fog __ (P. p. behri) 'Sierra Nevada' Phoebus Pamassian partly cloudy mostly cloudy inte~ moderate heavy __ Battus philenor Pipevine Swallowtail drizzle rain hail; % time in AM sun was shining:__ % __ Battus polydamas Polydamas Swallowtail PM: (circle a ropriate words:) clear mostly clear hazy some fog __ Eurytides marce/lus Zebra Swallowtail a y c oud mostly cloudy intermittent light moderate heavy U Papilio polyxenes (includes kahli) Black Swallowtail drizz e rain hail; % time in PM sun was shining: __% __ Papilio joanae Ozark Swallowtail TEMPERATIJRE: _]L_0 to ~° F °F = {°C x 1.8) + 32 __ Papi/io machaon Old World Swallowtail-unspecified subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Kansas Butterflies ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
    A POCKET GUIDE TO Common Kansas Butterflies ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ By Jim Mason Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc., Occidental Chemical Corporation and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents • Introduction • 2 • Butterflies vs. Moths • 4 • Observing Butterflies • 4 Family Papilionidae - Swallowtails ■ Pipevine Swallowtail • 6 ■ Zebra Swallowtail • 7 ■ Black Swallowtail • 8 ■ Giant Swallowtail • 9 ■ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail • 10 Family Pieridae – Whites & Sulphurs ■ Checkered White • 11 ■ Cabbage White • 12 ■ Clouded Sulphur • 13 ■ Orange Sulphur • 14 ■ Cloudless Sulphur • 15 ■ Sleepy Orange • 16 ■ Little Yellow • 17 ■ Dainty Sulphur • 18 ■ Southern Dogface • 19 Family Lycaenidae – Gossamer-Wings ■ Gray Copper • 20 ■ Bronze Copper • 21 ■ Coral Hairstreak • 22 ■ Gray Hairstreak • 23 ■ Juniper Hairstreak • 24 ■ Reakirts' Blue • 25 ■ Eastern Tailed-Blue • 26 ■ Spring Azure and Summer Azure • 27 Family Nymphalidae – Brushfoots ■ American Snout • 28 ■ Variegated Fritillary • 29 ■ Great Spangled Fritillary • 30 ■ Regal Fritillary • 31 ■ Gorgone Checkerspot • 32 ■ Silvery Checkerspot • 33 ■ Phaon Crescent • 34 ■ Pearl Crescent • 35 ■ Question Mark • 36 ■ Eastern Comma • 37 ■ Mourning Cloak • 38 ■ American Lady • 39 ©Greg Sievert ■ Painted Lady • 40 ■ Red Admiral • 41 ■ Common Buckeye • 42 ■ Red-spotted Purple • 43 ■ Viceroy • 44 ■ Goatweed Leafwing • 45 ■ Hackberry Emperor • 46 ■ Tawny Emperor • 47 ■ Little Wood Satyr • 48 ■ Common Wood Nymph • 49 ■ Monarch • 50 Family
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Response to Floral Resources During Early Establishment at A
    J Insect Conserv (2012) 16:457–472 DOI 10.1007/s10841-011-9433-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Butterfly response to floral resources during early establishment at a heterogeneous prairie biomass production site in Iowa, USA Mark C. Myers • Benjamin J. Hoksch • James T. Mason Received: 5 March 2011 / Accepted: 18 August 2011 / Published online: 1 September 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract In the Midwestern USA, current biofuel pro- marginal lands could have positive effects on the mainte- duction systems rely on high input monoculture crops that nance of butterfly populations in agricultural landscapes. do little to support native biodiversity. The University of Northern Iowa’s Tallgrass Prairie Center is investigating Keywords Bioenergy Á Community ecology Á the feasibility of cultivating and harvesting diverse mixes Grassland restoration Á Lepidoptera Á Species richness of native prairie vegetation for use as a sustainable biofuel in a manner that also conserves biodiversity and protects soil and water resources. In 2009, we established 48 Introduction research plots on three soil types at an Iowa site with a uniform history of row crop production. We seeded each The destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of grass- plot with one of four treatments of native prairie vegeta- land habitats has triggered significant butterfly population tion: (1) switchgrass monoculture, (2) warm-season grass declines and range contractions throughout Europe (Krauss mix (5 grass species), (3) biomass mix (16 species of et al. 2010; Polus et al. 2007; Stefanescu et al. 2010; grasses, legumes, and forbs), or (4) prairie mix (32 species Thomas et al. 2004) and North America (Forister et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Community Temporal Trends and Responses to Resource Availability Along a Hydrologic Gradient of Montane Meadows Jennet C
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Butterfly community temporal trends and responses to resource availability along a hydrologic gradient of montane meadows Jennet C. Caruthers Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Caruthers, Jennet C., "Butterfly ommc unity temporal trends and responses to resource availability along a hydrologic gradient of montane meadows" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15359. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15359 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Butterfly community temporal trends and responses to resource availability along a hydrologic gradient of montane meadows by Jennet C. Caruthers A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Diane M. Debinski, Major Professor Brian J. Wilsey David L. Otis Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 1453895 1453895 2008 ii DEDICATION To my husband, Hanh, for his patience and his loving support. iii
    [Show full text]
  • Sentinels on the Wing: the Status and Conservation of Butterflies in Canada
    Sentinels on the Wing The Status and Conservation of Butterflies in Canada Peter W. Hall Foreword In Canada, our ties to the land are strong and deep. Whether we have viewed the coasts of British Columbia or Cape Breton, experienced the beauty of the Arctic tundra, paddled on rivers through our sweeping boreal forests, heard the wind in the prairies, watched caribou swim the rivers of northern Labrador, or searched for song birds in the hardwood forests of south eastern Canada, we all call Canada our home and native land. Perhaps because Canada’s landscapes are extensive and cover a broad range of diverse natural systems, it is easy for us to assume the health of our important natural spaces and the species they contain. Our country seems so vast compared to the number of Canadians that it is difficult for us to imagine humans could have any lasting effect on nature. Yet emerging science demonstrates that our natural systems and the species they contain are increas- ingly at risk. While the story is by no means complete, key indicator species demonstrate that Canada’s natural legacy is under pressure from a number of sources, such as the conversion of lands for human uses, the release of toxic chemicals, the introduction of new, invasive species or the further spread of natural pests, and a rapidly changing climate. These changes are hitting home and, with the globalization and expansion of human activities, it is clear the pace of change is accelerating. While their flights of fancy may seem insignificant, butterflies are sentinels or early indicators of this change, and can act as important messengers to raise awareness.
    [Show full text]