La Compensation Dans Les Interactions Plantes-Insectes : Modélisation, Simulation Et Expérimentation Audrey Lebon

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

La Compensation Dans Les Interactions Plantes-Insectes : Modélisation, Simulation Et Expérimentation Audrey Lebon La compensation dans les interactions plantes-insectes : modélisation, simulation et expérimentation Audrey Lebon To cite this version: Audrey Lebon. La compensation dans les interactions plantes-insectes : modélisation, simulation et expérimentation. Biologie végétale. Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014MON20161. tel-01747618 HAL Id: tel-01747618 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01747618 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par UNIVERSITE MONTPELLIER 2 Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale Sibaghe Et de l’unité de recherche AMAP (CIRAD) Spécialité : Écologie, Évolution, Ressources Génétiques, Paléontologie (EERGP) Présentée par Audrey Lebon La compensation dans les interactions plantes-insectes : modélisation, simulation et expérimentation Soutenue le 10 décembre 2014 devant le jury composé de M. Yves DUMONT, directeur de recherche, CIRAD, Montpellier Directeur de thèse M. Michel GENARD, directeur de recherche, INRA, Avignon Rapporteur M. Frédéric GROGNARD, chargé de recherche, INRIA, Sophia Antipolis Examinateur M. Serge KREITER, professeur, SupAgro, Montpellier Examinateur M. Jean-Christophe POGGIALE, professeur, AMU, Marseille Rapporteur “La r´eflexion peut nuire gravement `ala sant´e,ou du moins `ala paix de l’esprit.” Geert Kelchtermans R´esum´e La r´esistance et la tol´erance, c’est `adire la capacit´ede la plante `asupporter la pr´esence des ravageurs, sont deux moyens dont usent les plantes pour se d´efendre. La tol´erance est fortement li´ee `aun processus de compensation qui est une r´eponse positive des plantes `ala pr´esence des ravageurs (en terme de reproduction et/ou de croissance). Dans le but d’apporter de nouvelles pistes de r´eflexion dans le domaine des interactions plantes- insectes, nous avons conduit trois ´etudes diff´erentes sur la compensation chez les plantes. Dans la premi`ere, nous avons d´evelopp´eun mod`ele math´ematique g´en´erique, dont l’´etude a mis en ´evidence l’existence de param`etres seuils qui d´eterminent la co-existence ou non de diff´erents types d’´equilibres de compensation. La seconde ´etude, exp´erimentale, visait `atester l’hypoth`ese de compensation chez la tomate en r´eponse `ala mineuse de la tomate, Tuta absoluta . Dans notre exp´erience, le cultivar de tomate a pr´esent´edes tendances `ala compensation pour deux niveaux d’infestation, et `ala sur-compensation reproductive en cas de faible infestation. Enfin, toujours dans le cas de la tomate et T. absoluta , les derniers d´eveloppements s’appuient sur un mod`ele informatique de type ≪ Structure-Fonction ≫. Ce mod`ele a permis de tester et visualiser diff´erentes situations (dates et positionnements de l’attaque) sur une repr´esentation plus r´ealiste de la plante. Pour conclure, nous avons mis en ´evidence que la compensation peut avoir un impact important sur l’efficacit´edes strat´egies de protection des cultures et qu’elle devrait ˆetre prise en compte dans le d´eveloppement de ces derni`eres. Mots-clefs : Interactions Plantes-Insectes, Compensation, Mod´elisation Math´ematique, Tomate, Tuta absoluta , Simulation Informatique, D´efense des Plantes. Abstract Compensation response in plant-insect interactions : modelling, simulation and experiment. Resistance and tolerance, which is the ability of plants to endure a pest attack, are two different aspects of plants defenses. Tolerance is strongly linked to a compensation process which is a positive response of plants to the presence of pests (in terms of reproduction and / or growth). In order to bring new insights in the field of plant- insect interactions, we conducted three different studies on compensation in plants. In the first one, we developed a generic mathematical model, whose study revealed the existence of threshold parameters that determine the co-existence or not of different types of compensation equilibria. The second study, which was experimental, aimed to test the hypothesis of a compensation response in tomato under the attack of the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta . In our experiment, the tomato cultivar presented trends in compensation for two levels of infestations, and trends of reproductive overcompensation for low infestation. Finally, our last study is based on a ”Structure-Function” computer model, still on tomato and T. absoluta . This model was used to test and visualize different attack situations (dates and positions) on a more realistic representation of the tomato plant. In conclusion, we have shown that compensation may have a significant impact on the efficacy of crop protection strategies, and should be taken into account in their development. Keywords : Plant-Insect Interaction, Compensation, Mathematical Modelling, Tomato, Tuta absoluta , Computer Simulation, Plant Defenses. Remerciements Si je suis convaincue d’une chose `afin de ces trois ans de th`ese, c’est que tout aurait ´et´e diff´erent sans la pr´esence de certaines personnes dans ma vie. Je remercie toutes les institutions qui m’ont permis de r´ealiser ma th`ese dans les meilleures conditions : le CIRAD, mon laboratoire AMAP ainsi que l’´ecole doctorale Sibaghe et l’universit´ede Montpellier 2. Parmi ces institutions, je me dois de remercier mon di- recteur de th`ese, Yves Dumont pour son encadrement. Je remercie ´egalement l’Institut de Sophia Agrobiotech ainsi que l’INRIA au travers de Ludovic Mailleret et Fr´ed´eric Grognard pour leurs relectures et leurs avis sur mes travaux. Je tiens `aremercier mes rapporteurs, Jean Christophe Poggiale et Michel G´enard pour leur relectures constructives et d´etaill´ees de mes travaux de recherche, ainsi Fr´ed´eric Grognard et Serge Kreiter qui ont tr`es aimablement accept´ede faire partie de mon jury de th`ese. Un merci un peu particulier pour Serge Kreiter et Thierry Fourcaud qui m’ont aid´eet soutenu dans les moments compliqu´es de ma th`ese. Au cours de ma th`ese, j’ai eu l’incroyable chance d’effectuer une mission de trois mois aux Pays-Bas. Je voudrais donc remercier toute l’´equipe du CSA de Wageningen : Wopke van der Werf qui a eu la gentillesse de m’encadrer, de m’´ecouter, de me conseiller, de me ras- surer mais aussi de me faire visiter sa r´egion, de me faire partager des instants d´elicieux en compagnie de sa famille ; Jochem Evers, qui a eu la patience de m’apprendre un nouveau langage informatique, qui m’a aid´e`aconstruire ces fameuses tomates virtuelles et avec qui j’ai pu partager ces fonds d’´ecrans geeks ; Ep Heuvelink qui a su prendre de son temps pour partager ses connaissances sur les tomates lors de nos r´eunions ou mˆeme d’un TP ; Sjanie, pour toutes ses gentilles attention et son aide pr´ecieuse pour m’int´egrer dans la grande ´equipe du CSA et bien sur, l’ensemble des doctorants et stagiaire du CSA Wenfeng, Franca, Marcia, Fang, Yang, Junqi pour les pauses repas tellement joyeuses et les soir´ees d´ecouvertes du monde o`uj’ai mang´ebien plus que de raison. J’ai ´egalement pu passer plusieurs mois `al’institut de Sophia Agrobiotech pour la r´ealisation de mes exp´erimentations. Tous mes remerciements sur cette p´eriode vont avant tout `aPhilippe B´earez, qui avec sa gentillesse sans limite a toujours ´et´el`apour me donner un coup de main et sans qui bien des choses n’auraient pu ˆetre faites ; `a Lionel Salvy et Sylvain Nu´ee pour les midis apaisants et les discussions anim´ees ; `aPeng Han pour avoir accept´ede partager son bureau avec moi ; `aVal´erie et Pascale pour leur aide sur la mise en place de l’exp´erimentation et leurs mots d’encouragements ; et bien sur `aNicolas Desneux. iv En tant que doctorante de la premi`ere promotion de l’EIR-A, je souhaite ´egalement remercier Agreenium pour ces deux s´eminaires r´esidentiels qui m’ont permis de faire des pauses appr´eci´ees dans la r´edaction d’article et la pr´eparation de colloques `al’´etranger tout en m’ouvrant `ad’autres probl´ematiques. Mais quand je pense `a Agreenium, je pense particuli`erement `aMireille Mourzelas pour l’organisation de folie des s´eminaires, mais aussi `aSt´ephane Guilbert pour sa pr´esence, son ´ecoute et sa gentillesse. Et puis comment oublier toute ma promo : Oriane, Arnaud, Camille, H´el`ene, Caroline, Cl´ement, Enrique et tous les autres que je ne vais pas pouvoir citer. Merci pour ces soir´ees inoubliables, pour ces moments de franche rigolades et pour ce partage de nos situations parfois bienheureuses, parfois douloureuses. Enfin mais ce sont certainement les remerciements les plus importants, merci `atous ceux sans qui je ne serai certainement pas arriv´ee au bout de ces trois ans. Merci `aNicolas, Gilles, Jean pour avoir accept´ema pr´esence dans leurs bureaux pendants ces trois ans, merci d’avoir support´emes grognements d’exasp´eration, mes d´ecouragements et mes ´eclats de rire devant mon pc. Merci `atous les coll`egues du laboratoire pour ces nouvelles ´echang´ees au coin d’un couloir ou `ala machine `acaf´e. Merci `aJeff qui n’a eu de cesse de v´erifier que je tenais toujours bien dans mes talons. Mille fois merci `aS´ebastien Griffon qui au del`ade son aide pr´ecieuse sous GroImp, est devenu un ami r´eellement cher `ames yeux : merci pour ces pauses midis donc j’avais parfois affreusement besoin, merci pour ces soir´ees pass´ees `arefaire le monde, et surtout merci pour toutes les fois o`utu m’as encourag´eet soutenu.
Recommended publications
  • Effects of Prescribed Fire and Fire Surrogates on Pollinators and Saproxylic Beetles in North Carolina and Alabama
    EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE AND FIRE SURROGATES ON POLLINATORS AND SAPROXYLIC BEETLES IN NORTH CAROLINA AND ALABAMA by JOSHUA W. CAMPBELL (Under the Direction of James L. Hanula) ABSTRACT Pollinating and saproxylic insects are two groups of forest insects that are considered to be extremely vital for forest health. These insects maintain and enhance plant diversity, but also help recycle nutrients back into the soil. Forest management practices (prescribed burns, thinnings, herbicide use) are commonly used methods to limit fuel build up within forests. However, their effects on pollinating and saproxylic insects are poorly understood. We collected pollinating and saproxylic insect from North Carolina and Alabama from 2002-2004 among different treatment plots. In North Carolina, we captured 7921 floral visitors from four orders and 21 families. Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with Halictidae being the most abundant family. The majority of floral visitors were captured in the mechanical plus burn treatments, while lower numbers were caught on the mechanical only treatments, burn only treatments and control treatments. Overall species richness was also higher on mechanical plus burn treatments compared to other treatments. Total pollinator abundance was correlated with decreased tree basal area (r2=0.58) and increased percent herbaceous plant cover (r2=0.71). We captured 37,191 saproxylic Coleoptera in North Carolina, comprising 20 families and 122 species. Overall, species richness and total abundance of Coleoptera were not significantly different among treatments. However, total numbers of many key families, such as Scolytidae, Curculionidae, Cerambycidae, and Buprestidae, have higher total numbers in treated plots compared to untreated controls and several families (Elateridae, Cleridae, Trogositidae, Scolytidae) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) in abundance.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects Of. Prescribed Fire and Fire Surrogates on Saproxylic Coleoptera in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina 1
    Effects of. Prescribed Fire and Fire Surrogates on Saproxylic Coleoptera in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina 1 2 Joshua W. Campbell , James L. Hanula and Thomas A. Waldrop 3 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green St., Athens, Georgia 30602-2044 USA J. Entomol. Sci. 43(1): 57-75 (January 2008) Abstract We examined the effects of forest management practices (prescribed burning, me­ chanical, and prescribed burn plus mechanical) on saproxylic forest Coleoptera in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. During the 2-yr study, we captured 37,191 Coleoptera with baited multiple-funnel traps and pipe traps, comprising 20 families and 122 species that were used for our analysis. Saproxylic beetle numbers increased greatly from the first year to the second year on all treatments. Species richness and total abundance of Coleoptera were not significantly affected by the treatments, but several families (e.g., Elateridae, Cleridae, Trogositi­ dae, Scolytidae) were significantly more abundant on treated plots. Abundances of many spe­ cies, including various species of Scolytidae were significantly affected by the treatments. How­ ever, these scolytids (Hylastes salebrosus Eichoff, Ips grandicollis Eichoff, Xyloborinus saxeseni Ratzburg, Xyleborus sp., Xyleborus atratus Eichoff) did not respond in the same way to the treatments. Likewise, other Coleoptera such as Pityophagus sp. (Nitidulidae), Hylobius pales Herbst (Curculionidae), and Xylotrechus sagittatus Germar (Cerambycidae) also varied in their responses to the treatments. Species richness was not significantly different for the spring 2003 trapping seasons, but the fall 2003 sample had a higher number of species on mechanical shrub removal only and mechanical shrub removal plus prescribed burning plots compared with con­ trols.
    [Show full text]
  • And Lepidoptera Associated with Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Marshall (Oleaceae) in the Red River Valley of Eastern North Dakota
    A FAUNAL SURVEY OF COLEOPTERA, HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA), AND LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSHALL (OLEACEAE) IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By James Samuel Walker In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Entomology March 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School North DakotaTitle State University North DaGkroadtaua Stet Sacteho Uolniversity A FAUNAL SURVEYG rOFad COLEOPTERA,uate School HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA), AND LEPIDOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH Title A FFRAXINUSAUNAL S UPENNSYLVANICARVEY OF COLEO MARSHALLPTERTAitl,e HEM (OLEACEAE)IPTERA (HET INER THEOPTE REDRA), AND LAE FPAIDUONPATLE RSUAR AVSESYO COIFA CTOEDLE WOIPTTHE RFRAA, XHIENMUISP PTENRNAS (YHLEVTAENRICOAP TMEARRAS),H AANLDL RIVER VALLEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA L(EOPLIDEAOCPTEEAREA) I ANS TSHOEC RIAETDE RDI VWEITRH V FARLALXEIYN UOSF P EEANSNTSEYRLNV ANNOICRAT HM DAARKSHOATALL (OLEACEAE) IN THE RED RIVER VAL LEY OF EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA ByB y By JAMESJAME SSAMUEL SAMUE LWALKER WALKER JAMES SAMUEL WALKER TheThe Su pSupervisoryervisory C oCommitteemmittee c ecertifiesrtifies t hthatat t hthisis ddisquisition isquisition complies complie swith wit hNorth Nor tDakotah Dako ta State State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of University’s regulations and meetMASTERs the acce pOFted SCIENCE standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: David A. Rider DCoa-­CCo-Chairvhiadi rA.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographical Record
    September--October ISSS.] tS UCtIE. [4564-4577 11 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to .forward tkeir works to t]e editors as soon as #ublisked. Tke date of ublicaNon, g'iven in 3racke/s [], mars te time at wkica tae work was received, unless an earlier date of ublicalion is known to recorder or editor. nless otaerwise slated eac& record is made directly from lae work tat is noticed. A colon after [nildal designates tae most common ffiven name, as: A: Augustus: B: Ben- [ami,t; C: Carles; D: David; E: Edward; F: Wrederic; G: George; H: Henry; I: Isaac; : on; Karl; L: Louis; M: Mark; : Wicaolas; 0: Otto; P: Peter; R: gicaard; S: Namuel; T: Taomas; W: William. Tae initials at te end of eaca record, or note, are taose of lae recorder. Correclzbns of errors and notices of omissions are soliciled. Anderson, Joseph jr. Entom61ogical col- Chapin, S. F. Scale insects. (Ist rept. lections. (Entomologist, Dec. 1887, v. 20, Board state hortic, comm. Cal., 1882, p. p. 329-33o.) 65-88, i.) Discusses value of entomological collections, and Account of habits of several species of coccidae: especially the of setting specitnens. G: yD. (4564) consideration of various remedies used for scale-in. I3ayford, E.G. The hessian fly previously sects. G: Z). (457o) in Great Britain. (Entomologist, Dec. Cockerell, T. D.A. A code of varietal no- 188 7, v. 20, p. 327 .) menclature. (Entomologist, June 1887, v. Ootes notice of the hessian fly (cecidomyia 20, p. 15o-52.) destructor) by E Newman, dated Feb. 1876.
    [Show full text]
  • FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords
    FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords 29,958 entries as KEYWORD (PARENT) Descriptive phrase AB (CANADA) Alberta ABEESC (PLANTS) Abelmoschus esculentus, okra ABEGRA (PLANTS) Abelia × grandiflora [chinensis × uniflora], glossy abelia ABERT'S SQUIRREL (MAMMALS) Sciurus alberti ABERT'S TOWHEE (BIRDS) Pipilo aberti ABIABI (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella abietina, abietinella moss ABIALB (PLANTS) Abies alba, European silver fir ABIAMA (PLANTS) Abies amabilis, Pacific silver fir ABIBAL (PLANTS) Abies balsamea, balsam fir ABIBIF (PLANTS) Abies bifolia, subalpine fir ABIBRA (PLANTS) Abies bracteata, bristlecone fir ABICON (PLANTS) Abies concolor, white fir ABICONC (ABICON) Abies concolor var. concolor, white fir ABICONL (ABICON) Abies concolor var. lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIDUR (PLANTS) Abies durangensis, Coahuila fir ABIES SPP. (PLANTS) firs ABIETINELLA SPP. (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella spp., mosses ABIFIR (PLANTS) Abies firma, Japanese fir ABIFRA (PLANTS) Abies fraseri, Fraser fir ABIGRA (PLANTS) Abies grandis, grand fir ABIHOL (PLANTS) Abies holophylla, Manchurian fir ABIHOM (PLANTS) Abies homolepis, Nikko fir ABILAS (PLANTS) Abies lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILASA (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, corkbark fir ABILASB (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia, subalpine fir ABILASL (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILOW (PLANTS) Abies lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIMAG (PLANTS) Abies magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGM (ABIMAG) Abies magnifica var. magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGS (ABIMAG) Abies
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking List
    Tracked Taxa List: Current as of Invertebrates 2021-May-17 This list contains the tracked invertebrate animal taxa known by the Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre (SKCDC) to occur within Saskatchewan, as of the date provided above. If you notice any errors or omissions, please contact [email protected]. For more information about how the SKCDC generates these lists and what determines when a species is tracked by the SKCDC, visit: http://biodiversity.sk.ca/lists.htm Conservation ranks/status are provided for each species. For details on each, refer to the following resources: ◦ Subnational (S), National (N) and Global (G) Ranks: www.biodiversity.sk.ca/ranking.htm ◦ Government of Saskatchewan Wild Species at Risk Regulations: https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/1609 ◦ COSEWIC: https://www.cosewic.ca/index.php ◦ SARA; Government of Canada Species at Risk public registry: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry.html SYNONYMS: This list is being provided by the SKCDC as a tool to facilitate users in determining the current, accepted taxonomy. If a name is currently out of use in Saskatchewan, it’s current synonym is provided, indented in the line below the accepted name. In this row, we are unable to distinguish between true synonyms and misapplied names used as synonyms. For example, Cryptantha fendleri is an accepted name for a vascular plant that is currently found in Saskatchewan. This name, however, has also been misapplied to both Cryptantha kelseyana and Cryptantha minima in the past. Therefore, it appears as a synonym to those two species.
    [Show full text]
  • SB003 1888 Observations on Two Insect Pests
    EXPERIMENT STATION KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE MANHATTAN, KANSAS BULLETIN NO. 3 JUNE, 1888 OBSERVATIONS ON TWO INSECT PESTS By E. A. POPENOE, Entomologist BY ORDER OF THE COUNCIL: E. M. SHELTON, Director MANHATTAN, KANSAS PRINTING DEPARTMENT, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 1888 Historical Document Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station THE APPLE TREE FLEA BEETLE. 205 The eggs, one twenty-fourth of an inch in length, red in color, are found singly upon the midrib of the leaf upon its under side, set, like an acorn in its cup, in a brownish excrementitious mass, as shown in Fig. 1, Plate I. The natural size is indicated ap- proximately in the outline figure connected by a dotted line at the left. The larvae, when full grown, measure about one-fourth of an inch in length, are short, curved, six-footed grubs, of a general pale yellowish color, with the head, legs, shield on first segment and space above the bases of second and third pairs of legs dark brown or blackish, polished; the body is sparsely hairy, more especially upon the anterior portion. The larva is a case bearer, and carries about with it from the time of hatching a thick, blunt, white-downy protecting case constructed of its own castings, and covered apparently with the tomentum from the under surface of the sycamore leaf. The case is from time to time enlarged to suit the needs of the growing larva, and when the latter is mature, its case, now about one-quarter of an inch in length, serves further, when glued mouth downward upon some smooth surface, as a protection for the insect during its helpless pupal existence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Community Composition of Bark and Wood Boring Beetles in Woodland and Endangered Midwestern Oak Savanna Habitats
    Olivet Nazarene University Digital Commons @ Olivet Pence-Boyce STEM Student Scholarship Summer 2019 The Community Composition of Bark and Wood Boring Beetles in Woodland and Endangered Midwestern Oak Savanna Habitats Tanner Senti Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/pence_boyce Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Senti, Tanner, "The Community Composition of Bark and Wood Boring Beetles in Woodland and Endangered Midwestern Oak Savanna Habitats" (2019). Pence-Boyce STEM Student Scholarship. 8. https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/pence_boyce/8 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Olivet. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pence-Boyce STEM Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Olivet. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Community Composition of Bark and Wood Boring Beetles in Woodland and Endangered Midwestern Oak Savanna Habitats Research funded by the Elbert Pence and Fanny Boyce Undergraduate Summer Research Experience October 25, 2019 Student: Tanner Senti Advisor: Derek W. Rosenberger, Ph.D. Community Composition of Bark and Wood Boring Beetles in the Midwest 2 Abstract The economic and ecological significance of many exotic and native outbreaking species of Scolytine beetles is well understood, however much less is known of most other native Scolytine and woodboring beetles, particularly in the American Midwest. Further, very few studies have focused on oak ecosystems, particularly endangered oak savannas. To investigate the woodboring beetle communities of Midwestern oak savannas we selected a high-quality remnant black oak savanna and adjacent woodland site in Northeastern Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Bostrichidae Auct. at Suprageneric Levels (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 101 Autor(en)/Author(s): Liu Lan-Yu, Schönitzer Klaus Artikel/Article: Phylogenetic analysis of the family Bostrichidae auct. at suprageneric levels (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). 99-132 © Münchner Ent. Ges., download www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 101 99-132 München, 15.10.2011 ISSN 0340-4943 Phylogenetic analysis of the family Bostrichidae auct. at suprageneric levels (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Lan Yu LIU and Klaus SCHÖNITZER Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of the beetle family Bostrichidae auct. was conducted based on 122 adult morpho- logical characters (96 multistate) of 31 genera and species, including at least one genus and species from every currently accepted subfamily and tribe of Bostrichidae, and four outgroup taxa, two genera and species each of Anobiidae and Dermestidae. The most-parsimonius hypothesis suggests a distinctly different classification from those of previous workers on the family. The Lyctinae is divided into three tribes: Lyctini BILLBERG, 1820, Trogoxylini LESNE, 1921 sensu novo and Cephalotomini LIU, 2011 tribus novus. The Bostrichinae is divided further into four tribes: Bostrichini LATREILLE, 1802 sensu novo, Apatini JACQUELIN DU VAL, 1861 sensu novo, Sinoxylini LESNE, 1899 sensu novo and Xyloperthini LESNE, 1921. This is the first phylogenetic study at suprageneric level of Bostrichidae auct.. Because there are no previous phylo- genetic studies for comparison, we discuss the most-parsimonious hypothesis in relation to morphological and biological information as well as the phylogenetic analysis. Introduction The Bostrichidae auctorum form one of four or five families included in the superfamily Bostrichoidea (LAWRENCE & NEWTON 1995; IVIE 2002; BOROWSKI & WÊGRZYNOWICZ 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of Life and Entomologic Work of Joseph Albert Lintner
    €iitndl IKniwmtg pttatg THE GIFT OF ?^A^. 4>P2^-7.i>- Jj/j/lp Digitized by Microsoft® The date shows when this voltune was taken. M To renew ttis book ijopy the call No. anii^ve to the librarian ,'". HOME USE RULES, if' '«; V,^ j^ *" ""^ _ _ _^ g^ I All Books subject to Recall MAK""*?*^t4' All books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. Students must re- turn all books befpre leaving toVn. Officers should airange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Books tieeded by more than 'one person are held on the reserve list. Volumes of \periodi- cals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. ; For special purposes they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the bene- fit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. , , Readers a^ asked to report all cases of books marked 'or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks writing. and , Cornell University Library Z8511 .F32 3 1924 032 321 113 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® University of the State of New York .
    [Show full text]
  • Grape IPM Guide for Minnesota Producers
    GGRRAAPPEE IIPPMM GGUUIIDDEE FFOORR MMIINNNNEESSOOTTAA PPRROODDUUCCEERRSS Emily Hoover1, Suzanne Wold-Burkness2, Joy Hilton1, Dimitre Mollov3, Eric Burkness2, Tederson Galvan2, Peter Hemstad1, & W.D. Hutchison2 1 DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 2 DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY 3 PLANT DISEASE CLINIC, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ……..……………………….……………………...…………….1 DISEASES OF GRAPES Anthracnose .......…..…………………….……………………………………2 Black Rot .......…..…………………….……………………………………5 Bunch Rot ....………….....……………………………………………...…..8 Downy Mildew ....………….....……………………………………………...…12 Eutypa Dieback ………...……………..…………………………………………15 Phomopsis Cane & Leaf Spot ………...……………..…………………………………………17 Powdery Mildew ………...……………..…………………………………………20 Sour Rot ………...……………..…………………………………………23 Bitter Rot ….…………………….……………………………...…………24 Crown Gall ….…………………….……………………………...…………25 Fanleaf Degeneration ….…………………….……………………………...…………26 Tomato/Tobacco Ringspot Virus Decline ….…………………….……………………………...…………27 INSECT PESTS OF GRAPES Grape Berry Moth ….…………………….……………………………...…………28 Grape Flea Beetle ….…………………….……………………………...…………32 Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle ….…………………….……………………………...…………35 Yellowjackets ….…………………….……………………………...…………39 Grape Phylloxera ….…………………….……………………………...…………41 Japanese Beetle ….…………………….……………………………...…………44 Leafhoppers ….…………………….……………………………...…………46 Apple Twig Borer ….…………………….……………………………...…………48 Eightspotted Forester ….…………………….……………………………...…………50 Hornworms ….…………………….……………………………...…………51 Bumble Flower
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 1007.Indd
    The Connecticut Agricultural Grapevine Experiment Cultivation in Station, Connecticut New Haven BY WILLIAM R. NAIL Bulletin 1007 May 2007 Grapevine Cultivation in Connecticut By William R. Nail INTRODUCTION Grapes have been grown in Connecticut for centuries. Connecticut, and will be useful for both aspiring Three grapevines adorn the state seal, and one of the commercial growers and those who desire just a few most widely grown grapes in the country, Concord, vines for home use. Although the information in this was developed in nearby Concord, MA in 1849. publication is tailored for Connecticut conditions, most European immigrants frequently tended home plantings of the information is applicable to surrounding states- for personal wine making. Wide-scale commercial New York, Massachusetts and Rhode Island- as well. cultivation in Connecticut is relatively new, however. Increasing interest in wine in the 1970’s resulted in The guide begins with a general discussion of things expansion of the existing industry in New York, and to be considered prior to planting. These include spread to other nearby areas, including New England. variety selection of cultivars suitable for Connecticut, The passage of the Connecticut Farm Winery Act in costs of operating a commercial vineyard, and site 1978 made it possible for wineries to produce and market selection. This is followed by a section on vineyard their product. Tourism has greatly helped increase the establishment, which discusses how to design, plant, growth of the industry. There has also been increased and maintain a young vineyard prior to coming into interest in home wine making. New varieties of grapes production.
    [Show full text]