F Department Oe the Mteeioe US Geological

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

F Department Oe the Mteeioe US Geological f ‘ E T — DEPARTMENT O HE mTEEIOE U . s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY C H A R L ES l) GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS O F T $ E MININGD ICT J RS NC NTY MONTANA ISTR . EFFE O QU , ’ NV A L T E IR I—I A R V E X \V E H U ‘ V IT H A N A P P E N D IX O N THE MICROSCOPICAL PETROGIH PHY OF THE DISTRH‘ T ’ J O S F J I H 1 3 1 \ l { I i I CL L EX R A C F R O M T H E WEN Y -S EC O N D A N N UA L R E PO R O F T H E S U R V E Y 1900- 1901 T T T T T . PA R T II—O R E pE PO S IT s W A S H I N G T O N G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E 1 9 0 2 GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS OF THE ELKHORN MINING D C J F F N UN Y MON ANA ISTRI T , E ERSO CO T , T W A L T E R H A R V E Y W E E D WIT H AN APPENDIX ON THE MICROSCOPICAL PETROGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT J O S E P H B A R R E L L C N N O T E T S . h a r Introd u tion C pte I . c F ield work and acknowl edgm ents G eographic pos ition h t r II G n r eo i eatur f h C ap e . e e al g log c f es o t e district and its relation to th e sur rounding region a t r III I n rock f th i C h p e . g eous s o e d strict G ranitic rocks G ranite (quartz-m onzonite ) D efinition Exte nt and character of surface D escription C hem ical com position A plite-granite D efi nition C h em ical com position O ccurrence D iorite D escription E xtent and area covered Q uartz-diorite-porphyry D efinition E xtent and character of surface A ndesitic rocks Extent and character of surface D escription IVeathering D iorite-porphyry r D escri tion of th e se dim entar rocks C hapte IV . p y A lgonkian rock s Turnley hornsto nes ( Spokane shale?) C am brian rocks A lpreston quartzites ( F lathead quartzites) Starm ount lim es tones H obo G ulch lim e-shale 22 G E O L PT 2— 01 26 , 402 C O N T E N TS . — r IV D tion of th e sedim entar rock ontinued . C hapte . escrip y s C — C ambrian rocks C ontinued . C em etery lim es tone Elkh orn h ornstone Siluro-D evonian rocks U nion shale M adison lim estone Q uadrant form ation C row R idge series r ation f ro k m C hapte V . R el s o c asses Sedim entary foundation of th e district G abbro stock of Black Butte D iorite stock of C em ete ry R idge D iorite -porphyry laccolith of Q ueen G ulch Turn ley R idge quartz-diorite-porphyry stock A ndesite m asses of E kh orn Peak ueen C re ek and Elkh om G u c l , Q , l h A ndesite M arble cliffs G ranite batholith G laciation V nera c of rm m m i f k f th C hapter I. G e l effe ts the al eta orph sm o the roc s o e district A rg illaceous rocks C alcareous rocks F um arolic alte ration M in ra s of th e o de o its of th distri t C hapter V II . e l re p s e c O re m inerals G alena ( sulphide of lead ) Bournonite T tr ed ri e r co r or antim onia u i f r e a t a e e s de o co e . h (g y pp , l lph pp ) Pyrite ( iron sulphide ) Tetradym ite ( sulphide and telluride of bis m uth ) Bism uthite ( sulphide of bism uth ) Blends s a erite zinc su ide ( ph l , lph ) C alam ine ( hydrated silicate of zinc) C erussite (lead carbonate ) L inarite ( hydrated sulphate of lead and copper) C halcopyrite G old Sil ver P ro us ite b ack ox ide of man anese y l ( l g ) 0 A zurite ( blue carbonate of copper) M alachite (green carbonite of coppe r) H em atite and m agnetite Lim onite (bro wn hematite ) D escloizite ( vanadinite of l ead and zinc) A urichalcite ( bas ic carbonate of z inc and Oopper) P rr otite m a netic rite iron su hide y h ( g py , lp ) G angue m inerals Q uartz (crystalline silica) wa n ] C O N T E N T S . 403 f — th re de sits o th d i n n . C hapter VII. M inerals of e o po e istr ct C o ti ued n u m — i Ga g e inerals C ont nued . C alcite (lim e carbonate ) D olom ite ( carbonate of lim e and magnesia ) G arnet ( variety grou ularite ) Diopside (lim e-m agnesian pyroxene) Serpentine ( hydrated silicate of magnesia) A x inite ( boro-silicate of alum inum with varying am ounts of iron nd m an a s a g ne e ) . Tourm a ine bas ic or subsiicate of boron a um ina otas im e l ( l , l , p h , l , m agnesia ) E idote ort osiicate of im e a um ina and iron p ( h l l , l , ) Wollastonite ( silicate of lim e ) M icrocline Th E k m in C hapte r V III . e l h orn e H isto ry of the pro perty G eneral features of the ore deposit Topographic relations G eological relations O utcrop H anging-wall h om stone F oot-wall dolomite Th e ores G eneral characte r Value Mine workings O re shoots and cham bers G eneral characters M ain ore s hoots F orm s of th e ore shoot Peculiarities of th e hanging wall N orth ore shoot South ore shoot Interm ediate ore bodies G eneral characte r of th e ore of the m ain ore sh oots Isolate d ore bodies in th e dolom ite or foot-wall lead cham bers O ccurre nce F illing D escription of a foot-wall ore body N ature of the ore deposit Structural relations of th e ore shoots O re shoo ts constitute saddle depos its A lteration of country rock M ode of form ation of ores O rigin by replacem ent E vidence of re placem ent sh own by thin sections of the ore Source of th e m etallic contents of th e once Secondary sulphide en richm ent Age of th e ore depos it r I N ot s on o r m in of th e di trict C hapte X . e the es s in C . and D . m e Keene m ine 404 com . — Notes on the oth er m ines of th e district C ontinued. C hapter IX . U nion mine Dolcoath m ine R elief m ine H omestake and D unsto ne m ines n r L axenbur and M ountain iew M o te C ist o, g, V J acquem in m ines E lkhorn Q ueen F uture of th e district i tr ra b J ose Barre ] A endix . M icrosco ca e o pp p l p g phy , y ph l Introduction U naltered igneous rocks R ocks of th e Ce m ete ry R idge sto ck D ifferentiation in place A ndesites E lkhorn M ountain intrus iv e andes ites E k orn M ountain lavas breccias and tufts l h , , Turnley G ulch andesites Diorite-porphyry laccolith T urnley R idge stock Batholith at Elkhorn V ariations in com position Elkhorn M ountain aplite A plite stock A plite dikes north of Black B utte A plite dikes south west of Black Butte C ontact dikes of aplite in T um ley G ulch Segregations of to urmaline Alte red sedim entary ( contact-m etam orphic) rocks U se of nam es Pure quartzite s Q uartzitic Lim e-silicate group O rder of crystallization of th e lim e-al um ina-silieate group O ccurrence of m inerals M arbles L L U A N I S T R T I O S . T r hic m a of th e E k orn district P L A TE XL II . opog ap p l h Th E kh orn m ine and m i XLIII. e l ll I Taiin s dam s of th e E k orn m ine XL V . l g l h V G i m a of th e E k orn district s owin area distribu L . o c X eol g p l h , h g l V I T ica ranite area at ead of T urn e C reek sh owm bow ders XL .
Recommended publications
  • Deposition and Diagenesis of the Mississippian Lodgepole Formation, Central Montana
    RICE UNIVERSITY DEPOSITION AND DIAGENESIS OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN LODGEPOLE FORMATION, CENTRAL MONTANA by Susan E. jenks A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts Thesis Director's signature Houston, Texas May, 1972 3 1272 00197 2320 Deposition and Diagenesis of the Hississippian Lodgepole Formation, Central Montana Susan Jenks ABSTRACT The lower Mississippian Lodgepole Formation is exposed in central Montana in the anticlines which form the Big Snowy and Little Belt Mountains. Four sections averaging 130 feet in length were measured at the base of the Woodhurst Limestone, the uppermost member of the Lodge¬ pole. Three of the sections were located in the vestern end of the Big Snowy Mountains. These were composed of two major bioclastic and ooid grainstone units, and a succession of mudstones, wackestones, packstones and argillaceous dolomites and pellet grainstones and pelleted mudstones. Field, faunal, and petrographic evidence indicate these rocks were deposited in very shallow water, the grainstones in the form of carbonate sand shoals, the remaining rock types in a broad lagoon behind the shoals. One section was measured 70 miles to the west in the Little Belt moun¬ tains. Rocks here consist of crinoid grainstones and packstones, skeletal and ooid grainstones, mudstones, bryozoan packstones and wackestones, and calcareous shales. Evidence suggests these rocks formed down paleoslope from those in the Big Snowys, some of the sediments being deposited in deeper water in a normal marine shelf environment. A number of diagenetic processes affected the sediments after deposition. Morphology and distribution of cements and evidence of tim¬ ing relative to other diagenetic events indicate cementation of the carbonate sands took place in the intertidal or shallow subtidal environment soon after deposition.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-2021 Catalog
    COLLEGE OF THE SEQUOIAS | CATALOG 2 0 2 0 - 2 0 2 1 Skill Certificate in Agriculture Power Equipment Technician TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 151 Skill Certificate in Irrigation Construction and Installation ..... 152 2020-2021 Catalog ..................................................................................... 6 Skill Certificate in Irrigation Management ............................... 153 About College of the Sequoias .................................................................. 7 Agriculture ........................................................................................ 154 Administration and Faculty ................................................................. 9 American Sign Language ................................................................ 156 Board of Trustees .............................................................................. 20 Associate of Arts in American Sign Language (AA) ................ 157 College Facilities ................................................................................ 22 Animal Science ................................................................................ 158 Academic Calendar ................................................................................... 25 Associate in Science in Animal Science for Transfer (AS-T) Steps to Enroll and Register .................................................................... 27 ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Bakken and Lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota Timothy P
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1986 Conodont biostratigraphy of the Bakken and lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota Timothy P. Huber University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Huber, Timothy P., "Conodont biostratigraphy of the Bakken and lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota" (1986). Theses and Dissertations. 145. https://commons.und.edu/theses/145 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BAKKEN AND LOWER LODGEPOLE FORMATIONS (DEVONIAN AND MISSISSIPPIAN), WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA by Timothy P, Huber Bachelor of Arts, University of Minnesota - Morris, 1983 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota December 1986 This thesis submitted by Timothy P. Huber in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done, and is hereby approved. This thesis meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.1 ANOTHER LOOK at the SIERRA WAVE PROJECT: 50 YEARS LATER Vanda Grubišic and John Lewis Desert Research Institute, Reno, Neva
    2.1 ANOTHER LOOK AT THE SIERRA WAVE PROJECT: 50 YEARS LATER Vanda Grubiˇsi´c∗ and John Lewis Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 1. INTRODUCTION aerodynamically-minded Germans found a way to contribute to this field—via the development ofthe In early 20th century, the sport ofmanned bal- glider or sailplane. In the pre-WWI period, glid- loon racing merged with meteorology to explore ers were biplanes whose two wings were held to- the circulation around mid-latitude weather systems gether by struts. But in the early 1920s, Wolfgang (Meisinger 1924; Lewis 1995). The information Klemperer designed and built a cantilever mono- gained was meager, but the consequences grave— plane glider that removed the outside rigging and the death oftwo aeronauts, LeRoy Meisinger and used “...the Junkers principle ofa wing with inter- James Neeley. Their balloon was struck by light- nal bracing” (von Karm´an 1967, p. 98). Theodore ening in a nighttime thunderstorm over central Illi- von Karm´an gives a vivid and lively account of nois in 1924 (Lewis and Moore 1995). After this the technical accomplishments ofthese aerodynam- event, the U.S. Weather Bureau halted studies that icists, many ofthem university students, during the involved manned balloons. The justification for the 1920s and 1930s (von Karm´an 1967). use ofthe freeballoon was its natural tendency Since gliders are non-powered craft, a consider- to move as an air parcel and thereby afford a La- able skill and familiarity with local air currents is grangian view ofthe phenomenon. Just afterthe required to fly them. In his reminiscences, Heinz turn ofmid-20th century, another meteorological ex- Lettau also makes mention ofthe influence that periment, equally dangerous, was accomplished in experiences with these motorless craft, in his case the lee ofthe Sierra Nevada.
    [Show full text]
  • Days & Hours for Social Distance Walking Visitor Guidelines Lynden
    53 22 D 4 21 8 48 9 38 NORTH 41 3 C 33 34 E 32 46 47 24 45 26 28 14 52 37 12 25 11 19 7 36 20 10 35 2 PARKING 40 39 50 6 5 51 15 17 27 1 44 13 30 18 G 29 16 43 23 PARKING F GARDEN 31 EXIT ENTRANCE BROWN DEER ROAD Lynden Sculpture Garden Visitor Guidelines NO CLIMBING ON SCULPTURE 2145 W. Brown Deer Rd. Do not climb on the sculptures. They are works of art, just as you would find in an indoor art Milwaukee, WI 53217 museum, and are subject to the same issues of deterioration – and they endure the vagaries of our harsh climate. Many of the works have already spent nearly half a century outdoors 414-446-8794 and are quite fragile. Please be gentle with our art. LAKES & POND There is no wading, swimming or fishing allowed in the lakes or pond. Please do not throw For virtual tours of the anything into these bodies of water. VEGETATION & WILDLIFE sculpture collection and Please do not pick our flowers, fruits, or grasses, or climb the trees. We want every visitor to be able to enjoy the same views you have experienced. Protect our wildlife: do not feed, temporary installations, chase or touch fish, ducks, geese, frogs, turtles or other wildlife. visit: lynden.tours WEATHER All visitors must come inside immediately if there is any sign of lightning. PETS Pets are not allowed in the Lynden Sculpture Garden except on designated dog days.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2007 Arrowhead NL
    Arrowhead • Summer 2007 1 Arrowhead Summer 2007 • Vol. 14 • No. 3 The Newsletter of the Employees & Alumni Association of the National Park Service Published By Eastern National FROM THE DIRECTOR Secretary Kempthorne Presents a Vision s the end of for the Future of Our National Parks Asummer draws another peak visi- tor season to a The National Park Service will: close, I thank each • lead America in preserving and restor- and every one of ing treasured resources; the National Park • demonstrate environmental leadership; Service team for • offer superior recreational experiences; your service to our • foster exceptional learning opportuni- visitors and the resources entrusted to us. It is not always easy—fires, ties that connect people to parks; and storms and other challenges keep • be managed with excellence. us all busy—but we are truly privi- Performance goals will guide our achieve- leged to work in such special ment. By 2016, the National Park Service places! plans to: This summer was not all joyful as • improve priority facilities to acceptable I spent a weekend in Texas attend- condition; ing the memorial service and • restore native habitats by controlling funeral of Lady Bird Johnson. With invasive species, and reintroducing key her passing, we lost a great cham- plant and animal species; pion who loved the parks and the • improve natural resources in parks as Park Service. measured by scientific vital signs mon- NPS photo by Rick Lewis I was so proud of the park staff, itoring; partners and volunteers. With quiet SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR DIRK KEMPTHORNE unveils details of “The Future of • reduce environmental impacts of park efficiency and professionalism, America’s National Parks,” a report to President Bush, at a rooftop press conference at the operations; they created a meaningful tribute Interior building on May 31, while NPS Director Mary Bomar looks on.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – Review of the New World And
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysCalosota 55: 1–75 Curtis(2010) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.55.490 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America Gary A.P. Gibson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, K. W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:77CCFFBE-EBD1-4CC7-ADEC-F8BCD6CF9109 Corresponding author: Gary A.P. Gibson ([email protected]) Academic editor: Norman Johnson | Received 28 May 2010 | Accepted 13 July 2010 | Published 10 September 2010 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C3878DA-B92D-445F-AE41-379ED792F65D Citation: Gibson GAP (2010) Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America. ZooKeys 55: 1–75. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.55.490 Abstract Two of three species previously classifi ed in Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from the Neo- tropical region are transferred to Eupelminae. Calosota eneubulus (Walker) from Galapagos Islands is transferred to Eupelmus Dalman as E. (Eupelmus) eneubulus (Walker), comb. n., and Calosota silvai (Brèthes) from Chile is transferred to Brasema Cameron as Brasema silvai comb. n. Calosota cecidobius (Ki- eff er) from Argentina is retained in Calosota, with reservation, as an unrecognized species. Th e species of Calosota from the New World excluding South America are revised.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnology of the Blackfeet. INSTITUTION Browning School District 9, Mont
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 060 971 RC 005 944 AUTHOR McLaughlin, G. R., Comp. TITLE Ethnology of the Blackfeet. INSTITUTION Browning School DiStrict 9, Mont. PUB DATE [7 NOTE 341p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$13-16 DESCRIPTORS *American Indians; Anthologies; Anthropology; *Cultural Background; *Ethnic Studies; Ethnolcg ; *High School Students; History; *Instructional Materials; Mythology; Religion; Reservations (Indian); Sociology; Values IDENTIFIERS *Blackfeet ABSTRACT Compiled for use in Indian history courses at the high-school level, this document contains sections on thehistory, culture, religion, and myths and legends of theBlackfeet. A guide to the spoken Blackfeftt Indian language andexamples of the language with English translations are also provided, asis information on sign language and picture writing. The constitutionand by-laws for the Blackfeet Tribe, a glossary of terms, and abibliography of books, films, tapes, and maps are also included. (IS) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU CATION POSITION OR POLICY le TABLE OF CONTBTTS Introductio Acknowledgement-- Cover Page -- Pronunciation of Indian Names Chapter I - History A Generalized View The Early Hunters 7 8 The Foragers The Late Hunters - -------- ----- Culture of the Late Hunters - - - - ---------- --- ---- ---9 The plains Tribes -- ---- - ---- ------11 The BlaLkfeet
    [Show full text]
  • Nr 222 Native Tree, Shrub, & Herbaceous Plant
    NR 222 NATIVE TREE, SHRUB, & HERBACEOUS PLANT IDENTIFICATION BY RONALD L. ALVES FALL 2014 NR 222 by Ronald L. Alves Note to Students NOTE TO STUDENTS: THIS DOCUMENT IS INCOMPLETE WITH OMISSIONS, ERRORS, AND OTHER ITEMS OF INCOMPETANCY. AS YOU MAKE USE OF IT NOTE THESE TRANSGRESSIONS SO THAT THEY MAY BE CORRECTED AND YOU WILL RECEIVE A CLEAN COPY BY THE END OF TIME OR THE SEMESTER, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST!! THANKING YOU FOR ANY ASSISTANCE THAT YOU MAY GIVE, RON ALVES. Introduction This manual was initially created by Harold Whaley an MJC Agriculture and Natural Resources instruction from 1964 – 1992. The manual was designed as a resource for a native tree and shrub identification course, Natural Resources 222 that was one of the required courses for all forestry and natural resource majors at the college. The course and the supporting manual were aimed almost exclusively for forestry and related majors. In addition to NR 222 being taught by professor Whaley, it has also been taught by Homer Bowen (MJC 19xx -), Marlies Boyd (MJC 199X – present), Richard Nimphius (MJC 1980 – 2006) and currently Ron Alves (MJC 1974 – 2004). Each instructor put their own particular emphasis and style on the course but it was always oriented toward forestry students until 2006. The lack of forestry majors as a result of the Agriculture Department not having a full time forestry instructor to recruit students and articulate with industry has resulted in a transformation of the NR 222 course. The clientele not only includes forestry major, but also landscape designers, environmental horticulture majors, nursery people, environmental science majors, and people interested in transforming their home and business landscapes to a more natural venue.
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Mazama and Crater Lake: a Study of the Botanical and Human Responses to a Geologic Event
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robyn A. Green for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies in Geology. Botany and Plant Pathology. and Anthropology presented on June 3. 1998. Title: Mount Mazama and Crater Lake: A Study of the Botanical and Human Responses to a Geologic Event Abstract approved: / Robert J. Lillie Crater Lake, located in the southern Cascade mountains of Oregon, is the seventh deepest lake in the world. Unlike a majority of the deepest lakes in the world, found in continental rift valleys, Crater Lake is in the caldera of a volcano. For the young at heart and mind, those willing to descend (and ascend) about 700 feet to Cleetwood Cove can undertake a boat tour of Crater Lake. From the boat, Crater Lake is more than just a beautiful blue lake; it becomes the inside of a volcano, where the response of people and plants to a geologic event can be investigated. The catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama 7,700 years ago affected both plant and human populations. Before pumice and ash from the volcano blanketed the landscape like freshly fallen snow, the forests to the east of Mount Mazama were dominated by ponderosa and lodgepole pine. Within the immediate vicinity of the volcano all life was obliterated; the force of the eruptive material toppled vegetation and buried it with ash and pumice. Through the recovery process of succession, life has slowly returned to Crater Lake. Forests surrounding the lake are now dominated by mountain hemlock, whitebark pine, and lodgepole pine. These plants not only depict the process of succession, but also of adaptation to a volcanic environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan
    DRAFT REPORT Meeks Meadow Restoration and Management Plan for U.S. Forest Service December 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview......................................................................................................1 1.2 Management Context...................................................................................1 1.3 Restoration & Management Elements .........................................................2 2.0 Setting and History ................................................................................................4 2.1 Setting ..........................................................................................................4 2.2 Land Use History .........................................................................................4 2.2.1 Pre-1850...........................................................................................4 2.2.2 1850 to Present.................................................................................5 3.0 Existing Conditions..............................................................................................10 3.1 Climate.......................................................................................................10 3.2 Geology and Geomorphology....................................................................10 3.2.1 Meeks Meadow..............................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Subsurface Horizontal Microfracture Propagation Within the Middle Member of the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota: Evidence and Implications
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2011 Subsurface horizontal microfracture propagation within the middle member of the Bakken Formation, Williston basin, North Dakota: Evidence and implications Travis Blackburn Warner West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Warner, Travis Blackburn, "Subsurface horizontal microfracture propagation within the middle member of the Bakken Formation, Williston basin, North Dakota: Evidence and implications" (2011). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3442. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3442 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Subsurface horizontal microfracture propagation within the middle member of the Bakken Formation, Williston basin, North Dakota: Evidence and implications Travis Blackburn Warner Thesis submitted to the Eberly College of Arts & Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology Richard Smosna, Ph.D., Chair Kathy Bruner, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]