Bringing Them Home

2 CONTENTS

3 ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

4 PREFACE

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

8 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS

10 1.0 INTRODUCTION

12 2.0 BACKGROUND

2.1 The Stolen Generations

2.2 Bringing them home

14 2.3 The National Sorry Day Committee

2.4 The Stolen Generations Working Partnership

15 2.5 The Scorecards

2.6 Why this report now?

16 3.0 BRINGING THEM HOME – THEN AND NOW

3.1 The Inquiry – 1995-1997

17 3.2 The Report – 1997

3.3 Implementation – 1997-2014

19 3.3.1 The first 10 years (1997-2007)

3.3.2 Now (2008-2014)

3.4 Results

3.4.1 Bringing then home Summative Checklist

3.4.2 Factors affecting results

28 4.0 CONTINUING CONCERNS

34 5.0 SUGGESTED WAYS FORWARD

5.1 Urgency

5.2 Principles and approaches

5.3 Service system issues

6.0 CONCLUSION

41 REFERENCES

42 43

45 Appendix A BTH Summative Checklist:

This checklist uses the 54 recommendations from the Bringing the home (BTH) Report, 1997, and provides information about progress to date in implementing the recommendations. This checklist is not exhaustive, it is summative and describes what is known to date given the information that the NSDC has been able to gather, generally about activity at the national level. By using the word summative it is implied that there is some evaluation of progress marked at a particular point in time. The evaluation of progress needs to continue.

The checklist below could be developed further and the purpose is to encourage discussion and further assessment of progress. A Likert-type scale of five possible category responses has been used. Whilst there is some subjectivity in applying a score, the point of scoring progress is to note that there is something which is observable in terms of progress, even if what is being observed is in fact no progress. The five categories are used to demonstrate that for some recommendations it is clear that there has been no progress – hence the ‘fail’ is used. When it can be said that a recommendation has been achieved or the intention of the recommendation is met the word ‘pass’ is used. The three categories in between are a qualitative statement about achievement for that particular recommendation. The five categories being used for this exercise are - fail, partial fail, working towards, qualified pass and pass.

The intention of using this approach is to make a clear signal about areas that require further work and investigation. Developing this checklist is a generative activity, meant to encourage discussion and response but particularly it is meant to bring attention to clear gaps in meeting the recommendations of BTH. There are still many evident and clear gaps, that is, where no progress has been made.

In 2007 it was noted that less than two-thirds of the BTH recommendations had been partially implemented (see Moran 2007 http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUIndigLawRw/2008/3.html) Using the currently methodology and scored assessment provides evidence that, in fact, since 2007 there has been some progress but not enough. Recorded recently on, Awaken: First Response, Kirstie Parker, Co-Chair of the National Congress of Australia’s First Peoples noted that “Inconsistent” government policy responses have been one of the most significant problems in responding to the needs of the Stolen Generations and other Indigenous needs (http://www.nitv.org.au/fx-program.cfm?pid=EB8289DC-F018- A3F2-9D840F2E9F8AD989).

Certainly the checklist below, which notes the recent withdrawal of funding for many organisations which are key to providing a structural response to meeting the needs of Stolen Generations and their descendants, demonstrates a significant level of inconsistent policy response. It suggests, that since 2007 there have been backward steps in meeting the recommendations of BTH.

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Recommendation Progress Score

A summary of the Data and information gathered by the NSDC during 2014 through consultation Likert-style recommendation and and research is included in this column. To gather detailed information in rating scale is numbers are provided in some areas would require an assessment of activities within Commonwealth, applied in this this column State and Territory government departments. In 2014 this information has not column been systematically been made available

1. Recording In 1997, federal government funds were committed for a QUALIFIED Testimonies national Bringing Them Home oral history project. Hosted by the PASS National Library of Australia, close to 200 recordings were That the Council of completed over the next 5 years until 2002. A further tranche of Australian funds was provided by the Department of Families, Housing, Governments ensure Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) after the the adequate funding Apology, to finalise the project in 2010. NB: Not all recordings are of appropriate in the public domain http://www.nla.gov.au/digicoll/bringing- Indigenous agencies them-home-online.html to record, preserve and administer access In 2012, the Stolen Generations’ Testimonies Foundation to the testimonies of launched http://www.stolengenerationstestimonies.com/ a Indigenous people series of audio visual recording of Stolen Generations telling their affected by the stories. forcible removal An initiative of a philanthropic partnership initiated by Rio Tinto policies who wish to Aboriginal Foundation, it demonstrates the continuing desire of provide their histories Stolen Generations to have their stories recorded and heard. in audio, audio-visual Whether this project’s success is due to adequate funding from or written form. Australian Governments is questionable as the Foundation relies on generating its own sources of income. As well as receiving support from FaHCSIA, it is supported by private sources: Accor Hotel Chain, the Hunt Foundation and Rio Tinto Aboriginal Foundation. Sustainability of the Testimonies project needs to be ensured. 2. Procedure for Implementation 2a. That the Council of Never actioned. Although potentially the SGWP could have FAIL Australian evolved towards requesting and receiving such audit reports; this

Governments was not in its original terms of reference. establish a working party to develop a process for the implementation of the

Inquiry’s recommendations and to receive and respond to annual audit reports on the progress of implementation.

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2b. That the Never actioned. Indeed funding support to HREOC is now so FAIL Commonwealth fund limited that the Commission is not likely to ever reprint the the establishment of a original BTH Inquiry Report. National Inquiry audit unit in the Human Rights and Equal

Opportunity Commission to monitor the

Implementation of the Inquiry’s recommendations and report annually to the Council of

Australian

Governments on the progress of implementation of the recommendations.

2c. That ATSIC fund The Electoral representative body ATSIC was dissolved in June FAIL the following peak 2005. In 2014 Budget the Abbott government, reneged on a

Indigenous previous budget commitment of $15 million for the National organisations to Congress of Australia’s First Peoples. The Abbott government during 2014 announced plans to cut over $40m from legal research, prepare and provide an annual assistance services including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander submission to the Legal Services (ATSILS), Family Violence Prevention Legal National Inquiry audit Services, Community Legal Centres (CLCs), the National unit evaluating the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services and Legal Aid progress of Commissions. This is a decision contrary to the Productivity implementation of the Commission’s Access to Justice Arrangements Report of 2014, Inquiry’s which argues against the funding cuts announced by the recommendations: Commonwealth Government. Rather the Productivity Secretariat of National Commission calls for an annual injection of $200m to the legal and Islander Child assistance sector. It is further anticipated that across Australia all

Care (SNAICC), Stolen Aboriginal legal services will have all policy officer positions cut Generations National and that future funding agreements will prohibit advocating publicly about issues affecting their people Secretariat, National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health

Organisation (NACCHO) and

National Aboriginal and Islander Legal Services Secretariat (NAILSS).

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2d. That COAG has never completed an audit of the BTH Inquiry’s FAIL Commonwealth, State recommendations. and Territory Even though the peak bodies NSGA and NSDC were not Governments mentioned in BTH, these two organisations have had a undertake to provide ‘watchdog’ role in relation to progress of BTH. The SGWP was a fully detailed and recent attempt to systematically gather information from the complete information Commonwealth government; no such arrangements were ever to the National put into place at a state level. Currently Commonwealth support Inquiry audit unit for continuation of partnership activities is not clear. Another annually on request problem is that no benchmarks have been agreed - an issue concerning progress identified in the 2012 NSDC scorecard. on implementation of the Inquiry’s Up until recently, COAG has independently reported on long- recommendations. term targets for closing the gap between Indigenous and non- Indigenous Australians on health, early childhood development, education, housing, and economic outcomes and more recently school attendance. Stolen Generations do not feature in this reporting. Each year, the Prime Minister makes a Closing the Gap statement at the start of the parliamentary year. Again, Stolen Generations are absent. In July 2013, the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan was launched and a key feature of that plan was to attempt to address the differential health outcomes for and within Indigenous communities. It remains to be seen whether Stolen Generations will be included in associated implementation and action plans. 3. Components of Formal and government level acknowledgement and apology, as PARTIAL reparations well as spoken guarantees against repetition have been made. FAIL That, for the purposes To some extent there have been measures of restitution and of responding to the rehabilitation through a range of service and program delivery effects of forcible but there has been no attempt, at a national level, to deal with removals, the question of monetary compensation, as recommended in the ‘compensation’ be stages outlined in the van Boven Principles. widely defined to Tasmania is the only state so far to have offered compensation. mean ‘reparation’; South Australia is currently considering legislation. that reparation be made in recognition Equivalence and equity of responses across all jurisdictions is of the history of gross required. violations of human Despite guarantees against repetition, Indigenous children rights; and that the continue to be removed from their families at unacceptable van Boven principles rates. guide the reparation measures. Reparation should consist of (1) acknowledgement and apology, (2) guarantees against repetition, (3) measures of restitution, (4)

Scorecard Report 2015 Appendix A Page 4 measures of rehabilitation, and (5) monetary compensation.

4. Claimants Reparations for individuals, family members, communities and FAIL descendants of those forcibly removed, consistent with the That reparation be internationally endorsed van Boven Principles, have never been made to all who made, other than in Tasmania. suffered because of forcible removal policies. 5a. and 5b. Between 1997 and 2001, each Australian State and Territory PASS Acknowledgement government apologised in Parliament to the Stolen Generations. and apology – On 13 February 2008, the Commonwealth parliament moved a Parliaments and Motion of Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples. police forces. Data on police forces’ acknowledgements and apologies needs to be gathered for complete assessment. However, for example In May 1998, on behalf of the police service and the CEOs of Justice Agencies, the NSW Police Commissioner apologised to the stolen generations for the role of police officers in their removal. Data from other jurisdictions needs to be gathered. 6. Acknowledgement The Australian Human Rights Commission, Social Justice Report QUALIFIED and apology – 1998, listed a number of faith groups that have made appropriate PASS Churches and others acknowledgement and apologies. https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/social-justice- report-1998-chapter-3-church-responses A complete audit of other institutions that should make acknowledgements and apologies has never been systematically carried out. 7a. and 7b. National Sorry Day is an annual day of commemoration and PASS Commemoration remembrance of all those who have been impacted by the government policies of forcible removal that have resulted in the Stolen Generations. Groups across the nation host events. Up until a few years ago, NSDC was funded by the Commonwealth to host a national event in Canberra, at which point government priorities changed. National Sorry Day has also received formal recognition as a national day from the Australian parliament, signified by the raising of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags. Since the 2008 Apology, there have also been annual, commemorative, events held on 13 February, including the Indigenous All Stars NRL round on the Gold Coast. The Healing Foundation has provided communities with micro-grants to support local events.

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8a. and 8b. In 2011 NSDC advocated successfully for the inclusion of Stolen WORKING Generations to be meaningfully included in the National School education TOWARDS Curriculum for primary and secondary public schools. This curriculum has since been reviewed and the impacts of this on

Stolen Generations unknown. 9a. and 9b. Curtin University has been contracted to undertake the WORKING Professional training development of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health TOWARDS curriculum framework. Health Workforce Australia and Curtin University were to work closely with the tertiary sector, students, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, health services including the Aboriginal Community Controlled health organisations, and accreditation authorities to devise the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health curriculum framework. This was to include an environmental scan and literature review, case studies, conducting multidisciplinary consultation workshops, developing implementation guidelines, an assessment tool, and accreditation standards. Workshop submissions were made for the inclusion of Stolen Generations by NSDC members. In the 2014 Budget the Australian Government announced the closure of Health Workforce Australia (HWA), with essential functions transferring to the Department of Health. HWA closed on 6 August 2014. Funding agreements and other business functions are being managed by the Department of Health. There is no information currently available from the Department as to the status of contracts transferred from Health Workforce Australia. 10. Genocide Whilst Australia has ratified the Genocide Convention an FAIL convention assessment of whether it has been implemented in Australia with full domestic effect has never been undertaken. 11. Assistance to COAG has never systematically dealt with this as recommended. FAIL return to country 12a. and 12b. Some progress is noted through the work of AIATSIS and the WORKING Language, culture development of the Mura online catalogue and the audio-visual TOWARDS and history centres archive. Archiving of material in the ‘We say Sorry’ exhibition is important. Special progress is noted as the Australian Indigenous Languages Collection is now inscribed on the UNESCO’s Memory of the World register, meaning the outstanding universal value to the world has been recognised. Funding of regional, cultural and history centres has not been forthcoming.

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13. Indigenous Whilst some mechanisms for this process such as Link-Ups are PARTIAL identification operational, limited resourcing and funding support to important FAIL research officer positions within these organisations makes progress slow. For some ageing members of the Stolen

Generation the process has simply been too slow. Link-Ups are unable to provide Proof of Aboriginality. Through the SGWP, Stolen Generations without links to Land Councils have advocated for a central agency to assist them with proof of identity such as through AIATSIS. 14. Heads of damage A national scheme for monetary compensation has not been FAIL provided. 15. National No action. This issue is further exacerbated by the fact that the FAIL Compensation Fund post Mabo Social Justice Package never eventuated, which was to be directed towards those Aboriginal people who would not directly benefit from native title. 16a. and 16b. FAIL National Compensation Fund Board 17. Procedural FAIL principles 18. Minimum lump FAIL sum 19. Proof of particular FAIL harm 20. Civil claims In August 2007, Justice Thomas Gray of the South Australian PARTIAL Supreme Court awarded Bruce Trevorrow the sum of $525,000 as FAIL compensation for injuries and losses suffered after being separated from his parents when a baby, and as damages for his unlawful removal and false imprisonment. In February 2008, Justice Gray awarded Trevorrow another $250,000 as a lump sum in lieu of interest payments owed on the original award. As many have noted this system forces claimants to endure a lengthy court process, possibly incurring costs that most members of the Stolen Generations could hot hope to meet. The alternative and preferable approach of setting up a non-judicial tribunal to make compensation payments to all indigenous people forcibly removed has never been pursued. 21. Destruction of PASS records prohibited 22a. and 22b. QUALIFIED Record preservation PASS 23. Joint records FAIL taskforces

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24. Inter-State WORKING enquiries TOWARDS 25. Minimum access QUALIFIED standards PASS 26. FoI in the NT The Office of the Information Commissioner for the Northern PASS Territory is the independent statutory body responsible for overseeing the privacy provisions of the Information Act (NT) passed in 2002. 27. Indigenous Family FAIL Information Service 28. Training There is no traineeship or scholarship program that supports in FAIL particular Indigenous archivists, genealogists and historical researchers. 29a. and 29b. AIATSIS collection is endangered through continued QUALIFIED Indigenous underfunding and lack of permanent positions amongst staff. PASS repositories 30. Establishment of Services are not funded in all regional centres, relevant health FAIL family tracing and services or smaller centres as recommended. reunion services 31. Return of those Russell Moore remains locked away in a Florida Prison, having DATA TO BE removed overseas spent over three quarters of his life overseas, in institutions. His GATHERED family and supporters continue to lobby for his return. 32. Research The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health WORKING Organisation (NACCHO) has been involved in a series of TOWARDS consultations identifying the range and extent of emotional and well-being effects of the forcible removal policies. The AIATSIS data project to refine information on Stolen Generations available through NATSISS and other sources has stalled in the Department. 33. Indigenous well- Significant progress in terms of consultation and report WORKING being model preparation has been made but the status of the current report TOWARD with respected a renewed social and emotional wellbeing framework appears stalled. No draft has been put to the community for their input. 34. Health Whilst there are some best practice attempts currently being PARTIAL professional training made there is still no systematic under-graduate training for all FAIL students in the history and effects of forcible removal. The development of this should be part of a national accreditation system. 35. Mental health QUALIFIED worker training PASS

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36. Parenting skills $3.6m has recently been withdrawn from the Indigenous Family FAIL Violence Prevention Legal Services (IFVPLS) which is attempting to deal with cycles of family violence found in Aboriginal communities, some of which are the consequences of inter-

generational and other problems resulting from policies of forced removal of Aboriginal people. In 2014 the Abbott government withdrew the federal government's funding from 38 Aboriginal Child and Family Centres.

37. Prisoner services COAG has not ensured the provision of adequate funding for a FAIL range of preventative mental health programs in all prisons and detention centres. 38. Private collections Mechanisms such as regional local Indigenous language, culture FAIL – transfer of historical and history centres have not been established. These centres are and cultural necessary to ensure that relevant church and non-government information back to agencies transfer the relevant historical and cultural information communities. to communities. Where there have been some local initiatives they have continued to struggle for support. 39. Application of No Records Taskforce has ever been established as per FAIL minimum standards Recommendation 23. Minimum standards and guidelines for and common access are therefore redundant. guidelines 40. Counselling Valuable work in strengthening practice has occurred through QUALIFIED services various work support and training programs, initiated for PASS example by the Workforce Support Unit of the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW. Such initiatives though, have been undermined through the withdrawal of essential funding support in a range of program areas. 41. Land holdings Progress is noted e.g. Sister Kate’s, Cootamundra Girls and FAIL Kinchela Boys. However a systematic review of churches’ and other non-government agencies’ land holdings acquired or granted for the purpose of accommodating Indigenous children forcibly removed from their families has never occurred. 42. Social justice On all indicators Indigenous children and young people still face FAIL Addressing the social significant disadvantage compared to non-Indigenous and economic counterparts. There is substantial evidence from communities disadvantages that that the removal of Indigenous children and young people from underlie the their families occurs at a higher rate than for the general contemporary population. removal of Indigenous children and young people.

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43a. 43b. and 43c. COAG’s 1992 framework agreement notes that that FAIL Self-determination “empowerment, self-determination and self-management by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders” is a guiding principle. See Council of Australian Governments (1992) National Commitment

to improved outcomes in the delivery of programs and services for Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders, COAG, Perth, s 4.1 These issues – empowerment, self-determination and self- management are of primary importance “in attempting to improve the effectiveness of service delivery to Indigenous people”, a point noted by Dr William Jonas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, on behalf of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (2000) in submission to the Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee’s inquiry into the stolen generation. Available at https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/pdf /social_justice/stolen_senate_submission.pdf. Self-determination as outlined in 43 a, b and c of BTH has not occurred. 44. National COAG released, Protecting Children is Everyone’s Business QUALIFIED standards for National Framework for Protecting Australia’s Children 2009- PASS Indigenous Children 2020. Outcome 5 speaks directly to supporting outcomes for Indigenous Children. 45a. and 45b. Whilst the work of SNAICC continues with maximum effort, FAIL National standards circumstances throughout Australia in terms of supporting for Indigenous structures to ensure adherence to standards are under real children under State, challenge. Territory or shared As an example, the Aboriginal Early Childhood Support and jurisdictions Learning Incorporation (AECSL), a unique organisation, leading the way as a peak advisory body on early childhood for Aboriginal children, families and the Aboriginal community in NSW was

defunded. There was a Commonwealth government decision made in 2013 to cut the funding. AECSL was notified that funding would not be provided after 31 December 2013 with only 13 days’ notice provided by the funding agency. AECSL was the only Aboriginal managed organisation providing support and advocacy for Aboriginal early childhood in NSW. Similar agencies in other states have also been cut. The policy work, advocacy, training and professional development of organisations like AECSL has been crucial as an interface with government, providing support for Aboriginal preschools in meeting stringent but important

accreditation practices and the development of staff with highly specialised knowledge and understanding of Aboriginal early childhood. As of July 2014 AECSL had significantly downsized its operations as a result of the cessation of Commonwealth funding and because it has been unsuccessful in finding an alternative sustainable funding source. Without organisations like AECSL operating at a state and territory level standards cannot continue to be developed, refined, applied and monitored.

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46a. and 46b. While a standard has been established that the best interest of FAIL Standard 1: Best the child is to remain within his or her Indigenous family, interests of the child - community and culture, in many jurisdictions, in practice children factors are still being removed from their Indigenous families and

community. The Northern Territory Children's Commissioner's annual report showed that in the year to June 30, 2013, five times more Aboriginal children than non-Aboriginal children were being put in care, with 126 non-Aboriginal and 624 Aboriginal children taken from their parents. Information available: http://www.childrenscommissioner.nt.gov.au/publications.html The NSW 2014 Report on Government services showed that NSW had the highest percentage of indigenous children in out of home care placements with relatives or kin (63.6 per cent of indigenous children as compared to the national average of 51.5 per cent). Details available at http://www.pc.gov.au/research/recurring/report-on- government-services 47. Standard 2: When Linked to above. FAIL best interests are paramount 48. Standard 3: When Linked to above. FAIL other factors apply 49. Standard 4: Linked to above. FAIL Involvement of accredited Indigenous organisations 50. Standard 5: Linked to above. FAIL Judicial decision making 51. Standard 6a-e: All Australian jurisdictions now recognise, either in legislation or FAIL Indigenous Child policy, that, when Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander children are Placement Principle to be placed in substitute care, they should be placed within their own culture and community where possible. Each jurisdiction also recognises that Indigenous people should be consulted about placements. However research conducted by the Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning Research, University of Technology, Sydney, through the Indigenous Legal Needs Project identified that 22% of women in focus groups in Victoria identified child removal as a legal problem arising for them in the past two years. Most women have not been able to access legal support. When ‘out of home care’ orders have been made, most women have been reliant on duty solicitors who have little or no time to consider their case.

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52.Standard 7: Once orders are made, it is very difficult to have children FAIL Adoption a last resort returned, and families are not eligible for legal aid to appeal decisions made by the department. In Queensland service providers have said that often no representation is provided for

early hearing. In NT legal services often discover parents who have already signed consent orders for removal without representation, or any understanding that they could refuse to sign and could challenge the orders. A lack of legal support to deal with other problems faced by Aboriginal families can also feed into the process of child removal, e.g., the ‘three strikes’ rule for Western Australian housing tenants alleged to have breached ‘behaviour’ guidelines was introduced in May 2011. By November 2013, 519 Aboriginal families had been evicted, affecting approximately 2,000 Aboriginal children. 53a and 53b. Australia wide, Aboriginal children are 31 times more likely to be FAIL incarcerated. A fact that has caused many to call for urgent Standard 8: Juvenile intervention from the United Nations. justice 54. Family law The family law reforms of 2006 ensured an Aboriginal child’s or a QUALIFIED Torres Strait Islander child’s right to enjoy his or her Aboriginal or PASS Torres Strait Islander culture includes the right: (a) to maintain a connection with that culture; and (b) to have the support, opportunity and encouragement necessary: (i) to explore the full extent of that culture, consistent with the child’s age and developmental level and the child’s views; and (ii) to develop a positive appreciation of that culture. An evaluation of the family law reforms of 2006 notes that there are still substantial tensions in cases of Aboriginal culture. See p 349, http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/fle/chapter15.pdf

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Page 2 utain?Eiec rmte20 ASS' nB utr&N ide(eds.), Biddle http://epress.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ch131.pdf N. & Hunter Australia, B. in in Policy NATSISS', 2008 the from Evidence Australians? (2006). (MCATSIA). Framework’. Affairs 11 Reporting islander Home Strait Them Torres ‘Bringing and Aboriginal for Council Ministerial 1-8; programs health http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/bringing-them-home~appendix-b~b- mental Indigenous and home them Bringing Families, 10 Their from Children Australia. Islander Strait Torres and Aboriginal of Survey, 9 Social Islander Group. Strait Coordination Torres and Aboriginal National the 2008, from Perspectives Data Generations: Stolen The 8 includes: evidence The gap” Strait the Torres within and gap Aboriginal “a the as between Australians, outcomes other been health and has in population This gap Islander the communities. of and context families the Islander their in Strait from described, Torres separated and forcibly Aboriginal not than were disadvantaged who more people are Generations Stolen the general In need added completed. of be Evidence are can 2.2 below It 3 Section areas. in relevant suggested all one cover the to as claim such not projects does as and to provisional is prerequisites of list This ua ihsadEulOpruiyCmiso.(97.Rpr fteNtoa nur noteSeparation the into Inquiry National the of Report (1997). Commission. Opportunity Equal and Rights Human of presentation following discussion 2012, April 2 Woden, Forum, Partnership Working Generations Stolen o xml okr,A .(02.'otaiinlclueadiett rmt h elen fIndigenous of wellbeing the promote identity and culture traditional 'Do (2012). M. A. Dockery, example For in context' Australian the in removal of consequences and 'Effects (2007). Young Keys Urbis h etsucso nweg n nesadn ftebcgonsadneso h Stolen the of needs themselves. and Generations backgrounds Stolen the the of are understanding Generations and knowledge Generations.) of health Stolen sources all the best that with The commitment work 2008 to May trained 26 be Rudd’s would Minister professionals Prime then in acknowledged was (This hnfra rtkncnutto ihte.Frhrdtiso hsiseaepoie in provided are issue this on details more Further below. requires 2.3.4 this them. Section and with vital, consultation therefore token is or Generations formal Stolen than the of voice public the Supporting Stolen specialist with providers service equip knowledge. to Generations sufficient not is training cultural General o h 08Ntoa brgnladTre tatIlne oilSre (NATSISS) Survey Social Islander Strait Torres and Aboriginal National 2008 The at (WAACHS) Survey http://aboriginal.childhealthresearch.org.au/kulunga-research-network/waachs.aspx removed” Health been Child not Aboriginal had Australian who Western Aboriginal those The for versus outcomes families, compare their to from the Survey removed and Health people Survey Islander Social Strait Islander Torres Strait and Torres Aboriginal and National Aboriginal National people the Islander for Strait collected Torres datasets and Aboriginal other with compared Generations, ( and families their 1970. The from and race, 1910 of period grounds the the over on communities children, Aboriginal of removal Families forcible Their the from Children Islander Strait Torres and home them Bringing CTI)wihestablishes which MCATSIA) rprdb rmTaa e hra ai Shah, Qasim & Cherian Ben Thapa, Prem by prepared mat fteaoeo h aiisadcmuiiso h tlnGnrtos including Generations, Stolen the of communities and impacts. families intergenerational the on above the of impacts 2006 eott h hnMnseilCuclfrAoiia n orsSri sadrAffairs Islander Strait Torres and Aboriginal for Council Ministerial then the to report AP oorp o 32, No. Monograph CAEPR h 97rpr fteNtoa nur noteSprto fAboriginal of Separation the into Inquiry National the of report 1997 the , t ehge eeso iavnaeo ebr fteStolen the of members of disadvantage of levels higher he abra AP,p9.Rtivdfrom Retrieved p290. CAEPR, Canberra: efrac n vlainBac,Indigenous Branch, Evaluation and Performance s18oln] eree from Retrieved online]. 1.8 [s 9 hc el ihtecneune of consequences the with dealt which , n ide 21) ‘Improving (2012). N Biddle, and ; rnigte home, them Bringing 8 . uvyAayi o Indigenous for Analysis Survey omnelhof Commonwealth gnaIe 6, Item Agenda 10 , 11 sn “large using . vlaino the of Evaluation

Page 3 14 1-8. programs health http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/bringing-them-home~appendix-b~b- mental Indigenous and home them Bringing 13 factors See with institutionalisation. Australians), events/news/dementia-aboriginal-australians-three-times-likely early non-Indigenous and of disadvantage, that times childhhood early (three Australians incuding Aboriginal in dementia of rate high above see – (eds.) Biddle N. & 12 Hunter from B. Retrieved in footnote. sufficient?’ determinants mainstream Are health: Indigenous below. be 3 could Section issues in system to service referred the project above, the 2.1 of Section part in as outlined further prerequisites elaborated the with case the is appropriately. As met be needs to their are if population required Indigenous are the the that within affecting skills group issues and distinct system understanding a service knowledge, as all the of all critique of or or account Generations definitive Stolen a provide not does section This issues system Service 2.3 experiences SEWB. the to of relate some they outline as to Generations attempted Stolen has the NSDC of that needs need and of background this against is It the by (ANTaR). compiled Reconciliation was and which Title A, Native Appendix for in Australians contained of is arm need national of evidence the of summary Another state: to on goes report evaluation Young Keys Urbis The the by and system male justice over- – juvenile the adults the Indigenous by in accompanied of people over-representation is young It and children alone. Indigenous child stand of the not representation in does children system Indigenous care of out-of-home over-representation and the protection below, 2.3.2.1 Section in indicated As 2007 programs the health in mental summarised is evidence this of Some sabove. As in context' Australian the in removal of consequences and 'Effects (2007). Young Keys Urbis the on findings announced 2013) May (16 recently has which Australia, Research Neuroscience example, For eaaino brgnlpol rmterntrlfmle'(ACS20,p465). 2005, forced (WAACHS of families' practices natural and their policies from past people the Aboriginal and of years) separation Aboriginal 4-17 of (aged SEWB children the their between and Survey exist carers Health associations Child 'significant Aboriginal that was Australian reported This West which p189). recent (WAACHS), 1997, the (HREOC of inherited ways' findings is heightened the It sometimes by removed. and reiterated children complex the in with children 'the stop own that not their found does by and impact removal, the of that effects is intergenerational evidence of overwhelming number a highlighted Report BTH The pp22-23). 2006, (AIHW practices child-rearing socio-economic in poor differences culture, cultural families, and and their family status from from children separations Aboriginal previous of of the removal effects include forced intergenerational system the welfare of child policies the past in of children legacy underlying Indigenous some of practices, over-representation Strait and the Torres policies of and removal causes Aboriginal government as past [BTH] by report affected this people in Islander defined are Generations' 'Stolen the While e n mrigrsac,icuigfnig rmidpnetrsac institutes research independent from findings including research, emerging and New UbsKy on)a follows: as Young) Keys (Urbis http://epress.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ch051.pdf and vlaino h rnigte oeadIndigenous and home them Bringing the of Evaluation eae-i h rmnljsiesystem. justice criminal the in - female s18oln] eree from Retrieved online]. 1.8 [s loSSRdo(esnlcommunication). (personal Radio SBS Also . http://www.neura.edu.au/news- 13 . vlaino the of Evaluation 14 12 .

Page 4 nieospolsi utai,sm fwo,frvrosraos aeaseii rfrnefr‘ad and ‘land’ for preference specific ‘country’. a use have to reasons, prefer various whom for of whom, some of some Australia, in peoples Indigenous 15 stated: Paper Discussion 2009 Foundation’s Healing the As trauma - issues Indigenous continuing its on and communities. loss, and and families grief individuals, trauma, on Indigenous impacts on available material considerable is There loss and grief Trauma, 2.3.2.1 of Some them. to respond Stolen to the skills include: for the issues issues have key key and the understand communities, and their know and to families need their cycle Generations, policy the in Skills involved and those Understanding, All Knowledge, 2: Issues System Service to 2.3.2 response delivery service and program policy, the into clients incorporated Generations be needs, Stolen to their of needs situation it current how take the as approaches affects well their services as that basic ensure to and access wellbeing, how role emotional account the and into understand social to in need services all basic organisations by delivery played service and designers program wellbeing. makers, emotional Policy and social of health, component (housing, vital services a basic is of employment) availability to the access people, transport, all education, for as Generations, Stolen the services future. For Basic the 1: into Issues continue System will Service impacts 2.3.1 the them, of all of needs the address not does system service themselves Generations Stolen Stolen that the stress by families to experienced like are would and NSDC were issues, impacts these Generations on comments detailed into moving Before include: with deal does submission this that issues service the meantime, the In nti umsinND eeal sstetr ln rcuty,oto epc o h ifrne among differences the for respect of out country’, or ‘land term the uses generally NSDC submission this In trauma: unresolved of types Aboriginal four separation, experiencing forced are and peoples dispossession Islander colonisation, Strait of Torres history and violent the of result a As fetvns n accountability. and effectiveness consultation capacity skills and understanding, knowledge, services basic training. emotional services and to social access on emphasis greater and approaches clinical wellbeing on emphasis less for need the needs Generations Stolen of communities complexity and the families their country survivors, or Generations land Stolen to affects connection it as loss and grief trauma, r eetd and repeated; are Cumulative Ecological responses; traumatic Situational and and hi omnte.Teipcsfraltregop ess notepeetadi the if and present the into persist groups three all for impacts The communities. their ntemntrn,eauto n eiwo evc results. service of review and evaluation monitoring, the in rua–weecatcevrnet otiuet trauma; to contribute environments chaotic where – trauma rua–weeseii iutossc sdaho ocbermvlproduce removal forcible or death as such situations specific where – trauma rua–weetamssc sdiyrcs,diyaueo ilneo poverty or violence or abuse daily racism, daily as such traumas where – trauma 15 and their

Page 5 20 Services Social of Council 19 NT at Presentation 2011 from 7. Retrieved p 2011. Territory’, April Northern 15 the conference, in protection child for context the 18 17 from Retrieved 16 follows: as issues the summarised caseworker, Link-Up former understood. a enough Hermeston, well Wendy not still are issues the this, Despite Generations Stolen face. the they of issues words the the in documented, been the have in loss themselves, and grief trauma, of loss effects and The grief trauma, – issues Generations Stolen to stressors underlying as exist trauma and distress “Collective life.”. that: Aboriginal some by recognised also is It trauma, people”. of Aboriginal effects [a]ffecting continuing issues “the grief to and and loss housing” and education the poor to mistreatment, introduction dispossession, the Conference, example, 1999 for the in, of recognised papers been collected also have loss and grief Indigenous loss and grief – issues Indigenous Australians”. “non-Indigenous the of whom that for times Australians”, three “Aboriginal is in rate dementia dementia early in and involved disadvantage factors childhood be early may both institutionalisation that indicated has research recently, More include can other children and on others. abuse effects and substance the themselves passivity, towards that defiance, behaviours states and He harmful anger relationships, stress. trusting to form adapt to to inability capacity particularly a development, to neurological relates normal it traumatic impairs as of phase series developmental a child’s where a trauma, during of developmental events concept of the identification to his adds in Commissioner, trauma Children’s intergenerational Territory Northern the Bath, Howard Dr addressing on focussed have responses nation’s the causes. far root so than that rather say symptoms to on goes Paper Discussion The S Health. NSW 12. footnote See – disadvantage and ‘Disparity (2011). H Bath, in contained are comments Similar unavailable. source Original above. As (2009). Team Development Foundation Healing Islander Strait Torres and Aboriginal include: and numerous are policies the of effects The . nitnl adddw otenx eeaintruhfa,sae ilneo abusive or violence shame, fear, example. through for generation behaviour next the to down handed unwittingly Intergenerational h anadagrwe hsdenthpe si a oe,o fi a' apna all. at happen can't it if or hoped, was and it lives; as other’s happen each doesn’t in this back when other anger each and fit pain to The trying of all, identity; for and turmoil, family The for of search culture the and of community anxiety family, The with ties of family, removed; in children place the taken; rightful been of have identity, children of when loss structure The removed; community children and or family child to the interruption for The family and parents of grief The S brgnlMna elhadWl en oiy20 2010 – 2006 Policy Being Well and Health Mental Aboriginal NSW http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/conferences?cid=243 20 rnigte home them Bringing rua–weetam etursle noegnrto ti often is it generation one in unresolved left trauma where – trauma 16 17 http://www.ntcoss.org.au/publication/2011/11/ntcoss-conference- eot n h ainlAooyde ute teto to attention further drew Apology national the and report, oigFradTogether Forward Moving 18 19 hc eest tetam of trauma “the to refers which , ,p1. icsinPaper Discussion . ,p3.

Page 6 nldn aiymmesi u-fhm ae nbi ri ueiedtnin n ii their (iii) and detention, juvenile in or families, the bail their (i) on communities: (ii) to care, and relation out-of-home systems, in in corrections identifying, members and in family justice including assist the would in below those 3 including Section Generations, in Stolen outlined kind the of project A families their Generations, Stolen the of lives day to day that the communities impacts on the have to loss effectively and and grief and appropriately trauma, deliverers respond service and developers, understand program recognise, makers, to policy evaluators assist to information insufficient is There implications Resource developed, being are services these Generations all Stolen evaluated. of when and needs account are implemented The into people taken young Generations. be and Stolen to children the need the of groups of descendants some later systems. and or justice Generations grandchildren criminal Stolen children, adult the the and from juvenile are the adults in the child and of the systems, Some in care over-represented home vastly of are out people and Indigenous protection above, 2.2 Section in indicated incarceration As adult and detention juvenile care, Out-of-home way: this issue greater the the be described of descendant may understanding Generations there insufficient Stolen While still One is grief. there communities. and families, on loss on impacts trauma, effect the the - of share days still these and understanding are - Generations shared Stolen They the when to. acknowledged referred be always should communities and Families communities and Families this: to added survivor Generations Stolen and A culture.” – our thing in same spirituality the Indigenous all articulate are to they difficult – it not spirituality make is or can land community this to or “Connection culture of said: to part descendant connection are Generations from which Stolen separate of one all As spirituality, interrupted and culture. community ancestors to and language, connection family country, from and separations land forcible to way connection the the add would NSDC list, this To cnwegmn fteeipcso omnte n nalIdgnu Australians. Indigenous need all We on and recovered. communities never on it’s impacts and these happened community of what the acknowledgement between destroyed four correlation which or a ... three is ago goes there years if where 70-80 even communities – are families There immediate their back. and generations them affect just doesn’t stolen Being – spirituality Aboriginal their on influences negative with cope to being had also they that. around up grief growing Stolen and While the loss from of taken lot was a that understanding is have This there Generations and Stolen means. Generations – it land river what to nature, understand Connection animals, don’t to but it. connection connection about the taught is been so never and they’ve spiritual they because is but like talking looks are that ancestors what the know experience know don’t Generations they Stolen ... about many moments knowing example vu not For encounters/feelings/déjà around spiritual loss means. and that grief what are and There spirituality Aboriginal spirituality. around issues many are There behaviour. criminal and physical social relationships, and on skills impact parenting its structure, leaving family ways, health, various mental in and itself manifests effects these of Each diinlsrie required services additional services existing within components missing odi a vladhvn ocp ihfre prtaiy(gChristian). (eg spirituality forced with cope to having and evil was it told . n their and

Page 7 21 He way. different a in country or land of commented: significance the able on be commented to member identity” people Another urban for their space of of part kind as available) that land, is “for to it well back if as get (even need and camp a manage a is to for there months so 12 stresses, or everyday months release six to say, wait, cannot Generations Stolen The is it land, said: to has away members going our about of only one not As is practice land connections. best to everyday supports connection about NSDC the also and However, established. this, be achieving area. cannot of connection this way specific in a approaches a as person’s if suggested the land often country, to are or connection camps land general Healing to a connections or support possible that if programs land such own for need great a are is they There hosts. which local to by country heal on to but and related, relax are to they time which spend spend to to to land invited 'permission' on Generations not Stolen often in allow country, centres and on urban invite time larger properly the that NSDC do around Wales, example or South country. country, for New of activities, or regional acknowledgement country land an to that is connection from ritual of not appropriate hears are only often they the if are, that they particular and whether a it, and know to to family not belonging country, others someone welcome or only can land that country own aware their or acutely land for are country, yearning Generations or great Stolen land trigger The enter can to it, communities. permission on given stand being to Generations, able into Stolen being welcomed the and being For Stolen requires the that country. difficulty area. as or the that land, land is in else’s that as rituals someone recognised, specific entering be in the must experience of and can aware real Generations always is they not land but are to country, they connection or as the land that Nonetheless else’s manage somebody to on how are know they not that do sense often can one’s Generations placing Stolen - The ritual entry the energy. of of part exchange as an ways, water in various the sand in into the symbolised sand indicating on be beach as hand can some well Reciprocity throwing as after land, through. – the passing as of are such spirits and the peace for in show and come country ancestors they or the that land for nation’s Elders, include another present they approaching the take, for for rituals Rituals respect those form reciprocity. to whatever and pertain that respect that aware of observations are values and and rituals Australia, diverse across the country of or aware land are Generations Stolen the of Many and land, to connection examples. to some relation provides said, in section That Generations this people. Stolen of Islander the Stolen rest Strait for the the Torres arise to and that important Aboriginal issues as other specific is to we are country is section, there or it above land as the to families in connection their issues that and the stress Generations with to fits need also a it is although there as, believe separately issue this listed has NSDC country or land to Connection 2.3.2.2 aemme si rvosquote. previous in as member Same epene ogtaa . og ihn,t e akt ad akt aue hyne obe to need They nature. to areas back urban land, in to stress. Even back release get and again. to their themselves grounded fishing, off ground become go take and to to land, able it, ... on on away sit sit get and or to go dirt need is the people do in and can feet stuff person their everyday Aboriginal put to an and comes thing shoes it best when the general, ... in life people in Aboriginal stresses grounded. being about is It h eore eddt rvd them. provide to needed resources the 21 .

Page 8 hr h ie“a hsnb h tlnGnrtost eonc brgnlpol ihterln” Details land”. their with people Aboriginal reconnect to at Generations link Stolen from the available by chosen “was site the where 24 e6frgd0x-1226066685042 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/opinion/native-title-laws-retain-some-inequality/story- 23 e6frgd0x-1226066685042 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/opinion/native-title-laws-retain-some-inequality/story- 22 problems. these held overcome be enough. to to frequently available them or made for time be available of to rarely period is enough funding long seven However a the either addresses them. for that supports program NSDC holistic and a SEWB, opportunities around of excellent together domains provide come which to examples Generations practice Stolen best the many for are there camps, to relation In met: be yet. to not needs or of – sets not both do allow others to the from, available to come be relation they to In country need or Resources wellbeing. land peoples’ the Indigenous know all some to Generations, central Stolen is country or land to Connection implications Resource and Generations Stolen many of wellbeing emotional and social families. continue the their will on ignored, effect if corrosive moral and, a the remains have memory, compensation to distant financial into including faded reparations have just recommendations for deserve. these argument survivors of Generations most Stolen that all fact which the recognition, Despite compensated. of been form have important Tasmania an from is Generations Compensation Stolen only Stolen date for To compensation including Generations. recommendations of set Islander comprehensive and a Aboriginal containing develop further and Islander safeguard Strait to Torres base, culture" and a Aboriginal such for establishing the base in wider and economic and a an ATSIC peoples "for this establish proposals help to submit to response to measures In invited of those package country. amongst mining own were live, their Reconciliation to on Aboriginal place buried for a be Council as to such right land, the with even associated or rights royalties, and benefits inflexible. other most quite from nevertheless, be excluded frozen; to often never tended law was have common rights title of by native product and of a itself, interpretations not law not is customary main, itself Indigenous in title from have, native stems Generations that but Stolen (mindful time, title that native Since of determinations title. enjoyed native from benefit to unlikely the peoples to attention draw to the (NTA) like following Act would package NSDC justice country, social or a land of to discussion connection on section this conclude To n xml nteCmbltw rai h tlnGnrtosMmra tM na oaia Garden, Botanical Annan Mt at Memorial Generations Stolen the is area Campbelltown the in example One laws.' title native revisit to 'Time (2011). P. Keating, laws.' title native revisit to 'Time (2011). P. Keating, ecm ocutyt egvn hyws htti eonto n nesadn a atof part ritual. was out-of-the-ordinary understanding an and as recognition regarded this being that than wish rather for They life, necessity everyday the given. be of be to acknowledgement to needs the country that and to respect country, welcome the or – land foremost entering is people aspect by pride shown cultural the people Indigenous many For ospotagnrlcneto oln nalclyacsil place country. accessible or locally land a their in identify land to known to is connection that general where a country support or to land to back people take to 23 iial,the Similarly, . n19.Ti akg a eindt rvd o brgnladTre tatIslander Strait Torres and Aboriginal for provide to designed was package This 1993. in http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/annan/the_garden/buildings_and_art#sto rnigte home them Bringing eotrcmeddasca utc package, justice social a recommended report h Australian The Australian The Mabo eiinadtepsigo the of passing the and decision ue1 eree from Retrieved 1. June , from Retrieved 1. June , Recurrent 22 tlnGnrtosaealso are Generations Stolen ) 24 o epewoaeunable are who people for eorigfrcmsneeds camps for resourcing . aieTitle Native

Page 9 elhcr epne hsmyivleAoiia omnt otoldsrie n others, and services controlled settings. community health Aboriginal justice involve including may primary This comprehensive a response. require care Generations health Stolen affecting often comorbidities complex The issues Resourcing addressed. be to needs issue This this on accountability and clarity an of time lack that a Since found official Minister. DOHA issue. Prime a Stolen the by with by packages work 2008 training to in of trained Day investigation be Sorry will National professionals on are health made needs all was these that Generations if undertaking levels, The operational of and met. needs management be complex both to the at in essential, training is most Appropriate Generations the Stolen with society. the working Australian single is in every training, presentations Generations, or Stolen of specialisation group the of complex of level needs their the of to regardless relation worker, in health that, emphasised be to needs It implications Training as conditions. such or issues diseases other chronic that to other recognises connected that or be disease way always cardio-vascular a almost diabetes, in will issues SEWB, these including addressing needs, is health Generations their Stolen the for priority major A addressing on work the Generations, Stolen SEWB. the and between pre-emptors, link and the diseases to chronic paid be to needs also Attention resourced and developed be to be need to complexity needs this issue to adequately. This respond that this system. pathways that the care believes in and NSDC anywhere recognised sufficiently complexities. or and significantly co-morbidities acknowledged of not rate is high a have Generations Stolen The conditions Health care corresponding for need complexity the that and address separations that the pathways from arising needs of Complexity 2.3.2.3 allocated to need resources and Generations, Stolen the it. for fund issue to live a still is compensation Finally, said: worker SEWB Aboriginal experienced an As people for beneficial approach). more preferred far about camps a be talk regular be would both to up background (although catching SEWB camps regular underfunded an of intermittent, with type than person That a another half or life. for counsellor of together a aspects come with everyday can sit regular people to through where day issues areas a day localised environment. or to camp small day day the in these in monthly) address least arise to at not services (say, do assist workshops face to everyday they needed of issues also out day is people to funding take day Recurrent Camps the of that issues. many means day so available) to - are day society they address where to (even opportunities camps limited between are time there the that is issue additional An ewudb begtmr agberslsadral sitmra rccti fmtesaltof lot a matters living. of day cocktail to or day myriad to assist relate really which and bring up results Generations set tangible Stolen it’s more once get logistics, able on be including would work, we intensive requires approach workshop the Although and eua okhp would workshops regular

Page 10 26 25 Partnership that: Working ensure Generations to Stolen was the priorities on NSDC’s Scorecard of 2012 one its as in (SGWP), raised NSDC issue an is This agency core a sector. as wellbeing recognised emotional (OFTA) be and Arts to social the struggled the for has within Office responsibilities, Australian its the in which culture in Indigenous appropriate way includes providing the to is barriers example effective structural One appropriate, the of and components. components Generations, the Stolen of the appreciation for enhancing. of services needs deal SEWB Generations great Stolen a the not for is system there service Conversely, the that disagreement little is There barriers Structural issues. these addresses section this of rest The of: issues the do as Framework, renewed the in recognised be to needs issue This Home Them Bringing urban the for by successful found highly been be allow have to that country Workforce programs to regular connected example, being For of experiences These resourced. for experiences. sustainably and and their services adequately how non-clinical be and by must SEWB enhanced services Generations’ or Stolen maintained is the restored, there affecting be and issues can diagnoses, day SEWB clinical to and day care, the clinical on on emphasis is insufficient emphasis the Framework existing unwell. the being In and SEWB, extending good spectrum enjoying a SEWB, with poor deals of it prevention way SEWB, the of of promotion terms from in Framework existing the and considered social NSDC on emphasis greater and support approaches wellbeing clinical emotional on emphasis less them). for meet Need to 2.3.2.4 how and area Generations this Stolen in the packages of training comorbidities implement and and needs develop complex to the available (ie made be to need also Resources the and: of problems wellbeing unresolved and the and health overcome resourcing ongoing Generations, different the Stolen of compromising consideration without require can, families may that their This arrangements and funding Generations funded. Stolen and the developed of be needs to complex need the for pathways care supported Fully ato h utainDprmn of Department Australian the of Part See noprtsotosfrtefml saui fcare. of unit a as family the for options incorporates care aged and required disability where includes term long the required over where accessible care is AOD for support setting and health access justice provide and the social in and including health care, mental wellbeing both emotional including pathways, treatment coordinated supported, enable h oto EBsrie oteSoe eeain n hi families. their and Generations Stolen the initiative to services Access) (Better SEWB Schedule of Benefits cost Medicare the the under services rebated on limitations service and services health allied and providers psychological trained appropriately of numbers below) insufficient 2.3.3 Section services the in appropriate of with to needs dealt barriers the is structural to (which appropriate families services their SEWB and provide Generations to Stolen system service the of capacity the http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-ba-fact-pat einlAsrla einlDvlpetadLclGovernment. Local and Development Regional Australia, Regional and rural and eoeclients. remote . 26 which , 25

Page 11 29 at link 28 from Retrieved 3). (Priority 27 include: barriers potential These the survivors. of Generations aware Stolen be face to that need barriers organisations access delivery potential service and designers program makers, Policy services to Access 2.3.2.5 improvement an be would year situation. per current consultations the extension 12 on automatic to them an families for even their that and and Generations Stolen consultations, Stolen the six the affecting in for issues resolved the be that to recognise unlikely to are important Generations is it adopted, is solution Whichever Strait option. Torres this and up Aboriginal take of any to families to wish the apply who to should people apply it Islander also believe should others it and Strait believe Generations, Torres some Stolen and proposition, the Aboriginal the among support and Some Generations Stolen people. are the Islander there among However, matter this available. on would are views Generations services differing Stolen appropriate the sufficient for assuming services issues, health both allied resolve and psychology to access free Unlimited Cost of issues access raises to consultations relation in this below Generations 2.3.2.5 Stolen Section the in experience/modelling for listed and issues referral client, access The the the on raise year. proof’ can per of consultations ‘onus referral eligible an the of place through number essentially – the requirements ways on the two limits restrict in the artificially Generations, through rebates Stolen and MBS the requirements on to limitations available the services way the the of highlight capacity to here raised is issue This rebates MBS damaging creating long, the very in be Generations. shortfall can Stolen greater lists the even Waiting for an delays is services. there and and practitioners Generations, Aboriginal Stolen of providers the numbers health of allied needs and the psychology meet trained to appropriately available enough not are there believes NSDC providers the and of services renewal of the Numbers for Party Working the of part not still is OFTA aware, Framework. is NSDC as far as However, to: forward looked it that indicated OFTA from response official The individuals” healing and for families fundamental communities, are Islander language Strait and Torres “culture and that Aboriginal recognition obtain to sought also NSDC sabove As above As (2012). Inc Committee Day Sorry National rmwr,adwl epooigtemsaeaottefudtoa oeo utr through culture of role foundational the about involvement Wellbeing message our Emotional the and promoting Social be renewed will the and of Framework, development the on DoHA with working Framework this of Indigenous development of the portfolio in the participates that language and and Framework, culture Wellbeing arts, Emotional elements and foundational social are renewed identity the and of connection integrity, cultural maintaining and establishing 29 . , trust and http://www.nsdc.org.au/advocacy/sgwp-scorecard privacy aeyadtime and safety hl h iiaino h ubro rebatable of number the on limitation the while , tlnGnrtosWrigPrnrhp crcr 2012 Scorecard Partnership: Working Generations Stolen ,and cost . learned 28 . . 27 . ,p5

Page 12 fpdn-10-point-plan-for-aboriginal-people-with-a-disability/ 30 they before ill chronically are they until it leave Generations Stolen treatment. the seek option. of an many not that to, simply means referral is also a church-based) It accepting or or non-government approaching, or survivors, (government Generations services Stolen non-Aboriginal many for that is result family. the The their has or that survivor today Generations agency Stolen any a to of apply life also the can affect but to separations does power forcible trust church-based) the of and in lack non-government involved This (government, were agencies who widespread. individual still to is only also trust apply separations of necessarily forced lack not the the As communities, people and Islander communities. families Strait and their Torres families affected and their Aboriginal from all removed for forcibly arise were issues who trust documented, well been has As Trust Stolen the for issue access significant a be to likely Generations: is access disability following, the Given access Disability on: depends barrier a is this which to degree The transport and Distance issues capacity (The below.) 2.3.3 lists. Section waiting in long detail with more even booked in and heavily addressed families, often are their are and they Generations services, Stolen are the there for where services insufficient are there essence, In services appropriate of Availability utdin Quoted cost. issues skills and time safety, issues privacy experience learned issues trust access disability issues transport and distance availability tatIlne epei utai seScin22above). 2.2 Torres Section and (see Aboriginal Australia other in than people disadvantaged Islander more Strait general in are 2.3.2.3 Generations Section Stolen (see the comorbidities and needs complex of rate above) Australians”. high non-indigenous a “this the have and of Generations condition” that Stolen health twice the term than long more or is disability disability of of form prevalence some have people Aboriginal of “50% not if companion accommodation). travel applicable, a where of and, availability (transport the travel and of alone, cost travel the to person the of capacity not the is transport times public relevant if the options at transport available private including services, transport available the travel of length the http://nacchocommunique.com/2013/05/20/naccho-press-release-naccho-praises-release-of- 30

Page 13 utb estv oteneso h tlnGnrtosadsol norg h tlnGnrtost be to Generations them.”. Stolen to the provided encourage services should the and about Generations making Stolen decision the in of involved needs the the Aboriginal of to to impact sensitive provided the be services of must The understanding children. an Indigenous includes of clients removal Islander forced Strait Torres and Aboriginal of proportions partnership responsibilities/indigenous-australians/programs-services/recognition-respect/stolen-generations-working- 32 31 that ensure to and commitment, 2008 the fulfil to packages: available training made be to need resources Sufficient competency. core implications a Resource to linked is it no that is or there delivered, indicates is content training Generations the Stolen that their guarantee and packages training care and health Generations of available Stolen training for the care to to commitment ability families a their their made improve Rudd to Minister professionals Prime care then health 2008 mainstream in 2.1, Section in indicated As Commitment are Training them 2.3.2.6 compounded. of is more Generations or Stolen two the when of but lives significant, the is on access impact to the barriers combined, these of any of them. impact for The barrier in access that greater likely a is be it will 2.2), service Section a (see of people cost Islander the Strait general Generations Torres Stolen and the Aboriginal by other experienced with disadvantage compared socio-economic of levels higher the Given they if Cost available, are that services other the of needs. use their make for safely to appropriate clients capacity are allows own process their This build can to generations, self-empowerment. clients gradually the build where and down and space effects distrust safe follow-on and a the fear create all overcome to and gradually need separations, to providers of needs Service traumas and the process pace. from long supported healing a and is safe community a and at family done from be separation of impacts the from Recovery community general and Aboriginal to access survivors’ services. Generations Stolen affect can issues These skills and time Safety, to relationship family a has others provider want service not the do where and or communities services, them. knit accessing close are in they live that they know where to clients for arise can issues Privacy issues. trust the compounds you modelling that Privacy appropriate habit to a exposure becomes of it lack so This – treatment whatever.” medical or medical having up have to it didn’t used suck you weren’t sick, you extremely – Generations really kids Stolen really, as one were treatment As you “Unless conditions. institutions: or of medical illnesses said having injuries, survivor to for used them not for were sought institutions, routinely in treatment those especially survivors, Generations Stolen Many experience/modelling Learned xrse np6of 6 p on Expressed See oti prpit,cnitn nomto bu h ed fteSoe Generations Stolen the of needs the about information consistent appropriate, contain or Mail, Koori 31 hc srfetdi h GPagreement SGWP the in reflected is which , ue20,p .Rtivdfrom Retrieved 7. p. 2008, June 4 tlnGnrtosWrigPartnership Working Generations Stolen http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/koorimail/issues/pdf/427.pdf at 32 http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/our- nta cpn okb OAt assess to DOHA by work scoping Initial . n orsSri sadrclients Islander Strait Torres and .

Page 14 ulcFrma S alaet ue2008. June 3 Parliament, 34 NSW at Forum Public 33 insufficient is there children, insufficient their are and There Generations Stolen children workers. the their SEWB for of Indigenous services taking enough counselling the not Indigenous by are expert affected There with communities issues for people. day anything, young to if and day little, through is camps/healing sort There cultural can for people support. funding where SEWB consistent workshops no local find is regular to There for try or to them. camps, waiting by still found of country, be thousands the or still across families, are lists their There waiting Link-Up communities. on their survivors and Generations families Stolen their Generations, Stolen the of needs is support There organisational and development workforce Funding, 2.3.3.2 – issue either/or an not is This dramatically. increase be will will - people social young or and fiscal the children whether urgency, Islander – of Strait costs matter Torres and a and significant, as Aboriginal addressed of not lives is the them too, on of this, impacts many If and system, descendants. care Generations out-of-home Stolen the are in over-represented vastly are children Indigenous Generations. Stolen the of passing the with pass will extremely the are to removals restricted forced not of is impacts significant urgency inter-generational the The that emphasise alone. Section to Generations in like Stolen contained would are NSDC survivors However, Generations Stolen below. of 2.3.3.2 needs the on comments detailed More said: before CEO or Up – Link them former with a reunited As be Stolen or them. Many family find find can priority. can family urgent they an before is dying needs are their survivors meeting Generations so descendants ageing, and are survivors Generations Generations Stolen Stolen The of needs meeting of Urgency 2.3.3.1 services. Generations Stolen of future the and support, success, organisational of development, measures insufficient Generations, workforce criteria, Stolen workers, eligibility the SEWB capacity, Indigenous of urgency, trained needs include appropriately the Issues meet to communities. adequate and not families is their system service the of capacity The organisational and development workforce (funding, support) Capacity 3: Issues System Service 2.3.3 new that available. but becomes possible, it as as soon incorporated as be that available could means made knowledge This be could documents. packages is living training proposal have Generations The will Stolen area. and this improvement in continuous Stolen function achieve improved house’ to or ‘clearing intended new a formulating provide in and assist packages both training could Generations below 3 Section in proposal The e,freape eto . fti document. this of 2.2 Section example, to for given See, Speech Generations’, Stolen the for Reparation Parliament: in ‘Reconciliation Glendra, Stubbs, oto l o h aiis naooy lhuhwloe sol h einn fteprocess the of beginning the them. only for is right welcome, things although set but apology, to involved, An grave trying everyone mother’s of for families. her heartbreaking the at are for digging this all Aunties, like of our reunions most of Graveside one of hands. is bare me her with with remain always will that image One r delivered. are accreditation relevant to linked are nufcetcapacity insufficient 34 n oenet n h o-oenetsco hudntasm htteurgency the that assume not should sector non-government the and governments and , ihntesriesse opoieahlsi epnet etn the meeting to response holistic a provide to system service the within ohst fnesaeurgent are needs of sets both 33 .

Page 15 S,truhasaefne aiyLn evc ihnLn-p(S)Aoiia Corporation. Aboriginal (NSW) Link-Up within service Link Family state-funded a through NSW, 35 care out-of-home the in children Indigenous Stolen for the family of find family to system. for on searching drawn in be the Ups also example, Link can For the Generations by descendants. obtained some to allows skills and and that Generations experience types Stolen knowledge, service the some to between services affinity provide natural to a met organisations also be is to There need will that. Generations Stolen after the of mean needs policies The removal Stolen future forcible case. other of the and impacts not Ups the is Link Regrettably, this the that that life. seem limited may a it have issues services the Generations with familiar not those to Finally, alone numbers through success this demonstrate to However, throughput, the by for friends. largely markedly and measured improves family life of and circle one changes their example, positive and for more individual from, make benefits clients life – long. of counselling extremely quality one to the on short demonstrates relatively that from evidence and vary longitudinal reunion, can on is family required focus There family, time the finding of is as amount area such the this services where in for counselling, issue problematic One be can process. which this data, support quantitative to to their need need to organisations funders barriers SEWB and and Indigenous addressed, sector facing be service Barriers non-government the governance. on and completed management been operations, has work of of would, deal This great A business. core directly. their Ups on Link focus the can with Ups discussed Link be the to that need and so course, Commonwealth behalf, the their with on liaising it a including to with administration, reporting Link-Ups level the high example, manage for to support, unit could national Commonwealth the that re-examine suggested funders manager that This suggested has manager SEWB experienced One Boards. and management staff, face-to-face for way, brings Expansion enough issues. comfortable painful and are and Generations they private Stolen whom extremely the with about that worker up vital SEWB open is Indigenous trauma, to it an to as to relation services, access in to have earlier access families outlined on their issues impact the their facilitating given and to essential, loss, restricted is and being expansion grief than This rather needed it. service assisting the or provide it actually can they where expansion level or a development and the and families favour services their should SEWB Generations, increase Indigenous Stolen this of the and of increased, needs be the to meet needs to communities system service the of capacity of The stereotypes or attitudes the change necessarily practices. in not new changes does adopt and policy must change a who policy of those between change do lag the also time that criteria considerable or These a – be practice Coast. often Sunshine can separations the there forced of that example, north recognise for Queensland, not that, in recognise 1980s not early do the and into strict continued too are services Link-Up for criteria criteria Eligibility people. Aboriginal other out-of-home or the community in family, children with Aboriginal placed that are placement ensure system child intent, care Aboriginal apparent and their effects, despite inter-generational not, the do in principles increase the stem to support family hscnhl oenet etteAoiia hl lcmn rnils tarayocr,freapein example for occurs, already It Principles. Placement Child Aboriginal the meet governments help can This ihteitreeainlefcso ecnat n omnte essigmn decades many persisting communities and descendants on effects intergenerational the with , 35 . a eapolm o,ee hr hr sasrie o xml,teeligibility the example, For service. a is there where even too, problem, a be can okoc development workforce nices ntenme fIdgnu EBworkers SEWB Indigenous of number the in increase an susadti hudb lob upre nafocussed a in supported be also be should this and issues tcnb ifcl,we evcsare services when difficult, be can it raiainlsupport organisational elit the into well . rie to trained , .

Page 16 eeain uvvrdsrbdi tlnt hsway: this length at it described survivor Generations is ideal this Unfortunately, making. decision how the and in about receive, play also will will but participants they met, the role be feedback a can what large they conducted, how is This and process are consultation Generations. needs the Stolen what how the about of just that assistance not unlikely the consultation is without skilled it met requires needs, and distinct recognised having be as will recognised needs are specific Generations Stolen the if even Framework. care However SEWB aged renewed the the of throughout review consistent the be to also and must submissions Plan recognition in Health this e.g., Islander and group, Strait sector needs' Torres 'special and a Aboriginal as National Stolen others the The and to DOHA population. by Islander identified population Strait been a Torres have as and Generations identified Aboriginal clearly the be within must needs Generations complex Stolen with Generations the Stolen that the believes of strongly voice NSDC the The Heeding 4: Issues System Service 2.3.4 implications Resource effective neither be would premature communities a and that families recognise their cost-efficient. to Generations, nor and Stolen account the into to issues services these to take end to needs future the for Planning eas ohn ssi akt h omnt owyhv oc,wysyayhn fn one no if anything needs. say our why about voice, anything a do have to why going so is degraded – one being community no constantly the say if is to can voice back they Their said like is feel it. nothing or about because voice done a be have will to something communities and Indigenous something for reluctance a is there So of unaware it. usually is of and community out away the come go and has researchers changes, that The nothing anything implemented, need. is communities they nothing to what time feedback and the no them half is on There done they research etc; leave. the need then all you people, about what Indigenous out of find behalf to on here decisions we’re make saying communities Indigenous into go People the of out come has what and – ever people research? researched most the are people Indigenous rae fotnest emd ome h ed f()teSoe eeain n their and Generations Stolen the (i) of needs the meet to made be the to reduce needs to effort available Greater made separations. be forcible to the needs of intensive, effects as inter-generational well as general support, family professional, Greater increasing to given roles. priority assistant, with just expanded, not be to needs workforce needed. Indigenous are The different services the counselling as and well counsellors as Indigenous need, More the of size involved. the issues match and their services groups Generations, the Stolen that the so for communities services and SEWB families Indigenous for needed are resources Greater eurdwe e evcsaeetbihdo xsigsrie expanded. support services organisational existing of or level established the are resource, services and new of, when aware required be to need others to and barriers Funders external overcome to services Indigenous service. to effective given be to justice needs juvenile support the Greater in descendants their (ii) and system, system. justice criminal adult the in descendants not eeal h elt o h tlnGnrtos n Stolen One Generations. Stolen the for reality the generally

Page 17 re n osfrtefrttm,o o h is ieotieterfamily. their outside time first the for or time, first the for loss and grief Past the from 36 includes: that system a of part be to need Framework renewed the for KPIs The (NATSISS), Survey 2014. Social August the Islander from on Strait enumeration undertaking Torres field is and for ABS Aboriginal scheduled that National work the preliminary of current content the and to design linked be could KPIs of Development a reflect which Framework renewed of: the view for considered needed are (KPIs) indicators Accountability performance and Key Effectiveness 5: Issues System Service needs, 2.3.5 unique their of source the is that this courage using because considerable as loss, requires issue, and this critical grief and particularly trauma, be a revisit to is to needs Generations them also Stolen requires it the voice However of voice 2.3.2.5. the can Section heeding histories in that community above stressed and outlined family was personal, services Generations’ to Stolen access the impede which in ways the of Some worst, at and, best at ineffective be people will the and that of stereotypes met voice imposing be harmful. the risk can to we criteria listen it, these we heed how unless also and about however, They concerned, assumptions service; own appropriate needs. our an those have provide meet us to that of able combined places All be in and and affordable. expressed frequencies, be needs and the to the times to have to at accessible appropriate ways, are be in services to needs whether have those on services meet effect all profound of a First has it Generations. – Stolen rhetoric idealist just not is This o xml,ND nesad htteSoe eeain h odtersoisfrteNSW the for stories their told who Generations Stolen the that understands NSDC example, For rudhwta sgigt ok–ntjs oeoysyn hsi o tsgigt eadti is this and important. be really to is going consultation it’s that how – is you this help saying to somebody going just is communities, not think with – we Consultation look what to community. going Indigenous is the that of how eyes around the in process flawed a It’s this it. need about you you think consult and we to are saying going needs and even their in not what going we’re understand government and and of help attitude to time. paternalistic people that the get all there’s and help then try for and out voice crying their were use and People years 20 to waited wanted they they but what – done reaction and jerk in knee Indigenous jerk gone a with knee just with consultation a has do any Government with without wants. in but goes or do, government needs to the about going - communities that we’re help is what need years] is we 20 this need, [after saying we happens reaction saying What been had years. People odd 20 classic. for a is is Intervention it Territory sure Northern making The but voice a people Indigenous it. giving about just done not is of stuff way and a heard find to try to need We oioig ota hthpesi recorded is happens what that so monitoring, need survivors Generations here). Stolen account for into considerations taken (privacy be used to be best could be data will the they how how and achieved when be and to communities, are and achieved outcomes families what their about Generations, agreement Stolen prior the on for based measured, be to needs what eotadtenational the and report rnigte home them Bringing 36 . eotwr oeie akn bu hi trauma, their about talking sometimes were report Learning

Page 18 hyudraersosblte uha ecmn eeoisaddne,adwa sappropriate is how what are, and land dances, that and of ceremonies elders welcoming schools and as things, owners such other traditional responsibilities Among the be undertake who to they schools. establish need local to that in need factors place communities the in their emphasises are and and programs area general this when in account taken into be taken to needs care that be recognises to NSDC needs focus the ahead shaping.” looking are in we say: but adults to done, of on been kinds went already the She what’s on undo adults “massive”. and rounded herself, back well descendant go adjusted, Generations can’t well Stolen “SEWB healthy, one into of students up words Islander growing the Strait their in Torres on is, and has Aboriginal this that impact bullying The and as racism experience. students the non-Indigenous reduce of in help part respect can is fosters and Generations and well, Stolen understanding the develops connection of this general and life, a peoples school least Indigenous whole at of find knowledge can When who culture people and school. young country, through and or children land that ancestors, means from which disconnected for week, are recognise NAIDOC and and country, Day and Sorry owners National traditional example, the acknowledge schools many days These if than difference huge a make there”. all not ceremonies are teaching welcoming they foods, local bush explaining grow and students dances, where local descendant patches to children Generations vegetable and Stolen creating up, one as growing As such children “Activities those Aboriginality. states: to their meaningful of to deeply acceptance able is and being way understanding However, some and their in Territory, lands. culture or traditional local State their the another to to in been that connect be have of even even owners may not traditional which may the land, descendants to other their related to Generations directly belong Stolen not ancestors the are Their of they – where land. descendants country later in and up - growing grandchildren be children, to the for common still is in It little very connections. was creating there in and assist – to culture community often and general they communities the but families, or stolen, their schools were to have parent(s) connection may their little they that or up, known no growing have had were may Stolen Generations and the Stolen Aboriginal of the were - of they descendants children known later the and of - some grandchildren As children, the Generations. for issue particular a is identity. This their of they reinforcement not positive or providing whether by people, country, young traditional whole and their the children on and Indigenous living life for are school factor person’s whole protective a the a shape into is experiences culture life adult Indigenous community early Integrating and childhood adult. and as born, abilities is coping child a moment the starts SEWB communities school and Schools 2.4.1 face. developing they in issues increasing and the by Generations, of health Stolen understanding population the fostering and of and health students public non-Indigenous education in and the role Indigenous However, significant in a knowledge system. plays service also health levels the all on at largely system, focussed has submission this far So processes. community these the all and to Schools in 2.4 built be to need Generations Stolen the of needs and interests The eiw ota la eiincnb aeaotwa apn et ie h results the given next, happens what about made be can achieved. decision did factor). clear who unforeseen a done, some that was or so what - review, (e.g. etc results funding, those of than of level better causes the expected, the it, as and was expected, happened than what worse whether or determined expected, be can it that so evaluation,

Page 19 n dcto ftegnrlcmuiyaotSoe eeain susne ob eonsdas appropriately. recognised resourced be and to benefits need health issues population Generations and awareness Stolen public the about providing increasing community at general aimed the activities of and education campaigns and communities, their and schools with As world. integrated one implications in Resource live can but longer worlds, no disconnected people two young in and living children up valuing that grow in so to descendants families, need their their supports and it themselves and for It right, culture own Aboriginal Generations. their Stolen in the Generations of Stolen SEWB the the supports to significantly contributes awareness community General as than singular, rather the generation in one used only generations. be in many to occurred many, Generations community and over Stolen and past term family the the from in for separations people common forcible affected still though this is how It and have long, today. still how people people for affects Many place, took forcible communities. what of and of facts families understanding the their little of from community Generations wider Stolen the the in of acceptance separation and awareness be to needs There issues community General 2.4.2 and ACARA by envisaged education teacher in changes implemented. the are that AITSL ensure to needed also are Resources as chance of matter these a that is benefits it the that experience means descendents bring. area their activities this and in Generations approach Stolen systemic the affect a whether often of to they lack and The groups, community only. necessarily and areas not schools small are through activities indirectly existing funded the but Stolen of funded the Many directly support can communities. that and activities families community their and Generations, school for needed are resources More implications education. Resource of schools in introducing curriculum to the view through a level with tertiary issues at these changes addressing positive Leadership on significant School work and major Teaching undertaking for currently Assessment Institute are Curriculum, Australian (AITSL) Australian the the and that (ACARA) the understands Authority effort also on Reporting of NSDC based and amount is the research. it on that cases dependent into some outcomes puts in learning student that with and student, sector, the present, the by at across research education consistent individual teacher not of is part approach is the issues that Indigenous but on education some that understands NSDC Stolen the impacts. of present that history and study the past of on its units information and with accurate Generations just with not also University but at issues, targeted Indigenous formal be encompass the to is with need it along Teachers as students critical, to content. is transmitted teaching Generations are are Stolen that Teachers the attitudes well. on and as education understanding minds Teacher teachers’ teachers shape packages.” to the need delivering “We ones it: the put survivor Generations Stolen one As education Teacher consequences. the present Generations, and Stolen past the their days on and of lessons separations, recognition preparing forcible school in of whole and history creating Generations, in Stolen resource assist the education will to an and significance release curriculum, of shortly national will the NSDC to linked in. is participate that to nation that of non-members for

Page 20 38 37 2. further NSDC material, training training available Generations the Stolen in that: re inadequacies recommends commitment the 2008 and the workers, implementing health in all lag for time the both of view In 1. that: recommends NSDC are that impacts these Stolen to the responses facing about issues and effective. the lives, and how day appropriate about to information day include their to on needs impact it Generations useful be to training that For Stolen the of needs the in trained be increased to an workers Generations. requires health response all a for Such and of workforce, needs communities. Indigenous the and to families responses their non- sustainable Generations, the informed, Stolen from allow the as to well funding as sufficient governments with from sector, response government holistic a require needs complex Their ageing. whole separations are a forcible They as of people impacts they Islander intergenerational general Strait the in Torres of that and witnessing indicates Aboriginal evidence than Available disadvantaged more urgent. even are are Generations Stolen the of needs The Conclusion 3. si,freape eto . fti document. this above. of As 2.2 Section example, for in, As h tlnGnrtos n eeatgvrmn n o-oenetaece to: agencies non-government and involving government project relevant national and collaborative Generations, a Stolen of the development the support Framework renewed The Framework: renewed The (g) (f) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) ii. netk eua eiw fteaeuc ftetann packages. training the of adequacy the of the reviews of regular updating undertake regular available for becomes process information a additional as as well packages as mechanism, house clearing a establish training the of implementation the monitor packages training preferred the publish by: consideration for packages training draft prepare sensitivities and rights Generations the Stolen respect the information of manner, additional consultative acquire a to in attempts them that but fill ensuring materials curricula)and education college vocational and only schools not professional (including also material existing the them in addressing gaps of identify their ways Generations, concrete Stolen and the communities of and needs families specific identifies that material existing collate on based services holistic sustainable, approach. provide above to the resources increased for workforce need SEWB the Indigenous recognise trained better and reality increased, a an this support developers, make program to makers, evaluators policy and researchers, providers assist service can that information impact to issues links the provide way lives the day account to into day take their that on responses communities provide and to families need their the Generations, emphasise Stolen the facing issues the highlight i. oiymkr,pormdsgesadsriedlvr organisations delivery service and designers program makers, policy knowledge Generations Stolen skills specialist and with organisations and Generations, Stolen the 38 dst hi re n loss. and grief their to adds 37 .Their

Page 21 3. edigte ote ec hscnett hi students. their to so content Generations, this Stolen teach the then of to of impacts them awareness ongoing readying critical and a experiences have the to and trained history similarly Australian that are ensure levels to all indicators at shared professionals of education development the support Framework renewed The

Page 22 Attachment A

Extract from ANTaR Submission to the 2013-14 Federal Budget

The extract that follows is from the submission made by ANTaR national in relation to the above budget. lt is from Section 7 (pp 2a-27) of the submission, Sorrv is the first step: reparations and resources for the Stolen Generations, and cites evidence relating to the needs of the Stolen Generations.

The full submission is available from http://antar.org.au/reports/antar-pre-budget- submission -20L3-1,4.

7. Sorry is the first step: reparations and resources for the Stolen Generations

The 1997 Bringing them home report of the National lnquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander Children from their Families found that between f in 10 and 3 in 10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were forcibly removed from theirfamilies and communities in the period from 1910 to 1970. This removaloccurred as the result of official laws and policies aimed at assimilating the Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander population into the wider community.

There is growing evidence to show those Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander people "having experienced removal themselves or of their direct family are less happy, have lower general mental health and vitality and are 38 per cent more likely to display high psychological stress on the Kessler scale" (Dockery, 2012, p.293) ; i.e., of a gap within the gap experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander people generallyaa, with such disadvantage stemming from the impact of their experiences of removal.a5

ln 2012, FaHCSIA commissioned an analysis of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander Social Survey (NATSISS) 2008 to better understand the Stolen Generations population. lt cautiously estimated a population of 17,800'first removed'survivors. This represents 9.8% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander population over 30 years in 2008 - the age cut-off used to more clearly identify those respondents who have been removed in the institutional context of the Stolen Generations. lt also again showed those removed as having poorer outcomes across a range of socio-economic indicators including educational level achieved, employment status, whether they have been

a3 lnformation about current funding levels is available at: h]tD://www.health.q ontenUhealth-oatsih-ctq-package " Ministerial Council for Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander Affairs (MCATSIA) (2006). Agenda 'Bringing llem 6, Them Home Reporting Framework'. "' Dockery, M. (2012). Do traditional culture and identity promote the wellbeing of lndigenous Australians? Evidence from the 2008 NATISS, in B. Hunter & N. Biddle (eds) Survey analysisfor lndigenous policy in Australia: Socia/ Sclence Perspectives [pp. 281-305]. Canberra: CAEPR.

z4 ANTaR Submission to the 2013-14 Federal Budget arrested in the last 5 years and are more likely to self assess their health as poor.46

These outcomes require a range of specific, targeted services and supports that comprehensively address identified needs, in addition to broader efforts to close the gap. Targeting Stolen Generations populations has challenges with 18 ok currently living in remote locations, with 82% are in major cities and regional areas. Further, some may choose not to identify.

On compensation, the 2011 NSDC scorecard noted, '[s]eeking justice through monetary compensation for the harm incurred under past forced removal policies remains a priority for many members of the Stolen Generations"aT and noted the Federal Government's disappointing unwillingness to date to provide monetary compensation and its failure to show "much needed leadership" on this issue.a8 Payment of reparations should be a joint state and Federal Government responsibility. The Tasmanian government has already acted in this regard. However, the Federal Government has the capacity to lead the states on this issue, including via the establishment of a Stolen Generations Reparations Tribunal to hear claims by people from states that have not established adequate schemes for redress. ln addition, the Federal Government has direct responsibility for members of the Stolen Generations from the Northern Territory. The cost of the operations of a Tribunal and the providing of reparations could be met with the establishment of a Stolen Generations Fund, as proposed by the Public lnterest Advocacy Centre in 2009.4e

The need to develop solutions to the ongoing needs of Stolen Generations was outlined in the Stolen Generations Working Partnership (SGWP).50 lt is essentialthis partnership continue to be implemented. This cannot be done effectively without extra funding. For example:

The need to ensure that "the Social and Emotional Wellbeing Framework is a core part of the new Health Equality Plan" and "party to the same budget cycle process"; The need for improvements to Link-Up Services and the delivery of Social and Emotional Wellbeing Counseling, The need for comprehensive Stolen Generations cultural competence training for health and welfare workers; and The need for additional support to meet funeral expenses for members of the

ouThapa,P,Cherian,B,&Shah,O.(2012). ThestotenGenerations'DataPerspectivesfromthe National Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander Social Survey, 2008. Presentation at the Stolen Generations Working Partnership Forum April 2&3,Canberra. a7 National Sorry Day Committee, Sto/en Generations Scorecard - 6 month update, November 201 1 ou rbid. ae Restonng ldentity: Final Report of the Moving Fonuard consultation project. Public lnterest Advocacy Centre, 2009. Accessible at http.i/www.piac.asn.au/sites/default/files/publications/extras/Rl_report_final. pdf. to Sfo/en Generations Working Partnership http://www.fqhqqagqv-aq/s,?li1plgqnous/pubs/stolenqeneral!.o{ryPasqsls_tqlpnQeneialionsWq-rkj nq Partnersh ip. aspx

25 ANTaR Submission to the 2013-14 Federal Budget

Stolen Generations.sl

Link-Up and Bringing Them Home case worker and counsellor services were part of a suite of measures the Federal Government provided in recurrent funding by way of reparations due to the Stolen Generations. ANTaR welcomed additional funding of $54.4 million / 5 years in the 2011-'12 Budget for the continuation of Stolen Generations services under the rebadged Social and Emotional Wellbeing Program. lt is critical this support for family reunification and social and emotional wellbeing and mental health support continues.

Representative organisations such as the National Sorry Day Committee and the National Stolen Generations Alliance play a critical role in maintaining public awareness of the need for comprehensive reparations for Stolen Generations, bringing to light the importance of just compensation and the need for the ongoing education of the general public, especially school children through the new national history curriculum. This work has been provided up until recently with only very basic financial support by the Australian government. Whilst the sector continues to build capacity and is thus able to continue to contribute to the SGWP, this is only possible through secure and regular resourcing.

Recommendation: Adequately resource the implementation of the Stolen Generations Working Partnership.

Translating the SGWP into action requires that it be integrated into the policy and program development processes. The effective participation of Stolen Generations in these processes will require resourcing, as will the monitoring and evaluation of partnership processes overall,

$2 million in 2013-14 ($4 million / 2 years)

Recommendation: Establish a national Stolen Generations reparations scheme

ANTaR believes an initial establishment payment of $20 million to establish the Fund would be sufficient to enable the Tribunal to commence operations. The Fund could be reimbursed and/or topped up by further payments from states, church and other organisations found to have been involved in forcible removal practices including the abuse of children in their care. Such a Tribunal could also assist governments in partnership with Stolen Generations NGOs in considering appropriate additional entitlements to health and social services in recognition of the particular needs of this population group.

$20 million 2013-14

t' NSDC, Stolen Generations Working Partnership Scorecard 201 2; The progress of the SGWP from May 2011 to May 2012, accessed at h!tp.11t4yvr.lqdq.qry.q!/d9A!8qil9/iteq/52 on 18 \ December 2012.

26 ANTaR Submission to the 2013-14 Federal Budget

Recommendation: Adequately support Stolen Generations organisations.

The National Sorry Day Committee and the National Stolen Generations Alliance play a unique role and have operated largely on a volunteer basis for many years. Secure and ongoing resourcing is needed for both organisations to increase their capacity.

$500,000 p.a. recurrent