DOCSLIB.ORG

Corruption in Natural Resource Management in Mongolia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Corruption in Natural Resource Management in Mongolia www.transparency.org www.cmi.no Corruption in natural resource management in Mongolia Query What are the biggest vulnerabilities towards corruption within natural resource management in Mongolia? Purpose companies in 2009 and 2011 for the exploitation of the Oyu Tolgoi copper and gold mining complex and the Our agency has received a request to advise our local Tavan Tolgoi coal mine. Concerns over lack of projects in Mongolia. transparency and corruption surrounding the negotiation process of such deals and of the distribution Content of mining royalties have led to large scale citizen protests over the distribution of mining royalties. 1. Overview of corruption issues in Mongolia’s natural resource management The government is committed to make all citizens benefit from the country’s newly discovered mineral 2. Corruption challenges in Mongolia and their wealth through the creation of a Human Development potential impact on NRM Fund (HDF) and a direct distribution scheme, using 3. References cash transfers to citizens. However, the outcome of these efforts will largely depend on the country’s ability to set up a robust legal and institutional framework that Caveat establishes strong corruption safeguards along the There are very few publicly accessible research articles extractive value chain and ensures fair and equitable and sources of information focusing on corruption distribution of resource rents to all citizens. challenges in the Mongolian NRM system. In spite of important anti-corruption steps taken in Summary recent years, Mongolia is facing important governance and corruption challenges. The quality of governance, The recent discovery of mineral wealth in Mongolia’s as captured by major governance indicators, seems to rapidly transforming economy brings both development be declining over years, especially with regard to opportunities and governance challenges for the government effectiveness and control of corruption. country. Major contracts have been awarded to foreign Author(s): Marie Chene, Transparency International, [email protected] Reviewed by: Robin Hodess, Ph.D., Transparency International, [email protected] Date: 16 November 2012 Number: 354 U4 is a web-based resource centre for development practitioners who wish to effectively address corruption challenges in their work. Expert Answers are produced by the U4 Helpdesk – operated by Transparency International – as quick responses to operational and policy questions from U4 Partner Agency staff. Corruption in natural resource management in Mongolia 1. Corruption challenges in and triggered a boom in the mineral sector, contributing to strong growth in the country 's GDP – which, NRM according to World Bank statistics, grew by 17.2%, making it one of the fastest growing economy in 2011. In 2010 the extractive sector accounted for 30% of Background GDP, 32% of government revenue and 81% of exports (EITI report, 2012). Approximately 85% of all exports of Mongolia’s democratic transition minerals go to China. Recent contracts awarded in Mongolia peacefully emerged from a communist one- 2009 and 2011 to Australian, UK, Canadian and party regime modelled on the Soviet system two German companies confirm heavy foreign involvement decades ago, with the 1990 first multiparty in the management of natural resources, while the parliamentary elections marking a shift towards commitment to distribute mining royalties to all citizens successful democratic transition. In spite of lacking pre- is at the heart of the political debate (Freedom House, communist experience with parliamentary democracy 2012). and a long tradition of political opposition which are commonly referred to as pre-conditions for a successful In 2009, after years of negotiations, Ivanohe Mines democratic transition, Mongolia has succeeded in (now renamed Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd) and Rio preserving its newly established democratic system Tinto signed a USD 5 billion long term agreement with ever since (Bertelsmann Foundation, 2012), and the Government of Mongolia for the construction and reasonably free and fair elections have been held operation of the Oyu Tolgoi copper and gold mining resulting in rotation of power following elections complex, the largest financial undertaking in Mongolian (Verena Fritz, No date). Simultaneously, the country history which is expected to account upon completion to began its transition from a socialist planned economy more than 30 % of the country’s GDP (Bertelsmann towards a market economy. Foundation, 2012). In 2011, the contract to operate the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine was awarded to a joint venture In April 2012, shortly before the Parliamentary elections between a German (Operta GmbH) and an Australian took place in June 2012, former President Nambaryn company (Mcmahon Holdings). Enkhbayar was arrested by the Independent Authority Against Corruption on corruption charges. At the time, The recent discovery of mineral wealth brings both his supporters claimed that his arrest was politically development opportunities and governance challenges motivated and violated his basic human rights, with the for Mongolia. International experience shows that corruption charges engineered to prevent him from natural resource wealth in the context of poverty and running in the elections. While disqualified as a weak institutions can fuel corruption, conflict and candidate for the parliamentary election, a number of insecurity. In addition, with large inflows of money into his political allies won enough votes in the June government coffers, corruption and vote buying could elections to be invited into a government coalition with thrive. The outcome will largely depend on the country’s Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj’s Democratic Party. In August ability to establish strong legal and institutional 2012, Enkhbayar was sentenced to four years in prison frameworks that ensure fair and equitable distribution of on corruption charges. According to observers, this resource rents to all citizens. verdict introduced some political uncertainty in this resource-rich nation, as Enkhbayar’s party plays an important role in preserving the current coalition unity, Specific risk factors in the extractive at a time when politicians are considering major sector changes to mine and investment policies (The Wall The Mongolian NRM sector is likely to be confronted by Street Journal, 2012). similar risks observed in other countries. A number of factors exacerbate corruption risks in the mining and Natural resource management (NRM) at NRM sector. These risks include (Marshall, I, 2002): the heart of the Mongolian political debate Mongolia’s mineral wealth largely dominates the current • Commercial value: The high commercial value of political debate. Although the agricultural sector natural resources makes them a coveted target for remains the backbone of the economy, the country's misappropriation, plundering and rent seeking recent discovery of copper, gold, coal, and uranium behaviour. deposits opened the floodgates to foreign investment www.U4.no 2 Corruption in natural resource management in Mongolia • Government regulations: In most countries, company and the company often lacks control and minerals are owned by the state and governments information over their local partner background, regulate the acquisition of rights for exploitation. connections, and behaviours. The sector is more heavily regulated than other industries, due to its potential financial, social, and • Opaque concession awarding/contract environmental impact as well as its impact on the negotiation processes: The negotiation process local communities. Mining and extractive activities of mining contracts is complicated, lengthy, and also imply frequent contacts or investment in the highly technical and frequently occurs behind transport and energy sector, as they need to close doors due to confidentiality reasons often develop, upgrade or secure access to public invoked in relation to such contracts (Chêne, M., infrastructure, as heavy users of transport and 2007). The high technical complexity of such energy. This implies frequent interactions between contracts also limits opportunities for public the industry and a wide variety of ministries, scrutiny. government agencies and departments. As such, mining operations are more exposed to corruption • Corporate opacity: According to Transparency risks involving public officials than other industries, International’s 2012 Transparency in Corporate as they require frequent contact and interactions Reporting report, which assessed the transparency with public officials for getting concessions, of the world’s 105 biggest companies, companies licenses and approvals for the exploration, performed particularly poorly on country-by- development and operation of the mine (Chêne, country reporting. 39 companies scored 0 per cent M., Unpublished and Marshall, M., No date). in this category, meaning that they lack transparency in disclosure of any financial data in • Capital intensive industry and high costs of their countries of operation, while on average, mining operations: Mining is a risky and capital companies scored around 4 per cent – a very intensive industry which requires up-front weak result. investment before mining operations can proceed and companies can start making profits. • Governance environment: Mining operations Exploration, contract negotiations, government often take place in environments with weak approvals and construction processes can take governance structures,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MONGOLIA: Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized
    MONGOLIA: Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgements This Mongolia Strategic Country Diagnostic was led by Samuel Freije-Rodríguez (lead economist, GPV02) and Tuyen Nguyen (resident representative, IFC Mongolia). The following World Bank Group experts participated in different stages of the production of this diagnostics by providing data, analytical briefs, revisions to several versions of the document, as well as participating in several internal and external seminars: Rabia Ali (senior economist, GED02), Anar Aliyev (corporate governance officer, CESEA), Indra Baatarkhuu (communications associate, EAPEC), Erdene Badarch (operations officer, GSU02), Julie M. Bayking (investment officer, CASPE), Davaadalai Batsuuri (economist, GMTP1), Batmunkh Batbold (senior financial sector specialist, GFCP1), Eileen Burke (senior water resources management specialist, GWA02), Burmaa Chadraaval (investment officer, CM4P4), Yang Chen (urban transport specialist, GTD10), Tungalag Chuluun (senior social protection specialist, GSP02), Badamchimeg Dondog (public sector specialist, GGOEA), Jigjidmaa Dugeree (senior private sector specialist, GMTIP), Bolormaa Enkhbat (WBG analyst, GCCSO), Nicolaus von der Goltz (senior country officer, EACCF), Peter Johansen (senior energy specialist, GEE09), Julian Latimer (senior economist, GMTP1), Ulle Lohmus (senior financial sector specialist, GFCPN), Sitaramachandra Machiraju (senior agribusiness specialist,
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection Survey on Copper Industry Sector in Mongolia Final Report
    Mongolia Ministry of Mining DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON COPPER INDUSTRY SECTOR IN MONGOLIA FINAL REPORT October 2014 Japan International Cooperation Agency（JICA） Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. I L Sumiko Resources Exploration & Development Co., Ltd JR 14-111 DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON COPPER INDUSTRY SECTOR IN MONGOLIA FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures, Tables and Photos List of Abbreviations Chapter 1.Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Survey ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Outlined State of Mining Industries in Mongolia ......................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Copper Resources in Mongolia ..................................................................................... 1-3 1.2 Purpose of Survey................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.3 Principle for the Execution of the Survey .............................................................................. 1-5 1.4 Flow of Survey ....................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.5 Survey Organization ............................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5.1 Counterpart
    [Show full text]
  • Undermining Mongolia
    Undermining Mongolia Corporate hold over development trajectory Rhodante Ahlers & Vincent Kiezebrink & Sukhgerel Dugersuren February 2020 Colophon Undermining Mongolia Corporate hold over development trajectory February 2020 Authors: Rhodante Ahlers, Vincent This publication is made possible with Kiezebrink, Sukhgerel Dugersuren financial assistance from The Dutch Ministry Layout: Frans Schupp of Foreign Affairs. The content of this Cover photo: Tserenjav Demberel publication is the sole responsibility of SOMO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Oyu Tolgoi Watch Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Ulaanbaatar, 46A Mongolia Centre for Research on Multinational T: 976-98905828 Corporations Oyu Tolgoi Watch is a non-profit, non- Sarphatistraat 30, 1018 GL Amsterdam governmental organization established in The Netherlands 2009 to monitor Oyu Tolgoi project’s T: +31 (0)20 639 12 91 compliance with the international [email protected] – www.somo.nl environmental and human rights norms and standards. OT Watch was established The Centre for Research on Multinational by a group of CSOs which have actively Corporations (SOMO) is a critical, engaged with govern-ment and protested independent, not-for-profit knowledge against signing the unfair investment centre on multinationals. Since 1973 we agreement. Since its establishment OT have investigated multinational corporations Watch is working in partnership with and the impact of their activities on people national, international civil society and the environment. We provide custom- networks in advocating for fair and made services (research, consulting accountable mining and investment and training) to non-profit organisations practices respectful of human rights and the public sector. We strengthen in the development process.
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Mining in Mongolia: Livelihood Change and Continuity in the Rangelands
    Local Environment The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability ISSN: 1354-9839 (Print) 1469-6711 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cloe20 Informal mining in Mongolia: livelihood change and continuity in the rangelands Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt & Hishgee Dondov To cite this article: Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt & Hishgee Dondov (2016): Informal mining in Mongolia: livelihood change and continuity in the rangelands, Local Environment, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2016.1176012 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1176012 Published online: 13 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 23 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cloe20 Download by: [Australian National University] Date: 06 June 2016, At: 20:13 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1176012 Informal mining in Mongolia: livelihood change and continuity in the rangelands Kuntala Lahiri-Dutta and Hishgee Dondovb aResource, Environment and Development Program, Crawford School of Public Policy, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; bSocial Development Consultant, Swiss Development Cooperation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Change has been the leitmotif of Mongolia in recent years as the country Received 8 January 2016 rides on the back of a mining boom, but enormous upheavals tear apart Accepted 5 April 2016 Mongolian economic, political and social fabrics. Yet, Mongolian KEYWORDS imagination continues to be imbued with the idea of nomadic herders, Mongolia; informal mining or the quintessential pasture and rangeland dwellers of the steppes.
    [Show full text]
  • Follow the Money: Mongolia
    A Rapid Assessment of Gold and Financial Flows linked to Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Mongolia FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA October 2017 PB FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA i ii FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA iii A Rapid Assessment of Gold and Financial Flows linked to Artis- anal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Mongolia FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA October 2017 ii FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA iii © UNIDO 2017. All rights reserved. This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” or “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Unless otherwise mentioned, all references to sums of money are given in United States dollars. References to “tons” are to metric tons, unless otherwise stated. All photos © UNIDO unless otherwise stated Cover photo by Magnus Arrevad, October 2016 iv FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA FOLLOW THE MONEY: MONGOLIA v Acknowledgments This report was authored by Marcena Hunter of the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime and Yolande Kyngdon-McKay and Kate MacLeod of Levin Sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold in Mongolia. Overview of Value Chain from Mine to Fine Gold
    GOLD IN MONGOLIA Overview of value chain from mine to fine gold jewelry (2nd edition, October 2012) Technical Report prepared by Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) and Mineral Resources Agency of Mongolia (MRAM) Funded by Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) A contribution to the Integrated Mineral Resources Initiative (IMRI) FOREWORD 1 Preface of the Director General of MRAM Cooperation between Governments of Mongolia and Germany in the field of geology and mining dates back many years and is rich in historic milestones. A successful cooperation between the Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia, which is the implementing agency of the Government of Mongolia, and the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) is the implementation of the project “Capacity Building of MRAM”. Within the framework of the joint project, a thorough study was carried out on the gold value chain from mine to jewelry, identifying the present day situation and its challenges. The study is an important document describing the development of the sector and its publication coincides with the year in which Mongolia’s mining sector celebrates its 90th anniversary. My gratitude and acknowledgements to the staff of the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany, for cooperating with MRAM to conduct this survey. G.Altansuh Chairman of Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia 2 FOREWORD FOREWORD 3 Preface of the President of BGR Gold has been in the focus of the geoscientific cooperation between to build up a local jewelry industry. The economic impact of nationwide Mongolia and Germany for a long time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Environmental Impacts of Toxic Chemicals in Gold Mining
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2007 The rP ice of Gold: The nE vironmental Impacts of Toxic Chemicals in Gold Mining Adam Goetz SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Goetz, Adam, "The rP ice of Gold: The nE vironmental Impacts of Toxic Chemicals in Gold Mining" (2007). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 137. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/137 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Price of Gold: The Environmental Impacts of Toxic Chemicals in Gold Mining Adam Goetz November 29 th , 2007 S.I.T. Mongolia Advisor – Luke Distelhorst Acknowledgements Firstly, I have to thank Baganaa for all of his help translating and making other arrangements. Without his help and connections in the South Gobi much of my ISP would not have happened at all. I’d also like to thank my advisor, Luke Distelhorst, who listened to my ideas and helped me decide which ones were worth exploring further. Of course I thank everyone at SIT Mongolia for all of their help with arranging interviews and coordinating the logistics of my travels to allow for a successful ISP.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracting Water to Extract Minerals in Mongolia's South Gobi Province
    www.water-alternatives.org Volume 11 | Issue 2 Jackson, S.L. 2018. Abstracting water to extract minerals in Mongolia’s South Gobi Province. Water Alternatives 11(2): 336-356 Abstracting Water to Extract Minerals in Mongolia’s South Gobi Province Sara L. Jackson Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine has become a symbol of the promise of mining to revive Mongolia’s struggling economy and to propel the nation into a new era of prosperity. Water resources are vital to the operation of Oyu Tolgoi, which is expected to be in operation for at least thirty years. However, local residents, particularly nomadic herders, have raised concerns about the redirection of water resources for mining. While the company claims that mining infrastructure has little to no impact on herders’ water resources, herders regularly report decreasing well water levels. With increased mining development throughout Mongolia’s Gobi Desert region, mining infrastructure and regulations are transforming local relationships to water and livelihoods. I argue that water infrastructure for mining symbolises the movement of water away from culturally embedded contexts towards water management practices that prioritise the needs of national development and corporate profits. This analysis contributes to the under-examined intersection of water and mining in the hydrosocial cycle literature and demonstrates the currency of 'modern water' in the context of global mining development. The research includes interviews and focus groups conducted with stakeholders, participant observation and document collection that took place in Mongolia from 2011 to 2012 with follow-up research conducted in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • The State, Popular Mobilisation and Gold Mining in Mongolia ECONOMIC EXPOSURES in ASIA
    The State, Popular Mobilisation and Gold Mining in Mongolia ECONOMIC EXPOSURES IN ASIA Series Editor: Rebecca M. Empson, Department of Anthropology, UCL Economic change in Asia often exceeds received models and expecta- tions, leading to unexpected outcomes and experiences of rapid growth and sudden decline. This series seeks to capture this diversity. It places an emphasis on how people engage with volatility and flux as an omnipres- ent characteristic of life, and not necessarily as a passing phase. Shedding light on economic and political futures in the making, it also draws atten- tion to the diverse ethical projects and strategies that flourish in such spaces of change. The series publishes monographs and edited volumes that engage from a theoretical perspective with this new era of economic flux, exploring how current transformations come to shape and are being shaped by people in particular ways. The State, Popular Mobilisation and Gold Mining in Mongolia Shaping ‘Neoliberal’ Policies Dulam Bumochir First published in 2020 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk © Dulam Bumochir, 2020 The author and editor has asserted his rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0 International). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia's Mining Controversies & the Politics of Place 271 MONGOLIA's MINING CONTROVERSIES and the POLITICS of PLACE
    Mongolia’s Mining Controversies & the Politics of Place 271 MONGOLIA’S MINING CONTROVERSIES AND THE POLITICS OF PLACE Sarah Combellick-Bidney When Robert Friedland first set foot on this desolate land in 2001, the mining magnate saw a windswept desert, some rocks, and the opportunity to turn Mongolia into the world’s next big natural–resources play. Since then, his Vancouver-based company, Ivanhoe Mines Ltd., has spent more than $400 million to develop what may become one of the world’s biggest copper and gold mines … If all goes well, Oyu Tolgoi could double Mongolia’s gross domestic product—and help lift the landlocked nation of nomadic herders out of poverty. Mongolia’s response? Protesters have burned Mr. Friedland’s image in effigy in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Wall Street Journal, 2007 A developing country, that’s what they call us, right? Devel- oped countries, developing countries, least developed countries. We would not choose these terms. If you ask me, development is not a Mongolian concept at all. It comes from the West. A Mongolian professor of human development When Rio Tinto and Ivanhoe Mines finally signed the contract with Mongolia’s government that specified ownership arrangements for the Oyu Tolgoi copper reserves in the South Gobi, they did not end the controver- sies about mining in Mongolia. In fact, recent news indicates that mining activities are as hotly contested as they have ever been. On 20 April 2010, after a series of uproars about the number of licenses granted for mining exploration and the extent of land they cover in Mongolia, President Elbegdorj banned all new licenses.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia
    Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia WOLTS Research Report No.1 January 2018 Daley, E., Lanz, K., Narangerel, Y., Driscoll, Z., Lkhamdulam, N., Grabham, J., Suvd, B. and Munkhtuvshin, B. Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia – WOLTS Research Report No.1 – January 2018 Citation: E. Daley, K. Lanz, Y. Narangerel, Z. Driscoll, N. Lkhamdulam, J. Grabham, B. Suvd & B. Munkhtuvshin, 2018, Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia, UK: Mokoro Ltd & PCC Mongolia Text © WOLTS Team. All photo credits © WOLTS Team. Mokoro Ltd, The Old Music Hall, 106-108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JE UK; +44 1865 403179; [email protected] Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia – WOLTS Research Report No.1 – January 2018 Acknowledgements This report is the result of the combined efforts of the WOLTS Mongolia Team. We acknowledge and thank all those whom we interviewed and shared discussions with during our research in Mongolia between November 2015 and October 2017 – from the Government of Mongolia, civil society and international organisations, the private sector, and all the communities we visited. We deeply appreciate their support for our work, their willingness to participate and their invaluable contributions to helping us learn about gender, land pastoralism and mining in Mongolia today. We are especially grateful for the engagement and hospitality of the people of Bornuur and Dalanjargalan, our two study communities that feature in this report. We also thank our team driver during all of our fieldwork in Mongolia, Erdenebat, R., for his warmth, good humour and GPS-like brain. Bayarlalaa! iii Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia – WOLTS Research Report No.1 – January 2018 iv Gender, Land and Mining in Mongolia – WOLTS Research Report No.1 – January 2018 Contents List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Mission Mongolia 23—27 September 2013
    Mining Mission Mongolia 23—27 September 2013 Austmine in association with Austrade invites you to join the mining mission to In Association with Mongolia, 23 - 27 September 2013 that will including meetings with Mongolia’s leading mining companies in Ulaanbaatar and site visit to the country’s largest operations - Oyu Tolgoi copper/gold mine. Mining in Mongolia is important to the national economy of Mongolia. Coal, copper, and gold are the principal reserves mined in Mongolia. Several gold mines are located about 110 kilometres north of Ulaanbaatar, such as Boroo Gold Mine and Gatsuurt Gold Mine. Khotgor Coal Mine is an open-pit coal mining site about 120 kilometres west of Ulaangom. Ömnögovi Province in the south of Mongolia is home to large scale mining projects such as the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine and the Oyu Tolgoi copper mine. Oyu Tolgoi mine is reported to have the potential to boost the national economy by a third but is subject to dispute over how the profits should be shared. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated that 71 percent of the income from the mine would go to Mongolia. Mongolia’s resources industry continually offers opportunities to the mining equipment, technology and services and some 45 Austral- ian companies have established presence in the country. Over 100 Australian firms work in Mongolia in the mining and related sectors according to Austrade’s statistics. This mission will be an excellent opportunity to visit Mongolia and first-hand experience and learn about the developments in the mining sector, meet your peers, network with relevant stakeholders in the business.
    [Show full text]