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21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection. -
Brazil North-Eastern Mega Birding Tour 21St September to 12Th October 2017 (22 Days) Trip Report
Brazil North-eastern Mega Birding Tour 21st September to 12th October 2017 (22 Days) Trip Report Grey-breasted Parakeet by Colin Valentine Trip Report Compiled by Tour Leader, Keith Valentine Rockjumper Birding Tours | Brazil www.rockjumperbirding.com Trip Report – RBL Brazil - North-eastern Mega 2017 2 Simply put, our recently-completed tour of NE Brazil was phenomenal! Our success rate with the region’s most wanted birds was particularly good, and we also amassed an exceptional 103 endemics in the process, which few tours have ever been able to replicate in the past. This was all achieved in just 22 days, which gives an excellent indication of just how good our itinerary is. There are few other tours on the planet that offer the number of threatened, endangered and critically endangered species as NE Brazil. We were sublimely successful in our quest for these, as we enjoyed magnificent encounters with Araripe Manakin, Lear’s Macaw, Grey-breasted, White-eared, Golden-capped and Ochre- marked Parakeets, White-collared Kite, Pink-legged Graveteiro, Hooded Visorbearer, Banded and White-winged Cotingas, White- browed Guan, Red-browed Amazon, Alagoas, Orange-bellied, Pectoral, Sincora, Bahia, Band-tailed and Narrow-billed Antwrens, Slender, Rio de Janeiro and Scalloped Antbirds, Seven-colored Tanager, Minas Gerais, Alagoas and Bahia Tyrannulets, Buff- breasted and Fork-tailed Tody-Tyrants, Bahia Spinetail, Fringe- backed Fire-eye, Hook-billed Hermit, Striated Softtail, Plumbeous Antvireo, White-browed Antpitta, Black-headed Berryeater, Wied’s Tyrant-Manakin, Diamantina Tapaculo, Buff-throated Purpletuft, Black-headed Berryeater by Serra Finch and many others. Colin Valentine Our 22-day adventure began with a short drive east of Fortaleza to the coastal region of Icapui, where our target birds – Little Wood and Mangrove Rails – gave themselves up easily and provided saturation views. -
SPLITS, LUMPS and SHUFFLES Splits, Lumps and Shuffles Thomas S
>> SPLITS, LUMPS AND SHUFFLES Splits, lumps and shuffles Thomas S. Schulenberg Based on features including boot colour and tail shape, Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii may be as many as four species. 1 ‘Anna’s Racket- tail’ O. (u.) annae, male, Cock-of-the-rock Lodge, 30 Neotropical Birding 22 Cuzco, Peru, August 2017 (Bradley Hacker). This series focuses on recent taxonomic proposals – descriptions of new taxa, splits, lumps or reorganisations – that are likely to be of greatest interest to birders. This latest instalment includes: new species of sabrewing, parrot (maybe), tapaculo, and yellow finch (perhaps); proposed splits in Booted Racket-tail, Russet Antshrike, White-backed Fire-eye (split city!), Collared Crescentchest, Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner, Musician Wren, Spotted Nightingale-Thrush, Yellowish and Short-billed Pipits, Black-and- rufous Warbling Finch, Pectoral and Saffron-billed Sparrows, and Unicolored Blackbird; a reassessment of an earlier proposed split in Black-billed Thrush; the (gasp!) possibility of the lump of South Georgia Pipit; and re- evaluations of two birds each known only from a single specimen. Racking up the racket-tails Venezuela to Bolivia; across its range, the puffy ‘boots’ (leg feathering) may be white or buffy, Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii is one and the racket-tipped outer tail feathers may be of the most widespread, and one of the fanciest, straight, or so curved that the outermost rectrices hummingbirds of the Andes. It occurs from cross over one another. 2 ‘Peruvian’ Racket-tail O. (u.) peruanus, female, Abra Patricia, San Martín, Peru, October 2011 (Nick Athanas/antpitta.com). 3 ‘Peruvian Racket-tail’ O. -
Brazil North Eastern Mega Birding 27Th September to 18Th October 2019 (22 Days) Trip Report
Brazil North Eastern Mega Birding 27th September to 18th October 2019 (22 days) Trip Report Lear’s Macaws by Stephan Lorenz Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Stephan Lorenz Trip Report – RBL Brazil – North Eastern Mega Birding 2019 2 Tour Summary Northeast Brazil offers a combination of rare endemics and endangered specialty birds unparalleled anywhere in South America. In addition, this true to the term mega tour took us through some of the most spectacular scenery in the country, from the stark caatinga and inselbergs in the north through the rugged cliffs of the Chapada Diamantina and finally to the lush Atlantic rainforest in the coastal areas of Bahia. In between, we birded in marshy grasslands, thorn scrub, intact cerrado, remnant forests on remote hill tops, montane forest, and finally lush lowland rain forest. Our 5600- kilometre journey offered one the grandest birding adventures anywhere. The birds were even more spectacular than the landscape with the top four sightings as chosen by participants offering a good overview of Brazil’s diversity: 1. Lear's Macaw, 2. Giant Snipe, 3. Blue-eyed Ground Dove, and 4. Banded Cotinga with honorable mentions Giant Snipe by Stephan Lorenz given to Black-and-white Hawk Eagle, Ringed Woodpecker, Hook-billed Hermit, Horned Sungem, Hyacinth Visorbearer, Toco Toucan, Henna-capped Foliage-gleaner, Cipo Canastero, White-bibbed Antbird, White-browed Antpitta, and Blue Manakin. Overall, we recorded 106 Brazilian endemics and 503 species! To learn about all the other highlights we encountered, please continue reading. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Tour in Detail Everyone had arrived on time the evening before and we met up for an early breakfast at our comfortable hotel in Fortaleza. -
Brazil & Argentina Trip Report
Brazil & Argentina Trip Report Amazon Rainforest Birding Extension I 9th to 14th July 2016 Birds & Wildlife of the Pantanal & Cerrado I 14th to 23rd July 2016 Iguazú Extension I 23rd to 27th July 2016 Compiled by tour leader: Dušan M. Brinkhuizen Red-and-green Macaw by Paul Fox RBT Trip Report - Brazil I 2016 2 Our Rockjumper Brazil & Argentina I adventure of 2016 was an enormous success. The number of spectacular birds, mammals and other wildlife seen on this trip was simply overwhelming. And not to forget the fantastic sceneries of all the different habitats that we traversed. We started off with the pristine Amazon jungle of Cristalino lodge. Here we watched Harpy Eagle, Pompadour Cotinga, Amazonian Pygmy Owl, Razor-billed Curassow, Brown-banded Puffbird, Bare-eyed Antbird, Alta Floresta Antpitta but to name a few. We continued our birding trip visiting the amazing Pantanal forests and wetlands where we enjoyed spectacular birds including Hyacinth Macaw, Jabiru, Red- legged Seriema, Zigzag Heron, Nacunda Nighthawk, Scarlet-headed Blackbird, Great Rufous Woodcreeper, Grey-crested Cacholote, Campo Flicker, Chotoy Spinetail and so forth. Our Pantanal experience was also impressive in terms of mammal sightings which included Jaguar, Jaguarundi, Giant Anteater and Lowland Tapir to boot! The scenic Chapada dos Guimarães was superb birding too with Cerrado specialities such as Blue Finch, Collared Crescentchest, Chapada Flycatcher, Coal-crested Finch, Caatinga Puffbird, Yellow-faced Parrot and Horned Sungem. The last days of the tour were at the gargantuan Iguazú Falls just across the border in Argentina. Some of the stunning Atlantic Forest endemics that we bagged here included Saffron Toucanet, Black-fronted Piping Guan, Surucua Trogon, Speckle-breasted Antpitta, Green-headed Tanager, Black Jacobin and Buff-bellied Puffbird! Top ten birds as voted for by participants: 1. -
Home Range Size of the Collared Crescentchest, Melanopareia Torquata (Melanopareiidae) During the Reproductive Period in Southeastern Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 21(2), 109-113 ARTICLE June 2013 Home range size of the Collared Crescentchest, Melanopareia torquata (Melanopareiidae) during the reproductive period in southeastern Brazil Mieko Ferreira Kanegae 1,2 1 Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, Trav. 14, Cidade Universitária. CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. 2 Current address: Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Bl. A sala A2-84, Cidade Universitária. CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Received on 5 June 2012. Accepted on 30 January 2013. ABSTRACT: The Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) is an endemic bird of the Brazilian Cerrado that is regionally threatened with extinction. The goal of the present study was to estimate the Collared Crescentchest’s home range size during the reproductive period in a preserved reserve of Cerrado, where its population is small and declining. Data was obtained in October and November 2007 from 10 to 44 radio-locations for a total of 10 individuals. Only five individuals had their home range accumulation curves stabilized (average 36.4 ± 7.4 radio-locations). With the method of fixed Kernel (95%) average home range was 1.51 ± 0.52 ha and the core area (75%) was 0.68 ± 0.23 ha. I found that the species occupies a small home range during the reproductive period and that there was no home range overlap among the birds, although, some of them were observed very close to a neighbor’s area. -
The Pantanal & Interior Brazil
The stunning male Horned Sungem (Eduardo Patrial) THE PANTANAL & INTERIOR BRAZIL 04 – 16/24 OCTOBER 2015 LEADER: EDUARDO PATRIAL This 2015 Pantanal and Interior Brazil can be easily defined as a very successful tour. From the beginning to the end we delighted some of the best offers from the Cerrado (savannah), Pantanal and Amazon in central Brazil, totalizing 599 birds and 38 mammals recorded. For that we had to cover the big states of Minas Gerais on the east and the even bigger Mato Grosso on the west, in basically three different parts. First the two enchanting and distinct mountain ranges of Serra da Canastra and Serra do Cipó with their superb grasslands and rocky fields. Second the impressive Pantanal and its mega wildlife, plus the fine Cerrado and forests from Chapada dos Guimarães. And third the amazing diversity of the Amazon found in northern Mato Grosso, more precisely at the renowned Cristalino Lodge. This great combination of places resulted again in several memorable moments lived at fascinating landscapes watching some of the best birds (and mammals) from South America. Best remembrances certainly go to Greater Rhea, the rare Brazilian Merganser, Bare-faced and Razor-billed Curassows, Agami and Zigzag Herons, Long-winged Harrier, 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: The Pantanal & Interior Brazil 2015 www.birdquest-tours.com White-browed Hawk, Onate Hawk-Eagle, Harpy Eagle, Red-legged Seriema, Sunbittern, Sungrebe, Rufous- sided, Grey-breasted, Yellow-breasted and Ocellated Crakes, Pheasant and Black-bellied Cuckoos, Crested Owl, -
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club Volume 135 No. 1 March 2015 FORTHCOMING MEETINGS See also BOC website: http://www.boc-online.org BOC MEETINGS are open to all, not just BOC members, and are free. Evening meetings are in an upstairs room at Te Barley Mow, 104 Horseferry Road, Westminster, London SW1P 2EE. Te nearest Tube stations are Victoria and St James’s Park; and the 507 bus, which runs from Victoria to Waterloo, stops nearby. For maps, see http://www.markettaverns.co.uk/the_barley_mow.html or ask the Chairman for directions. The cash bar opens at 6.00 pm and those who wish to eat after the meeting can place an order. The talk will start at 6.30 pm and, with questions, will last c.1 hour. It would be very helpful if those intending to come can notify the Chairman no later than the day before the meeting. Tuesday 10 March 2015—6.30 pm—Dr Clemency Fisher—A jigsaw puzzle with many pieces missing: reconstructing a 19th-century bird collection Abstract: In 1838–45, ‘The Birdman’ John Gould’s assistant, John Gilbert, collected more than 8% of the bird and mammal species of Australia for the first time. He sent hundreds of specimens back to Gould, who used many of them to describe new species and then recouped his outlay by selling the specimens to contacts all over the world. Some of the new owners removed Gilbert’s labels and mounted their specimens for display; some put new ones on, or placed their specimens into poor storage where both specimen and label were eaten by beetle larvae. -
Alta Floresta & the Northern Pantanal, Brazil 2019
Field Guides Tour Report RAINFOREST & SAVANNA: Alta Floresta & the Northern Pantanal, Brazil 2019 Jul 3, 2019 to Jul 18, 2019 Marcelo Padua & Marcelo Barreiros For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. Our group birding the canopy from Tower II. Video-grab by guide Bret Whitney. Here we are, back on one of the best trips in Brazil, through three different biomes and amazing landscapes. The weather in the first 3 days was a bit hostile and, due to a cold front, the temperature in Chapada dos Guimarães was about 10 degrees Celsius, making the first day cold and windy! Nonetheless, we had some great times with great looks at Collared Crescentchest, White-rumped and White-banded Tanager and Planalto Slaty- Antshrike. Another highlight of the morning was a group of Yellow-faced Parrots seen perched very close to the group. That was fantastic !! The next few days were better with Curl-crested Jay, a pair of Black-faced Tanagers, and a single Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant, seen very well indeed on the Água Fria Road. Just before we started to return to Cuiabá, a Tataupa Tinamou was seen with delight by all. On the way to the Cristalino Jungle Lodge, an old friend, the beautiful Point-tailed Palmcreeper, gave us a beautiful show, and along the Cristalino River our first surprise was a majestic Brazilian Tapir swimming nearby! Big moment. This was just the beginning of some wonderful days, full of good birds and moments like Pompadour Cotinga, White-browed Purpletuft, Red-billed Pied-Tanager and a group of White-whiskered Spider Monkeys very close to the towers. -
A New Species of Cinclodes from the Espinhao Range, Southeastern Brazil
Ibis (2012), doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01268.x A new species of Cinclodes from the Espinhac¸o Range, southeastern Brazil: insights into the biogeographical history of the South American highlands GUILHERME H. S. FREITAS,1* ANDERSON V. CHAVES,2 LÍLIAN M. COSTA,1 FABRÍCIO R. SANTOS2 & MARCOS RODRIGUES1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil We describe Cinclodes espinhacensis (Furnariidae), a new species discovered at high elevation in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Range, in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. This new taxon is closely related to the Long-tailed Cinclodes Cin- clodes pabsti, endemic to Serra Geral, southern Brazil. We present diagnostic morphologi- cal, genetic and vocal characters that support the rank of species for this allopatric taxon. It is readily distinguishable from C. pabsti by its much darker back, chest and flanks, lower body mass, shorter tarsus-length, lower frequency of vocalizations, and longer duration of calls. DNA sequence data estimate that the divergence time between this new species and Cinclodes pabsti occurred c. 220 000 years ago, during the late Pleisto- cene. This discovery illustrates remarkable biogeographical connections among the cold regions of South America. The new species has a restricted range and we suggest it meets the criteria of the IUCN Red List category of Endangered. Keywords: allopatry, campos rupestres, Cinclodes espinhacensis, Furnariidae, phylogeny, Pleistocene, Serra do Cipó. The genus Cinclodes Gray, 1840 (Furnariidae) and (3) the basal taxon, Long-tailed Cinclodes comprises 15 species (Remsen et al. -
Structure of Bird Assemblages in Dry and Seasonally Flooded Grasslands
Structure of bird assemblages in dry and seasonally flooded grasslands in Itirapina Ecological Station, São Paulo state Fieker, CZ.a*, Reis, MG.a and Dias Filho, MM.b aPós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil bDepartamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 6, 2011 – Accepted March 22, 2012 – Distributed February 28, 2013 (With 1 figure) Abstract Grasslands are characteristic physiognomies of the Brazilian Cerrado domain. One of last remnants of these threatened environments in the state of São Paulo is located in Itirapina Ecological Station, considered as an Important Bird Area (IBA). We investigated bird assemblages that use seasonally flooded grasslands, and predominantly dry grasslands, from August 2010 until July 2011. We focused on aspects of assemblage structure, and possible responses of birds to environmental changes. We recorded 76 species, of which 23.7% are threatened. Some basic aspects of assemblages were similar between environments, such as diversity descriptors, and the tendency of increase richness in the same periods. Other parameters differed between environments, such as absolute richness, recorded monthly (lower in seasonally flooded grasslands). Considering time dimension in analyses, we observed differences in assemblage structure over time, within and between environments. When birds were grouped in guilds, assemblage structure did also differ. We identified significant correlations between the abundance of some guilds and environmental variables. Changes in the availability of resources and microhabitats may affect structure and organization of the studied bird assemblages. -
Biodiversity Model Parameters Applied to the Brazilian Cerrado
Biodiversity model parameters applied to the Brazilian Cerrado How to cite this document: Kennedy, C.M., Sochi, K., Baumgarten, L., Hawthorne, P.L., and Miteva, D.A. (2014). Biodiversity model applied to the Brazilian Cerrado. The Nature Conservancy. Available at: http://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/EcosystemServices/tnc_dow _collaboration/brazil/Pages/default.aspx. This document summarizes the data used to parameterize the Polasky et al (2008) biodiversity model, which was applied to our study area in southeastern Brazil. The model predicts terrestrial species probability of persistence and species richness for a given landscape using three species-specific traits: (a) habitat suitability, (b) the amount of habitat required for a breeding pair, and (c) the ability of the species to move between patches of habitat. For a summary of the biodiversity model, refer to documentation provided on The Nature Conservancy website (listed above) and to Polasky et al (2008). Target species Because of data availability, we modeled bird and mammal species only. We identified species likely to occur in the study region based based on species distribution models and maps, field observations and on-the-ground surveys in our study area (Table 1). Our initial list included 701 species, which we narrowed to 554 birds and mammals whose modeled distributions overlapped 100% of the study area. In addition, we included 48 species whose distributions or occurrences overlapped ≥50% of the project area and 11 species whose IUCN status rankings were Critically Endangered, Endangered, Near Threatened or Vulnerable. We eliminated a select number of mammals and birds considered unlikely to occur in the region based on feedback by taxonomic experts familiar with the system (Pedro Develey and Emerson Monteiro Vieira, personal communication).