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Humanities & Social Sciences ;4 ISSN: 2413-9580 Volume 4 Number 2 November 2015 KIU Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Kampala International University KIU Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences ISSN: 2413-9580 Aims and Scope Information on lecturer and student discounts, single Kampala International University (KIU) Journal of issue rates, local sales representatives, and advertising Humanities and Social Sciences (KJHSS) publishes in the Journal are also available on the site. empirical articles, critical reviews and case studies that Copyright © 2015 Kampala International University are of interest to policy makers, scholars and Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of research or practitioners in the area of humanities and social private study, or criticism or review, and only as sciences. The Journal puts particular focus upon issues permitted under the Copyright Act, this publication that are of concern to the third world. It is the goal of may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any the Journal to advance knowledge and debate in the form or by any means, with the prior written field of social studies by providing a platform through permission of the Publisher. which scholars and practitioners can share their views, findings and experiences. Given the diverse nature of KJHSS is indexed online at www.kiu.ac.ug. social studies, contributions are accepted from a wide Notes for Contributors range of disciplines and preference is given to articles Contributors should adhere to the following that integrate multiple disciplinary perspectives. requirements: Length: 4000 to 6000 words. Format: Contributions that examine developments at national, Times New Roman; size 12 and 1.5 spacing. Structure: regional and continental level are particularly welcome. Even though articles may have other subsections as All the manuscripts received are subjected to review, by may be thought necessary by the author(s), the the Editor and at least two peers. The editorial policy following should be conspicuous: Introduction; of KJHSS aims at giving authors timely and Methodology; Findings; Discussion; Conclusions; and constructive feedback and the Journal is particularly Recommendations. Tables, diagrams, figures and pictures interested in assisting able researchers but who may be should be in their appropriate places in the body of the inexperienced in the area of publishing to develop the article and attached, in their original, format (e.g. jpeg) quality of their work to a level where it is acceptable for as separate files. Abstract: Articles should be publication. accompanied with an abstract of not more than 250 Editorial Board words. Keywords: After the abstract, the author(s) Doctor Jude Ssempebwa (Editor) should outline the keywords in the article, on whose Doctor Chiselebwe Ngandwe, University of Zambia basis it can be classified. Doctor David Onen, Makerere University Referencing: All citations must be referenced and Doctor Elizabeth N. Kuria, Kenyatta University contributors should adhere to the latest edition of the Doctor Fawz Mulumba, International Network of APA format. Submission: Manuscripts should be e- Education in East Africa mailed to the editor at [email protected] as word Doctor J. L. Nkata, Uganda Management Institute, attachments. Contributors may note that, although Doctor Jane Onsongo, Catholic University of Eastern reviews may be accepted, priority will be given to Africa scientific papers that are original and follow an Doctor Jude Ssebuwufu, Uganda Martyrs University interdisciplinary approach. Doctor Robert Esuruku, International Alert Peer review statement Ms. Jacqueline Nakaiza (editorial assistant) All the manuscripts published in KJHSS have been Professor J. C. S. Musaazi, Makerere University subjected to blind review by at least two peers. Professor Joel Babalola, University of Ibadan Professor Maicibi N. Allhas, Cavendish University Disclaimer Professor Martin E. Amin, University of Yaounde I KIU and the Management Board of KJHSS make every Professor P. Bower, Charleston Southern University effort to ensure the accuracy of the information Professor Sumil R. Novembrieta, KIU contained in the Journal. However, the University Distribution makes no representations or warranties whatsoever as KJHSS is published bi-annually, in June and to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any November. purpose of the content and disclaim all such Subscriptions (2015) representations and warranties whether express or Institutional rate: $150/£100; Personal rate: $10/£7. implied to the maximum extent permitted by law. Any Electronic access is available for members of views expressed in this publication are the views of the institutions with a print subscription. Further details on authors and are not necessarily the views of the Editor, subscriptions are available online at: KIU or their partners. www.kiu.ac.ug/kjhss. EDITORIAL Since its inception in 2000, Kampala As drastic changes in the world system are International University (KIU) has steadfastly presenting unprecedented challenges that are committed to its mission “to respond to rendering traditional disciplinary and national societal needs by designing and delivering an boundaries futile, the management board of education guided by the principles and values the KJHSS hopes that the geographical and of respect for society, economy and disciplinary diversity of these contributions environment and to provide and develop a will promote discussion and appreciation of supportive research environment in which contemporary challenges from an scholars at every stage of their career can internationally comparative perspective, flourish”. Indeed, it is in pursuit of this mission thereby contributing to solution of the latter. that the University’s then School of In fact, the board looks forward to more Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGS) submissions from scholars and practitioners launched the KIU Research Digest in 2007, as an on these and other areas—to develop the in-house multidisciplinary journal. Yet, fifteen discussion further. years into her existence, the University has Our sincere thanks go to our anonymous grown phenomenally, metamorphosing into a reviewers for their penetrating and collegiate, multi-country campus, system of constructive reviews. We are grateful that they organization. And as the University has take time off their busy schedules to advise on evolved, so has its research and publication the suitability of the many submissions strategy. Now in its fourth volume, and offered received for possible publication. Our authors as the KIU Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences also work very hard—addressing suggestions (KJHSS), the University’s journal has evolved for revisions and responding to editorial into an international outlet of peer-reviewed queries—so we thank them. Finally, we thank research in the humanities and social sciences the management and trustees of KIU for their with an international editorial board and indispensable support towards processes of diverse contributions from various parts of the the journal. continent. In this issue, contributions have been accepted from Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Editor. Nigeria, Zimbabwe and Uganda. The contributions touch on issues across the broad spectrum of the humanities and social sciences including politics, economics, development, sociology, social administration, social work, education and climate change. KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES ISSN: 2413-9580, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2, NOVEMBER 2015, P. 1 GEOSTRATEGIC CHALLENGES OF TERRORISM FOR INTEGRATION IN THE AFRICAN GREAT LAKES REGION Pontian G. Okoth Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya Abstract. Globalization exerts huge favourable effects on modern society. However, the negative side of globalization is emerging. In a globalized world, security can no longer be thought of as a zero-sum game involving states alone. Today terrorism continues to have chain reactions with destabilizing effects—creating chaos, threatening societies and undermining the foundations of institutions. With the transnational security concept constituting globalization, mediated security of states against new, diverse and intensified transnational treats, regional bodies in Africa have been important in responding to these threats. However, the validity of regional integration has been seen by many scholars as lacking due to mistrust amongst partner states, some of these arising from institutional weaknesses resulting from challenges like the threat of terrorism. There is near unanimous agreement that regional integration has failed to produce effective frameworks within which poverty and underdevelopment can be mitigated. This article assesses the impact of terrorism on integration in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. It examines how terrorism has helped regional states to come together to cooperate against the vice on one hand, while on the other, it has posed a challenge to integration—through fuelling mistrust amongst partner states. The article discusses recommendations for an energized regional integration effort. (EAC) and discusses the need for sub regional Introduction integration. It hypothesizes that terrorism One of the significant features of the world continues to pose geostrategic challenges to economy and politics from the second half of integration efforts in the GLR of Africa. The the twentieth century to date has been the challenges presented are twofold
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