Sjuttonhundratal Nordic Yearbook for Eighteenth-Century Studies Volume 12 2015 Sjuttonhundratal: Nordic Yearbook for Eighteenth-Century Studies An international multidisciplinary peer reviewed open access scholarly journal Published by Svenska sällskapet för 1700-talsstudier in cooperation with Suomen 1700-luvun tutkimuksen seura/Finska sällskapet för 1700-talsstudier Norsk selskap for 1700-tallsstudier Dansk selskab for 1700-talsstudier Félag um átjándu aldar fræði, Ísland Editor-in-chief: Professor David Dunér, Lund University, Sweden Co-editors: PhD, Associate Professor Johanna Ilmakunnas, University of Helsinki/ University of Turku, Finland; PhD Per Pippin Aspaas, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Assistant Professor Søren Peter Hansen, Technical University of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark; Professor Lasse Horne Kjældgaard, Roskilde University, Denmark; PhD Hrefna Róbertsdóttir, National Archives of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland Review editors: PhD My Hellsing, Uppsala University, Sweden; Associate Professor Henrika Tandefelt, University of Helsinki, Finland; PhD Øystein Lydik Idsø Viken, University of Oslo, Norway; PhD Jens Bjerring-Hansen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Professor Margrét Eggertsdóttir, The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic studies, Reykjavík, Iceland Language consultant: PhD Mark Davies, Lund University, Sweden Open Access adviser: Jan Erik Frantsvåg, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Editorial board: Professor Anna Agnarsdóttir, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Professor Marie-Theres Federhofer, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Professor Pasi Ihalainen, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Piret Lotman, National Library of Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia; Professor Anne-Marie Mai, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Associate Professor Jonas Nordin, Royal Library, Stockholm, Sweden © Sjuttonhundratal & the authors 2015 Typesetting: Henri Terho Printing: Pozkal, Poland 2015 ISSN 1652-4772 (printed version) ISSN 2001-9866 (electronic version) Sjuttonhundratal 2015 DAVID DUNÉR et al.: Introduction: Time and History | 7 ANNE ERIKSEN: How to Study History: Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy and the Heritage of ars historica | 13 GUÐRÚN INGÓLFSDÓTTIR & ÞÓRUNN SIGURÐARDÓTTIR: “thi all vores lærdom er dog mesten halfverk og stumpeviis”: en islandsk litteraturhistorie fra det 18. århund- rede | 32 SUMARLIÐI R. ÍSLEIFSSON: Images of Iceland and Greenland in the Late Seventeenth and First Half of the Eighteenth Century | 55 JUHA-MATTI GRANQVIST: The Businessmen of Sveaborg: Civil–Military Interaction in an Atypical Eighteenth Century Nordic Military Town | 73 SAMPSA HATAKKA: The Provisioning of the Military Construction Workers of Sveaborg 1747–1752: The Magazine Supply System in Peacetime | 95 ANNE-SOPHIE MICHEL: Une communauté d’artistes et d’artisans français à l’étranger : le cas des sculpteurs au château royal de Stockholm au XVIIIe siècle | 117 FRIEDEMANN STENGEL: Johan Ernst Gunnerus and the Quest for the Soul in the Eighteenth Century | 132 MERETHE ROOS: To forsvar for teologien: trykkefrihet og teologiske tekstkulturer i sven- ske og danske tidsskrifter på slutten av 1700-tallet | 161 TROND BJERKÅS: Fra eneveldets scene mot representative forsamlinger: visitasen som of- fentlig arena i Norge, ca. 1750–1850 | 183 SHORT ESSAYS: PER PIPPIN ASPAAS: Tidsskrifter for 1700-tallsstudier – quo vadimus? | 212 NOÉMI KISS-DEÁKI & JEZZICA ISRAELSSON: Vardagsliv under 1700-talet: upplevt, samlevt, utlevt | 229 3 DISSERTATIONS: TIINA HEMMINKI, Vauraus, luotto, luottamus: talonpoikien lainasuhteet Pohjanlahden molemmin puolin 1796–1830, review by Mika Kallioinen | 232 LINDA HINNERS, De fransösiske handtwerkarne vid Stockholms slott 1693–1713: yrkesroller, organisa- tion, arbetsprocesser, review by Mikkel Venborg Pedersen | 234 LINN HOLMBERG, The Forgotten Encyclopedia: The Maurists’ Dictionary of Arts, Crafts, and Sciences, the Unrealized Rival of the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert, review by Maria Simonsen | 237 KRISTINA NORDSTRÖM, Det sanna snillet: genus och geni hos Thomas Thorild, review by Kristina Fjelkestam | 240 MARIA NYMAN, Resandets gränser: svenska resenärers skildringar av Ryssland under 1700-talet, review by Joachim Östlund | 242 ØYSTEIN LYDIK IDSØ VIKEN, Frygte Gud og ære Kongen: preikestolen som politisk instrument i Noreg 1720–1814, review by Steinar Supphellen | 245 LITERATURE: JEAN-CHRISTOPHE ABRAMOVICI, Encre de sang: Sade écrivain, review by Sven Björkman | 248 MARTE RYE BÅRDSEN, Cicignon in Trondheim, review by Rainer Knapas | 250 BENGT BERGIUS, Tal om läckerheter, review by David Dunér | 252 JENS BJERRING-HANSEN, Ludvig Holberg på bogmarkedet: studier i Peder Paars og den litterære kultur i 1700- og 1800-tallet, review by Rolv Nøtvik Jakobsen | 254 GUSTAV BJÖRKSTRAND, Jacob Tengström: universitetsman, kyrkoledare och nationsbyggare, review by Anna Lindén | 255 PHILIP FORD, JAN BLOEMENDAL & CHARLES FANTAZZI (eds.), Brill’s Encyclopaedia of the Neo- Latin World, review by Per Pippin Aspaas | 257 GUÐRÚN ÁSA GRÍMSDÓTTIR (ed.), Ættartölusafnrit séra Þórðar Jónssonar í Hítardal I–II, review by Gunnar Örn Hannesson | 259 GUÐNÝ HALLGRÍMSDÓTTIR, Sagan af Guðrúnu Ketilsdóttur: einsögurannsókn á ævi 18. aldar vin- nukonu, review by Gunnþórunn Guðmundsdóttir | 261 RUTH HEMSTAD, Propagandakrig: kampen om Norge i Norden og Europa 1812–1814, review by Martin Hårdstedt | 263 MIKKO HUHTAMIES, Pohjolan Atlantis: uskomattomia ideoita Itämerellä, review by Päivi Maria Pihlaja | 265 MAREN JONASSON & PERTTI HYTTINEN (eds.), Anders Chydenius samlade skrifter 1–3, review by Jani Marjanen | 267 MÁR JÓNSSON, Arnas Magnæus philologus (1663–1730), review by Richard Sharpe | 269 OLOF KÅHRSTRÖM (ed.), För den värmländska lanthushållningens väl: landshövdingar, akademiker och hushållningssällskap i arbete för agrar modernisering 1790–1820 skildrat i samtida och nyskrivna texter, review by Thomas Kaiserfeld | 271 JUSSI T. LAPPALAINEN, Kustaa III:n maasota: Savo ja Kymenlaakso 1788–1790, review by Christer Kuvaja | 273 KÅRE LAURING, Slaverne dansede og holdt sig lystige: en fortælling om den danske slavehandel, review by Klas Rönnbäck | 276 4 TUE ANDERSEN NEXØ, Ikke de voldsomme: politisk offentlighed og offentlig skønlitteratur, England 1640–1750, review by Mona Renate Ringvej | 277 JONAS NORDIN, Versailles: slottet, parken, livet, review by Alexander Engström | 279 OSMO PEKONEN & ANOUCHKA VASAK, Maupertuis en Laponie : À la recherche de la figure de la Terre, review by Jeanne Peiffer | 280 GEIR POLLEN, Armfeldts armé: historien om en katastrofe, review by Øystein Rian | 282 TORE PRYSER, 1814 i Oppland: bønder, øvrighet og soldater, review by Knut Sprauten | 284 ØYSTEIN RIAN, Sensuren i Danmark-Norge: vilkårene for offentlige ytringer 1536–1814, review by Henrik Horstbøll | 287 ERLING SANDMO, Tid for historie, review by Claus Møller Jørgensen | 289 JØRGEN MAGNUS SEJERSTED & SEBASTIAN OLDEN-JØRGENSEN (eds.), Historikeren Ludvig Hol- berg, review by Thor Inge Rørvik | 290 DEBORAH SIMONTON & ANNE MONTENACH (eds.), Female Agency in the Urban Economy: Gender in European Towns, 1640–1830, review by Klas Nyberg | 294 MARIE-CHRISTINE SKUNCKE, Carl Peter Thunberg: Botanist and Physician: Career-Building Across the Oceans in the Eighteenth Century, review by Anna Svensson | 295 CHRISTIAAN STERKEN & PER PIPPIN ASPAAS (eds.), Meeting Venus: A Collection of Papers Presen- ted at the Venus Transit Conference in Tromsø 2012, review by Bjørn Ragnvald Pettersen | 297 FREDRIK THISNER, Indelta inkomster: en studie av det militära löneindelningsverket 1721–1833, re- view by Martin Hårdstedt | 299 THOMAS WALLNIG, JOHANNES FRIMMEL & WERNER TELESKO (eds.), 18th Century Studies in Austria 1945–2010, review by Martin Almbjär | 301 CATARINA WELIN & SAMPO HONKALA, Per Otto Adelborg 1781–1818: krigare med vass penna, re- view by Bo Lundström | 302 CONTRIBUTORS | 306 5 Introduction: Time and History The modern conception of time and history was invented in the eighteenth cen- tury. In historical writing, in philosophy, politics, astronomy and geology, a new set of ideas for understanding human temporality emerged. The long time lines were discovered, in which there was a time before humans, before human civiliza- tion, and that the history of our civilization is only a fraction of the history of universe. Time also got a particular direction. Humans became historical beings; or, in other words, knowledge, culture and society were not seen as something pre-existing but rather created by human beings: evolving, resting on the expe- riences and actions of previous generations in a cumulative process leading to the development of knowledge, behaviour, and life conditions, or what is called the ‘idea of progress.’ In Christian thinking, time was linear, had a beginning and an end, enclosed between Creation and the Last Judgement. According to one of the late defenders of biblical chronology, Johann Albrecht Bengel in the middle of the eighteenth century, the world was created in 3943 BC, at the beginning of autumn, more spe- cifically on 10 October. Adam was created, accordingly, on the sixth day, 15 Octo- ber. However, an increasing awareness emerged that there were some unavoidable circumstances contradicting this narrow biblical timescale and a history based on a Christian narrative. Historians and philosophers of the Enlightenment brought a growing effort to explain historical events not in terms of Providence, but by reason. A rationalist text-critical movement, begun