DOCSLIB.ORG

Spiritualit-, Hoksm and Heaiing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spiritualit-, Hoksm and Heaiing Spiritualit-,Hoksm and HeaIing Among the Liikota Sioux: Towards an Understandimg of ~ndigenous~edicine BpJonathan H. ELby A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studiei of The University of Manitoba ~nprtial fuli;Ihient of the requisement. for the degr- of ~nterditmi~linar~Degree Pwamin Native Studier Univertig of Manitoba Winnipeg, ~anitoba,Canada 0 June 2000 National tibrary Bibliothbque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON KlAON4 Ottawa ON KlAON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforni, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in dus thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE OF EWVITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES .f.t. COPYRiGHT PERMISSIOX PAGE SpirituaIity, ~olimiand ~eaLirigAmong the Lakota Sioux: Tovards an ~nderstandingof Indigenou. ~edicine Jonathan H. Ellerbr A Thesie submitted to the ~acu1t-yof Graduate Studies of the University of ~anitobain partial CulfiUment of the requirernente of the degree of Master of Arts Jonathan H. Ellerbr 02000 Permission has been ented to the &av of the University of ~anitobato lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the ~ationdL.ibrary of Canada, to microfilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and to University Microfilms Inc. to publish an abmtract of thia thesis. This reproduction or copj of this thesir has been made available by authority of the copyright mersolely for the purpoee of private .ady and reaearch, and may only be teproduced and copied as pennitted by copyright lavi or vith express vritten authorization fmm the cop~ghtmer. Dedication william E. ELlerby, mpDad, Who brought me into and through thia world 6thlove and wiwlom, alvap ~wïxagme the beit he had and the best he bn-; and Gene Thin ELh, rny Atë who ha. been my gmd triend, aise mentor, and loving teocher on thia vonderfd Human Journey. This cycle of unnatural living im in direct contrait to the Original Teachinga of our people. We mult utilize out ceremonie~and belief vitemi ta break Ais unnaturial cycle. We mrut becorne whole once again, in balance, va- the ua-d ~edRad. - Gono fiin EIL, Sian'&, Sioux ~et'iput our minds togethet and eee vhat kind of future we can make for ou.children. - Sitting BJ,Hun'Lrpnpo, Sioux contents: ~reface I Wanjil chiaPtet 1 ~ntroduction I Sun'pa Chapter 2 Research Deuign ad eth ho do log^ 21 Ya'mni Chapter 3 Literature Reviev 41 To'pa Chapte 4 Fieldvotk and ~e~ond 60 Za' th Chapte 5 Principlee of Lkota ~eaLngr 96 1. Ta'L W&: The Rolc of the Spiritual World in Heak 2. üIc in 1 Spitit"alJoum- 3. Hohm: An Integrad ~~~roIch 4. On'upeppi: Bahce 5. &ta EtioIogy of Diseue 6. He&g Vmiu Cur+ 7. Spiritual Medicine B. Oh'h&pichaimi: Mystery 9. Indmduality: Dki~adPlunhm in He& 10. hfitakye Opsin: The ~eaLingP-er of ReLtionahip 11. ChlnglelihWaBn: Satura1 P-i 1 2. Dreama and Viions: The Reality of SpirituaI Interface 13. The Patient as HeJer 14. The Seventh Direction: Prevention and HeaLg Through Understanding the Self 15. Cuite' Iita: He&g Through Feeling 16. Wakan'tanka: The Existene of God Sa'kpe Chqter 6 Cmclusions and ~ossibilities 159 Sakolwin Chpter 7 ~eturnto The Seventh Direction Appendix A Description of Common Labota Cerernonie~ 173 Appendix B Six Basic Classes of Lakota ~ealers 177 en en dix C The Lakota Lnderstanding of walon'tanbil Gloimary and Lakota Pmnunciation 188 Hmrnitakqxpi. Anpeîu ki'le rnimte etan wowagalake. My relatives, 1 would like to peteach of you with a good handshake; in this work 1 speak fiom my heart. My name is Jonathan Ellerby, 1 am Jewish and was bom in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where I was raised. As well 1 grew up spending three months ofevery year in Lake of the Woods, Ontario, where rny family owns a cabin on an island in Ptannigan Bay. In many ways, 1 consider that area of Lake of the Woods my nie home. 1 was born to Isabel and Bill Ellerby. Both sides of my mom's family were Jewish and came fiom Odessa, Russia. My grandmother, Sadie Shein, was a first generation Canadian, and my grandfather, Lou Trepel, was bom in Russia. My father's parents were third and fourth generation Canadians and trace their roots largely fiom Scotland, and to some degree fiom England as well. Writing this thesis put me in a very difficult place. Many academics will reject my unonhodox style and inclusion of Indigenous ways of knowing and sharing information. On the other hand, many Indigenous people will reject sorne of the content and condemn me as a non-Indigenous person writing so candidly about sacred subjects iike healing and the Spirit World. I acknowledge both positions as valid and important. Nevertheless, 1 have tned to write a paper that demonstrates both my academic sophistication and knowledge of the literature, and a deep respect for and understanding of Lakota healing and spirituality . 1 understand that some things are not meant to be studied. Some things are inherently beyond matenalistic examination and evduation. For many Indigenous people, spiritual leaders, and traditional healers, Indigenous medicine and spirituaiity are matters that should remain beyond the microscope, beyond study and the -en word. The strange path of history however, has made it such that the non-Indigenous study and understanding of Indigenous spirituaiity and heaiing has bemme essential to the healing of Indigenous nations. If non-Indigenous institutions are to provide culturally appropriate care and to support Indigenous systems of healing, a meaningfûl understanding of Indigenous healing must come first. 1 have undertaken this project to contribute to the preservation and strengthening of Indigenous healing traditions through education. The maintenance of traditional healing ways is a matter of central importance to many Indigenous nations and chesimplications for al1 people. The health and fieedom of one nation shapes the health and fieedom of dl. In his autobiography, Sacred Fireplace, revereû Lakota Holy Man, Pete Catches shares a prayer for his readers. 1 respecttiilly offer these good words as a prayer for those who read this: May the Great Spirit's love, and in His goodness, bless you. The Great Spirit will bless those people who may read this book. 1 pray He will implant in their hearts a love and compassion for the sick. If we can each in our own way, and according to Our own means, be able to lend a hand to others, then we know that we live in the light of the Great spirit.' Catches. P. S. and P. V. Ce.Sacruj FmOwti Wh:LXe and TeacbiLlgs of a Lakoîa Medicine Man, Santa Fe, NM:CIear Light. 1999. 35. 1 would like to mend my deepest love and gratitude to my family in Wase Wakpa, both immediate and extended, 6iends and Eiders. WoPih(deep gratitude) to my Lakota mom, and al1 my brothers and sisters (big and smali), Grandma, and my Kola, 1 have learned so much fiom each of you about family, love and relationships - the essence of he Jing. As well, 1 want to express my gratitude to my own family and niends who have encouraged and supponed me throughout my academic work and spiritual adventures Wo;DiIato Rachel, who shared rnuch of the joumey in this Mastds pro- with me and helped me with cntical thought, love and support. Wo@iIato James for king my aernal academic colleague and spiritual brother. Wo 'pila to my wmmittee: Chris, Yvonne, Stan, and David, for supporting my creativity and spiritual Vision of acadernic work. 1 am honoured to have had each of you involved; a more gifted cornmittee in mind and spirit 1 cannot imagine. A special wojpila to Joe, who showed great support, interest and unconditional regard for me throughout this process. Wo'pila to the additional reviewers of this paper, Barbara and Gladys, Marlyn, Cathy, Laura, John, and Mark, who gave of their time and wisdom. My deepest gratitude to my mom who read through my work as it unfolded, and has always supponed me unconditionally in al1 that 1 do. A special wo'pila to my brother Lawrence who gave so much of himself to a detailed reading of this, and for his companionship on our parallel journeys. Also to my siaa Shauna for her support and readings. Finally, to Gene, Atë, what cm 1 say that you dont already know: with al1 my love, woipiia. 1 mua extend additional gratihide to the Indigenous traditionad healen and spinmal leaders who unknowingly contributcd to my work through ou.association during the time of my writing process. To Calvin; Fabian, Clem, and Bill; Don Umberto and Don Francisco: wo'pil;a. To the reader, wo pila, 1 am thankfbl that you have taken hme to read this. 1 encourage you to read it with an open heart and mind. 1 believe that you will find an original contribution to the literature, and a persona1 experience that wifl nourish your own understanding and expenence of healing in yow life.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: the Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions
    Syracuse University SURFACE David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Child and Family Studies - Dissertations Dynamics 5-2013 Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions Yan Wang Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yan, "Socio-Cultural Influences on Adolescent Smoking in Mainland China: The Mediating Role of Smoking-Related Cognitions" (2013). Child and Family Studies - Dissertations. 67. https://surface.syr.edu/cfs_etd/67 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Child and Family Studies - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The etiology of smoking behaviors involves the interplay among multiple systems at the cultural, familial, and personal levels, but few investigations have explored the effects of multiple environments on adolescent smoking behaviors. Survey data were collected from 658 parent- child dyads of Chinese adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years from Jiande, Zhejiang province in mainland China. Using data from multiple informants, the direct and indirect roles of socio-cultural influences, parenting strategies, smoking-specific parenting behaviors, and smoking-related cognitions on adolescent smoking behaviors were examined. Results indicated that smoking-related cultural values, extended family members smoking, and parental psychological control had direct effects on Chinese adolescents smoking behaviors. Smoking- related cultural values, parent smoking, and health-related values had indirect effects on adolescent smoking behaviors through smoking-related cognitions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Life Expectancy Between 1980 and 2010: a Global Perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1
    Downloaded from http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/ on June 30, 2017 - Published by group.bmj.com Research paper The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective E Rentería,1 P Jha,2 D Forman,1 I Soerjomataram1 ▸ Additional material is ABSTRACT variation in the distribution of cause-specific published online only. To view Introduction Tobacco smoking is among the leading deaths5 are some of the challenges in the applica- please visit the journal online (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ causes of preventable mortality worldwide. We assessed tion of these methods to data from LMICs. tobaccocontrol-2015-052265). the impact of smoking on life expectancy worldwide This study aims to estimate the impact of smoking 1 between 1980 and 2010. on life expectancy worldwide and the trends over Section of Cancer fi Surveillance, International Methods We retrieved cause-speci c mortality data time between 1980 and 2010. We propose a revi- Agency for Research on from the WHO Mortality Database by sex, year and age sion of the original method developed by Peto and Cancer, Lyon, France for 63 countries with high or moderate quality data colleagues that takes into account national accumu- 2 Centre for Global Health (1980–2010). Using the time of the peak of the lated exposure to smoking and smoking-related risk Research (CGHR), St. Michael’s smoking epidemic by country, relative risks from the of dying, anchored to the country’s position within Hospital and Dalla Lana School 6 of Public Health, University of three waves of the Cancer Prevention Study were applied the smoking epidemic continuum.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking in China: Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey
    ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Smoking in China Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey Gonghuan Yang, MD Context As the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China Lixin Fan, MS bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic. Jian Tan, MD Objective To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control ini- Guoming Qi, MD tiatives in China. Yifang Zhang, MD Design and Setting A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item question- Jonathan M. Samet, MD, MS naire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowl- edge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was adminis- Carl E. Taylor, MD, DrPH tered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through Karen Becker, DVM, MPH July 1996. Jing Xu, MS, MSPH Participants A nationally representative random sample of 128 766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120 298 (93.8%) provided data and were S THE WORLD’S LARGEST PRO- included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas ducer and consumer of to- and one third were from urban areas. bacco, China bears a substan- Main Outcome Measures Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smok- tial proportion of the global ing patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey con- burdenA of smoking-related disease.1 Of ducted in 1984. China’s population of 1.2 billion, more Results A total of 41 187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, account- than 300 million men and 20 million ing for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points women are smokers, making China the since 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • News Analysis
    304 Tobacco Control 2001;10:304–308 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.10.4.304c on 1 December 2001. Downloaded from NEWS ANALYSIS declines in tobacco use. The states of the 1980s, the United States Tobacco All articles written by David Simp- California and Massachusetts have Company targeted non-smoking son unless otherwise attributed. conducted well funded comprehen- young males with low nicotine, snuV Ideas and items for News Analysis sive tobacco control campaigns. Both starter products. The company should be sent to David Simpson at campaigns have aggressively passed employed a “graduation” strategy that the address given on the inside tobacco control policies including intended new users to “graduate” up front cover. taxation, eliminating public smoking, to higher nicotine brands over time. aggressive counter-advertising, crack- Among US 17–18 year old males, oral downs on tobacco sales to minors, snuV use soared from 0.3% in 1970 to and treatment of smokers. In 1998, 2.9% in 1985, an eightfold increase. A Suckers today, the male smoking rate for California Washington State study found that was 15.1% and Massachusetts 15%. snuV became a nicotine entry product smokers tomorrow? In 1999, male use of chewing tobacco for young males who switched to ciga- A recent Industry Watch (Tobacco and snuV was only 2.4% in California. rette smoking as they grew older. Control; 2001;10:253–7) explored an Massachusetts stopped measuring Tobacco companies—Swedish or “experiment in progress”—the use of snuV use when it fell below 1% in American—want to make money and snus (oral snuV) by Sweden’s males as 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Life-Course Smoking Behavior in China
    HEALTH ECONOMICS Health Econ. 18: S147–S156 (2009) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hec.1507 AN ANALYSIS OF LIFE-COURSE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN CHINA DON KENKELa,b, DEAN R. LILLARDa,c,Ã and FENG LIUd aCornell University, Policy Analysis and Management, NY, USA bNational Bureau of Economic Research, USA cDeutsches Institu¨tfu¨r Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin dShanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China SUMMARY With a total population of more than 1.3 billion people where more than 31% of adults smoke, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of cigarettes. We adopt a life-course perspective to study the economics of smoking behavior in China. We use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to follow individuals over their whole lives and to analyze their decisions to both start and stop smoking. We extend the small but growing body of economic research on smoking in China. Our life-course approach emphasizes that current smoking participation reflects a decision to start and a series of past decisions to not quit. We explore how the determinants of smoking initiation differ from the determinants of smoking cessation. We find results, consistent with some previous empirical evidence, that Chinese smoking is not strongly related to the price of cigarettes. Based on our results, we offer some speculative hypotheses that, we hope, might guide future research on the economics of smoking in China. It seems especially useful to compare the broad patterns we document with the experiences of other countries. Copyright r 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 11 Smoking and Oral Tobacco
    Chapter 11 Smoking and oral tobacco use Majid Ezzati and Alan D. Lopez Summary Smoking has been causally associated with increased mortality from several diseases. This chapter provides global and regional estimates of premature mortality and disease burden in 2000 caused by tobacco use, including an analysis of uncertainty. It also describes a method for esti- mating the future burden of disease that could be avoided through smoking cessation or prevention. Comparable data, especially age-specific data, on the prevalence of smoking are often unavailable or inaccurate. More importantly, current prevalence of smoking is a poor proxy for cumulative hazards of smoking, which depend on factors such as age at which smoking began, duration of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, cigarette characteristics such as tar and nicotine content or filter type, and smoking behaviour such as degree of inhalation. We used the smoking impact ratio (SIR) as a marker for accumulated smoking risk. SIR uses lung cancer mortality in excess of never-smokers as a biological marker for accumulated hazards of smoking. Lung cancer mortality data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) mortality database. Never- smoker lung cancer mortality rates were estimated based on the house- hold use of coal in unvented stoves for each subregion.1 Age–sex-specific SIR was divided into three categories: zero, medium (0 < SIR £ 0.5), and high (0.5 < SIR £ 1.0). Estimates of mortality and disease burden due to smoking were made for lung cancer, upper aerodigestive cancer, all other cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other respiratory diseases, car- diovascular diseases and selected other medical causes.
    [Show full text]
  • Download” As They Are Whisked Away Into a Multidimensional Realm That Cameras Cannot Go
    ALTAR STATES: SPIRIT WORLDS AND TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCES ____________ A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Social Science ____________ by © Peter Treagan 2019 Summer 2019 ALTAR STATES: SPIRIT WORLDS AND TRANSFORMATIONAL EXPERIENCES A Project by Peter Treagan Summer 2019 APPROVED BY THE INTERIM DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES: _________________________________ Sharon Barrios, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: _________________________________ _________________________________ Eugenie Rovai, Ph.D. Sarah Pike, Ph.D., Chair Graduate Coordinator _________________________________ Celeste Jones, Ph.D. _________________________________ Randy Larsen, Ph.D. PUBLICATION RIGHTS No portion of this project may be reprinted or reproduced in any manner unacceptable to the usual copyright restrictions without the written permission of the author. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the future ancestors living in harmony with Nature. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am forever grateful for my committee and family; your endless patience and support made all of this possible. Many thanks to the Idea Fab Labs for providing 24- hour access to the facility, training with the high-tech tools, and the creative space for unexpected collaborations throughout the process. Thank you to the MFA Gallery and Museum of Anthropology at CSU Chico for the opportunity to exhibit my work to the public and making the vision a reality. Special thanks to the talented musicians who contributed original compositions to the Altar States soundscape: Chelu de la Isla, The Sámi Brothers, Flow State, GeOMetrae, Anahata Sacred Sound Current, Puka, and Shimshai & Susana. For the inspiration and encouragement to create and share this artwork, infinite thanks to Chances R Good, Makhno Mata, Alfredo Zagaceta, Juan Carlos Taminchi, Michael Divine, and Alex & Allyson Grey.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 China Tobacco Control Report
    2007 China Tobacco Control Report - Create a Smoke-Free Environment, Enjoy a Healthy Life - Office of the Leading Small Group for Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Ministry of Health PRC Beijing May 2007 Table of Contents PREFACE................................................................................................................................2 I. HAZARDS TO HEALTH CAUSED BY PASSIVE SMOKING................................................4 1. SMOKE INHALED THROUGH PASSIVE SMOKING CONTAINS MANY TOXINS AND CARCINOGENS .......4 2. THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A “SAFE LEVEL” OF EXPOSURE TO SECONDHAND SMOKE ...............4 3. PASSIVE SMOKING CAUSES SERIOUS HAZARDS TO PEOPLE’S HEALTH, ESPECIALLY IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN ..............................................................................................................................6 II. A MINIMUM OF 500 MILLION IN CHINA ARE EXPOSED TO THE HAZARDS OF PASSIVE SMOKING................................................................................................................9 1. A GREAT MANY PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO SECONDHAND SMOKE ..............................................9 2. VENUES WITH SECONDHAND SMOKE ARE WIDESPREAD.........................................................10 3. A GREAT MANY FACTORS AFFECT PASSIVE SMOKING .............................................................10 III. LAW ENACTMENT IS A KEY MEASURE TO BAN SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES .....12 1. SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN TOBACCO CONTROL THROUGH LAW ENACTMENT 12
    [Show full text]
  • Building a Smoking Society: Culture and Ecology of the Tobacco
    BUILDING A SMOKING SOCIETY: CULTURE AND ECOLOGY OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY IN NORTH CHINA, 1902-1937 By SIKANG SONG A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of History MAY 2017 © Copyright by SIKANG SONG, 2017 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by SIKANG SONG, 2017 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of SIKANG SONG find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ______________________________________ David A. Pietz, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Jeffrey C. Sanders, Ph.D., Co-Chair ___________________________________ Heather E. Streets-Salter, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Noriko Kawamura, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my advisor Dr. David A. Pietz for his continuous support of my research and life, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and invaluable knowledge. Without his guidance and persistent help, this dissertation would not have been possible. I also would like to express my immense gratitude to my committee members, Dr. Jeffery C. Sanders, Dr. Heather E. Streets-Salter, and Dr. Noriko Kawamura, whose expertise and dedication to Environmental History, World History, and East Asian Studies inspired me greatly. Their assistance and knowledge accompanied me on my graduate career at Washington State University. I am also very grateful for the WSU History Department and Graduate School providing me years of financial assistance for my study and living in Pullman. Especially, the Claudius O. and Mary W. Johnson Research Fellowship and the Conney Family Graduate Fellowship from the History Department supported my travels to China and allowed me to gather historical records and sources for my research in various locations there.
    [Show full text]
  • Cigarette Smoking and Poverty in China
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Social Science & Medicine 63 (2006) 2784–2790 www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed Cigarette smoking and poverty in China Yuanli Liua,Ã, Keqin Raob, Teh-wei Huc, Qi Sund, Zhenzhong Maoe aHarvard School of Public Health, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA bCenter for Health Statistics and Information, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China cUniversity of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA dBeijing University, Beijing, PR China eSichuan University, Chengdu, PR China Available online 7 September 2006 Abstract Drawing on the 1998 China national health services survey data, this study estimated the poverty impact of two smoking-related expenses: excessive medical spending attributable to smoking and direct spending on cigarettes. The excessive medical spending attributable to smoking is estimated using a regression model of medical expenditure with smoking status (current smoker, former smoker, never smoker) as part of the explanatory variables, controlling for people’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The poverty impact is measured by the changes in the poverty head count, after smoking-related expenses are subtracted from income. We found that the excessive medical spending attributable to smoking may have caused the poverty rate to increase by 1.5% for the urban population and by 0.7% for the rural population. To a greater magnitude, the poverty headcount in urban and rural areas increased by 6.4% and 1.9%, respectively, due to the direct household spending on cigarettes. Combined, the excessive medical spending attributable to smoking and consumption spending on cigarettes are estimated to be responsible for impoverishing 30.5 million urban residents and 23.7 million rural residents in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Findings from the ITC Project in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea
    China CDC Weekly Commentary Achieving the Goals of Healthy China 2030 Depends on Increasing Smoking Cessation in China: Comparative Findings from the ITC Project in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea Geoffrey T. Fong1,2,#; Jiang Yuan3; Lorraine V. Craig1; Steve Shaowei Xu1; Gang Meng1; Anne C.K. Quah1; Hong-Gwan Seo4; Sungkyu Lee5; Itsuro Yoshimi6; Kota Katanoda6; Takahiro Tabuchi7 smoking as the leading cause of death in China. The Summary magnitude of the death and disease caused by smoking Tobacco smoking is the number one preventable cause in China far exceeds China’s position as the most of disease and death in China as it is globally. Indeed, populated country in the world: although China the toll of smoking in China is much greater than its represents 18.5% of the global population, it suffers status as the world’s most populous country. There is a one-third of annual global deaths from smoking (7.1 persistent and continuing need for China to implement million) and secondhand smoke (1.2 million) (2). The the measures specified in the global tobacco control economic cost of smoking is also extraordinary, treaty, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated to be as high as 368 billion CNY (3). Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), The goal of Healthy China 2030 is to reduce non- which China ratified in 2005. The theme for the 2021 communicable diseases (NCD) deaths by 30%. But WHO World No Tobacco Day focuses on the need to this cannot be achieved without great reductions in support smoking cessation.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Reactions to the Cigarette Control Regulation on a Chinese Microblogging Platform: Empirical Analysis
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Wen et al Original Paper Public Reactions to the Cigarette Control Regulation on a Chinese Microblogging Platform: Empirical Analysis Wanting Wen1,2*, MSc; Zhu Zhang1,3*, PhD; Ziqiang Li1, MSc; Jiaqi Liang1, PhD; Yongcheng Zhan4, PhD; Daniel D Zeng1,2,3, PhD; Scott J Leischow5, PhD 1State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3Shenzhen Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Institute (Longhua), Shenzhen, China 4Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States 5College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States *these authors contributed equally Corresponding Author: Wanting Wen, MSc State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences 95 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing, 100190 China Phone: 86 13488793849 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: On January 1, 2019, a new regulation on the control of smoking in public places was officially implemented in Hangzhou, China. On the day of the implementation, a large number of Chinese media reported the contents of the regulation on the microblog platform Weibo, causing a strong response from and heated discussion among netizens. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a content and network analysis to examine topics and patterns in the social media response to the new regulation. Methods: We analyzed all microblogs on Weibo that mentioned and explained the regulation in the first 8 days following the implementation.
    [Show full text]