DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Free Amino Acids in German Convenience Food Products: Marked Mismatch Between Label Information and Composition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Free Amino Acids in German Convenience Food Products: Marked Mismatch Between Label Information and Composition European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 88–98 & 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0954-3007/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL ARTICLE Patterns of free amino acids in German convenience food products: marked mismatch between label information and composition M Hermanussen1, U Gonder2, C Jakobs3, D Stegemann4 and G Hoffmann4 1University of Kiel Germany, Aschauhof, Altenhof, Germany; 2Nutritionist, Hu¨nstetten, Germany; 3Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University, Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and 4Department of General Pediatrics, Children’s University Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany Background/Objectives: Free amino acids affect food palatability. As information on amino acids in frequently purchased pre- packaged food is virtually absent, we analyzed free amino acid patterns of 17 frequently purchased ready-to-serve convenience food products, and compared them with the information obtained from the respective food labels. Subjects/Methods: Quantitative amino acid analysis was performed using ion-exchange chromatography. g-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were verified using a stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The patterns of free amino acids were compared with information obtained from food labels. Results: An obvious mismatch between free amino acid patterns and food label information was detected. Even on considering that tomatoes and cereal proteins are naturally rich in glutamate, the concentrations of free glutamate outranged the natural concentration of this amino acid in several products, and strongly suggested artificial enrichment. Free glutamate was found to be elevated even in dishes that explicitly state ‘no glutamate added’. Arginine was markedly elevated in lentils. Free cysteine was generally low, possibly reflecting thermal destruction of this amino acid during food processing. The meat and brain-specific dipeptide carnosine (CARN) was present in most meat-containing products. Some products did not contain detectable amounts of CARN in spite of meat content being claimed on the food labels. We detected GABA at concentrations that contribute significantly to the taste sensation. Conclusion: This investigation highlights a marked mismatch between food label information and food composition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 88–98; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.116; published online 23 September 2009 Keywords: amino acids; convenience food; GABA; glutamate; monosodium glutamate Introduction humans (Finlayson et al., 2007), with food palatability being the strongest predictor of food intake when availability is not Louis-Sylvestre et al. (1984) showed in rats that the daily limited (Mattes, 2008). Recent innovations in food techno- presentation of a new choice of palatable food led to a logy using fermentation, extraction, encapsulation, fat sustained increase in nutrient intake and to overweight, and replacement and many other techniques, leading to new concluded that variety and high palatability are per se food ingredients, reduction or removal of undesirable sufficient factors to overcome weight-regulatory mechan- food components, addition of specific functional ingredi- isms. A complex reward system with distinct ‘liking’ ents, modification of food composition and masking of (hedonic/affective) and ‘wanting’ (incentive salience/moti- undesirable flavors (Hsieh and Ofori, 2007), further vation) components mediates food choice, controls appetite improved palatability. Consumption of convenience food and helps regulate the overall nutrient consumption also in (percentage of total food intake) increases with age from approximately 3% in 3- to 8-year-old children to 7% in 14- to Correspondence: Professor M Hermanussen, University of Kiel Germany, 18-year-old boys and to 5% in 14- to 18-year-old girls. Aschauhof 3, Altenhof 24340, Germany. Currently, German adolescents consume more than 700 E-mail: [email protected] Received 24 April 2009; revised 30 July 2009; accepted 5 August 2009; chemically designed convenience food creations with, on published online 23 September 2009 average, 14 ingredients and a high number of flavorings and Free amino acids in German convenience food products M Hermanussen et al 89 food additives (Alexy et al., 2008). Similar data were observed Table 1 Top-30 list of most frequently purchased ready-to-serve by the German Market Research Institute (Gesellschaft fu¨r German convenience food products Konsumforschung), Nuremberg, Germany: the total super- Maggi ravioli pikanta market selling subdivides into 45% non-alcoholic and Maggi ravioli tomato saucea alcoholic beverages, 22% fresh articles (vegetables, fruit, Schnell&Lecker TK chicken fricassee a meat and meat products), 13% milk and dairy products, 3% Lidl pizza salami a deep frozen products and 2% sweets, with the remaining Primana peas Gut Frielingshof TK chicken breast fillet percentage consisting of canned goods, dressings, oil and Miracoli spaghetti (4 persons)a so on. (German Market Research Institute, personal Wagner pizza piccolinia communication, August 2008). Pastini spaghetti tomato Apart from its effect on palatability, food processing affects Dr Oetker oven fresh pizza pepperoni salami Lentils ‘chef’a free amino acid contents. However, as information on amino Meica curry king sausagea acids in frequently purchased pre-packaged food is virtually Dr Oetker pizza pizza ristorante salame absent, we analyzed the free amino acid patterns of 17 Knorr gourmet forest mushrooms frequently purchased ready-to-serve convenience food pro- Miracoli spaghetti (2 persons) Primana lentilsa ducts and compared them with information obtained from Gut Frielingshof TK chicken cordon bleua the respective food labels. Wagner stone oven pizza The national food law requires labeling, and declaring Gut Frielingshof TK chicken nuggets pan macronutrient and energy contents and the relative con- Dr Oetker oven fresh pizza speziale Primana spaghetti tomato saucea centrations of major ingredients of pre-packaged food. Yet, Wagner stone oven pizza salami the exact composition of these products usually remains Knorr gourmet onions obscure. We contacted 15 market leaders before this study Maggi master class onions a requesting additional information on their products, but all Erasco chicken noodles Cucina lasagne Bolognese requests remained unanswered. Similar experience has been Dr Oetker pizza ristorante speziale reported by other researchers (Kersting, personal commu- Landgut TK chicken fricassee nication, 2007). We therefore decided to simply use food Dulano lasagne label information and to derive estimates of all major com- Primana chicken fricassee ponents by inferring from gross macronutrient content, and Five additional frequently purchased convenience food dishes. the ranking order of the listed ingredients. We inferred protein Bassermann ravioli; Maggi 5-minute terrine (potatoes with roasted onions); and protein-bound amino acid compositions, and related Erasco rice pot with dumplings; Maggi Magic Asia fried noodles with them to the free amino acid patterns analyzed in this study. vegetables; and Lidl masters herbal baguette. aDishes that underwent analysis. Five additional products were recommended by the German Market Research Institute (Gesellschaft fu¨r Konsumforschung) Nuremburg, Germany. Materials and methods The top-30 list of most frequently purchased German ready- Table 2 Percentage of macronutrient content of frequently purchased to-serve convenience food products in 2006 was provided by convenience food products and percentage of water content of ready-to- the German Market Research Institute (Gesellschaft fu¨r serve dish Konsumforschung), Nuremburg, Germany. Top hits were Protein Carbo Fat %Water Maggi ravioli pikant and Maggi ravioli tomato sauce; the a following items consisted of eight types of pizza: seven Maggi ravioli pikant 17 50 33 84 a preparations of chicken meat (Cordon Bleu, soups, fricassee Maggi ravioli tomato 17 65 18 82 Lidl pizza salamia 14 50 36 53 and so on), four types of spaghetti, two lasagnes, two lentil Primana peasa 25 42 33 88 products, three ready-to-eat soups, one pot of peas and one Miracoli spaghettia 13 64 23 69 a curry sausage (Table 1). Of these, we chose a representative Wagner pizza piccolini 17 43 41 54 a sample of 12 dishes for analysis, and for a variety of reasons Lentils ‘chef’ 24 47 28 79 Meica curry sausagea 16 20 64 64 we added another five frequently purchased dishes that were Primana lentilsa 25 58 17 79 not listed among the top-30. All products contained multiple Chicken cordonbleua 44 36 20 65 a additives stimulating sweet, sour, salt and umami taste and Primana spaghetti 18 72 10 70 a were considered appropriate for ‘full lunch’. The dishes are Erasco chicken noodles 24 38 39 90 Bassermann ravioli 11 73 15 85 usually consumed as ‘single-pot meals’ and supposed to Maggi 5-min-terrine 13 80 5 79 satisfy the consumer without additional appetizer or side Erasco rice pot 14 42 44 86 dishes. None of the products was particularly spicy. Flavoring Maggi noodles ‘asia’ 11 60 29 66 with monosodium glutamate was explicitly mentioned in Lidl herbal baguette 8 53 38 39 some dishes. Most products were high in protein, but aProducts belonging to the top-30 list of frequently purchased convenience otherwise roughly in accordance with current national food food. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Free amino acids in German convenience food products M Hermanussen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Month End Financial Report
    Austintown Local Schools Month End Financial Report November FY2020 Blaise Karlovic, Treasurer/CFO FUND SCC Description Beginning Balance MTD Receipts FYTD Receipts MTD Expenditures FYTD Expenditures Current Fund Balance Current Encumbrances Unencumbered Fund Balance 1 0 GENERAL FUND 10,590,599.45 3,397,719.71 21,298,926.65 4,095,775.24 20,330,275.97 11,559,250.13 1,877,802.40 9,681,447.73 1 9100 GF--BUS PURCHASE FUND 68,719.94 192.14 861.78 0.00 0.00 69,581.72 0.00 69,581.72 10,659,319.39 3,397,911.85 21,299,788.43 4,095,775.24 20,330,275.97 11,628,831.85 1,877,802.40 9,751,029.45 2 9004 Bond Retirement--AMS Middle School Project 1,949,693.95 114,821.39 850,028.12 1,476,337.50 1,784,465.92 1,015,256.15 0.00 1,015,256.15 2 9005 Bond Retirement--HB264 Project (2006) 0.00 32,673.74 32,673.74 2,970.34 14,851.70 17,822.04 17,822.04 0.00 2 9006 BOND RETIREMENT- OSFC PROJECT (k-2 3-5) 967,426.93 91,064.61 970,493.79 0.00 950,721.07 987,199.65 0.00 987,199.65 2,917,120.88 238,559.74 1,853,195.65 1,479,307.84 2,750,038.69 2,020,277.84 17,822.04 2,002,455.80 3 0 PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT FUND 2,277,611.68 0.00 0.00 16,905.00 16,905.00 2,260,706.68 0.00 2,260,706.68 4 9001 Building--Sale of Property 125,713.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,713.75 0.00 125,713.75 6 0 FOOD SERVICE 579,507.55 204,512.76 549,626.02 188,714.84 699,882.10 429,251.47 467,642.09 -38,390.62 7 0 UNCLAIMED FUNDS 0.00 13,254.26 13,254.26 0.00 0.00 13,254.26 0.00 13,254.26 7 9001 Sunshine Club AIS 465.05 0.00 3,025.00 200.00 200.00 3,290.05 2,300.00 990.05 7 9101 LYNDA MOLNAR SCHOLARSHIP
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION the Value of Milgard Aluminum
    INTRODUCTION The Value of Milgard Aluminum The Value of Milgard Aluminum Milgard Windows is a full-line manufacturer of windows and doors offering Vinyl, Aluminum, and Fiberglass products that are made to order every time. We can create just about any shape or style you can imagine within our wide range of operating styles. IT TAKES AN OPEN MIND. –– Our engineering teams design our Aluminum windows and patio doors individually with perfor- mance, appearance and energy conservation in mind. –– At Milgard, we’ll continue to innovate and adapt to everchanging architectural styles and construction practices to provide you with the most advanced Aluminum windows and doors on the market. DESIGN UNLIMITED. –– Mix and match Milgard Aluminum windows and patio doors from a wide array of shapes and sizes. Select matching window grids con- veniently located between the panes of glass. Corrosion resistant hardware is available for those areas where corrosion is a problem. A QUALITY COMMITMENT. –– It all starts with Milgard’s Full Lifetime War- ranty. Our promise that we will repair or replace any Milgard product defective in materials or workmanship for as long as your customer owns and resides in their single family home. For com- mercial projects, Milgard offers a Full ten year War- ranty. Our Aluminum windows are and patio doors designed to remain durable and operate smoothly for a lifetime. Our Quality Teams precision-build each window, one at a time, by hand. Just like we’ve built our windows for over 45 years. For complete warranty details visit milgard.com. INTRO APRIL 2009 ALUMINUM Guide Spec: Standard Aluminum Windows & Doors 3 Part Specification STANDARD Standard Aluminum Windows ALUMINUM WINDOWS - 08 51 13 With the thin lines that Migard’s Aluminum Windows provide, they are ideal for both new construction as well as replacement.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Did the Import of Dirhams Cease? Viacheslav Kuleshov Institutionen För Arkeologi Och Antikens Kultur Doktorandseminarium 2018-01-31 Kl
    Why did the import of dirhams cease? Viacheslav Kuleshov Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur Doktorandseminarium 2018-01-31 Kl. 15-17 1. Introduction The minting of post-reform Islamic silver coins (Kufic dirhams) started under the Umayyad period in 78 AH (697/698). Kufic dirhams were minted using a more or less stable design pattern for more than three centuries until around the middle of the 11th century. The most common are Abbasid and Samanid dirhams of mid-8th to mid- 10th centuries. The later coinages are those of the Buyid, Ziyarid, ‘Uqaylid, Marwanid and Qarakhanid dynasties. 2. Inflows of dirhams under the Abbasid period (750–945), and their silver content The inflow of Kufic dirhams from the Caliphate northwards started as early as around 750. By the beginning of the 9th century the first waves of early Islamic coined silver reached Gotland and Uppland in Sweden, where the oldest grave finds with coins have been discovered. The largest volumes of collected and deposited silver are particularly well recorded in Eastern Europe for the 850s to 860s, 900s to 910s, and 940s to 950s. Of importance is the fact that, as visual examination and many analyses of coins show, from the early 8th to the early 10th centuries an initially established silver content in coins was normally maintained at 92 to 96 per cent. In the first half of the 10th century the same or even higher fineness was typical of the early Samanid dirhams from Central Asia. Such fineness is also evident from colour and metal surface. 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King Athelstan’s Sisters and Frankish Queenship Simon MacLean (University of St Andrews) ‘The holy laws of kinship have purposed to take root among monarchs for this reason: that their tranquil spirit may bring the peace which peoples long for.’ Thus in the year 507 wrote Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths, to Clovis, king of the Franks.1 His appeal to the ideals of peace between kin was designed to avert hostilities between the Franks and the Visigoths, and drew meaning from the web of marital ties which bound together the royal dynasties of the early-sixth-century west. Theoderic himself sat at the centre of this web: he was married to Clovis’s sister, and his daughter was married to Alaric, king of the Visigoths.2 The present article is concerned with a much later period of European history, but the Ostrogothic ruler’s words nevertheless serve to introduce us to one of its central themes, namely the significance of marital alliances between dynasties. Unfortunately the tenth-century west, our present concern, had no Cassiodorus (the recorder of the king’s letter) to methodically enlighten the intricacies of its politics, but Theoderic’s sentiments were doubtless not unlike those that crossed the minds of the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish elite families who engineered an equally striking series of marital relationships among themselves just over 400 years later. In the early years of the tenth century several Anglo-Saxon royal women, all daughters of King Edward the Elder of Wessex (899-924) and sisters (or half-sisters) of his son King Athelstan (924-39), were despatched across the Channel as brides for Frankish and Saxon rulers and aristocrats.
    [Show full text]
  • A Great Carolingian Panzootic
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository TIMOTHY NEWFIELDa A great Carolingian panzootic: the probable extent, diagnosis and impact of an early ninth-century cattle pestilenceb Abstract This paper considers the cattle panzootic of 809-810, ‘A most enormous pestilence of oxen the most thoroughly documented and, as far as can be occurred in many places in Francia and discerned, spatially significant livestock pestilence of the 1 Carolingian period (750-950 CE). It surveys the written brought irrecoverable damage.’ evidence for the plague, and examines the pestilence’s spatial and temporal parameters, dissemination, diagnosis and impact. It is argued that the plague originated east of This reference to an epizootic in the Annales Fuldenses in 870 Europe, was truly pan-European in scope, and represented is one of roughly thirty-five encountered in the extant written a significant if primarily short-term shock to the Carolingian sources of Carolingian Europe.2 In total, mid eighth- through agrarian economy. Cattle in southern and northern Europe, mid tenth-century continental texts illuminate between ten including the British Isles, were affected. In all probability, and fourteen livestock plagues, the majority of which affec- several hundreds of thousands of domestic bovines died, ted cattle.3 In no earlier period of European history does the adversely impacting food production and distribution, and written record reveal so many epizootics.4 Cattle pestilences human health. A diagnosis of the rinderpest virus (RPV) is are reported in 801, 809-10, 820, 860, 868-70, 878, 939-42 tentatively advanced.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer
    Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The image is available in Open Access at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447807 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krstić, Tijana, editor. | Terzioğlu, Derin, 1969- editor. Title: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 / edited by Tijana Krstić, Derin Terzioğlu. Description: Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Islamic history and civilization. studies and texts, 0929-2403 ; 177 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Stainless Steel Parts & Accessories
    SECTION 9 - STAINLESS STEEL PARTS & ACCESSORIES PART # DESCRIPTION PAGE CAB SHIELDS 625@627-SS CAB SHIELDS - STAINLESS STEEL 901-902 SIDE ACCESSORIES 910-SS TARP RAILS - STAINLESS STEEL 903-904 910F-FM-S-SS LADDERS - STAINLESS STEEL 905-906 MUD FLAPS 160-SS MUD FLAP BRACKET KITS - STAINLESS STEEL 907-908 WATER TIGHT 808-SS WATER TIGHT TAILGATE KIT - STAINLESS STEEL 909-910 OPENING MECHANISMS 811F-SS INTERNAL AIR HIGH LIFT TAILGATE KIT - STAINLESS STEEL 911-912 BOLSTER KIT 708-SS DOUBLE ACTING LATCH BOLSTER KIT - STAINLESS STEEL 913-914 710A-SS ASPHALT TAIL LATCH BOLSTER KIT - STAINLESS STEEL 915-916 REAR OPTIONS 273-SS TAILGATE SAFETY LOCK - STAINLESS STEEL 917-918 280-SS ASPHALT APRON - STAINLESS STEEL 919-920 801-SS COAL DOORS, STANDARD & SMALL MODELS - STAINLESS STEEL 921-922 802-SS COAL DOOR SIDE HANDLE MODELS - STAINLESS STEEL 923-924 805-SS UPPER TAILGATE HINGE KIT - STAINLESS STEEL 925-926 800-SS TAILGATE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES - STAINLESS STEEL 927-928 PARTS AND ACCESSORIES MAY 2018 9-TABLE OF CONTENTS 5/10/2018 T NOTE LIGHT HOLES: 2 ROUND AVAILABLE OR OVAL FOR MODELS 45 WEIGHT CORNER(42" MODEL):625 FRONT 310 LBS 625 & STD inside width = 86 3/8" 626 R 90 WEIGHT CORNER(42" MODEL):626 FRONT 285 LBS STD inside width = 86 3/8" ROUND LIGHT HOLE LIGHTOVAL HOLE WEIGHTUNIVERSAL (42" MODEL):627 STYLE 357 LBS OVAL LIGHT Inside width = 92" FRONT & SIDE ** 625-626 MODELS ONLY ** P 1 EXTENSION 10" NARROWED MAY 2018 625-SSPART: 626-SS EXTENSIO N 627-SS 22" TITLE: CAB SHIELDS - STAINLESS STEEL DRAWING REVISED : 04/06/2018 PART # 625-626-627 - CAB SHIELDS - STAINLESS STEEL EXAMPLE: MY CODE: TYPE DESCRIPTION CODE CODE 625 45 degree corner front 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Author of Comment
    CuMo Exploration Project DRAFT Supplemental DN/FONSI – Attachment C Author/Comment Index Listing by Author providing comment during SEA 30 day notice and comment period; August 20th through September 18th, 2013; Index for “REDLINE” comment/responses. Comment Doc # Author of Comment Receipt 787S Alderson, George and Frances X 859S Allen, Edwina X 929S Allen, John X 943S Allen, Michael X 770S Allen, Michael and Lucille X 772S Allen, Michael and Lucille X** 902S Anderson, Amber X 926S Andreae, Tim X 895S Anon, Anon X*** 850S Anon, Dino X 846S Anon, R. E. Cooke X 904S Applebee, Phyllis X 937S Balch, Karen and Olin X*** 788S Baldwin, Christina X 884S Baldwin, Deborah X 916S Baldwin, Deborah X** 941S Baldwin, Deborah X 765S Banks, Brian; Steve Forler Trucking, Inc. X 917S Barcklay, Roderick X 890S Baughn, Susan X 794S Berg, Steven X 851S Bevan, Lori X 944S Blair, William X 882S Blalack, Russell X 780S Blood, Angela X Page 1 of 8 CuMo Exploration Project DRAFT Supplemental DN/FONSI – Attachment C Author/Comment Index Listing by Author providing comment during SEA 30 day notice and comment period; August 20th through September 18th, 2013; Index for “REDLINE” comment/responses. Comment Doc # Author of Comment Receipt 865S Boise County Commissioners X 938S Borgeman, Rodney X 800S Bottaro-Walklet, Annette X 871S Bowser, Sue X 784S Boyes, Daniel X 849S Branson, Jim X 914S Brasher, Bryan X 766S Broockmann, Dan X* 812S Brownlee, Gail; AGL Trucking, Inc. X 845S Brudenell, Ingrid X 844S Buchmann, Greg X 828S Callaway, Jere X 892S Capson, Eileen X***
    [Show full text]
  • Collection Assessment December 2020
    Collection Assessment December 2020 "Connecting you to big ideas wherever you are!" Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 6 Overview ........................................................................................................... 6 Background ....................................................................................................... 6 INFLUENCES ON THE COLLECTION ................................................ 7 Mission and Vision ............................................................................................ 7 COVID-19 .......................................................................................................... 7 2016 Five-Year Strategic Plan .......................................................................... 7 Alexandria Branch ............................................................................................ 8 Staffing ............................................................................................................. 8 Budgets and Spending ...................................................................................... 8 Selection ........................................................................................................... 8 Deselection ....................................................................................................... 9 Policy and Procedure ........................................................................................ 9 Streaming Services ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 700/900 Stops and Holders
    Stops and Holders DOR MA 700 /900 DORMA 700/900 Stops and Holders DORMA Architectural Hardware Certification: The DORMA 700/900 Series is listed by U.L. and C.U.L. under offers a line of versatile stops and their continuing reinspection programs. The 700/900 Series is certified to the requirements of ANSI A156.8 Grade 1 holders. This line complements (900/910) and Grade 3 (700/710). our existing full range of door Reinforcement: closers, providing a total door DORMA stops and holders are designed and manufactured from the highest quality materials to provide optimum service under control system. heavy-duty use. Doors and frames must be properly reinforced to provide fastening of the track channel/soffit plate and to Separate stops and holders are the preferred method of limiting withstand the operational forces involved. Refer to the individual door swing. They are ideal where the use of wall or floor stops product templates for additional reinforcement details. is precluded. These high quality units are both durable and Door Swing/Thickness: visually pleasing. The information in this brochure is relative to 44mm thick A standard two-coat paint finish is the best choice to match doors hung on 114mm × 114mm butt hinges, 19mm offset sprayed DORMA door closers. Optional plated finishes are also pivots, and center hung pivots. Other methods of door hanging available. such as continuous hinges, invisible hinges, wide throw hinges, Stop only units are designed to limit the degree of door swing swing clear hinges, and 38mm offset pivots can change the while providing a cushioned stop.
    [Show full text]
  • Daher's TBM 930 Makes Its Mark in the Charter Sector
    Press release Daher’s TBM 930 makes its mark in the charter sector Orlando, Florida, USA, October 15, 2018 – The growing use of Daher’s TBM very fast turboprop aircraft in charter services is being highlighted at this week’s 2018 NBAA-BACE Business Aviation Convention and Exhibition, where the first operator of a TBM 930 for commercial flights was revealed. During a press conference at the annual NBAA-BACE meeting in Orlando, Florida, Mountain Lion Aviation was introduced as the initial TBM 930 user for charters, benefitting from the speed, comfort, efficiency and operational capabilities of this top- line version in Daher’s TBM 900-series aircraft family. Since acquiring the TBM 930 last year, Mountain Lion Aviation has built up an impressive volume of services with the aircraft – flying 430 hours in 300 commercial flights that carried a total of 475 passengers. Mountain Lion Aviation is based at California’s Truckee Tahoe airport (KTRT) and was created as both a charter operator and flight school. Its location in the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Lake Tahoe places the company at a hub for technology- sector executives, entrepreneurs, business owners and other professionals who live, visit, or own a second home in the Truckee-Tahoe region – a popular destination on the border of California and Nevada. With TBM 930’s introduction into its fleet, Mountain Lion Aviation is offering personal transportation tailored to a high-value customer base seeking quality transportation that saves time and avoids California’s notorious traffic-clogged roads. “We salute the TBM 930’s successful charter introduction by Mountain Lion Aviation, which has accumulated an impressive first year of activity,” commented Nicolas Chabbert, Senior Vice President of the Daher Airplane Business Unit, and President of Daher Aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Princes and Dignitaries in the Ninth-Tenth-Century Magyar Tribal Federation
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by SZTE OJS Journals (University of Szeged / Szegedi Tudományegyetem) Princes and dignitaries in the ninth-tenth-century Magyar tribal federation SÁNDOR LÁSZLÓ TÓTH This study analyzes the leadership of the Hungarians in the age of their conquest, i.e. their conquest and settlement in the mid-Danubian basin (or Carpathian ba- sin) in the ninth-tenth centuries. It deals with the titles and functions of the princes and dignitaries, the structure of leadership and the persons, who held these ranks. The Hungarians, who called themselves Magyars (or Seven Magyars - 'Hetii- mogyer') appearing in written sources under different names (Turks, Ungri, Huns, Savartoi Asfaloi etc.) lived from the 830s north of the Black Sea, between the Da- nube and Don rivers. Their huge dwelling places were called Levedia and Etel- kóz by Byzantine Emperor Constantine Vll (945-959) in his famous work, De Ad- ministrando imperio (cited as DAI).1 The Hungarians formed a tribal federation, which consisted of seven tribes (Nyék, Megyer, Kürtgyarmat, Tarján, Jeno, Kér and Keszi).2 A dissident Khazar group, consisted of three tribes and called Kavars (Qabars) revolting against the ruling Khazar government joined the Hungarian tribal federation before 881, probably in the 860-870s.3 The Hungarians - apart 1 For Levedia (Lebedia) in chapter 38 and Etelköz (Atelkouzou) in chapter 38 and 40 of DAI, see Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio. Vol. 1. Greek text ed. Gy. Moravcsik, English trans. R. J. H. Jenkins. Washington 1967. (henceforth: DAI) 170- 173, 176-177; for the different hypotheses concerning these ancient homelands of the Hungarians cf.
    [Show full text]