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Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics The eighth-century revolution Version 1.0 December 2005 Ian Morris Stanford University Abstract: Through most of the 20th century classicists saw the 8th century BC as a period of major changes, which they characterized as “revolutionary,” but in the 1990s critics proposed more gradualist interpretations. In this paper I argue that while 30 years of fieldwork and new analyses inevitably require us to modify the framework established by Snodgrass in the 1970s (a profound social and economic depression in the Aegean c. 1100-800 BC; major population growth in the 8th century; social and cultural transformations that established the parameters of classical society), it nevertheless remains the most convincing interpretation of the evidence, and that the idea of an 8th-century revolution remains useful © Ian Morris. [email protected] 1 THE EIGHTH-CENTURY REVOLUTION Ian Morris Introduction In the eighth century BC the communities of central Aegean Greece (see figure 1) and their colonies overseas laid the foundations of the economic, social, and cultural framework that constrained and enabled Greek achievements for the next five hundred years. Rapid population growth promoted warfare, trade, and political centralization all around the Mediterranean. In most regions, the outcome was a concentration of power in the hands of kings, but Aegean Greeks created a new form of identity, the equal male citizen, living freely within a small polis. This vision of the good society was intensely contested throughout the late eighth century, but by the end of the archaic period it had defeated all rival models in the central Aegean, and was spreading through other Greek communities. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00281-4 - The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, C.744–C.900 Janneke Raaijmakers Frontmatter More information Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought THE MAKING OF THE MONASTIC COMMUNITY OF FULDA, C .744– C .900 The monastic community of Fulda was one of the most powerful institutions in early medieval Europe. This book traces the development of the community from its foundation in the 740s over one and a half centuries, a period richly documented by a variety of texts and archaeological remains. These sources reveal how Fulda’s success forced the monks to rethink their goals and the ways in which they sought to achieve them. Its close connection to the Carolingian royal court also makes Fulda a fascinating case study of how local events infl u- enced life in the palace, and vice versa. The importance of Fulda and the rich array of sources associated with it have long been recognised, but this is the fi rst full study, bringing together history, religion, architectural history and archae- ology. The result is a vivid picture of life in this monastery and also in early medieval religious communities in general. janneke raaijmakers is a lecturer in Medieval History at the Universiteit Utrecht. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00281-4 - The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, C.744–C.900 Janneke Raaijmakers Frontmatter More information Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought Fourth Series General Editor: rosamond mckitterick Professor of Medieval History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Sidney Sussex College Advisory Editors: christine carpenter Professor of Medieval English History, University of Cambridge jonathan shepard The series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought was inaugurated by G. -
Tenth-Century Painting Before Song Taizong's Reign
Tenth-Century Painting before Song Taizong’s Reign: A Macrohistorical View Jonathan Hay 1 285 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 2 longue durée artistic 3 Formats 286 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN Tangchao minghua lu 4 5 It 6 287 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 7 The Handscroll Lady Guoguo on a Spring Outing Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk Pasturing Horses Palace Ban- quet Lofty Scholars Female Transcendents in the Lang Gar- 288 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN den Nymph of the Luo River8 9 10 Oxen 11 Examining Books 12 13 Along the River at First Snow 14 15 Waiting for the Ferry 16 The Hanging Scroll 17 18 19 289 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND Sparrows and Flowers of the Four Seasons Spring MountainsAutumn Mountains 20 The Feng and Shan 21 tuzhou 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 290 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN 29 30 31 32 Blue Magpie and Thorny Shrubs Xiaoyi Stealing the Lanting Scroll 33 291 TENT H CENT URY CHINA AND BEYOND 34 35 36 Screens 37 38 The Lofty Scholar Liang Boluan 39 Autumn Mountains at Dusk 292 TENT H-CENT URY PAINT ING BEFORE SONG TAIZONG’S R EIGN 40Layered Mountains and Dense Forests41 Reading the Stele by Pitted Rocks 42 It has Court Ladies Pinning Flowers in Their Hair 43 44 The Emperor Minghuang’s Journey to Shu River Boats and a Riverside Mansion 45 46 47tuzhang 48 Villagers Celebrating the Dragonboat Festival 49 Travelers in Snow-Covered Mountains and 50 . -
Boone County Fiscal Court Governmental Funds FY14
Approved (Ord. 13-12) Boone County Fiscal Court Approved (Ord. 13-12) Governmental Funds FY14 Budgeted Expenses 2014 General Fund General Government Judge/Executive 001-5001-101 Salaries-Elected Officials 110,780.00 001-5001-106 Salaries-Office Staff 263,500.00 Total Personnel Services 374,280.00 001-5001-212 HB810 Training Incentive 4,000.00 4,000.00 001-5001-429 Fuel 5,200.00 001-5001-445 Office Materials & Supplies 2,000.00 Total Supplies and Materials 7,200.00 001-5001-551 Memberships 12,000.00 001-5001-565 Printing, Stationary, Forms, Etc. 1,000.00 001-5001-569 Registrations, Conferences, Training, Etc. 11,000.00 001-5001-578 Utilities-General 3,500.00 001-5001-585 Maintenance & Repair 2,500.00 Total Other Charges 30,000.00 Total Judge/Executive 415,480.00 County Attorney 001-5005-101 Salaries-Elected Officials 46,650.00 001-5005-106 Salaries-Office Staff 91,775.00 Total Personnel Services 138,425.00 001-5005-315 Contracted Svs - Commonwealth Litigation Support 10,000.00 Total Contracted Services 10,000.00 Total County Attorney 148,425.00 County Clerk 001-5010-302 Advertising 3,500.00 001-5010-307 Auditing 17,500.00 001-5010-331 Lease Payments 36,500.00 001-5010-565 Printing, Stationary, Forms, Etc. 26,000.00 001-5010-585 Maintenance and Repairs 2,000.00 Total Other Charges 85,500.00 Total County Clerk 85,500.00 County Coroner 001-5020-101 Salaries-Elected Officials 38,100.00 001-5020-106 Salaries-Office Staff 65,950.00 Total Personnel Services 104,050.00 001-5020-308 Autopsies & Attendant Services 20,000.00 Total Contracted Services 20,000.00 Page 1 of 21 Approved (Ord. -
780S Series Spray Valves VALVEMATE™ 7040 Controller Operating Manual
780S Series Spray Valves VALVEMATE™ 7040 Controller Operating Manual ® A NORDSON COMPANY US: 888-333-0311 UK: 0800 585733 Mexico: 001-800-556-3484 If you require any assistance or have spe- cific questions, please contact us. US: 888-333-0311 Telephone: 401-434-1680 Fax: 401-431-0237 E-mail: [email protected] Mexico: 001-800-556-3484 UK: 0800 585733 EFD Inc. 977 Waterman Avenue, East Providence, RI 02914-1342 USA Sales and service of EFD Dispense Valve Systems is available through EFD authorized distributors in over 30 countries. Please contact EFD U.S.A. for specific names and addresses. Contents Introduction ..................................................................2 Specifications ..............................................................3 How The Valve and Controller Operate ......................4 Controller Operating Features ....................................5 Typical Setup ..............................................................6 Setup ........................................................................7-8 Adjusting the Spray......................................................9 Programming Nozzle Air Delay ..................................10 Spray Patterns ..........................................................11 Troubleshooting Guide ........................................12-13 Valve Maintenance................................................14-16 780S Exploded View..................................................17 Input / Output Connections..................................18-19 Connecting -
Poverty, Charity and the Papacy in The
TRICLINIUM PAUPERUM: POVERTY, CHARITY AND THE PAPACY IN THE TIME OF GREGORY THE GREAT AN ABSTRACT SUBMITTED ON THE FIFTEENTH DAY OF MARCH, 2013 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS OF TULANE UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ___________________________ Miles Doleac APPROVED: ________________________ Dennis P. Kehoe, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ F. Thomas Luongo, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ Thomas D. Frazel, Ph.D AN ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of Gregory I (r. 590-604 CE) in developing permanent ecclesiastical institutions under the authority of the Bishop of Rome to feed and serve the poor and the socio-political world in which he did so. Gregory’s work was part culmination of pre-existing practice, part innovation. I contend that Gregory transformed fading, ancient institutions and ideas—the Imperial annona, the monastic soup kitchen-hospice or xenodochium, Christianity’s “collection for the saints,” Christian caritas more generally and Greco-Roman euergetism—into something distinctly ecclesiastical, indeed “papal.” Although Gregory has long been closely associated with charity, few have attempted to unpack in any systematic way what Gregorian charity might have looked like in practical application and what impact it had on the Roman Church and the Roman people. I believe that we can see the contours of Gregory’s initiatives at work and, at least, the faint framework of an organized system of ecclesiastical charity that would emerge in clearer relief in the eighth and ninth centuries under Hadrian I (r. 772-795) and Leo III (r. -
CONTINUITY and CHANGE in the EIGHTH CENTURY Conciliar
CHAPTER 6 CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY Conciliar Continuity: Alaric to Clovis In September 506, thirty-four Gallo-Roman clerics met in the city of Agde “with the permission of our most glorious, magnifi cent, and pious lord king.”1 Th e honored rex was Alaric II, an Arian Christian, who hoped that by authorizing a council of Catholic prelates, he would be able to rely on their loyalty in the ongoing fi ght for political domina- tion in Gaul.2 Alaric’s dream of a Visigothic-dominated Gaul would be crushed only a year later, when he was defeated and killed by Clovis at the Battle of Vouillé.3 But in 506, the king was still vigorously attempt- ing to hold together a unifi ed Visigothic realm. Th e same year that he convoked the Council of Agde, he also issued the Lex Romana Visig- othorum (or Breviarium), a compilation of Roman law whose infl uence would far outlive Alaric himself.4 Following Clovis’ victory, and the establishment of Merovingian dominance in Gaul, the Lex Romana Visigothorum continued to be copied and consulted frequently, even though manuscripts of the Codex Th eodosianus were still in circula- tion.5 For Alaric, however, the codifi cation project had a more imme- diate aim: uniting the Roman subjects of his kingdom under a single code of laws issued in his own name. Alaric’s unifi cation eff orts were 1 Agde (506), Preface. 2 Mathisen, “Th e Second Council of Arles,” 543, has suggested that Arles II (442/506) was convoked for the same reasons already postulated for the Council of Agde (506). -
Transformation of Capital City in Tang and Song China, Ca. 700-1100
From Closed Capital to Open Metropolis: Transformation of Capital City in Tang and Song China, ca. 700-1100 Hang Lin [email protected] Abstract. Chang’an of the Tang dynasty (630-907) and Kaifeng of the Song dynasty (960- 1127) represents two major stages in the development of the capital city in premodern China. In contrast to Chang’an, a semi-autonomous walled “urban village” separated by wide expanse of transitory space, Kaifeng was a dense city criss-crossed by ad hoc commercial streets filled with a variety of urban activities during days and nights. Indeed, during this period, a number of significant changes took place, which helped to erode the Tang urban structure and to give birth to a new, one in which the closed walled city transformed into an open market city. Based primarily on textual and material evidence, this paper outlines the characteristics of the layout and structure of the two cities and examines various aspects of the daily life in both cities. This comparative analysis sheds light on the unique pattern of transformation of cities in medieval China. Keywords: Chinese capital city, city transformation, Chang’an, Kaifeng, Tang dynasty, Song dynasty. Introduction Historians of premodern Chinese urbanism have long assumed that the origins of the Chinese imperial city plan stem from a passage in the Kaogong ji (Record of Artificers) section of the classical text Zhouli (Rituals of Zhou), which describes the city of the King of Zhou (Fig. 1): ‘When the artificer build the capital, [the city should be] a square of nine li on each side, with three gates on each side. -
Pinzgauer 716 Mk
PINZGAUER 716 MK Manufacturer: BAE Mobility & Protection Systems Product type: Auxiliary Vehicles Name: Patrol Vehicle Pinzgauer is a high mobility all-terrain 4x4 and 6x6 military utility vehicle manufactured in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom, by BAE Systems Land Systems. The Pinzgauer has been manufactured in the United Kingdom since the year 2000, originally by Automotive Technik Ltd (ATL). Before then the Pinzgauer was produced by Steyr- Daimler-Puch in Graz, Austria (hence the name, based on an Austrian breed of horse). ATL has since then been acquired by Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc. in 2005, which in turn became a subsidiary of the aerospace and defence group Armor Holdings, Inc in May 2006. One year later Armor Holdings was itself acquired by BAE Systems. The original prototype was produced in 1965 and production began in 1971, as successor of the Haflinger. This first generation model was produced until 1985 by Steyr-Daimler-Puch. The Pinzgauer is one of the most capable all-terrain vehicles ever made. While it is not as fast as the HMMWV, it can carry more troops. Even the smaller 710M can carry 10 people, or two NATO pallets. Both the 4x4 and 6x6 models can tow 5,000 kg on road, and 1,500 or 1,800 kg, respectively off-road. It has a range of over 400 km on one tank of fuel or nearly 700 km with the optional 125-litre tank. The first generation Pinzgauer is available in both four-wheel drive (model 710) and six-wheel drive (model 712) versions. The Pinzgauer was also designed to be reliable and easy to fix, so it is shipped with an air-cooled dual-carbureted engine. -
Islamic Influence on Spain: Discussion of Omenw ’S Rights and Islamic Influence
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection Undergraduate Scholarship 2017 Islamic Influence on Spain: Discussion of omenW ’s Rights and Islamic Influence Samreen Uzzama Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses Part of the International and Area Studies Commons, Modern Languages Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Recommended Citation Uzzama, Samreen, "Islamic Influence on Spain: Discussion of omenW ’s Rights and Islamic Influence" (2017). Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection. 419. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/419 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Islamic Influence on Spain: Discussion of Women’s Rights and Islamic Influence A Thesis Presented to the Department of Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and The Honors Program of Butler University In Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Honors Samreen Uzzama December 2017 Table of Contents I. Abstract 1 II. Introduction 4 III. Islamic Rulings on Women’s Rights 4 IV. Comparison of Roman versus Islamic Rule on Women’s Rights in Spain 6 V. Connection to the Modern World 8 VI. Arab Influence Within Spain 15 VII. Arab Influence on Spain: Confines of Language, Politics, and Social Construct 16 VIII. Arabic Influence on Spanish 17 IX. Conclusion 20 X. Works Cited 22 XI. Annotated Bibliography 23 Uzzama 1 Abstracto El sentimiento actual en el Occidente que rodea el Islam proviene de una variedad de factores: ataques terroristas, falta de comprensión de la fe islámica y las culturas que practican la religión, y representaciones estereotipadas en los medios de comunicación de los musulmanes como terroristas o como mujeres oprimidas. -
Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK History Undergraduate Honors Theses History 5-2020 Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements Rachel Hutchings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht Part of the History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Citation Hutchings, R. (2020). Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements. History Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Honors Studies in History By Rachel Hutchings Spring 2020 History J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences The University of Arkansas 1 Acknowledgments: For my family and the University of Arkansas Honors College 2 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………….………………………………...3 Historiography……………………………………….…………………………...6 Surrender Agreements…………………………………….…………….………10 The Evolution of Surrender Agreements………………………………….…….29 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….….…...…..35 Bibliography…………………………………………………………...………..40 3 Introduction Beginning with Muhammad’s forceful consolidation of Arabia in 631 CE, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates completed a series of conquests that would later become a hallmark of the early Islamic empire. Following the Prophet’s death, the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) engulfed the Levant in the north, North Africa from Egypt to Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau in the east. -
Plaster/Mortar Mixers Em-700S Em-700P
PARTS AND OPERATION MANUAL PLASTER / MORTAR MIXERS EM-700S EM-700P © COPYRIGHT 2001, MULTIQUIP INC. © COPYRIGHT 2001, MULTIQUIP Revision #8 (03/17/06) MULTIQUIP INC. PARTS DEPARTMENT: 18910 WILMINGTON AVE. 800-427-1244 CARSON, CALIFORNIA 90746 FAX: 800-672-7877 310-537-3700 SERVICE DEPARTMENT: 800-421-1244 800-478-1244 FAX: 310-537-3927 FAX: 310-537-4259 E-mail:[email protected] • www:multiquip.com PAGE 2 — ESSICK EM-700S & 700P — PARTS & OPERATION MANUAL — REV. #8 (03/17/06) HERE'S HOW TO GET HELP PLEASE HAVE THE MODEL AND SERIAL NUMBER ON-HAND WHEN CALLING PARTS DEPARTMENT 800-427-1244 or 310-537-3700 FAX: 800-672-7877 or 310-637-3284 SERVICE DEPARTMENT/TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 800-478-1244 or 310-537-3700 FAX: 310- 537-4259 WARRANTY DEPARTMENT 888-661-4279, or 310-661-4279 FAX: 310- 537-1173 MAIN 800-421-1244 or 310-537-3700 FAX: 310-537-3927 ESSICK EM-700S & 700P — PARTS & OPERATION MANUAL — REV. #8 (03/17/08) — PAGE 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Here's How To Get Help .......................................... 3 Table Of Contents ................................................... 4 Parts Ordering Procedures ..................................... 5 Rules for Safe Operation & Safety Decals .............. 6 Warranty .................................................................. 7 ESSICK — 700S & 700P Operations ......................................................... 8-11 Specifications ........................................................ 12 Explanation Of Codes In Remarks Column .......... 14 Suggested Spare Parts ......................................... 15 Drum Head and Paddle Shaft Assembly.......... 16-17 Steel Drum (S) ................................................. 18-19 Polyethylene Drum (P) ..................................... 20-21 Gas Engines, Pulleys & Cab Assembly ............ 22-23 Electric Motor & Pulleys ................................... 24-25 Axle & Wheel Group ......................................... 26-27 Terms and Conditions Of Sale — Parts ................ 28 NOTE: Specification and part number are subject to change without notice.