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Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria
Comparative Analysis of the Process of Initial State Genesis in Rus' and Bulgaria Evgeniy A. Shinakov Svetlana G. Polyakova Bryansk State University ABSTRACT There has not been completed yet the typological research of Euro- pean polities' forms (of the complexity level of ‘barbarous’ state- hood, ‘complex chiefdoms’, and rarely – ‘early states’ – in terms of political anthropology), and of the pathways of their emergence. This research can be amplified with the study of the First Bulgar- ian kingdom before Omurtag's and Krum's reforms (the end of the 7th – the early 9th century) and synchronous to it complex chief- dom of ‘Rosia’ (in terms of Porphyrpgenitus) of the end of the 9th – mid-10th century. They have typological similarity in military and contractual character of pathways of state genesis (in ‘Rosia’ it is supplemented by foreign trade) as well as in the form of ‘barba- rous’ (pre-Christian) statehood. It has a multilevel – ‘federal’ – character. At the head there were the Turks-Bulgarians and the ‘Rhos’ (‘Ruses’), whose settlements had limited territory, the ‘slavini- yas’ with their own power structure were subordinated to them and supervised by the ‘federal’ power strong points. The ‘supreme’ power domination is supported not only by the fear of weapon, but also by the treaties based on reciprocity. The common interest was, for exam- ple, the participation in robbery of the Byzantine Empire and interna- tional trade. At first in a peaceful way, later with conflicts, Bulgaria was transformed into a unitarian territorial state by the reforms of the pagans Оmurtag and Krum, and then of the Christian Boris (the latter had led to the conflict within the top level of power – among the Turkic-Bulgarians aristocracy). -
Month End Financial Report
Austintown Local Schools Month End Financial Report November FY2020 Blaise Karlovic, Treasurer/CFO FUND SCC Description Beginning Balance MTD Receipts FYTD Receipts MTD Expenditures FYTD Expenditures Current Fund Balance Current Encumbrances Unencumbered Fund Balance 1 0 GENERAL FUND 10,590,599.45 3,397,719.71 21,298,926.65 4,095,775.24 20,330,275.97 11,559,250.13 1,877,802.40 9,681,447.73 1 9100 GF--BUS PURCHASE FUND 68,719.94 192.14 861.78 0.00 0.00 69,581.72 0.00 69,581.72 10,659,319.39 3,397,911.85 21,299,788.43 4,095,775.24 20,330,275.97 11,628,831.85 1,877,802.40 9,751,029.45 2 9004 Bond Retirement--AMS Middle School Project 1,949,693.95 114,821.39 850,028.12 1,476,337.50 1,784,465.92 1,015,256.15 0.00 1,015,256.15 2 9005 Bond Retirement--HB264 Project (2006) 0.00 32,673.74 32,673.74 2,970.34 14,851.70 17,822.04 17,822.04 0.00 2 9006 BOND RETIREMENT- OSFC PROJECT (k-2 3-5) 967,426.93 91,064.61 970,493.79 0.00 950,721.07 987,199.65 0.00 987,199.65 2,917,120.88 238,559.74 1,853,195.65 1,479,307.84 2,750,038.69 2,020,277.84 17,822.04 2,002,455.80 3 0 PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT FUND 2,277,611.68 0.00 0.00 16,905.00 16,905.00 2,260,706.68 0.00 2,260,706.68 4 9001 Building--Sale of Property 125,713.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,713.75 0.00 125,713.75 6 0 FOOD SERVICE 579,507.55 204,512.76 549,626.02 188,714.84 699,882.10 429,251.47 467,642.09 -38,390.62 7 0 UNCLAIMED FUNDS 0.00 13,254.26 13,254.26 0.00 0.00 13,254.26 0.00 13,254.26 7 9001 Sunshine Club AIS 465.05 0.00 3,025.00 200.00 200.00 3,290.05 2,300.00 990.05 7 9101 LYNDA MOLNAR SCHOLARSHIP -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
Introduction to 800 and Table 3
Introduction to 800 and Table 3 Version 1.3 December 2013 Learning Objectives The learner will: • Be familiar with the overall structure of the 800s • Be familiar with aids for building numbers in the 800s • Be familiar with circumstances in which Tables 3A, 3B, and 3C are used • Be able to build correct 800 numbers that use Tables 3A, 3B, and/or 3C • Be familiar with provisions for folk literature at 398.2 800 Literature: Scope In 800: • Literary texts • Works about literature • Anonymous classics Elsewhere: • Folk literature classed in 398.2 • Literature combined with other arts classed in 700, e.g., opera 782.1 800 Literature: Structure (1) 801-807 Standard subdivisions 808 Rhetoric (808.02-808.06 General topics in rhetoric; 808.1-808.7 Rhetoric in specific literary forms; comprehensive works in 808) 808.8 Collections of literary texts from more than two literatures 809 History, description, critical appraisal of more than two literatures 800 Literature: Structure (2) 810-890 Literatures of specific languages and language families 810 American literature in English 820-890 Follows pattern of Table 6 Languages (approximately) Aids to Number Building in 800 Literature Read the instructions in 800 schedule and at the beginning of Tables 3A and 3B Review extensive Manual notes for Table 3A-C and 800 Consult flow charts for Table 3A and 3B Consult Table of Mappings: DDC 000-990 to Table 3C—3 Arts and literature dealing with specific themes and subjects Table 3A Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors Table 3A —1 -
INTRODUCTION the Value of Milgard Aluminum
INTRODUCTION The Value of Milgard Aluminum The Value of Milgard Aluminum Milgard Windows is a full-line manufacturer of windows and doors offering Vinyl, Aluminum, and Fiberglass products that are made to order every time. We can create just about any shape or style you can imagine within our wide range of operating styles. IT TAKES AN OPEN MIND. –– Our engineering teams design our Aluminum windows and patio doors individually with perfor- mance, appearance and energy conservation in mind. –– At Milgard, we’ll continue to innovate and adapt to everchanging architectural styles and construction practices to provide you with the most advanced Aluminum windows and doors on the market. DESIGN UNLIMITED. –– Mix and match Milgard Aluminum windows and patio doors from a wide array of shapes and sizes. Select matching window grids con- veniently located between the panes of glass. Corrosion resistant hardware is available for those areas where corrosion is a problem. A QUALITY COMMITMENT. –– It all starts with Milgard’s Full Lifetime War- ranty. Our promise that we will repair or replace any Milgard product defective in materials or workmanship for as long as your customer owns and resides in their single family home. For com- mercial projects, Milgard offers a Full ten year War- ranty. Our Aluminum windows are and patio doors designed to remain durable and operate smoothly for a lifetime. Our Quality Teams precision-build each window, one at a time, by hand. Just like we’ve built our windows for over 45 years. For complete warranty details visit milgard.com. INTRO APRIL 2009 ALUMINUM Guide Spec: Standard Aluminum Windows & Doors 3 Part Specification STANDARD Standard Aluminum Windows ALUMINUM WINDOWS - 08 51 13 With the thin lines that Migard’s Aluminum Windows provide, they are ideal for both new construction as well as replacement. -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521819458 - Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire Simon Maclean Excerpt More information Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION the end of the carolingian empire in modern historiography The dregs of the Carlovingian race no longer exhibited any symptoms of virtue or power, and the ridiculous epithets of the Bald, the Stammerer, the Fat, and the Simple, distinguished the tame and uniform features of a crowd of kings alike deserving of oblivion. By the failure of the collateral branches, the whole inheritance devolved to Charles the Fat, the last emperor of his family: his insanity authorised the desertion of Germany, Italy, and France...Thegovernors,the bishops and the lords usurped the fragments of the falling empire.1 This was how, in the late eighteenth century, the great Enlightenment historianEdward Gibbonpassed verdict onthe endof the Carolingian empire almost exactly 900 years earlier. To twenty-first-century eyes, the terms of this assessment may seem jarring. Gibbon’s emphasis on the im- portance of virtue and his ideas about who or what was a deserving subject of historical study very much reflect the values of his age, the expectations of his audience and the intentions of his work.2 However, if the timbre of his analysis now feels dated, its constituent elements have nonetheless survived into modern historiography. The conventional narrative of the end of the empire in the year 888 is still a story about the emergence of recognisable medieval kingdoms which would become modern nations – France, Germany and Italy; about the personal inadequacies of late ninth- century kings as rulers; and about their powerlessness in the face of an increasingly independent, acquisitive and assertive aristocracy. -
2021 Master Price List.Xlsx
721 York St., PO Box 72430, Newport, KY 41072-0430 Phone: (859) 261-2035 • USA Fax: (800) 261-8247 • International Fax: (859) 261-8247 www.nationalband.com • [email protected] PRICE LIST $25 Minimum Order - Price List Effective January 2021 - Subject to change without notice These Special Charges are referenced in this price list and should be added only when they apply to your order. This charge is for minimal type changes. i.e.: a prefix "A" changed to "B" or a year date change. For extensive type B - $5 Each Type Change changes, or changes in format, etc., contact us for a quote. Standard Packing is 100/wire, 100/string, 25/stick, or 250/500 to a box C - $10-$50/1000 Special Packing Call for quote for alternate methods D - $20 Net Make-Ready Charge This is a one-time charge on each order or it can apply to changes in style, size, color, holes, etc. Paint-Filled Stamped characters can be filled with a contrasting color to make it easier to read. Priced per side of tag. Dog and Cat E - $6-$15/100 Characters tags and Industrial Nameplate tags - $0.15 per side per tag. Everything else - $0.06 per side per tag Special Numbering Applies to each additional set of consecutive numbers for sets less than 100. i.e.: sets 1 through 10, 50 through 75, F - $2/Set Charge etc. OR each set of identical numbers. i.e.: 10 each of number 15, 12 each of number 78. Wet Tumbling Flat Tags - $15/1000, 1242 Bands - $12/1000. -
Why Did the Import of Dirhams Cease? Viacheslav Kuleshov Institutionen För Arkeologi Och Antikens Kultur Doktorandseminarium 2018-01-31 Kl
Why did the import of dirhams cease? Viacheslav Kuleshov Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur Doktorandseminarium 2018-01-31 Kl. 15-17 1. Introduction The minting of post-reform Islamic silver coins (Kufic dirhams) started under the Umayyad period in 78 AH (697/698). Kufic dirhams were minted using a more or less stable design pattern for more than three centuries until around the middle of the 11th century. The most common are Abbasid and Samanid dirhams of mid-8th to mid- 10th centuries. The later coinages are those of the Buyid, Ziyarid, ‘Uqaylid, Marwanid and Qarakhanid dynasties. 2. Inflows of dirhams under the Abbasid period (750–945), and their silver content The inflow of Kufic dirhams from the Caliphate northwards started as early as around 750. By the beginning of the 9th century the first waves of early Islamic coined silver reached Gotland and Uppland in Sweden, where the oldest grave finds with coins have been discovered. The largest volumes of collected and deposited silver are particularly well recorded in Eastern Europe for the 850s to 860s, 900s to 910s, and 940s to 950s. Of importance is the fact that, as visual examination and many analyses of coins show, from the early 8th to the early 10th centuries an initially established silver content in coins was normally maintained at 92 to 96 per cent. In the first half of the 10th century the same or even higher fineness was typical of the early Samanid dirhams from Central Asia. Such fineness is also evident from colour and metal surface. 3. -
The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
CENTER FOR PUBLIC HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Final Draft Elizabeth Michell July 31 2009 An abbreviated version intended as guide for visitors OYL/iJ INTRODUCTION On late spring day visitor stands on slight rise on the banks of Big Sandy Creek from where across Cheyenne chief Black Kettles village once stood whole lot of he nothing comments laconically It is quiet place its peacefulness giving it timeless But quality the visitor is wrong and the timelessness is deceptive You can never visit the past again The Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site is in southeastern fifteen Colorado about miles northeast of the small town of Eads This is high plains country dusty and flat the drab greens of grass and scrub melding into the relentless browns of desiccated vegetation sand and soil The surrounding landscape is crisscrossed dirt by trails and fence lines dotted with windmills outbuildings and stock watering tanks At the site groves of cottonwoods tower along the gently sloping banks of Big Sandy Creek in fact it would be difficult to follow the stream course without the line of trees For most of the year water does not flow and the creek bed is choked with sand sagebrushes and other the site dry prairie species Though is part of shortgrass most of the land is prairie actually sandy bottomland that may eventually become It in Black Kettles tallgrass prairie was dry time and it is still dry evident by how much more sagebrush species there are now -
Marking Systems
by Underhill® Marking Systems SPEED AND QUALITY OF PLAY…GOLF AS IT SHOULD BE. You know Grund Guide for making premier yardage marking solutions. Now backed with the strength of Underhill® distribution and product development, you can have the highest quality and most complete yardage marking systems available today and into the future. Sprinkler Head Yardage Markers Model SPM 106 - TORO Engraved FITS:Toro 730, 750, 760, 780, 830/850S, 834S, 835S, Caps: Perfect-fit caps engraved and color DT34/35S. 854S. DT54/55, 860S, 880S filled for high visibility. Multiple number locations COLORS: Caps - l/m/l/l vary for lids with holes. Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l Model SPM 107 - Rain Bird FITS: Rain Bird E900, E950, E700, E750, E500, E550, Engraved Caps: Perfect fit caps engraved 700, 751, 51DR and color filled for high visibility number COLORS: Caps - l/m/l/l identification. Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l/l Model SPM 110 - Hunter FITS: Hunter G800, G900, G90 Engraved Caps/Covers: Perfect-fit COLORS: Flange cover / caps - l flange covers (G800, G900) and caps (G90), Numbers - m/l/l/l/l/l/l engraved and color filled for high visibility. Model SPM 101 - Fit Over Discs: FITS: Toro 630, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 830/850S, Anodized aluminum (no paint!), these 834S, 835S, DT34/35, 854S, 855S, DT54/55, 860S, markers are engraved and custom fit to each 880S, Rain Bird 47/51 DR, 71/91/95, E900, E950, sprinkler. Multiple number locations vary for lids E700, E750, E500, E550, 1100, Hunter G-70/75, with holes. -
1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King Athelstan’s Sisters and Frankish Queenship Simon MacLean (University of St Andrews) ‘The holy laws of kinship have purposed to take root among monarchs for this reason: that their tranquil spirit may bring the peace which peoples long for.’ Thus in the year 507 wrote Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths, to Clovis, king of the Franks.1 His appeal to the ideals of peace between kin was designed to avert hostilities between the Franks and the Visigoths, and drew meaning from the web of marital ties which bound together the royal dynasties of the early-sixth-century west. Theoderic himself sat at the centre of this web: he was married to Clovis’s sister, and his daughter was married to Alaric, king of the Visigoths.2 The present article is concerned with a much later period of European history, but the Ostrogothic ruler’s words nevertheless serve to introduce us to one of its central themes, namely the significance of marital alliances between dynasties. Unfortunately the tenth-century west, our present concern, had no Cassiodorus (the recorder of the king’s letter) to methodically enlighten the intricacies of its politics, but Theoderic’s sentiments were doubtless not unlike those that crossed the minds of the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish elite families who engineered an equally striking series of marital relationships among themselves just over 400 years later. In the early years of the tenth century several Anglo-Saxon royal women, all daughters of King Edward the Elder of Wessex (899-924) and sisters (or half-sisters) of his son King Athelstan (924-39), were despatched across the Channel as brides for Frankish and Saxon rulers and aristocrats. -
A Great Carolingian Panzootic
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository TIMOTHY NEWFIELDa A great Carolingian panzootic: the probable extent, diagnosis and impact of an early ninth-century cattle pestilenceb Abstract This paper considers the cattle panzootic of 809-810, ‘A most enormous pestilence of oxen the most thoroughly documented and, as far as can be occurred in many places in Francia and discerned, spatially significant livestock pestilence of the 1 Carolingian period (750-950 CE). It surveys the written brought irrecoverable damage.’ evidence for the plague, and examines the pestilence’s spatial and temporal parameters, dissemination, diagnosis and impact. It is argued that the plague originated east of This reference to an epizootic in the Annales Fuldenses in 870 Europe, was truly pan-European in scope, and represented is one of roughly thirty-five encountered in the extant written a significant if primarily short-term shock to the Carolingian sources of Carolingian Europe.2 In total, mid eighth- through agrarian economy. Cattle in southern and northern Europe, mid tenth-century continental texts illuminate between ten including the British Isles, were affected. In all probability, and fourteen livestock plagues, the majority of which affec- several hundreds of thousands of domestic bovines died, ted cattle.3 In no earlier period of European history does the adversely impacting food production and distribution, and written record reveal so many epizootics.4 Cattle pestilences human health. A diagnosis of the rinderpest virus (RPV) is are reported in 801, 809-10, 820, 860, 868-70, 878, 939-42 tentatively advanced.