10 Gigabit Ethernet Switching Solutions
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End-To-End Performance of 10-Gigabit Ethernet on Commodity Systems
END-TO-END PERFORMANCE OF 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET ON COMMODITY SYSTEMS INTEL’SNETWORK INTERFACE CARD FOR 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET (10GBE) ALLOWS INDIVIDUAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO CONNECT DIRECTLY TO 10GBE ETHERNET INFRASTRUCTURES. RESULTS FROM VARIOUS EVALUATIONS SUGGEST THAT 10GBE COULD SERVE IN NETWORKS FROM LANSTOWANS. From its humble beginnings as such performance to bandwidth-hungry host shared Ethernet to its current success as applications via Intel’s new 10GbE network switched Ethernet in local-area networks interface card (or adapter). We implemented (LANs) and system-area networks and its optimizations to Linux, the Transmission anticipated success in metropolitan and wide Control Protocol (TCP), and the 10GbE area networks (MANs and WANs), Ethernet adapter configurations and performed sever- continues to evolve to meet the increasing al evaluations. Results showed extraordinari- demands of packet-switched networks. It does ly higher throughput with low latency, so at low implementation cost while main- indicating that 10GbE is a viable intercon- taining high reliability and relatively simple nect for all network environments. (plug and play) installation, administration, Justin (Gus) Hurwitz and maintenance. Architecture of a 10GbE adapter Although the recently ratified 10-Gigabit The world’s first host-based 10GbE adapter, Wu-chun Feng Ethernet standard differs from earlier Ether- officially known as the Intel PRO/10GbE LR net standards, primarily in that 10GbE oper- server adapter, introduces the benefits of Los Alamos National ates only over fiber and only in full-duplex 10GbE connectivity into LAN and system- mode, the differences are largely superficial. area network environments, thereby accom- Laboratory More importantly, 10GbE does not make modating the growing number of large-scale obsolete current investments in network infra- cluster systems and bandwidth-intensive structure. -
Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern
Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern.. Page 1 of 36 [Figures are not included in this sample chapter] Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet Standards This chapter discusses the theory and standards of the three versions of Ethernet around today: regular 10Mbps Ethernet, 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, and 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet. The goal of this chapter is to educate you as a LAN manager or IT professional about essential differences between shared 10Mbps Ethernet and these newer technologies. This chapter focuses on aspects of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet that are relevant to you and doesn’t get into too much technical detail. Read this chapter and the following two (Chapter 4, "Layer 2 Ethernet Switching," and Chapter 5, "VLANs and Layer 3 Switching") together. This chapter focuses on the different Ethernet MAC and PHY standards, as well as repeaters, also known as hubs. Chapter 4 examines Ethernet bridging, also known as Layer 2 switching. Chapter 5 discusses VLANs, some basics of routing, and Layer 3 switching. These three chapters serve as a precursor to the second half of this book, namely the hands-on implementation in Chapters 8 through 12. After you understand the key differences between yesterday’s shared Ethernet and today’s Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet, evaluating products and building a network with these products should be relatively straightforward. The chapter is split into seven sections: l "Ethernet and the OSI Reference Model" discusses the OSI Reference Model and how Ethernet relates to the physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the OSI model. -
Spec TEG-S40TXD(English).Pdf
TRENDnet TRENDware, USA TEG-S40TXD What's Next in Networking 4-Port 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet Switch TRENDnet’s TEG-S40TXD Copper Gigabit Switch consist of four 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet ports with each port having Auto-negotiation and Auto-MDIX features. The Switch offers a reliable and affordable LAN solution to meet immediate bandwidth demand. Users can connect Server(s) to the Gigabit port(s) to increase network performance or cascade Copper Gigabit Switches together to create high-bandwidth Gigabit backbones. TRENDnet’s TEG- S40TXD provides simple migration, scalability, and flexibility to handle new applications and data types making it a highly reliable and cost effective solution for high-speed network connectivity. Features Benefits 4 x 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet Integration Friendly: Ports Plug-n-Play. Connects with current Fast Ethernet Cat. 5 cables. Full/Half duplex transfer mode for each port (1000Mbps in full-duplex only) Flexible: All ports automatically negotiate Auto-MDIX on each port 10/100/1000Mbps network speed. All ports are Auto-MDIX; connection can Supports store-and-forward switching architecture be made with either a straight through with non-blocking full wire-speed performance or a crossover cable. Supports aging function and 802.3x flow control for Expandability: full-duplex mode and back pressure flow control for Cascade Gigabit Switches together to half-duplex mode operation create a Gigabit backbone. Up to 8K unicast addresses entities per device Performance: Gigabit -
Ethernet and Wifi
Ethernet and WiFi hp://xkcd.com/466/ CSCI 466: Networks • Keith Vertanen • Fall 2011 Overview • Mul?ple access networks – Ethernet • Long history • Dominant wired technology – 802.11 • Dominant wireless technology 2 Classic Ethernet • Ethernet – luminferous ether through which electromagne?c radiaon once thought to propagate – Carrier Sense, Mul?ple Access with Collision Detec?on (CSMA/CD) – IEEE 802.3 Robert Metcalfe, co- inventor of Ethernet 3 Classic Ethernet • Ethernet – Xerox Ethernet standardized as IEEE 802.3 in 1983 – Xerox not interested in commercializing – Metcalfe leaves and forms 3Com 4 Ethernet connec?vity • Shared medium – All hosts hear all traffic on cable – Hosts tapped the cable – 2500m maximum length – May include repeaters amplifying signal – 10 Mbps bandwidth 5 Classic Ethernet cabling Cable aSer being "vampire" tapped. Thick Ethernet cable (yellow), 10BASE-5 transceivers, cable tapping tool (orange), 500m maximum length. Thin Ethernet cable (10BASE2) with BNC T- connector, 185m maximum length. 6 Ethernet addressing • Media Access Control address (MAC) – 48-bit globally unique address • 281,474,976,710,656 possible addresses • Should last ?ll 2100 • e.g. 01:23:45:67:89:ab – Address of all 1's is broadcast • FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 7 Ethernet frame format • Frame format – Manchester encoded – Preamble products 10-Mhz square wave • Allows clock synch between sender & receiver – Pad to at least 64-bytes (collision detec?on) Ethernet 802.3 AlternaWng 0's 48-bit MAC and 1's (except addresses SoF of 11) 8 Ethernet receivers • Hosts listens to medium – Deliver to host: • Any frame with host's MAC address • All broadcast frames (all 1's) • Mul?cast frames (if subscribed to) • Or all frames if in promiscuous mode 9 MAC sublayer • Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer – Who goes next on a shared medium – Ethernet hosts can sense if medium in use – Algorithm for sending data: 1. -
The Future Is 40 Gigabit Ethernet White Paper Cisco Public
The Future Is 40 Gigabit Ethernet White Paper Cisco Public The Future Is 40 Gigabit Ethernet © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Future Is 40 Gigabit Ethernet White Paper Cisco Public Executive Summary The business case for 40 Gigabit Ethernet is becoming inescapably compelling. While 10 Gigabit Ethernet is still making its way into the data centers, CIOs and IT managers must now consider how they are going to handle what’s coming next: high-bandwidth applications such as server virtualization and cloud computing; fabric consolidation within the data center; and a greater demand for high-performance computing among end users (see Figure 1). The need for faster data transfer rates is relentless and carries significant implications with regard to network productivity as well as operating expenditure (OpEx) costs. Figure 1. Current Trends Driving the Demand for This report addresses the impending move to 40 Higher-Speed Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet, how it may change the network architecture, and what IT managers can do now to Market Drivers for More Bandwidth prepare to migrate to the new standard. Consumer & Broadband Access Introduction: The Business Case for Content 40 Gigabit Ethernet Providers Since February 1980, when the first IEEE 802 Server Virtualization standards committee convened, speeds in Ethernet Video on delivery to all layers have made increasingly greater Demand leaps over increasingly shorter intervals. In 2016, Blade Server Higher eight years after the adoption of 10 Gigabit Ethernet, Speed Service the IEEE has adopted 802.3ba, paving the way for Providers & Ethernet IXCs 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet. -
Towards 100 Gbps Ethernet: Development of Ethernet / Physical Layer Aspects
SEMINAR ON TOPICS IN COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 1 Towards 100 Gbps Ethernet: Development of Ethernet / Physical Layer Aspects Ömer Bulakci Abstract — Physical layer features of Ethernet from the first released clauses and ongoing architecture researches for 100 realization towards the 100 Gb Ethernet (100 GbE) development GbE are elaborated. have been considered. Comparisons of these features are made according to the standardized data rates. Feasible physical layer TABLE I options are then discussed for high data rates. Milestones of 802.3 IEEE Standard I. INTRODUCTION Clause Date of Bit Physical THERNET is the most widely deployed Local Area Name Release Rate Medium Network (LAN) protocol and has been extended to E 802.3a Single Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and Wide Area (Thin Ethernet) 1985 10 Mbps Thin Coaxial Networks (WAN) [1]. The major advantages that characterize (Cheapernet) Cable Ethernet can be stated as its cost efficiency, traditional tenfold bit rate increase (from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps), simplicity, high 802.3i 1990 10 Mbps TP Copper transmission reliability and worldwide interoperability 802.3j 1993 10 Mbps Two MMFs between vendors [2]. TP Copper The first experimental Ethernet was developed during the 802.3u 1995 100 Mbps Two Fibers early 1970s by XEROX Corporation in a coaxial cable (Fast Ethernet) (MMF,SMF) network with a data rate about 3 Mbps [3]. The initial 802.3z 1998 1 Gbps MMF, SMF standardization process of Ethernet was started in 1979 by (Gigabit Ethernet) Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Intel and Xerox. In 802.3ab 1999 1 Gbps TP Copper 1980, DIX Standard known as the “Thick Ethernet” was 802.3ae 2002 10 Gbps MMF,SMF released. -
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Vijay Moorthy, ([email protected]) Ethernet is the world's most pervasive networking technology. Gigabit Ethernet is the latest version of Ethernet. It offers 1000 Mbps ( 1 Gbps ) raw bandwidth, that is 100 times faster than the original Ethernet, yet is compatible with existing Ethernets, as it uses the same CSMA/CD and MAC protocols. When Gigabit Ethernet enters the market it will compete directly with ATM. This paper presents a survey of Gigabit Ethernet technology. Other Reports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 History of Ethernet 1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 2. Physical Layer 2.1 1000Base-X 2.2 1000Base-T 3. MAC Layer 3.1 Carrier Extension 3.2 Packet Bursting 4. GMII ( Gigabit Media Independent Interface ) 4.1 PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) 4.2 PMA (Physical Medium Attachment) 4.3 PMD (Physical Medium Dependent) 5. Buffered Distributor 6. Topologies 6.1 Upgrading server-switch connections 6.2 Upgrading switch-switch connections 6.3 Upgrading a Fast Ethernet backbone 6.4 Upgrading a Shared FDDI Backbone 6.5 Upgrading High Performance Workstations 7. ATM vs. Gigabit Ethernet 8. Summary 9. Bibliography and Links http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/gigabit_ethernet/index.htm (1 of 12) [2/7/2000 12:24:48 PM] Gigabit Ethernet 1. Introduction Ethernet is the world's most pervasive networking technology , since the 1970's. It is estimated that in 1996, 82% of all networking equipment shipped was Ethernet. In 1995 ,the Fast Ethernet Standard was approved by the IEEE. -
Latticesc/M Broadcom XAUI/Higig 10 Gbps Lattice Semiconductor Physical Layer Interoperability Over CX-4
LatticeSC/M Broadcom® XAUI/HiGig™ 10 Gbps Physical Layer Interoperability Over CX-4 August 2007 Technical Note TN1155 Introduction This technical note describes a physical layer 10-Gigabit Ethernet and HiGig (10 Gbps) interoperability test between a LatticeSC/M device and the Broadcom BCM56800 network switch. The test was limited to the physical layer (up to XGMII) of the 10-Gigabit Ethernet protocol stack. Specifically, the document discusses the following topics: • Overview of LatticeSC™ and LatticeSCM™ devices and Broadcom BCM56800 network switch • Physical layer interoperability setup and results Two significant aspects of the interoperability test need to be highlighted: • The BCM56800 uses a CX-4 HiGig port, whereas the LatticeSC Communications Platform Evaluation Board provides an SMA connector. A CX-4 to SMA conversion board was used as a physical medium interface to cre- ate a physical link between both boards. The SMA side of the CX-4 to SMA conversion board has four differential TX/RX channels (10 Gbps bandwidth total). All four SMA channels (Quad 360) were connected to the LatticeSC side. • The physical layer interoperability ran at a 10-Gbps data rate (12.5-Gbps aggregated rate). XAUI Interoperability XAUI is a high-speed interconnect that offers reduced pin count and the ability to drive up to 20” of PCB trace on standard FR-4 material. In order to connect a 10-Gigabit Ethernet MAC to an off-chip PHY device, an XGMII inter- face is used. The XGMII is a low-speed parallel interface for short range (approximately 2”) interconnects. XAUI interoperability is based on the 10-Gigabit Ethernet standard (IEEE Standard 802.3ae-2002). -
Modern Ethernet
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen All-In-One / Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide / Meyers / 225345-2 / Chapter 6 CHAPTER Modern Ethernet 6 The Network+ Certification exam expects you to know how to • 1.2 Specify the main features of 802.2 (Logical Link Control) [and] 802.3 (Ethernet): speed, access method, topology, media • 1.3 Specify the characteristics (for example: speed, length, topology, and cable type) of the following cable standards: 10BaseT and 10BaseFL; 100BaseTX and 100BaseFX; 1000BaseTX, 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX, and 1000BaseLX; 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR, and 10GBaseER • 1.4 Recognize the following media connectors and describe their uses: RJ-11, RJ-45, F-type, ST,SC, IEEE 1394, LC, MTRJ • 1.6 Identify the purposes, features, and functions of the following network components: hubs, switches • 2.3 Identify the OSI layers at which the following network components operate: hubs, switches To achieve these goals, you must be able to • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used in 10BaseT and 10BaseFL • Explain how to connect multiple Ethernet segments • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used with 100Base and Gigabit Ethernet Historical/Conceptual The first generation of Ethernet network technologies enjoyed substantial adoption in the networking world, but their bus topology continued to be their Achilles’ heel—a sin- gle break anywhere on the bus completely shut down an entire network. In the mid- 1980s, IBM unveiled a competing network technology called Token Ring. You’ll get the complete discussion of Token Ring in the next chapter, but it’s enough for now to say that Token Ring used a physical star topology. -
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules
Data Sheet Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series 10 Gigabit Ethernet Modules Cisco data center switching delivers relentless velocity: Architecture scalability supports growth in any direction; Operational manageability maximizes service velocity and IT staff productivity; Comprehensive resilience addresses many potential sources of downtime. Figure 1. Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series 4-Port 10 Gigabit Ethernet Module Figure 2. Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series 8-Port 10 Gigabit Ethernet Module PRODUCT OVERVIEW The Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series has an 8-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet module and a 4-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet module. These modules support pluggable optics to support distances up to 80km over single-mode fiber, 300m over multimode fiber, and 15m over copper. The 8-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet module provides up to 64 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports in a single Catalyst 6500 chassis, ideal for deployment in the aggregation layer of LAN campus and data centers. Both modules are interoperable with the Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Supervisor Engine 720 and provide 40 Gbps connection to the switch fabric. Building upon the award-winning Catalyst 6500 Series, these 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules are backward compatible with all existing Catalyst 6500 line cards and services modules, enabling service providers and enterprises to offer new Layer 2 through 7 services and network capabilities to increase revenue and user productivity without complete equipment upgrades. The Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules are designed for deployment in the distribution and core of campus and data center for traffic aggregation or for interbuilding, points of presence (POPs), WAN edge, and MAN connections. These modules support IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation and Cisco EtherChannel ® technology for fault-tolerant connectivity and bandwidth scalability of up to 80 Gbps per EtherChannel connection. -
10G EPON Remote OLT XE4202M 10G EPON R‐OLT with Dpoe™
arris.com 10G EPON Remote OLT XE4202M 10G EPON R‐OLT with DPoE™ FEATURES • Provides deep reach of IEEE 802.3av 10G EPON FTTx commercial and residential services well beyond the typical 20 km PON reach using remote nodes/VHubs and long‐distance uplink optics • Uses the ARRIS server‐based OLT Manager application for provisioning and management operations; compatible with DOCSIS® back‐office OSS systems and utilizing standard DPoE OAM messaging to configure R‐OLTs and ONUs • Standard 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) optical interfaces to the Converged Interconnect Network (CIN) Secure‐Leaf switch/router • Subscriber access supports 10G/10G (10GBASE‐PR30), 10G/1G Shown with XFP and SFP+ Transceiver Optics (10/1GBASE‐PRX30), and 1G/1G (1000BASE‐PX20) EPON via separate optical transceivers. Each of two EPON ports support 128 ONUs. • Seamless integration and coexistence with RF video and RFoG networks, supporting shared or independent FTTx installations • Installs in NH2000, NC4000 HFC Nodes, and NH4000/NH4600 VHub/UVHub platforms • Enables ONU provisioning using DPoE v2.0 PRODUCT OVERVIEW The XE4202 10G EPON R‐OLT (Remote Optical Line Terminal) module is installed into ARRIS NH2, NH4 VHub/UVHub, and NC4 HFC Node platforms enabling 10G and 1G symmetric and 10G/1G asymmetric EPON access connectivity from standard cable TV HFC or RFoG nodes and VHubs. The R‐OLT allows operators to serve customers at distances well beyond the typical centralized PON reach by utilizing standard long haul 10GE uplink optics to connect the R‐OLT to the S‐Leaf switch/router in their Converged Interconnect Network. © 2021 CommScope, Inc. All rights reserved. -
AN 249: Implementing 10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI in Stratix GX Devices
Implementing 10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI in Stratix GX Devices November 2002, ver. 1.0 Application Note 249 Introduction A main system bottleneck in high-speed communications equipment is data transmission from chip-to-chip and over backplanes. StratixTM GX devices help remedy the problem by supporting 3.125-gigabit per second (Gbps) channels and integrating advanced functionality into the device’s logic array. Versatile Stratix GX transceiver blocks support many emerging industry protocols that require high-speed differential I/O with clock data recovery (CDR) (e.g., 10 Gigabit Ethernet via the 10-Gbps attachment unit interface [XAUI]), SONET scrambled backplane, and custom implementations. The Stratix GX transceiver block is designed to support XAUI. In addition, the other 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface protocols (i.e., 10-gigabit, 16-bit interface [XSBI] and 10-gigabit medium independent interface [XGMII]) are also supported by Stratix GX devices. This application note discusses the following topics: ■ Fundamentals of 10 Gigabit Ethernet & XAUI ■ XAUI electrical specifications ■ Implementing XAUI in Stratix GX devices ■ Using Quartus II to implement XAUI ■ Applications of Stratix GX and XAUI Fundamentals Over the years, Ethernet speed has leapfrogged from the initial 10 megabits per second (Mbps), to 100 Mbps, and more recently to of 10 Gigabit 1 Gbps. Today, the Ethernet is the dominant network technology in local Ethernet & area networks (LANs), and with the advent of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet, it is now competitive in the metropolitan area network (MAN) and wide XAUI area network (WAN) markets. The purpose of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard is to extend IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) operating speed to 10 Gbps and include WAN applications.