Towards 100 Gbps Ethernet: Development of Ethernet / Physical Layer Aspects
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End-To-End Performance of 10-Gigabit Ethernet on Commodity Systems
END-TO-END PERFORMANCE OF 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET ON COMMODITY SYSTEMS INTEL’SNETWORK INTERFACE CARD FOR 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET (10GBE) ALLOWS INDIVIDUAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO CONNECT DIRECTLY TO 10GBE ETHERNET INFRASTRUCTURES. RESULTS FROM VARIOUS EVALUATIONS SUGGEST THAT 10GBE COULD SERVE IN NETWORKS FROM LANSTOWANS. From its humble beginnings as such performance to bandwidth-hungry host shared Ethernet to its current success as applications via Intel’s new 10GbE network switched Ethernet in local-area networks interface card (or adapter). We implemented (LANs) and system-area networks and its optimizations to Linux, the Transmission anticipated success in metropolitan and wide Control Protocol (TCP), and the 10GbE area networks (MANs and WANs), Ethernet adapter configurations and performed sever- continues to evolve to meet the increasing al evaluations. Results showed extraordinari- demands of packet-switched networks. It does ly higher throughput with low latency, so at low implementation cost while main- indicating that 10GbE is a viable intercon- taining high reliability and relatively simple nect for all network environments. (plug and play) installation, administration, Justin (Gus) Hurwitz and maintenance. Architecture of a 10GbE adapter Although the recently ratified 10-Gigabit The world’s first host-based 10GbE adapter, Wu-chun Feng Ethernet standard differs from earlier Ether- officially known as the Intel PRO/10GbE LR net standards, primarily in that 10GbE oper- server adapter, introduces the benefits of Los Alamos National ates only over fiber and only in full-duplex 10GbE connectivity into LAN and system- mode, the differences are largely superficial. area network environments, thereby accom- Laboratory More importantly, 10GbE does not make modating the growing number of large-scale obsolete current investments in network infra- cluster systems and bandwidth-intensive structure. -
40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Overview
Extreme Networks White Paper 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Overview Abstract This paper takes a look at the main forces that are driving Ethernet bandwidth upwards. It looks at the standards and architectural practices adopted by the different segments, how the different speeds of Ethernet are used and how its popularity has resulted in an ecosystem spanning data centers, carrier networks, enterprise networks, and consumers. Make Your Network Mobile © 2011 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce. Extreme Networks White Paper: 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet Overview and how its popularity has resulted in a complex ecosys- Overview tem between carrier networks, enterprise networks, and consumers. There are many reasons driving the need for higher bandwidth Ethernet, however, the main reason is our insatiable appetite for content. The definition of content Driving the Need for Speed in itself has evolved over time – where once the majority of traffic on an Ethernet network may have been occa- Ethernet in the Enterprise and Data sional file transfers, emails and the like, today technology Center is allowing us to push and receive richer content such Data center virtualization, which includes storage and as voice, video and high definition multimedia. Simi- server virtualization, is all about the efficient use of larly, mechanisms for delivering content have evolved resources. In the data center this is multifaceted. On over time to reflect this demand. While there were a few the one hand data center managers are trying to bring technologies competing for LAN dominance in the early power, cooling and space utilization under control, while days of networks, Ethernet has become the clear choice. -
ATM Vs Gigabit Ethernet: a Technical Perspective
White Paper Gigabit Ethernet and ATM A Technology Perspective Bursty, high-bandwidth applications are driving the need for similarly high-bandwidth campus backbone infrastructures. Today, there are two choices for the high-speed campus backbone: ATM or Gigabit Ethernet. For many reasons, business and technical, Gigabit Ethernet is selected as the technology of choice. This paper briefly presents, from a technical perspective, why Gigabit Ethernet is favored for most enterprise LANs. In the past, most campuses use shared-media backbones — such as 16/32 Mbps Token-Ring and 100 Mbps FDDI — that are only slightly higher in speed than the LANs and end stations they interconnect. This has caused severe congestion in the campus backbones when these backbones interconnect a number of access LANs. A high capacity, high performance, and highly resilient backbone is needed-one that can be scaled as end stations grow in number or demand more bandwidth. Also needed is the ability to support differentiated service levels (Quality of Service or QoS), so that high priority, time-sensitive, and mission-critical applications can share the same network infrastructure as those that require only best-effort service. 2 Gigabit Ethernet and ATM: A Technology Perspective White Paper Until recently, Asynchronous Transfer Interface, and Multiprotocol over ATM). Which is a “better” technology is no Mode (ATM) was the only switching This additional complexity is required in longer a subject of heated industry debate technology able to deliver high capacity order to adapt ATM to the connectionless, — Gigabit Ethernet is an appropriate and scalable bandwidth, with the promise frame-based world of the campus LAN. -
1) What Is the Name of an Ethernet Cable That Contains Two
1) What is the name of an Ethernet cable that contains two electrical conductors ? A coaxial cable 2) What are the names of the two common conditions that degrade the signals on c opper-based cables? Crosstal and attenuation 3) Which topology requires the use of terminators? Bus 4) Which of the following topologies is implemented only logically, not physical ly? Ring 5) How many wire pairs are actually used on a typical UTP Ethernet network? Two 6) What is the name of the process of building a frame around network layer info rmation? Data encapsulation 7) Which of the connectors on a network interface adapter transmits data in para llel? The System bus connector 8) Which two of the following hardware resources do network interface adapters a lways require? I/O port address and IRQ 9) What is the name of the process by which a network interface adapter determin es when it should transmit its data over the network? Media Access Control 10) Which bus type is preferred for a NIC that will be connected to a Fast Ether net network? PCI 11) A passive hub does not do which of the following? Transmit management information using SNMP 12) To connect two Ethernet hubs together, you must do which of the following? Connect the uplink port in one hub to a standard port on the other 13) Which term describes a port in a Token Ring MAU that is not part of the ring ? Intelligent 14) A hub that functions as a repeater inhibits the effect of____________? Attenuation 15) You can use which of the following to connect two Ethernet computers togethe r using UTP -
Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern
Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern.. Page 1 of 36 [Figures are not included in this sample chapter] Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet Standards This chapter discusses the theory and standards of the three versions of Ethernet around today: regular 10Mbps Ethernet, 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, and 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet. The goal of this chapter is to educate you as a LAN manager or IT professional about essential differences between shared 10Mbps Ethernet and these newer technologies. This chapter focuses on aspects of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet that are relevant to you and doesn’t get into too much technical detail. Read this chapter and the following two (Chapter 4, "Layer 2 Ethernet Switching," and Chapter 5, "VLANs and Layer 3 Switching") together. This chapter focuses on the different Ethernet MAC and PHY standards, as well as repeaters, also known as hubs. Chapter 4 examines Ethernet bridging, also known as Layer 2 switching. Chapter 5 discusses VLANs, some basics of routing, and Layer 3 switching. These three chapters serve as a precursor to the second half of this book, namely the hands-on implementation in Chapters 8 through 12. After you understand the key differences between yesterday’s shared Ethernet and today’s Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet, evaluating products and building a network with these products should be relatively straightforward. The chapter is split into seven sections: l "Ethernet and the OSI Reference Model" discusses the OSI Reference Model and how Ethernet relates to the physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the OSI model. -
Spec TEG-S40TXD(English).Pdf
TRENDnet TRENDware, USA TEG-S40TXD What's Next in Networking 4-Port 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet Switch TRENDnet’s TEG-S40TXD Copper Gigabit Switch consist of four 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet ports with each port having Auto-negotiation and Auto-MDIX features. The Switch offers a reliable and affordable LAN solution to meet immediate bandwidth demand. Users can connect Server(s) to the Gigabit port(s) to increase network performance or cascade Copper Gigabit Switches together to create high-bandwidth Gigabit backbones. TRENDnet’s TEG- S40TXD provides simple migration, scalability, and flexibility to handle new applications and data types making it a highly reliable and cost effective solution for high-speed network connectivity. Features Benefits 4 x 10/100/1000Mbps Copper Gigabit Ethernet Integration Friendly: Ports Plug-n-Play. Connects with current Fast Ethernet Cat. 5 cables. Full/Half duplex transfer mode for each port (1000Mbps in full-duplex only) Flexible: All ports automatically negotiate Auto-MDIX on each port 10/100/1000Mbps network speed. All ports are Auto-MDIX; connection can Supports store-and-forward switching architecture be made with either a straight through with non-blocking full wire-speed performance or a crossover cable. Supports aging function and 802.3x flow control for Expandability: full-duplex mode and back pressure flow control for Cascade Gigabit Switches together to half-duplex mode operation create a Gigabit backbone. Up to 8K unicast addresses entities per device Performance: Gigabit -
Ethernet and Wifi
Ethernet and WiFi hp://xkcd.com/466/ CSCI 466: Networks • Keith Vertanen • Fall 2011 Overview • Mul?ple access networks – Ethernet • Long history • Dominant wired technology – 802.11 • Dominant wireless technology 2 Classic Ethernet • Ethernet – luminferous ether through which electromagne?c radiaon once thought to propagate – Carrier Sense, Mul?ple Access with Collision Detec?on (CSMA/CD) – IEEE 802.3 Robert Metcalfe, co- inventor of Ethernet 3 Classic Ethernet • Ethernet – Xerox Ethernet standardized as IEEE 802.3 in 1983 – Xerox not interested in commercializing – Metcalfe leaves and forms 3Com 4 Ethernet connec?vity • Shared medium – All hosts hear all traffic on cable – Hosts tapped the cable – 2500m maximum length – May include repeaters amplifying signal – 10 Mbps bandwidth 5 Classic Ethernet cabling Cable aSer being "vampire" tapped. Thick Ethernet cable (yellow), 10BASE-5 transceivers, cable tapping tool (orange), 500m maximum length. Thin Ethernet cable (10BASE2) with BNC T- connector, 185m maximum length. 6 Ethernet addressing • Media Access Control address (MAC) – 48-bit globally unique address • 281,474,976,710,656 possible addresses • Should last ?ll 2100 • e.g. 01:23:45:67:89:ab – Address of all 1's is broadcast • FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 7 Ethernet frame format • Frame format – Manchester encoded – Preamble products 10-Mhz square wave • Allows clock synch between sender & receiver – Pad to at least 64-bytes (collision detec?on) Ethernet 802.3 AlternaWng 0's 48-bit MAC and 1's (except addresses SoF of 11) 8 Ethernet receivers • Hosts listens to medium – Deliver to host: • Any frame with host's MAC address • All broadcast frames (all 1's) • Mul?cast frames (if subscribed to) • Or all frames if in promiscuous mode 9 MAC sublayer • Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer – Who goes next on a shared medium – Ethernet hosts can sense if medium in use – Algorithm for sending data: 1. -
100 Gigabit Ethernet Is Here!
100 Gigabit Ethernet is Here! Introduction Ethernet technology has come a long way since its humble beginning in 1973 at Xerox PARC. With each subsequent iteration, there has been a lag between time of standardization and large scale adoption. The latest iteration, dubbed 802.3ba by the IEEE Higher Speed Study Group (HSSG), was ratified in June, 2010 and follows this same pattern but with a slight twist. For the first time in Ethernet history a single standard defines two separate speeds; 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) as well as 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE). Figure 1: Original Ethernet Sketch The technical challenges facing 100GbE have been significant; ranging from developing a whole new generation of optics that can handle 4 lanes of 25Gbps, to simply dealing with normal router and switch functions such as packet inspection, queuing, lookups, filtering and table updates, all in one-tenth the amount of time as with 10GbE. And of course this all has to be done with complete backwards compatibility and meeting all expectations with respect to bit error rate, latency, jitter and the like. As expected 40GbE gained some level of market acceptance first, but some 5 years after ratification the time for 100 Gigabit Ethernet is now! 2 | P a g e This whitepaper will discuss the evolution of 100GbE technology in the service provider and data center markets and provide insights in to how network application acceleration hardware can be leveraged to maximize performance and efficiency in emerging 100GbE network appliances. 100GbE in Service Providers Networks 100GbE is rapidly approaching large scale adoption in the wide area network (WAN), which is largely the purview of service providers. -
Transceiver Product Guide
PUBLIC_REV2017_N Transceiver Product Guide TRANSCEIVER PRODUCT GUIDE Skylaneoptics.com Transceivers for Datacom and Telecom Applications Skylane Optics is a leading provider of transceivers for optical communication. We offer an extensive portfolio for the enterprise, access, and metropolitan fiber optical market. The offerings provided by Skylane Optics are characterized by high quality and performance. In combination with our strong technical support, we enable our customers to build cost optimized network solutions solving existing and future capacity needs. Solutions Data Center Optimized fiber optic solution for Data Center Application FTTH Broad Product Portfoloio and Technology for FTTH Broadband Networks Wireless Enabling Rapid Expnsion of Mobile Broadband Enterprise - Campus We provides the enterprise network market with the most comprehensive product combinations TRANSCEIVER PRODUCT GUIDE P01 Products Our Engineering and Logistics Center > Inventory, logistics, programming and quality > control based in Fraire, Belgium > IQC [Incoming Quality Control] and OQC > [Outgoing Quality Control] > 100% optimized for handling of transceivers > SD [ANSI/ESD S20.20] compliant > Clean room environment; class 100K > Traceability > High Capacity Our Laboratory > Lab, based in Fraire, Belgium > Technical support > RMA handling > Qualification tests: > - Measure performance over the temperature range to verify compliance with standards > - Compliance with standards (IEEE, IEC, MSA) > - Power consumption > - Eye diagram > - Sensitivity > - Wavelength TRANSCEIVER PRODUCT GUIDE P02 Why Skylane Optics ? Innovations for Early Adopters Quality & Assurance Customization The manufacturing environment is strictly We have cutting-edge test equipment to Due to our high experienced engineers, compliant to most avanced standard, which ensure we supply high quality products. we are enable to modify the hardware and ensure long term reliability. software of the transceivers. -
IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008)
IEEE Standard for Ethernet IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008) 28 December 2012 IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2008) IEEE Standard for Ethernet Sponsor LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 30 August 2012 IEEE-SA Standard Board Abstract: Ethernet local area network operation is specified for selected speeds of operation from 1 Mb/s to 100 Gb/s using a common media access control (MAC) specification and management information base (MIB). The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) MAC protocol specifies shared medium (half duplex) operation, as well as full duplex operation. Speed specific Media Independent Interfaces (MIIs) allow use of selected Physical Layer devices (PHY) for operation over coaxial, twisted-pair or fiber optic cables. System considerations for multisegment shared access networks describe the use of Repeaters that are defined for operational speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. Local Area Network (LAN) operation is supported at all speeds. Other specified capabilities include various PHY types for access networks, PHYs suitable for metropolitan area network applications, and the provision of power over selected twisted-pair PHY types. Keywords: 10BASE; 100BASE; 1000BASE; 10GBASE; 40GBASE; 100GBASE; 10 Gigabit Ethernet; 40 Gigabit Ethernet; 100 Gigabit Ethernet; attachment unit interface; AUI; Auto Negotiation; Backplane Ethernet; data processing; DTE Power via the MDI; EPON; Ethernet; Ethernet in the First Mile; Ethernet passive optical network; Fast Ethernet; Gigabit Ethernet; GMII; information exchange; IEEE 802.3; local area network; management; medium dependent interface; media independent interface; MDI; MIB; MII; PHY; physical coding sublayer; Physical Layer; physical medium attachment; PMA; Power over Ethernet; repeater; type field; VLAN TAG; XGMII The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. -
Datasheet - Public
Marvell® Alaska® 88E1510/88E1518/88E1512/88E1514 Integrated 10/100/1000 Mbps Energy Efficient Ethernet Transceiver Datasheet - Public Doc. No. MV-S107146-U0 Rev. E June 3, 2021 Document Classification: Public Cover Alaska 88E1510/88E1518/88E1512/88E1514 Datasheet - Public THIS DOCUMENT AND THE INFORMATION FURNISHED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. MARVELL AND ITS AFFILIATES EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM AND MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR GUARANTEES, WHETHER EXPRESS, ORAL, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW, OR AS A RESULT OF USAGE OF TRADE, COURSE OF DEALING, OR COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. This document, including any software or firmware referenced in this document, is owned by Marvell or Marvell's licensors, and is protected by intellectual property laws. No license, express or implied, to any Marvell intellectual property rights is granted by this document. The information furnished in this document is provided for reference purposes only for use with Marvell products. It is the user's own responsibility to design or build products with this information. Marvell products are not authorized for use as critical components in medical devices, military systems, life or critical support devices, or related systems. Marvell is not liable, in whole or in part, and the user will indemnify and hold Marvell harmless for any claim, damage, or other liability related to any such use of Marvell products. Marvell assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information or for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. -
TR-200 Using EPON in the Context of TR-101
TECHNICAL REPORT TR-200 Using EPON in the Context of TR-101 Issue: 1 Corrigendum 1 Issue Date: July 2011 © The Broadband Forum. All rights reserved. Using EPON in the Context of TR-101 TR-200 Issue 1 Corrigendum 1 Notice The Broadband Forum is a non-profit corporation organized to create guidelines for broadband network system development and deployment. This Broadband Forum Technical Report has been approved by members of the Forum. This Broadband Forum Technical Report is not binding on the Broadband Forum, any of its members, or any developer or service provider. This Broadband Forum Technical Report is subject to change, but only with approval of members of the Forum. This Technical Report is copyrighted by the Broadband Forum, and all rights are reserved. Portions of this Technical Report may be copyrighted by Broadband Forum members. This Broadband Forum Technical Report is provided AS IS, WITH ALL FAULTS. ANY PERSON HOLDING A COPYRIGHT IN THIS BROADBAND FORUM TECHNICAL REPORT, OR ANY PORTION THEREOF, DISCLAIMS TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTY: (A) OF ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR TITLE; (B) THAT THE CONTENTS OF THIS BROADBAND FORUM TECHNICAL REPORT ARE SUITABLE FOR ANY PURPOSE, EVEN IF THAT PURPOSE IS KNOWN TO THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER; (C) THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE TECHNICAL REPORT WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. By using this Broadband Forum Technical Report, users acknowledge that implementation may require licenses to patents.