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Variation, Utilisation, Et Information Contenue Dans Le Chant Des Pétrels Nichant En Terrier Aux Iles Kerguelen Charlène Gemard

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Variation, Utilisation, Et Information Contenue Dans Le Chant Des Pétrels Nichant En Terrier Aux Iles Kerguelen Charlène Gemard Variation, utilisation, et information contenue dans le chant des pétrels nichant en terrier aux iles Kerguelen Charlène Gemard To cite this version: Charlène Gemard. Variation, utilisation, et information contenue dans le chant des pétrels nichant en terrier aux iles Kerguelen. Sciences agricoles. Université Montpellier, 2020. Français. NNT : 2020MONTG054. tel-03329664 HAL Id: tel-03329664 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03329664 Submitted on 31 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE M ONTPELLIER En Ecologie et Biodiversité École doctorale GAIA – Biodiversité, Agriculture, Alimentation, Environnement, Terre, Eau Unité de recherche CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Variation, use and informative content of burrowing petrel s’ male calls in Kerguelen Présentée par Charlène GEMARD Le 03 décembre 2020 Sous la direction de Francesco BONADONNA et Thierry AUBIN Devant le jury composé de Dr. Pierrick BOCHER, MCF, LIENSs-CNRS-Université de la Rochelle Rapporteur Dr. Charlotte CURE, CR2, CEREMA Rapportrice Dr. Claire DOUTRELANT, DR, CEFE-CNRS Examinatrice, Présidente du jury Dr. Leonida FUSANI, Prof., Université de Vienne Examinateur Dr. Francesco BONADONNA, DR2, CEFE-CNRS Directeur Dr. Thierry AUBIN, DR, CNRS Co-directeur Page intentionally left blank. “Every answer contains a new quest ”. A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S I am so grateful for everything I had the opportunity to do, learn, and discover during the three last years. This work would not have been possible without the sound advices, unfailing support, and loyal confidence of patient people that surrounded me during my PhD. This work was supported by a grant from the doctoral school GAIA, which covered my salary and thus offered me the chance to complete this project. The CEFE hosted me during three years and provided me pleasant working conditions. Many thanks to Richard Joffre and Marie-Laure Navas, and to all the administrative and technical staff for their help. Pierrick Bocher, Charlotte Curé, Claire Doutrelant, and Leonida Fusani agreed to be members of my committee and to evaluate the result of these three years. Arnaud Grégoire, Matthieu Guillemain, and Clémentine Vignal, as members of my PhD advisory board, provided sound advices and tough questions. They redirected my reflexion and inspired me when I needed it most. My advisors, Thierry Aubin and Francesco Bonadonna, accompanied me at each step of the way over the years. I am thankful for the incredible opportunity they gave me, for their guidance and for their trust. They shared with me their passion, skills, field anecdotes and knowledge. I enjoyed our mutual stubbornness, which was challenging in an inspiring way. I am also immensely grateful to them for introducing me to the incredible Kerguelen archipelago. Sylvia Campagna, Samuel Caro, Aurélie Célérier, and all members of the Behavioural Ecology Team at the CEFE, warmly welcomed me. They gave me advice and unconditional support in all respects. The morning coffee breaks and bad jokes at lunch were a sacred ritual I am going to miss. None of this would have been possible without the French Polar Institute (Institut Paul-Emile Victor: IPEV), which logistically and financially supports fieldwork in the French austral territories (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: TAAF) and especially in the lovely remote archipelago of Kerguelen. The logistic team on the boat and on the field was always helpful and found solutions to any requests I may have had. Thank you for everything you have done in Kerguelen and for your endless energy. Guilhem Battistella, Matthieu Bergès, Samuel Perret and Timothée Zidat accompanied me on the field and helped as field assistants. They were a real and pleasant support in the lab and in the field. I am grateful to all the challenges, stimulating discussion and nice moments we shared together. Eliette Reboud, Jérémy Chahelot, and Léo Maucourt helped me analysing data during their internships. I am glad I had the opportunity to supervise and work with them, although they certainly paid the price of my beginnings in supervision. I wish them all the best in their future adventures. Manon Amiguet, Selim Ben Chéhida, Jessica Graham, Louise Heitzmann, Raphaël Mosson, Pablo Pezzino, Amélie Hoste, Timothée Zidat, and all the persons I was delighted to share the office with, gave me advices and inspiration during these three years. I am fully convinced that the good times we shared had a positive impact on my work (Lortie, 2010). Finally, to my loved one, especially my family and Jérémy, thank you for your patience when I was on the field for several months, your attention when I needed to complain, and your resilience during my mood swings. Most of all, thank you for your unfailing support and your love. TABLEOFCONTENTS FIGURES, BOXES, TABLES ............................................................................................................... i List of figures .................................................................................................................................... i List of boxes...................................................................................................................................... ii List of tables...................................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF COMMUNICATIONS .......................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 About animal communication .......................................................................................................... 2 Informative content of vocal signals ................................................................................................ 8 Vocal communication in noisy environments .................................................................................. 12 Selective pressure on vocal signals .................................................................................................. 16 Seabirds as models of sexual vocal interactions ............................................................................... 20 The special case of burrowing petrels .............................................................................................. 24 Thesis aims and hypothesis .............................................................................................................. 28 GENERAL METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 31 Studied species ................................................................................................................................. 32 Study site .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Study period ..................................................................................................................................... 39 Acoustic experiments and analyses .................................................................................................. 40 CHAPTER I STATIC INFORMATIVE CONTENT IN MALE CALLS ..................................... 45 Article 1 Males’ calls carry information about individual identity and morphological characteristics of the caller in burrowing petrels ........................................................... 47 CHAPTER II VOCAL PLASITICTY AND MOTIVATION........................................................... 81 Article 2 Contextual variations in calls of two non-oscine birds: the blue petrel and the Antarctic prion ................................................................................................... 83 Article 3 Getting the timing right: Doppler Effect in female flight calls as a distance cue for male calling in two burrowing petrels ............................................................... 121 CHAPTER III INFLUENCE OF MALE CALLS IN FEMALE MATE CHOICE ......................... 141 Article 4 Call rate, fundamental frequency, and syntax determine male-call attractiveness in blue petrels Halobaena caerulea ............................................................................... 143 Article 5 Females do not prefer aggregated males in breeding colonies of Antarctic prions Pachyptila desolata ............................................................................................ 176 CHAPTER IV BURROW EFFECT ON CALL PROPAGATION AND ATTRACTIVENESS .... 193 Article 6 Burrow effect on call propagation and its influence on female mate choice in the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea .........................................................................
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