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Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT USING MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION AND FLOOD INUNDATION MODELLING: THE CASE OF UPPER AWASH BASIN, ETHIOPIA By: Reta Birhanu GSR/4239/10 Advisor: Dr. Ermias Teferi A Thesis submitted to School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Geodesy and Geomatics (Specialization in Geomatics) Addis Ababa 2020 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering This is to certify the Thesis Prepared by Reta Birhanu, entitled as ‘Flood Risk assessment using multi-criteria evaluation and flood inundation modelling: the case of Upper Awash basin, Ethiopia’ Is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Geodesy and Geomatics (Specialization in Geomatics) Compiles with the Regulations of the University and Meets the Accepted Standards with its Originality and Quality. Approved by board of examiners: Dr. Ermias Teferi Advisor Signature Date Dr. Worku Zewdie Internal Examiner Signature Date Dr. Berhan Gessese External Examiner Signature Date Chair person Signature Date Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis, entitled “Flood Risk assessment using multi-criteria evaluation and flood inundation modelling: the case of Upper Awash basin, Ethiopia” which I submit to School of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Addis Ababa University Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement of degree of Master of Science in Geodesy and Geomatics (Specialization in Geomatics), is my original work carried out under the supervision of Ermias Teferi (PhD). It has not been presented for a degree in any other universities and all sources of materials used for the thesis work have been properly acknowledged. Reta Birhanu Endale Student Name Signature ID This MSc Thesis has been submitted for Examination with My Approval as Thesis advisor. Dr. Ermias Teferi Advisor Name Signature ID i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and for most, I would like to thank Jesus for his provisions, protections and support in my entire life and the holy mother Saint Mary. This thesis would not have been possible without the help and guidance of several individual who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in preparation and completion of this study. In fact it is impossible to list all of the, therefore the following list is horribly incomplete. However it would be worse not to make an attempt to acknowledge those who have played a key role in my work. My deeper gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Ermias Teferi who patiently corrected the manuscript and provided me valuable comments and also for his kind guidance, providing different solution and motivation towards my master thesis. I remain indebted to the Addis Ababa university community in general and the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics staff in particular for their cooperation during my stay in this campus. I am grateful to all Ministry of water, irrigation and energy staff, Central statistics Agency, Ethiopian Mapping Agency ( Geospatial Information Institute) staffs for unforgettable cooperation in during my data collection work to achieve my objective. Finally I would like to thank my family, relatives, friends and others who helped me and contributed helpful advice in accomplishing my thesis work. ii Table of Contents Declaration ................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................................ii List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of Problem ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 General Objectives ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Flood characterization ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Flood Risk Concept ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Flood frequency Analysis ................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Methods of risk assessment ................................................................................................ 9 2.3.1 Hydraulic and hydrologic method ................................................................................ 9 2.3.2 Remote Sensing and GIS approach ............................................................................ 10 2.4 Flood Disaster Management ............................................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Vulnerability Analysis ............................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Climate Change Forecasting ...................................................................................... 12 2.4.3 Flood Plain Management ........................................................................................... 12 2.4.4 Enforcement of Standard and Codes .......................................................................... 12 2.5 Flood scenario in Ethiopia ................................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................... 14 MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................. 14 3.1 Study Area ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Climate in the study area............................................................................................ 16 3.1.3 Geology and Soil ....................................................................................................... 16 iii 3.1.4 Drainage Condition.................................................................................................... 19 3.1.5 Flooding Problem ...................................................................................................... 20 3.1.6 Land Use ................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 data collection .................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.1 Primary data .............................................................................................................. 22 3.2.2 Secondary data .......................................................................................................... 22 3.2.3 Software and materials............................................................................................... 22 3.3 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Multi criteria Analysis ............................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 Flood Hazard Mapping .............................................................................................. 26 3.3.3 Flood Risk Mapping .................................................................................................. 27 3.3.4 Flood Inundation Modeling ....................................................................................... 27 DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Flood Hazard Assessment ................................................................................................ 34 4.1.1 Slope ......................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.2 Drainage Density ....................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Rainfall Data ............................................................................................................. 38 4.1.4 Elevation Factor .......................................................................................................
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