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Bulletin 30-B CMFRI bulletin 30-B SEPTEMBER 1981 PRESENT STATUS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES IN INDIA AND A FEW NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES CENTRAL MARIIME FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) P. B. No. 1912, Cochin 682018, India CMFRI bulletin 30-B SEPTEMBER 1981 PRESENT STATUS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES IN INDIA AND A FEW NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES Papers released to furnish background information at the Seminar on the Role of Smali-Scaie Fisheries and Coastal Aquaculture in Integrated Rural Development, 6-9 December 1978, Madras CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) P. B. No. 1912, Cochin 682 018, India Bulletins are issued periodically by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute to interpret current knowledge in the various fields of research on marine fisheries and allied subjects in India © Copyright reserved Published by E. G. SILAS Director Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Cochin-682 018, India Restricted circulation CONTENTS Preface iii Marine fisheries.of Orissa — A. B. Roy 54 Present status of small-scale fisheries and Status of small-scale fisheries in the Union aquaculture and scope of their development Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands under the rural development programmes in — S. A. H. Abidi 57 Gujarat State — Prabir Basu 1 Present status of small-scale fisheries in Present status of small-scale fisheries of Lakshadweep — George Vargiiese 60 Maharashtra with a note on the socio­ economic survey of Thane District Small-scale bottom-set longline in north­ — A. G. Kalawar 4 western Philippines — Arsenio S. de Jesus, Epifanio S. Abaya and Ricardo D. Caboteja 67 Present status of the fishing industry of Goa — Rajinder M. D haw an 19 The strategy of artisanal fisheries develop­ Role of small-scale fisheries in Karnataka ment of Indonesia — A. Sidarto 76 and its impact on rural economy — M. S. George 22 The status and problems of small-scale fisheries in the Philippines — Vitaliano Status of traditional fisheries in Kerala Encina and Inocencio A. Ronquillo 80 — S. N. Rao 29 Review of recent progress on mussel culture Small-scale marine fisheries of Tamil Nadu in the Philippines — Rodolfo N. Pagcatipu- — A. Sreenivasan 34 nan and Incencio A. Ronquillo 85 Present status of small-scale fisheries in Pondicherry — E. Purushothaman 39 Status of small-scale fisheries in Seychelles — S. E. Vidot 87 Present status of small-scale (traditional) marine fisheries in Andhra Pradesh — Marine fish production in Yemen from 1971 P. P. Williams 46 to 1977 89 PREFACE Sea fishing is the traditional occupation of attention to this sector and plan and implement the fishermen living along the coastline. programmes with an accent towards uplifting Although started as an avocation for subsistence their status through appropriate technological, in the distant past, with the social changes, it financial and other infrastructurai inputs. There became an occupation; people engaged in it should be a linkage of fisheries development formed distinct communities and the produce with fishermen develoment. Such a plan became a merchandise. The resource enjoying would also lead to increased fish production. a status among the country's wealth is from This realisation is perceptible not only at the comparatively recent times. The development national level but has assumed far-reaching schemes under the Five-Year and Annual Plans significance in the world bodies concerned with and the enterprise of the businessmen have fisheries development. raised the status of fishing to the level of an industry, with an added importance of a In this context, the Central Marine Fisheries sizable export segment in it. Research Institute organised a Seminar on the "Role of Small-scale Fisheries and Coastal Aqu- While the entire marine fish catch of the aculture in Integrated Rural Development" at country came from the traditional fisheries prior Madras during 6-9 December 1978 to discuss to 1951—the year when the phase of small-scale fisheries in its operational, technolo­ mechanisation commenced and development gical, financial and socio-economic aspects, to schemes were introduced (barring the consider the coastal aquaculture technologies mechanisation programme developed in recently developed in the country and to evolve Maharashtra in the mid forties)—this sector at an action plan for the accelerated development present accounts for about 60 per cent of the of the coastal rural sector through integration of total marine fish catch. The mechanised sector appropriate technologies, the proceedings of has already started making inroads on this as which have already been published as Part A of in Karnataka. With a predominant rural base of this volume. Although the discussions at the our society, the retention of the ratio of seminar were based on contributed papers, it contribution by the small-scale fisheries around was thought necessary to provide background this level is essential to protect and improve the information on the status of small-scale fisheries employment potential in the coastal sector. It of the country. has been realised that the small-scale fisheries offers twice the returns per unit of investment The FAO/UNDP Project on Small-scale and generatd almost seven times direct Fisheries Promotion in South Asia has prepared employment opportunities as compared to the a General Description of Marine Small-scale mechanised sector. Fisheries of India and a few states. However, a Status Report from the country itself has been Despite these facts, the impact of develop­ lacking. Since the States have a direct respon­ ment programmes has not penetrated the matrix sibility for development of fisheries, it was of the society of fishermen. There has not been decided to seek first-hand information from the much of a visible change in the fortunes of maritime States and Union Territories. The the artisanal fishermen. Their operational, status papers received from these organisations, living and social conditions remain by and large were complied and released at the Seminar the same except for the adoption of synthetic These have been further edited and published in fishing twine. It is time that we pay greater the present book. Ill I must record my sincers thanks to Shri P. Dr. S. A. H. Abidi, Director of Fisheries, Basu. Commissioner of Fisheries, Gujarat. Shri Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Shri George A. G. Kaiawar, Director of Fisheries. Maharashtra- Varghese, Director of Fisheries, Lakshadweep, for Shri R. M. Dhawan, Director of Fisheries, Goa, their cooperation with us in this project and Shri IVI. Jayaraj, Director of Fisheries, Karnataka, for the papers. I must also thank Shri A. Shri S. N. Rao, Director of Fisheries. Kerala- Sreenivasan (Tamil Nadu), Shri M. S. George Shri K. S. Ramakrishnan, Director of Fisheries, (Karnataka) and Shri A. B. Roy (Orissa) for Tamil Nadu, Shri E. Purushothaman, Director of contributing papers for the respective States. Fisheries, Pondicherry, Shri P. P. Williams. It is regretted that the status paper from West Director of Fisheries, Andhra Pradesh, Shri Bengal could not be obtained. Dr. K. Alagarswami M. M. Mohanty, Director of Fisheries, Orissa, of this Institute assisted in editing the papers. E. G. SILAS VI PRESENT STATUS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE AND SCOPE OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN GUJARAT STATE PRABIR BASU Commissioner of Fisheries, Gujarat State, Alimedabad INTRODUCTION The increased fish production and an expanded fisheries trade have been achieved Gujarat has an excellent marine, estuarine not by the modern trawlers alone. The tradit­ and Inland fisheries potential. This State enjoys ional small-scale fisheries has made a substantial an enviable position among all the maritime contribution to the achievements of the fisheries states of the country in view of the long coast­ sector of the State. Therefore, the fisheries line of 1663km and avast seaboard. It has development agencies cannot afford to ignore about 1,65,000 sq. km of continental shelf of the conventional and traditional small - scale which 65,000 sq. km are within a range of 50 fisheries and the persons involved therein while metres. Thus about a third of the coastline and planning for the development of fisheries sector continental shelf of the country is with Gujarat. in the State. Further, the discharge of flood waters into the sea In this region enriches the coastline of this THE SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES OF GUJARAT State and, as a result, the sea abutting the State sustains some major commercial fisheries, such as the bombay-duck, pomfrets, jewfishes, Gujarat has a fishing fleet consisting of abbut threadfins, perches and commercially the most 7,600 boats scattered all along the coast. Of coveted shrimps. these, about 34% are mechanised and the rest are non-mechanised boats ranging from dugout and flat-bottomed boats to plankbuilt Hodis, Gujarat has about 3,67,000 hectares of Lodiyas, IVIactiwas and Watians. These boats estuarine and brackishwater spread, several operate many types of conventional fishing kilometres of river length, about 16,000 hect­ gears such as cotton and hemp bagnets, cast- ares of urban and rural freshwater sheets and nets, dragnets and gillnets. It is estimated about a lakh hectare of minor and major irr­ that out of the 3.39 lakh units of fishing igation reservoirs which yield sizable quantity gears operated along the Gujarat coast, about of estuarine and freshwater fishes, such as the 41% are conventional fishing gear including grey mullets, perches, threadfins, prawns and traps and cast nets. Thus it can be seen that major and minor carps. in spite of a great thrust of sophistication on the craft, gear and fishing methods, the The State has been in the forefront to conventional small-scale fisheries still plays exploit and utilise these natural resources and, a very important role in the State. The National thanks to its well - planned development Commission on Agriculture observed that "the programmes, has been able to increase its fish marine fishing in India has progressed during production cosiderably.
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