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Historic Indiana HISTORIC INDIANA BEING CHARTERS JN THE STORY OF. THE HOOSIER; STATE FROM THE ROMANTIC PERIOD.OF- FOREIGN "EXPLORATION AND DOMINION THROUGH PIONEER DAYS, STIR­ RING \^AR TIMES, AND PERIODS OF PEACE­ FUL PROGRESS, TO THE PRESENT TIME BY JULIA HENDERSON LEVERING ILLUSTRATED G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON ttbe ftnlche'rbochcr prees 1909 COPYRIGHT, 1904 BY JULIA HENDERSON LEVERING XCbe ftnfclctbocker pteif, ttcw Bocft TO THE MEMOKY OF" MY FATHER AND MOTHER WHOSE NOULE LIVES AND CHARACTERS WERE A PART OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PAST RECALLED IN THIS VOLUME PREFACE THE history of Indiana is rich in minor incidents of real interest and of importance; but not in events exclusively its own. The State had its share of the romantic and chivalrous adventures per­ taining to the dawn of Western history, its share in the encounter with a savage race, in the self-sacrifice of pioneer days, and the heroic patriotism of the war periods. Following this, it had its decades of social and material development, common to the Middle West. It is a goodly land, most advantageously located, and always ready for its part in the national responsibilities. The history of Indiana's past is the story of her fast vanishing frontier life and the gradual changes which come in meeting modem conditions. The differences in social life broaden so rapidly in' this country, that later generations take a keen pleasure in pages that preserve the scenes and experiences of those earlier days. Unless it is often retold, the memory of heroic en­ deavors grows dim. Through history and literature the past accomplishments of a people are perpetuated, and their example has. a manifold influence. From the pages of story and verse, the virtues and deeds, the energy and leadership of the best citizens are recalled to the remembrance of another generation. The intention of this book is to include in a single volume an account of various phases of the develop- vi Preface ment of the Commonwealth, whose history must be learned from many sources, not always accessible. Many who have not time for research, and others who have no taste for reading history, may take an interest in the romance of foreign dominion on the Wabash, and in a plain tale of the early settlers. Some may have aroused within them a just pride in their State, in reading of Indiana's vah^nt part in war, the development of her vast naturafresources, and the advanced position which she has taken among the states in provisions for universal education, and the enactment of beneficent laws. The author's lifelong familiarity with the scenes, the characters, the,, movements, and the events men­ tioned, insures to the reader a sympathetic treatment of the subject. Fireside recitals by aged pioneers, addresses at old settlers' meetings, loqal historical society papers, reminiscences of early citizens, State records, scholarly monographs and histories have all gone to the making of these pages. An attempt has been made to accredit, either in the text or in the appended bibliography, the state­ ments and facts, freely gleaned, from every known authority. Acknowledgment and thanks are grate­ fully rendered to them, and to old settlers for their reminiscences. If a renewed interest in those authorities is enlisted, and popular attention is attracted to the historic events, which they have all faithfully sought to pre­ sent, the intention of the present volume will be accomplished. J. H. L. LA FAYETTE, INDIANA, 1908. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I.—LA SALLE AND THE EXPLORATION I II.—FRENCH DOMINION 1,5 III.—BJUTISH OCCUPATION 26 IV.—How SPANISHJIULE AFFECTED INDIANA 32 V.—AMERICAN CONQUEST 44 VI.—THE PIONEERS 60 VII.—INDIANA TERRITORY—1763-1816 106 VIIL—THE NEW STATE—1816 139 IX.—EARLY CHURCHES IN INDIANA 166 X.—CRIMES OF THE BORDER *82 XL—THE TRAIL—FROM BIRCH-BARK CANOE TO ELECTRIC TROLLEY 198 XII.—THE SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS AT Npw HAR­ MONY 240 XIII.—IN THE FORTIES AND FIFTIES 271 XIV.—INDIANA AS AFFECTED BY THE CIVIL WAR 293 XV.—PICTURESQUE INDIANA 325 XVI.—AN INDIANA TYPE 336 XVII.—LETTERS AND ART IN INDIANA 350 XVIIL—EDUCATION IN INDIANA 409 viii Contents PAGE XIX.—THE QUALITY OF THE PEOPLE 448 XX.—AGRICULTURE IN INDIANA 459 XXI.—NATURAL RESOURCES 479 XXII.—THE STATE CIVILIZATION IN INDIANA AS SHOWN BY HER LAWS 493 BIBLIOGRAPHY 525 INDEX 529 ILLUSTRATIONS SCENERY ALONG THE TIPPECANOE Frontispiece From a photograph. ROBERT CAVELIER DE LA SALLE 4 From an engraving of the original painting.' "THE MISSIONARIES CAME FROM AFAR" 18 Redrawn from an old print. A TYPICAL PIONEER SCENE 62 Redrawn by Marie Goth from an old print. THF. SPINNING-WHEEL WAS THE STRINGED INSTRU­ MENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD 64 THE HEROISM OF THE PIONEER WOMEN 68 From an old print. A MAP OF INDIANA IN 1817 80 From an old print. A VIEW OF THE OHIO RIV'ER FROM HANOVER COLLEGE 92 The Ohio was the front door, into Indiana. From a photograph. THE SITE OP TIPPECANOE BATTLE GROUND AT THE PRESENT TIME 120 ix X Illustrations PAGB PROPHET'S ROCK I 2 2 The Prophet stood on the high ground and chanted war songs in a loud- voice and assured his followers of victory. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON 130 From an engraving after the painting by Chappel. THE OLD STATE HOUSE AT CORYDON, INDIANA 136 From a photograph by Mowrer. "CONSTITUTIONAL ELM" AT CORYDON,,INDIANA. 140 This elm is still standing. From a photograph by Mowrer. AN OLD INDIANA BRIDGE 194 These picturesque old bridges are fast giving place to modern iron structures. From a photograph. THE INDIAN PERSISTED IN BELIEVING THAT THE THREATENING CREATURE WAS AN OFFENSE TO THE GENTLE VRIVER 206 From an old print. "JOURNEYING TO THEIR NEW HOMES YOU PASSED PEOPLE SEATED IN THE GREAT CANVAS-TOPPED CONESTOGA WAGONS " 216 From an old print. "WE COULD HEAR THE DRIVER WINDING HIS HORN AND IT ALL SEEMED TOO FINE AND GRAND" 220 From an old print. THE OLD CANAL AND THE DESERTED TOWPATH 226 OLD MAHOGANY FURNITURE BROUGHT TO THE WABASH BY RIVER AND CANAL 274 From a photograph. Illustrations xi PAQ» THB DRESS OF THE FORTIES 276 From a photograph of the period. AN ADVERTISEMENT OF THE UNDERGROUND RAIL­ WAY . 284 (From The Western Citizen, published July, 1844.) ONE OF THE OLD COLONIAL HOMES LONG SINCE PASSED INTO OTHER USES 290 SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT 320 A VIEW ON ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL RIVER ROADS OF INDIANA 326 THE ENTRANCE TO DONNEHUE'S CAVE IN LAWRENCE COUNTY, SOUTHERN INDIANA ' 328 From a photograph. THE CLIFTY FALLS, NEAR MADISON, INDIANA 330 ONE OF THE GORGES OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY 332 AN OLD MILL 334 One comes upon these old mills unexpectedly at a turn of the roaa, set amidst the most charming scenery. From a photograph. ALBERT HENDERSON 338 THE EARLY POETS ALL SANG OF THE BEAUTIES OF FORESTS AND STREAMS 352 BENJAMIN HARRISON 394 From a photograph by Clark,(Indianapolis. THE DAUGHTER OF "CHIEF MASSAW 400 From a sketch from life by William Winter on the Miami Reservation. xii Illustrations A MIAMI INDIAN 404 Sketched from life by William Winter on the Miami Reservation. YOUNG'S CHAPEL, CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL, UNION TOWNSHIP, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, INDIANA 412 Hacks ready to start home. A SCENE NEAR HANOVER COLLEGE 424 From a photograph. , CONSOLIDATED SCHOOL IN UNION TOWNSHIP 426 From a photograph. FROM THE STATELY ENTRANCE YOU LOOK OUT OVER THE BEAUTIFUL CAMPUS OF "ST. MARY'S OF THE WOODS" 428 * STUDENT BUILDING, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOM- INGTON, INDIANA 432 From a photograph. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 440 From a photograph by Miner, Fort Wayne, Ind. CABINET WORK DONE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF BLUFFTON 442 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AT PURDUE UNIVERSITY 446' "OFTEN FROM MORNING UNTIL NIGHT THERE WAS A CONTINUAL RUMBLE OF WHEELS, AND WHEN THE RUSH WAS GREATEST THERE NEVER WAS A MINUTE THAT WAGONS WERE NOT IN SIGHT " 454 From an old print. THE ENTRANCE TO SCHOOL GARDEN, DELPHI, INDIANA 460 CHILDREN CRATING THEIR TOMATO CROP IN THE SCHOOL GARDEN AT DELPHI, INDIANA 464 Illustrations xiii PAOB PRIZE CROP RAISED BY A MEMBER OF THE BOYS' CORN CLUB IN LAPORTE COUNTY, INDIANA 468 THE ENTRANCE TO PURDUE UNIVERSITY 472 THE PICTURESQUE SAND DUNES CAST UP BY THE GREAT LAKES 482 LOWER FALLS CATARACT, STYNER'S FALLS 490 Such falls as Styner's Cataract await their develop­ ment as generators of electric power. THE STATE CAPITOL, INDIANAPOLIS 500 From a photograph by W. H. Bass Photo Co. THE INDIANA REFORM SCHOOL FOR BOYS 512 From a photograph by Deweese, Plainfield, Ind. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The author gratefully acknowledges the kindness of those who have assisted in the illustration of this vol­ ume by permitting the use of photographs belonging to them. Among the friends who have so helped her are: Mrs. Gordon Ball, Mrs. J. H. Styner, Mrs. Julius Hargrave, Mr. William M. Blatchley, Mr. Lawrence McTumin, Mr. E. L. Hendricks, Mr. Samuel D. Symmes, Mr. Claude Millar, Mr. E. G. Bunnell, Mr: John F. Haines, Mr. W. A. Wirt, the President of Indiana Uni­ versity, the President of Hanover College, and the Sister Superior of St. Mary's-of-the-Woods. Thanks are also offered to Hon. Amos Butler and Superin­ tendent Fassett A. Cotton, who went over certain chapters which were concerned with matters on which they are authorities, and enabled the author to speak with the more confidence regarding them. " Whatever the worth of the present work may be, I have striven throughout that it should never be a 'drum and trumpet history.' If some of the conventional figures of military-and political history occupy in my pages less than the space usually given them, it is because I have had to find a place for figures little heeded in com­ mon history—the figures of the missionary, the poet,' the painter, the merchant, and the philosopher." GREEN'S Short History of the English People.
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