DOCSLIB.ORG

Population and Social Characteristics of the Tamarao (Bubalus Mindorensis)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population and Social Characteristics of the Tamarao (Bubalus Mindorensis) Populationand Social Characteristicsof the Tamarao (Bubalus mindorensis)1 David W. Kuehn2 U.S. Peace Corps, PhilippineBureau of Forest Development,Quezon City,Republic of the Philippines ABSTRACT A minimumof 51 tamarao (Bubalus mindorensis)occurred in a 20-km2study area at the Mt. Iglit Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary,Occidental Mindoro, the Philippines.Juvenile bull tamaraoformed groups similarto those in juvenilewater buffalo (Bubalus bubalis),but adult tamaraodid not formclans or aggregationslike buffalo. THE TAMARAO WAS KNOWN long beforeit was described STUDY AREA (Heude 1888, Steere 1888), but it frequentlywas con- fusedwith the anoa (Bubalus [Anoaj depressicornis,Bu- The studyarea lies in thefoothills of the mountainrange balus IIAnoa1quarlesi) (Everett 1878). Taxonomistsnow thatruns through Mindoro's interior and includes20 km2 agreethat the tamarao is a memberof thegenus Bubalus, of the Mt. Iglit Refugeeast of the refugeheadquarters. but Bohlken (1958) consideredit a subspeciesof the Elevationranges from 300 to 1000 m. Most of thestudy waterbuffalo, and Groves(1969) morerecently accorded area is comprisedof severalridges, and it is bounded by it specificstatus. rangesof steepridges to the north,east, and south.Two Although tamarao occurredon Luzon during the riversflow year round and severalstreams flow only in Pleistocene(Beyer 1957), duringhistoric times they have the rainyseason. beenrestricted to theisland of Mindoroin thePhilippines. Grasslandcovers 90 percentof the studyarea, and Tamarao have been legally protectedsince 1936, but threegrassland types are verycommon. Talahib (Saccha- Harper (1945) warnedthat the species faced earlyex- rumspontaneum) dominates the wettest areas in standsup tinctionprimarily due to habitatdestruction and poach- to 4 m high.Cogon (Imperataspp.) dominatessomewhat ing. Numberingperhaps 10,000 in 1900 (Harrisson dryerareas. A complexof shortergrasses, including The- 1969a), thetamarao population decreased to about 1000 meda spp., Paspalum spp., and Alloteropsissemialata, in 1949 and 244 in 1953 (Manuel 1957). By 1969 only dominatesthe upperslopes of the ridges.Reeds (Phrag- 100 tamarao were believed to inhabit four regionsin mitesspp.) occur along the rivers.Bamboo (Dinochloa Mindoro(Harrisson 1969b, Alvarez 1970). spp. and Schizostachyumspp.) and secondarydipterocarp The 90-km2Mt. Iglit Game Refugeand Bird Sanc- forestsoccur along the rivers and whereverthe topography tuarywas establishedin one of the fourMindoro regions causes a firebreakeffect (Talbot & Talbot 1966, Philip- in 1961 and was enlargedto 755 km2in 1969. Talbot pine Bureauof ForestDevelopment, pers. comm.). Mem- and Talbot (1966) estimateda minimumof 17 tamarao bers of the Batangan tribeburn most of the grassland survivedat Mt. Iglit in 1964; fiveyears later Harrisson everydry season. The studyarea has a dryseason from (1969b) estimatedat least 20 remained. December throughMay and a rainyseason fromJune This paper offerscriteria for estimatingthe age of throughNovember. Rainfall averages 300 cm annually tamaraoin thefield, documents population characteristics in OccidentalMindoro (Landicho 1952). of tamarao on a 20-km2 study area at Mt. Iglit, and comparesthe behavior of tamarao, whose range was heavilyforested before human arrival(Landicho 1952, METHODS Wernstedt& Spencer1967), withthat of thewater buf- Field workwas conductedon 221 days during3-7 May falo, which is adapted to more open habitat (Halder 1972, 3 September1972 through18 July 1973, and 4 1973). November1973 through22 March 1974. Areasaround vantagepoints were scanned with binoculars and spotting scopeto observetamarao. Adult (olderthan 5 years)cow tamaraowere individuallyidentified by hornconforma- i Received 22 October 1984, revisionaccepted 16 April 1985. tion and the and sex of theircalves. 2 Presentaddress: Forest Wildlife Populations and Research by number,age, Group,Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 1201 East Most adult bulls could not be individuallyrecognized, Highway2, Grand Rapids, Minnesota55744, U.S.A. and the estimateof theirnumbers is based on timesand BIOTROPICA18(3): 263-266 1986 263 areasof observations.In examininggroup size tamarao TABLE 1. Sex and estimatedage of tamaraoobserved during werecounted once during each day they were observed. December1972-May 1973. Unknown RESULTS Age in years Bulls Cows sex AGINGCRITERIA.-Provisional criteria were developed to 0.5 0 1 5 estimateage of tamarao from pelage color and from horn 1.5 1 2 1 lengthand conformation.A neonate tamarao was red- 2.5 4 2 0 3.5 3 2 0 dish-brownwith dark brown legs and a blackdorsal line. 4.5 1 3 0 Calvesa fewmonths old had lightbrown bodies which 25.5 16 10 0 laterturned dark brown or a slatecolor. A captivecow Total 25 20 6 andbull developed slate-colored pelage at 3-4 yr(J. M. Buenaflor,pers. comm.). In mostanimals the slate-col- oredpelage darkened to black,but three adult cows were brownor brown-tinged.Two bullsturned black a year Two bulls were 3-4 yrold and two were4-5 yr old in afterthey developed slate-colored pelage. January-July1973. In that period only 4 (18%) of 22 Observationsof horngrowth in cow tamaraowere observationsof thegroup were of lone animals,compared madeon onecalf from the age of a fewdays to 9 months, to 8 (47%) of 17 observationsfrom November 1973 andon twoothers from age 1 to 2 yrand from 3 to 4 yr. throughMarch 1974. The age of thesecond calf was estimatedby comparing Cow tamaraowere alone or accompaniedby up to herhorn growth to thatof thefirst calf, and theage of threecalves in 71 (66%) of 107 observations,and were thelast calf was establishedwhen it developedslate-col- withbulls in 33 (31%), 4 of them involvingcourtship. oredpelage at an assumedage of 3.5 yr.At an assumed Only one recurrentassociation between adult cows was age of 1 yrthe second calf's horns reached the middle of observed:two cows, each with one calf,were seen together herears when the ears were parallel to them;at 2 yrof 6 timesand separatetwice over 16 months.In the only age herhorns reached two-thirds of thedistance to the otherassociations, a cow withthree calves was seen once eartips. The horns of the oldest calf were longer but still witha calflesscow, and a cow withone calfwas briefly spike-likeat 3 yr,and at 4 yrthey started to broadenat associatedwith an adult bull and threejuvenile bulls. thebases, approaching adult conformation. Fiveyoung tamarao calves were seen, including a neo- At 2 yrof age,estimated from pelage changes, the nate on 2 June 1973 and one estimatedat 1-2 weeks hornsof twobulls reached their ear tips.At 3 yrtheir old on 18 October 1972. The birthdatesof threecalves hornsextended past the ear tips, and in one animalthe seen in November 1972 and 1973 were estimatedas basesof thehorns were broadening. At 4 yrof age the beingin August-September,so birthsmay occur through- hornsof both bulls were wedge-shaped with broad bases out Mindoro'sJune-November rainy season. In the only andnarrow terminal halves. The horns of two other bulls prolongedobservation of a neonate,a tamaraocow grazed werestill wedge-shaped at 5 yrof age, estimatedfrom 50 m away whilethe calflay withher neck stretched on pelagechanges. theground, a posturetypical of the "hider" species(Lent 1974) whichhide theiryoung rather than accompanying POPULATIONESTIMATE.-Fifty-one different tamarao were themconstantly. countedduring the December-May dry season of 1972- The oldest male calves still in familygroups were 1973 (Table 1). The sexratio was approximatelyequal estimatedto be 3 yr old, and two apparentlyindepen- (9 males:10females) among tamarao not more than 4.5 dentmales were2 yrold. Female calvesup to 4.5 years yrold. If the number of adult cows equalled the estimated old (Table 2) were observedin familygroups, and two 16 adultbulls, and if theyaveraged 1.6 calvesat heel femalesappeared to be independentat 1.5 and 2.5 yr (Table 2), a minimumof 67 tamaraooccupied the 20- of age; anotherfemale was drivenoff by her motherat km2 studyarea. 3.5 yr. SOCIALCHARACTERISTICS.-Adult bull tamaraowere large- AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR.-No fightsbetween bull tamarao lysolitary. Of 218 observations,179 (82%) wereof lone wereobserved, but 8 pursuitsof one bull by anotherwere bulls,33 (15%) wereof bullswith cows, and 5 (2%) seen. One incidentoccurred 2 hr afterbreeding activity wereof bullswith independent tamarao less than4 yr was observednearby, but the cow was not presentwhen old. The largestaggregation observed included an adult the bulls came intoconflict. Four incidentsoccurred after bull,a cowand calf,and threebulls not more than 3.5 fireshad clearedmost of the cover froman expanse of yrold. grasslandand the tamarao had convergedon the un- Fourjuvenile tamarao were frequently seen together. burned areas. In 2 incidentsan adult bull chasedoff two 264 Kuehn buf- TABLE 2. Sex and estimatedage ofoffspring accompanying cow Adult tamaraoare much less social than water tamaraoduring December 1972-May 1973. falo. Associationsof adult bull tamarao were not ob- served,and in 8 incidentsbull tamaraowere observed Cow Sex and estimatedage ofcalves purusingother bulls, indicatingthat the absenceof ag- 1 gregationsis not due solelyto the small remainingpop- 2 ulationof tamarao.Only 1 recurrentassociation of cow 3 f-0.5 tamaraowas observed.In contrast,bull buffalomay form 4 ?-O.5 groupsof up to 50, and generationsof cow buffaloform 5 ?-1.5 6 ?-0.5 f-4.5 clans numberingup to 30 animals.The clans may com- 7 f-1.5 f-4.5 bine in herdsof up to 500 buffalo(Tulloch 1978). The 8 ?-0.5 m-1.5 m-2.5 group of 4 juvenilebulls
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fossil Bovidae from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab
    FOSSIL BOVIDAE FROM THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO AND THE PUNJAB by Dr. D. A. HOOIJER (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden) with pls. I-IX CONTENTS Introduction 1 Order Artiodactyla Owen 8 Family Bovidae Gray 8 Subfamily Bovinae Gill 8 Duboisia santeng (Dubois) 8 Epileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois) 19 Hemibos triquetricornis Rütimeyer 60 Hemibos acuticornis (Falconer et Cautley) 61 Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 62 Bubalus bubalis (L.) subsp 77 Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois 78 Bibos javanicus (d'Alton) subsp 98 Subfamily Caprinae Gill 99 Capricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein) subsp 99 Literature cited 106 Explanation of the plates 11o INTRODUCTION The Bovidae make up a very large portion of the Dubois collection of fossil vertebrates from Java, second only to the Proboscidea in bulk. Before Dubois began his explorations in Java in 1890 we knew very little about the fossil bovids of that island. Martin (1887, p. 61, pl. VII fig. 2) described a horn core as Bison sivalensis Falconer (?); Bison sivalensis Martin has al• ready been placed in the synonymy of Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois by Von Koenigswald (1933, p. 93), which is evidently correct. Pilgrim (in Bron- gersma, 1936, p. 246) considered the horn core in question to belong to a Bibos species closely related to the banteng. Two further horn cores from Java described by Martin (1887, p. 63, pl. VI fig. 4; 1888, p. 114, pl. XII fig. 4) are not sufficiently well preserved to allow of a specific determination, although they probably belong to Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois as well. In a preliminary faunal list Dubois (1891) mentions four bovid species as occurring in the Pleistocene of Java, viz., two living species (the banteng and the water buffalo) and two extinct forms, Anoa spec.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status of Asiatic Wild Buffalo (Bubalus Arnee) in Chhattisgarh
    Conservation status of Asiatic Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Chhattisgarh revealed through genetic study A Technical Report Prepared by Laboratory for the Conservation of Wildlife Trust of India Endangered Species(LACONES) F – 13, Sector 08 CSIR-CCMB Annex I, HYDERABAD – 500048 NCR, Noida - 201301 Disclaimer: This publication is meant for authorized use by laboratories and persons involved in research on conservation of Wild buffalos. LaCONES shall not be liable for any direct, consequential or incidental damages arising out of the protocols described in this book. Reference to any specific product (commercial or non-commercial), processes or services by brand or trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favor by LaCONES. The information and statements contained in this document shall not be used for the purpose of advertising or to imply the endorsement or recommendation of LaCONES. Citation: Mishra R.P. and A. Gaur. 2019. Conservation status of Asiatic Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Chhattisgarh revealed through genetic study. Technical Report of WTI and CSIR-CCMB, 17p ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to the Forest Department, Govt. of Chhattisgarh for giving permission to carry out the conservation and research activities on Wild buffalo in various protected areas in Chhattisgarh. We are grateful to Shri Ram Prakash, PCCF (Retd.); Shri R.N. Mishra, PCCF (Retd.); Dr. R.K. Singh, PCCF (Retd.), Shri Atul Kumar Shukla, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Chief Wildlife Warden and Dr. S.K. Singh, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (WL), Dr. Rakesh Mishra, Director CSIR-CCMB, Dr. Rahul Kaul, Executive Director, WTI, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bubaline-Derived Satellite DNA Probe Uncovers Generic Affinities of Gaur with Other Bovids
    A bubaline-derived satellite DNA probe uncovers generic affinities of gaur with other bovids PRITHA RAY, SUPRIYA GANGADHARAN, MUNMUN CHATrOPADHYAY, ANU BASHAMBOO, SUN1TA BHATNAGAR, PRADEEP KUMAR MALIK* and SHER ALI t Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India *Wildlife Institute of lndia, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun 248 001, India tCorresponding author (Fax, 91-11-6162125; Email, [email protected]). DNA typing using genome derived cloned probes may be conducted for ascertaining genetic affinities of closely related species. We analysed gaur Bos gaurus, cattle Bos indicus, buffalo Bubalus bubalis, sheep Ovis aries and goat Capra hircus DNA using buffalo derived cloned probe pDS5 carrying an array of BamHI satellite fraction of 1378 base residues to uncover its genomic organization. Zoo-blot analysis showed that pDS5 does not cross hybridize with non-bovid animals and surprisingly with female gaur genomic DNA. The presence of pDS5 sequences in the gaur males suggests their possible location on the Y chromosome. Genotyping of pDS5 with BamHI enzyme detected mostly monomorphic bands in the bubaline samples and polymorphic ones in cattle and gaur giving rise to clad specific pattern. Similar typing with RsaI enzyme also revealed clad specific band pattern detecting more number of bands in buffalo and fewer in sheep, goat and gaur samples. Copy number variation was found to be prominent in cattle and gaur with RsaI typing. Our data based on matched band profiles (MBP) suggest that gaur is genetically closer to cattle than buffalo contradicting the age-old notion held by some that gaur is a wild buffalo.
    [Show full text]
  • Vega Etal Procroyalsocb Synchronous Diversification
    Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Please cite this publication as follows: Frantz, Laurent A. F., Rudzinski, A., Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha, A., Evin, A., Burton, J., Hulme-Beaman, A., Linderholm, A., Barnett, R., Vega, R., Irving-Pease, E., Haile, J., Allen, R., Leus, K., Shephard, J., Hillyer, M., Gillemot, S., van den Hurk, J., Ogle, S., Atofanei, C., Thomas, M., Johansson, F., Haris Mustari, A., Williams, J., Mohamad, K., Siska Damayanti, C., Djuwita Wiryadi, I., Obbles, D., Mona, S., Day, H., Yasin, M., Meker, S., McGuire, J., Evans, B., von Rintelen, T., Hoult, S., Searle, J., Kitchener, A., Macdonald, A., Shaw, D., Hall, R., Galbusera, P. and Larson, G. (2018) Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi’s iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Link to official URL (if available): http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2566. This version is made available in accordance with publishers’ policies. All material made available by CReaTE is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Contact: [email protected] Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi’s iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events Authors Laurent A. F. Frantz1,2,a,*, Anna Rudzinski3,*, Abang Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha4,c,*, , Allowen Evin5,6*, James Burton7,8*, Ardern Hulme-Beaman2,6, Anna Linderholm2,9, Ross Barnett2,10, Rodrigo Vega11 Evan K. Irving-Pease2, James Haile2,10, Richard Allen2, Kristin Leus12,13, Jill Shephard14,15, Mia Hillyer14,16, Sarah Gillemot14, Jeroen van den Hurk14, Sharron Ogle17, Cristina Atofanei11, Mark G.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Animal Utilization in the Holocene of the Philippines: a Comparison of Faunal Samples from Four Archaeological Sites
    Patterns of Animal Utilization in the Holocene of the Philippines: A Comparison of Faunal Samples from Four Archaeological Sites KAREN M. MUDAR THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO IS A SERIES OF TROPICAL OCEANIC ISLANDS located off the eastern edge of the Sunda Shelf While dramatically lower sea levels of 145-160 m during the middle and late Pleistocene uncovered the shelf and joined the Malay Peninsula and islands of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo into one land mass (Heaney 1985), this had little effect on accessibility to the oceanic Philippine Islands. Although relatively narrow water gaps, 12-25 km in width, existed between the archipelago and the Sunda Shelf at several times during the middle and late Pleistocene, the only major island that was connected to the mainland was Palawan,l which formed part of Sundaland during the middle Pleis­ tocene. Therefore nonarboreal mammalian fauna entering the archipelago either swam or were rafted to the oceanic islands. This isolation, combined with the relatively small size of the islands, has had a significant effect on the mammalian fauna, affecting both species diversity and morphology. The water barrier acted as a filter, allowing migration of small mam­ mals, particularly murid rodents, and discouraging migration of other taxa. Small insectivores, for example, have high metabolic requirements, which make it un­ likely that they would survive a lengthy rafting event. Other research on island biogeography (Heaney 1984) has shown that small isolated islands, in general, support a fauna depauperate in carnivores and large herbivores. In contrast to the 11 species of ungulates and 29 species of carnivores on Sumatra, the Philippines supports only three species of ungulates and two species of carnivores (Heaney 1984).
    [Show full text]
  • Detomidine and Butorphanol for Standing Sedation in a Range of Zoo-Kept Ungulate Species
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 48(3): 616–626, 2017 Copyright 2017 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians DETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL FOR STANDING SEDATION IN A RANGE OF ZOO-KEPT UNGULATE SPECIES Tim Bouts, D.V.M., M.Sc., Dip. E.C.Z.M., Joanne Dodds, V.N., Karla Berry, V.N., Abdi Arif, M.V.Sc., Polly Taylor, Vet. M. B., Ph. D., Dip. E.C.V.A.A., Andrew Routh, B. V. Sc., Cert. Zoo. Med., and Frank Gasthuys, D.V.M., Ph. D., Dip. E.C.V.A.A. Abstract: General anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. In ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. Thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. A combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. This drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied for standing sedation in a range of zoo animals, allowing a number of minor procedures. The combination was successfully administered in five species of nondomesticated equids (Przewalski horse [Equus ferus przewalskii; n ¼ 1], onager [Equus hemionus onager; n ¼ 4], kiang [Equus kiang; n ¼ 3], Grevy’s zebra [Equus grevyi; n ¼ 4], and Somali wild ass [Equus africanus somaliensis; n ¼ 7]), with a mean dose range of 0.10–0.17 mg/kg detomidine and 0.07–0.13 mg/kg butorphanol; the white (Ceratotherium simum simum; n ¼ 12) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis; n ¼ 4), with a mean dose of 0.015 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol; and Asiatic elephant bulls (Elephas maximus; n ¼ 2), with a mean dose of 0.018 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol.
    [Show full text]
  • (Bubalus Bubalis) in NEPAL: RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT ACTION in the FACE of UNCERTAINTY for a CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES
    Contents TIGERPAPER A Translocation Proposal for Wild Buffalo in Nepal................... 1 Eucalyptus – Bane or Boon?................................................... 8 Status and Distribution of Wild Cattle in Cambodia.................... 9 Reptile Richness and Diversity In and Around Gir Forest........... 15 A Comparison of Identification Techniques for Predators on Artificial Nests................................................................... 20 Devastating Flood in Kaziranga National Park............................ 24 Bird Damage to Guava and Papaya........................................... 27 Death of an Elephant by Sunstroke in Orissa............................. 31 Msc in Forest and Nature Conservation for Tropical Areas......... 32 FOREST NEWS Report of an International Conference on Community Involvement in Fire Management............................................ 1 ASEAN Senior Officials Endorse Code of Practice for Forest Harvesting.................................................................. 4 Asian Model Forests Develop Criteria and Indicators Guidelines............................................................................. 4 East Asian Countries Pledge Action on Illegal Forest Activities.............................................................................. 6 South Pacific Ministers Consider Forestry Issues........................ 9 Tropical Ecosystems, Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare.. 10 Draft Webpage for International Weem Network......................... 10 New FAO Forestry Publications...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) Trinaperronei N. Sp
    Garcia et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:308 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04169-0 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) trinaperronei n. sp. in the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation Herakles A. Garcia1,2* , Pilar A. Blanco2,3,4, Adriana C. Rodrigues1, Carla M. F. Rodrigues1,5, Carmen S. A. Takata1, Marta Campaner1, Erney P. Camargo1,5 and Marta M. G. Teixeira1,5* Abstract Background: The subgenus Megatrypanum Hoare, 1964 of Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843 comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878 (hippoboscid fy), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results: Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum-specifc TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypa- nosoma (Megatrypanum) trinaperronei n. sp. In our analyses, the new species was closest to Trypanosoma sp. D30 from fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes from cervids (North American elk and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into the life-cycle of T. trinaper- ronei n. sp. were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing fagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed-Species Exhibits with Pigs (Suidae)
    Mixed-species exhibits with Pigs (Suidae) Written by KRISZTIÁN SVÁBIK Team Leader, Toni’s Zoo, Rothenburg, Luzern, Switzerland Email: [email protected] 9th May 2021 Cover photo © Krisztián Svábik Mixed-species exhibits with Pigs (Suidae) 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 Use of space and enclosure furnishings ................................................................... 3 Feeding ..................................................................................................................... 3 Breeding ................................................................................................................... 4 Choice of species and individuals ............................................................................ 4 List of mixed-species exhibits involving Suids ........................................................ 5 LIST OF SPECIES COMBINATIONS – SUIDAE .......................................................... 6 Sulawesi Babirusa, Babyrousa celebensis ...............................................................7 Common Warthog, Phacochoerus africanus ......................................................... 8 Giant Forest Hog, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni ..................................................10 Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus ........................................................................ 11 Red River Hog, Potamochoerus porcus ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Water Buffalo: Domestic Anima of the Future
    The Water Buffalo: Domestic Anima © CopyrightAmerican Association o fBovine Practitioners; open access distribution. of the Future W. Ross Cockrill, D.V.M., F.R.C.V.S., Consultant, Animal Production, Protection & Health, Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy Summary to produce the cattalo, or beefalo, a heavy meat- The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a type animal for which widely publicized claims neglected bovine animal with a notable and so far have been made. The water buffalo has never been unexploited potential, especially for meat and shown to produce offspring either fertile or sterile milk production. World buffalo stocks, which at when mated with cattle, although under suitable present total 150 million in some 40 countries, are conditions a bull will serve female buffaloes, while increasing steadily. a male buffalo will mount cows. It is important that national stocks should be There are about 150 million water buffaloes in the upgraded by selective breeding allied to improved world compared to a cattle population of around 1,- management and nutrition but, from the stand­ 165 million. This is a significant figure, especially point of increased production and the full realiza­ when it is considered that the majority of buffaloes tion of potential, it is equally important that are productive in terms of milk, work and meat, or crossbreeding should be carried out extensively any two of these outputs, whereas a high proportion of especially in association with schemes to increase the world’s cattle is economically useless. and improve buffalo meat production. In the majority of buffalo-owning countries, and in Meat from buffaloes which are reared and fed all those in which buffaloes make an important con­ for early slaughter is of excellent quality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cosmological Role of the Pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak
    anthropozoologica 2021 ● 56 ● 11 LES SUIDÉS EN CONTEXTE RITUEL À L’ÉPOQUE CONTEMPORAINE Édité par Frédéric LAUGRAND, Lionel SIMON & Séverine LAGNEAUX Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak Monica JANOWSKI art. 56 (11) — Published on 6 August 2021 www.anthropozoologica.com DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION / PUBLICATION DIRECTOR : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Joséphine Lesur RÉDACTRICE / EDITOR: Christine Lefèvre RESPONSABLE DES ACTUALITÉS SCIENTIFIQUES / RESPONSIBLE FOR SCIENTIFIC NEWS: Rémi Berthon ASSISTANTE DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR: Emmanuelle Rocklin ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT: Emmanuelle Rocklin, Inist-CNRS COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD: Louis Chaix (Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Genève, Suisse) Jean-Pierre Digard (CNRS, Ivry-sur-Seine, France) Allowen Evin (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France) Bernard Faye (Cirad, Montpellier, France) Carole Ferret (Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Sociale, Paris, France) Giacomo Giacobini (Università di Torino, Turin, Italie) Lionel Gourichon (Université de Nice, Nice, France) Véronique Laroulandie (CNRS, Université de Bordeaux 1, France) Stavros Lazaris (Orient & Méditerranée, Collège de France – CNRS – Sorbonne Université, Paris, France) Nicolas Lescureux (Centre d'Écologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Montpellier, France) Marco Masseti (University of Florence, Italy) Georges Métailié (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France) Diego
    [Show full text]
  • The North American Bison Dave Arthun and Jerry L
    The North American Bison Dave Arthun and Jerry L. Holechek Dept. of Animal and Range Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003 Reprinted from Rangelands 4(3), June 1982 Summary Bison played a significant role in the settling of the Western United States and Canada. This article summarizes the major events in the history of bison in North America from the times of the early settlers to the twentieth century. The effect of bison grazing on early rangeland conditions is also discussed. The North American Bison No other indigenous animal, except perhaps the beaver, influenced the pages of history in the Old West as did the bison. The bison's demise wrote the final chapter for the Indian and opened the West to the white man and civilization. The soil-grass-buffalo-lndian relationship had developed over thousands of years, The bison was the essential factor in the plains Indian's existence, and when the herds were destroyed, the Indian was easily subdued by the white man. The bison belongs to the family Bovidae. This is the family to which musk ox and our domestic cattle, sheep, and goats belong. Members have true horns, which are never shed. Horns are present in both sexes. The Latin or scientific name is Bison bison, inferring it is not a true buffalo like the Asian and African buffalo. The true buffalo possess no hump and belong to the genus Bubalus, local venacular for the American bison has included buffalo, Mexican bull, shaggies, and Indian cattle. The bison were the largest native herbivore on the plains of the West.
    [Show full text]