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Broadband Reference Guide

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Broadband Reference Guide Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. Broadband Reference Guide Airports Casinos Fitness Centers Retail Stores Houses of Worship Hotels Assisted Living Stadiums & Arenas Offices Broadcast Studios Schools & Universities Government Headends Hospitals MDUs Correctional Facilites Next Generation - “Broadband Reference Guide” Select the desired channel or frequency by touching the respective blue arrow. At the bottom of the The full range of channels is listed screen, select the icon for to the right, select your range, the channel application. and then choose the appropriate number to the left. Click at the top left menu to return to your channel info. Thank you for requesting our Broadband Reference Guide. We hope you find this latest update helpful as we strive to provide technical information for the broadband industry in a convenient pocket size book. Remember to look for previous versions of the reference guide on the Blonder Tongue website. We welcome any suggestion for further improvement, simply e-mail: [email protected]. Bob Pallé President One Jake Brown Road, Old Bridge, NJ 08857 Phone: 732-679-4000 • Fax: 732-679-4353 www.blondertongue.com ©2014 Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Trademarks are the property of their respective owner. 1 SAFETY System Planning ............................................................4 Cable Substitution Chart ................................................5 Current Ratings for Electronic Cables .............................6 Headend HVAC Considerations ......................................7 2 PRODUCTS & APPLICATIONS Encoder Collection ........................................................11 Digital Collection ......................................................... 28 EdgeQAM & IP Solutions ............................................. 49 3 DIGITAL REFERENCE Digital Cable (QAM) .................................................... 60 Digital Over-the-Air ...................................................... 60 Encoding Diagram ....................................................... 61 Digital Content Types ................................................... 62 Digital Closed Captioning ............................................ 64 Chroma Sub-Mapping Types ........................................ 66 Audio Encoding ........................................................... 67 Digital Tech Tips .......................................................... 70 Digital Signal Analysis .................................................. 75 CATV QAM Channel Center Frequency ........................ 84 North American Digital Broadcast Channel Frequency . 86 4 ANALOG REFERENCE Analog Cable (RF) .........................................................88 Analog Over-the-Air ......................................................88 Analog Content Types ...................................................89 Analog Closed Captioning .............................................91 North America CATV Frequency Chart ..........................92 US Frequency Spectrum ................................................97 North America Off-Air Frequency Chart ........................99 FM Broadcast Channel Frequency .................................101 5 CONNECTORS & INTERFACES Cables, Wiring & Pinout Reference ............................. 104 Optical Connectors .....................................................112 iv 6 CATV RF CALCULATIONS System Calculations ................................................... 114 Passive & Coaxial Cable Characteristics ......................128 Broadband RF Network Powering ...............................129 7 OFF-AIR ANTENNAS, & SATELLITE INFO Dipole Antenna Equations ..........................................132 Multiplexers ...............................................................133 Antenna General Information .....................................134 Antenna Spacing ........................................................135 Antenna Phasing ........................................................137 Satellite Transmission Standards .................................138 System Calculations ...................................................139 North & South American C & Ku-Band Satellites ....... 141 Broadcast Station "List"...............................................143 8 INTERNATIONAL TV FORMATS Worldwide TV Standards ............................................146 CCIR Television Transmission Characteristics ..............152 International Analog Channel Standards .....................153 9 CONVERSIONS & MISC. DATA Basic Cable Theory ....................................................156 Conversion Factors .....................................................162 Fiber Optics ...............................................................175 10 FCC RULES FCC Highlights ..........................................................180 FCC Rules ..................................................................188 11 SYMBOLS & ACRONYMS Common CATV Symbols ............................................194 Common IPTV Symbols ..............................................196 CATV & IPTV Acronyms .............................................198 Basic Glossary of CATV & IPTV Terms ........................230 Useful Websites and Publications ...............................235 v Company Profile Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. provides system operators and integrators serving the cable, broadcast, satellite, IPTV, institutional and professional video markets with comprehensive solutions for the provision of content contribution, distribution and video delivery to homes and businesses. With over 60 years of experience, the company designs, manufactures, sells and supports an equipment portfolio of standard and high definition digital video solutions, as well as core analog video and high speed data solutions for distribution over coax, fiber and IP networks. 1 SAFETY 2 PRODUCTS & APPLICATIONS 3 DIGITAL REFERENCE 4 ANALOG REFERENCE 5 CONNECTORS & INTERFACES 6 CATV RF CALCULATIONS 7 OFF-AIR ANTENNAS, & SATELLITE INFO 8 INTERNATIONAL TV FORMATS 9 CONVERSIONS & MISC. DATA 10 FCC RULES 11 SYMBOLS & ACRONYMS 3 1 SAFETY System Planning ...................................... 4 Cable Substitution Chart .......................... 5 Current Ratings for Electronic Cables ....... 6 Headend HVAC Considerations ................ 7 4 System Planning Headend & Distribution System Construction The System Contractor must adhere to both national and local building codes when constructing a Broadband CATV System. This includes, but is not limited to the NEC, NFPA Codes and local building ordinances. Related National Electrical Code (NEC) Articles Article 250 - Grounding is one of the largest, most important, and least understood articles in the NEC. As specified in Section 90-1(a), safety is the key element and purpose of the NEC. Proper grounding and bonding is essential for maximum protection of life and property. If over-current protection is considered the first line of defense, grounding could be considered the last line of defense. Article 810 - Radio and Television Equipmentcovers radio and television receiving equipment and amateur radio transmitting and receiving equipment, but not equipment and antennas used for coupling carrier current to power line conductors. Article 820 - Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems covers coaxial cable distribution of radio frequency signals typically employed in community antenna television (CATV) systems. National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) - www.nfpa.org Cable Substitution Chart (Per 2005 NEC*) 5 FIRE-RESISTANCE LEVEL NEC ARTICLES Test Requirements 800 725 760 820 770 830 COAX PLENUM CMP MULTI-CONDUCTOR 4 (Highest) CL3P NONCONDUCTIVE CONDUCTIVE NFPA 262 CATVP CMP FPLP OFNP OFCP BLP CL3P (UL 910 Steiner Tunnel) CL2P RISER COAX 3 MULTI-CONDUCTOR CMR BMR CL3R UL-1666 FPLR CATVR OFNR OFCR (Vertical Shaft) CL2R GENERAL PURPOSE COAX 2 CMG MULTI-CONDUCTOR CM PLTC BM UL-1685 CL3 FPL CATV OFNG OFCG Vertical Tray or CSA FT4 (UL 1581) CL2 RESIDENTIAL COAX 1(Lowest) CMR CMX CATVX BLX CL3R CL3X CMG CM All cables other than CL3 VW-1 CL2X CMX “Network Powered Broadband Cables” CL3X (Vertical Frame) (BMR, BM, BLP, BLX) shall be coaxial cables. Cables indicated can be substituted. NEC Type Definition CMP, CMR, CMG, CM, CMX Communications Cables CL3P, CL3R, CL3, CL3X, CL2P, CL2R, CL2, CL2X Class 2 and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling and Power Limited Cables FPLP, FPLR, FPL Power Limited Fire Alarm Cables CATVP, CATVR, CATV, CATVX Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Cables OFNP, OFNR, OFNG, OFN Nonconductive Optical Fiber Cables OFCP, OFCR, OFCG, OFC Conductive Optical Fiber Cables PLTC Power Limited Tray Cables BMR, BM, BLP, BLX Network-powered Broadband Communications Cables *National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA. 6 Current Ratings for Electronic Cables The maximum continuous current rating for an electronic cable is limited by conductor size, number of conductors contained within the cable, maximum temperature rating of the cable, and environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and air flow. To use the current capacity chart, first determine conductor size, temperature rating, and number of conductors from the applicable product description for the cable of interest. Next, find the current value on the chart for the proper temperature rating
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